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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">C7pW53pYhMDXs9k6wM4QL6S</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2020000900238</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200640</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200640</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Seria a Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o Completa Verdadeiramente Superior &#224; ICP apenas da Les&#227;o Culpada em Pacientes que Apresentam Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio com Supradesnivelamento do Segmento ST?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0758-5174</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Christina Gr&#252;ne de Souza e</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica de Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica de Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio &#8211; CLINIMEX, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Christina de Souza e Silva &#8226; Rua Siqueira Campos 93. CEP 22031-072, Copacabana, RJ &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>christina.g.dss@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>115</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>238</fpage>
      <lpage>240</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio com Supradesnivelamento do Segmento ST</kwd>
        <kwd>Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Interven&#231;&#227;o Coronariana Percut&#226;nea</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="11"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea prim&#225;ria (ICP) &#233; uma terapia padr&#227;o para pacientes com infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST) e seu objetivo &#233; restaurar o fluxo sangu&#237;neo para a art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria considerada causadora do infarto do mioc&#225;rdio (conhecida como art&#233;ria culpada). Em at&#233; metade desses pacientes, estenoses importantes em uma ou mais art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias que n&#227;o s&#227;o respons&#225;veis pelo infarto do mioc&#225;rdio (les&#245;es n&#227;o-culpadas) tamb&#233;m podem ser vistas durante a angiografia-&#237;ndice.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Como os pacientes com IAMCSST e doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) multiarterial t&#234;m piores resultados cl&#237;nicos em compara&#231;&#227;o com pacientes com doen&#231;a uniarterial, questionou-se se o tratamento por ICP de todas as les&#245;es n&#227;o-culpadas significativas ap&#243;s a ICP prim&#225;ria (revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa) poderia melhorar o progn&#243;stico.</p>
    <p>Uma s&#233;rie de ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados (ECR) abordaram esse t&#243;pico, comparando os resultados de pacientes com IAMCSST e DAC multiarterial que foram submetidos a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa <italic>versus</italic> tratamento por ICP somente da les&#227;o culpada (revasculariza&#231;&#227;o incompleta). Anteriormente, ECRs<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> de tamanho intermedi&#225;rio mostraram que a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa &#233; segura e reduz o risco de desfechos compostos, com resultados impulsionados predominantemente pela diminui&#231;&#227;o do risco de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o subsequente. Recentemente, o estudo COMPLETE ( <italic>Complete versus Culprit-Only Revascularization Strategies to Treat Multivessel Disease after Early Percutaneous Coronary Intervention [PCI] for STEMI</italic> ),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> um ECR maior, mostrou que o risco do desfecho composto por morte cardiovascular ou infarto do mioc&#225;rdio recorrente foi menor no grupo de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa do que no grupo de ICP apenas da les&#227;o culpada em pacientes com IAMCSST, com esse benef&#237;cio tