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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
			<issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">RvRFQkgXLTtKYtqjfNYmZJz</article-id>
			<article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2020001100478</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200648</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200648</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Minieditorial</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Consumo de Oxig&#234;nio e Aptid&#227;o Cardiorrespirat&#243;ria | Diferen&#231;a entre Idade Cronol&#243;gica e Biol&#243;gica</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9263-5916</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Herdy</surname>
						<given-names>Artur Haddad</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Assis</surname>
						<given-names>Amberson Vieira</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Jos&#233;</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina &#8211; Cardiologia, S&#227;o Jos&#233;, SC &#8211; Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Artur Haddad Herdy &#8226; Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina &#8211; Cardiologia - Rua Dolfo Donato. CEP 88103-901, S&#227;o Jos&#233;, SC &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>arherdy@cardiosport.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>18</day>
				<month>09</month>
				<year>2020</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<month>09</month>
				<year>2020</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>115</volume>
			<issue>3</issue>
			<fpage>478</fpage>
			<lpage>479</lpage>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<kwd>Atividade Motora</kwd>
				<kwd>Exerc&#237;cio</kwd>
				<kwd>Classe Social</kwd>
				<kwd>Atletas</kwd>
				<kwd>Treino Aer&#243;bico</kwd>
				<kwd>Resist&#234;ncia F&#237;sica</kwd>
				<kwd>Estilo de Vida Saud&#225;vel</kwd>
				<kwd>Sedentarismo</kwd>
				<kwd>Isquemia Mioc&#225;rdica/preven&#231;&#227;o e controle</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="0"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="12"/>
				<page-count count="2"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>O oxig&#234;nio &#233;, sem d&#250;vida, um dos principais elementos para a vida de um organismo aer&#243;bico. Os animais com estruturas mais complexas &#8211; dentre eles, os seres humanos &#8211; desenvolveram no processo evolutivo o metabolismo oxidativo como principal fonte de produ&#231;&#227;o de energia. Sendo assim, a nossa capacidade de aproveitamento e utiliza&#231;&#227;o do oxig&#234;nio representa a principal usina de energia e est&#225; intimamente associada &#224; nossa vitalidade. A sua aferi&#231;&#227;o deveria ser considerada mais um sinal vital. Na avalia&#231;&#227;o de atletas ou de pessoas com patologias graves, o consumo de oxig&#234;nio (VO<sub>2</sub>) &#233; um importante marcador de desempenho ou sobrevida.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> O VO<sub>2</sub> tamb&#233;m define terapias fundamentais em pacientes graves com ICC. Em uma s&#233;rie de 715 pacientes encaminhados para transplante card&#237;aco, a sobrevida livre de eventos como morte e transplante em 1 ano foi de 87% diante de VO<sub>2</sub> &gt;14, 77% entre 10,1 e 14 e 65% quando &#8804;10 mL/kg.min.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Por outro lado, valores acima de 20 mL/kg.min s&#227;o considerados de melhor progn&#243;stico e podem seguir em terapia farmacol&#243;gica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Recentemente, na pandemia do coronav&#237;rus-19 (Sars-CoV-2), o valor dos n&#237;veis arteriais de oxig&#234;nio se mostrou important&#237;ssima ferramenta na avalia&#231;&#227;o da gravidade desses pacientes. Nos quadros iniciais de les&#227;o pulmonar, os pacientes apresentavam-se relativamente bem, apesar da dessatura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio pouco responsiva &#224; oxigenioterapia, em um claro descolamento entre a gravidade da hipoxemia e os sintomas, o que tem sido descrito como &#8220;<italic>Happy hypoxemia</italic>&#8221;. O monitoramento precoce da satura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio desde a fase domiciliar permitiu a antecipa&#231;&#227;o do aparecimento da dispneia, que j&#225; representa um indicativo da fase adiantada do comprometimento pulmonar e da iminente necessidade de suplementa&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio e/ou ventila&#231;&#227;o invasiva.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
		<p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o da capacidade cardiorrespirat&#243;ria (ACR) ou funcional ao exerc&#237;cio &#233; uma ferramenta poderos&#237;ssima na defini&#231;&#227;o do estado de sa&#250;de de uma maneira geral na popula&#231;&#227;o, seja em indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis ou com doen&#231;a cardiovascular, superando outras vari&#225;veis no valor progn&#243;stico, como a presen&#231;a de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica ao eletrocardiograma no esfor&#231;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Essa an&#225;lise leva em conta o funcionamento integrado dos sistemas cardiovascular, respirat&#243;rio, metab&#243;lico e biomec&#226;nico.</p>
		<p>Na pr&#225;tica di&#225;ria da cardiologia, nos consult&#243;rios, a cardiologia preventiva e a cardiologia do esporte t&#234;m ganhado bastante import&#226;ncia como motivo de procura da popula&#231;&#227;o ao m&#233;dico. No arsenal de exames e avalia&#231;&#245;es, a ACR deve estar entre as principais medidas devido ao seu importante valor progn&#243;stico. O sedentarismo representa um dos maiores males para a sa&#250;de e &#233; um importante fator de risco para doen&#231;as cardiovasculares e mortes em geral.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> O teste de esfor&#231;o, principalmente o teste cardiopulmonar (TCP) &#233; a principal ferramenta na avalia&#231;&#227;o da ACR. A refer&#234;ncia para a classifica&#231;&#227;o de um indiv&#237;duo em rela&#231;&#227;o a sua ACR deve estar de acordo com a popula&#231;&#227;o na qual estamos avaliando. Por muitos anos, em nosso pa&#237;s, utilizamos valores de refer&#234;ncias de outras popula&#231;&#245;es, de outros pa&#237;ses, para classificarmos nossos indiv&#237;duos. V&#225;rios pesquisadores buscaram em nossas casu&#237;sticas nacionais par&#226;metros relativos &#224; ACR e equa&#231;&#245;es de predi&#231;&#227;o de VO<sub>2</sub>. Em 2011, nosso grupo descreveu valores de refer&#234;ncia em uma popula&#231;&#227;o de 3.992 indiv&#237;duos de ambos os sexos, ativos e sedent&#225;rios, e, a partir desta popula&#231;&#227;o, apresentamos pela primeira vez uma proposta de classifica&#231;&#227;o da ACR com base em dados de 2.837 pessoas fisicamente ativas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Almeida et al., utilizando dados de 2.495 indiv&#237;duos, desenvolveram uma equa&#231;&#227;o de predi&#231;&#227;o de VO<sub>2</sub> de grande utilidade para os laborat&#243;rios de TCP nacionais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
		<p>Nessa robusta compila&#231;&#227;o de Rossi Neto et al., em que 18.186 indiv&#237;duos realizam TCP em um per&#237;odo de 16 anos, nova proposta nacional de ACR foi apresentada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup>An&#225;lise da distribui&#231;&#227;o dos valores de VO<sub>2</sub> ao longo das faixas et&#225;rias em ambos os sexos mostra uma redu&#231;&#227;o gradativa com o progredir dos anos. A idade entre 30 e 49 anos teve a maioria dos participantes mostrando a realidade da popula&#231;&#227;o que busca as cl&#237;nicas para realiza&#231;&#227;o de <italic>check-up</italic> de sa&#250;de. A proposta apresentada usa a m&#233;dia populacional da amostra para elabora&#231;&#227;o dos diferentes n&#237;veis de ACR em uma popula&#231;&#227;o ampla de menores de 19 at&#233; 79 anos. Percebemos uma distribui&#231;&#227;o muito semelhante dos n&#237;veis <italic>muito ruim, ruim, regular</italic> e <italic>bom</italic>. Em menor n&#250;mero, em torno de 10%, temos os mais bem condicionados. Nota-se que nem mesmo a classifica&#231;&#227;o excelente ou superior est&#225; acima da m&#233;dia, e tamb&#233;m n&#227;o temos informa&#231;&#245;es quanto ao n&#250;mero de sedent&#225;rios ou ativos da amostra. O presente estudo tamb&#233;m tentou fazer compara&#231;&#245;es com outras s&#233;ries, como Cooper e o estudo FRIEND, mas as diferen&#231;as na popula&#231;&#227;o e a dificuldade de acesso aos dados amostrais desses estudos dificultam uma completa compara&#231;&#227;o. Os valores de VO<sub>2</sub> m&#225;ximo de Cooper n&#227;o s&#227;o adequados para a compara&#231;&#227;o, por serem obtidos de forma indireta.</p>
		<p>Uma das grandes utilidades das classifica&#231;&#245;es da ACR &#233; situar o indiv&#237;duo testado quanto ao seu estado de aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica frente &#224;s pessoas de sua faixa et&#225;ria. Em uma compara&#231;&#227;o, podemos situar o estado funcional (idade biol&#243;gica) diante de um valor de ACR relativo a uma determinada faixa et&#225;ria (idade cronol&#243;gica). Essa informa&#231;&#227;o pode ser uma valios&#237;ssima ferramenta no aconselhamento para a pr&#225;tica de exerc&#237;cios e combate ao sedentarismo.</p>
		<p>Por ser uma grande amostra de uma cidade muito populosa e muito miscigenada, o presente estudo oferece mais uma possibilidade de classifica&#231;&#227;o &#224;s propostas j&#225; existentes de ACR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Em conjunto com os estudos anteriores de refer&#234;ncia em TCP, o presente estudo coloca nosso pa&#237;s entre os l&#237;deres na execu&#231;&#227;o do TCP, em que dados nacionais robustos e bastante representativos de diversas regi&#245;es podem ser utilizados para correta an&#225;lise e classifica&#231;&#227;o dessa importante informa&#231;&#227;o biol&#243;gica, que &#233; a aptid&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria.</p>
	</body>
	<back>
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		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<p><italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Categorias de Aptid&#227;o F&#237;sica Baseadas no VO<sub>2</sub>max em Popula&#231;&#227;o Brasileira com Suposto Alto N&#237;vel Socioecon&#244;mico e sem Cardiopatia Estrutural</italic></p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
		<front-stub>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Short Editorial</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Oxygen Consumption and Cardiorespiratory Fitness. The Difference between Chronological and Biological Age</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9263-5916</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Herdy</surname>
						<given-names>Artur Haddad</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Assis</surname>
						<given-names>Amberson Vieira</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1001">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina &#8211; Cardiologia, S&#227;o Jos&#233;, SC &#8211; Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Address:</bold> Artur Haddad Herdy &#8226; Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina &#8211; Cardiologia - Rua Dolfo Donato. Postal Code 88103-901, S&#227;o Jos&#233;, SC &#8211; Brazil E-mail: arherdy@cardiosport.com.br </corresp>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>Motor Activity</kwd>
				<kwd>Exercise</kwd>
				<kwd>Social Class</kwd>
				<kwd>Endurance Training</kwd>
				<kwd>Physical Endurance</kwd>
				<kwd>Healthy Lifestyle</kwd>
				<kwd>Sedentarism</kwd>
				<kwd>Myocardial Ischemia/prevention and control</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>Oxygen is undoubtedly one of the main elements for the life of an aerobic organism. Animals with more complex structures, including humans, developed oxidative metabolism in the evolutionary process as the main source of energy production. Therefore, our ability to consume and use oxygen represents our main power plant and is closely associated with our vitality. Its measurement should undoubtedly be considered as another vital sign. When assessing athletes or people with severe pathologies, oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2</sub>) is an important marker of performance or survival<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup>. VO<sub>2</sub> also defines essential therapies in critically-ill patients with CHF. In a series of 715 patients referred for heart transplantation, the event-free survival, such as death and transplantation in one year, was 87% with VO<sub>2</sub> &gt; 14, 77% between 10.1 and 14, and 65% when VO<sub>2</sub> &#8804; 10 mL/kg.min.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> On the other hand, values above 20 mL/kg.min are considered to have a better prognosis and may continue with the pharmacological therapy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Recently, in the current coronavirus-19 pandemic (Sars-CoV-2), the value of arterial oxygen levels showed to be an important tool in the assessment of the severity of these patients. In the initial cases of lung injury, patients were relatively well, despite oxygen desaturation, which is not very responsive to oxygen therapy, in a clear gap between the severity of hypoxemia and symptoms, which has been described as &#8220;Happy hypoxemia&#8221;. The early monitoring of oxygen saturation since the home phase allowed the anticipation of the dyspnea onset, which already represents an indication of the advanced stage of pulmonary impairment and the imminent need for oxygen supplementation and/or invasive ventilation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
			<p>The evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) or functional capacity to exercise is a very powerful tool in the definition of the general health status in the population, whether in healthy individuals or those with cardiovascular disease, surpassing other variables regarding the prognostic value, such as the presence of myocardial ischemia at the electrocardiogram during exercise.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> It takes into account the integrated function of the cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic and biomechanical systems.</p>
			<p>In the daily practice of cardiology, in medical offices, preventive cardiology and sports cardiology have gained considerable importance, as a reason for the population to seek medical attention. In the arsenal of exams and evaluations, CRF should be among the main measures, due to its important prognostic value. A sedentary lifestyle represents one of the greatest health problems and is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and death in general.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> The exercise test, mainly the cardiopulmonary test (CPT) is the main tool for the evaluation of CRF. The reference for the classification of an individual in relation to his CRF must be in accordance with the population in which we are evaluating. For many years, in our country, we have used reference values obtained from other populations, from other countries, to classify our individuals. Several researchers searched our national series for parameters related to CRF and VO<sub>2</sub> prediction equations. In 2011, our group described reference values in a population of 3,992 individuals of both genders, active and sedentary ones, and based on that population we presented for the first time a proposal for the classification of CRF based on data from 2,837 physically active individuals.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Almeida et al, using data from 2,495 individuals, developed a VO<sub>2</sub> prediction equation that is very useful for national CPT laboratories.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
			<p>In this robust compilation by Rossi Neto et al, where 18,186 individuals performed CPT over a 16-year period, a new national proposal for CRF was presented.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> The analysis of the distribution of VO<sub>2</sub> values over the age groups in both genders shows a gradual reduction with aging. The age group between 30 and 49 years had the vast majority of participants, showing the reality of the population that seeks clinics to undergo health check-ups. The presented proposal uses the population average of the sample to create the different levels of CRF in a large population sample aged from 19 to 79 years old. We noticed a remarkably similar distribution of the very bad, bad, regular and good levels. At a smaller number, around 10% have the best fitness. It was observed that the neither excellent nor higher classification is above average, and we also do not have information on the number of sedentary or active individuals in the sample. The present study also tried to make comparisons with other series, such as Cooper and the FRIEND study, but the differences in the population and the difficulty in gaining access to the sample data of these studies makes a complete comparison difficult. Cooper&#8217;s maximum VO<sub>2</sub> values are not suitable for comparison because they are obtained indirectly.</p>
			<p>One of the great uses of the CRF classifications is to situate the tested individuals in terms of their physical fitness status in relation to people from their age group. In a comparison, we can situate the functional status (biological age) against a CRF value related to a given age group (chronological age). This information can be a very valuable tool when counseling about the practice of exercises and fighting a sedentary lifestyle.</p>
			<p>As this is a large sample from a very densely inhabited and very mixed-race city, the present study offers yet another possibility to classify the existing CRF proposals.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Together with the previous reference studies in CPT, the present study places our country among the leaders in the performance of CPT, where robust national data and very representative of different regions can be used for the correct analysis and classification of this important biological information, which is cardiorespiratory fitness.</p>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<p><italic>Short Editorial related to the article: VO2max-Based Physical Fitness Categories in a Brazilian Population with Supposed High Socioeconomic Status and without Structural Heart Disease</italic></p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>
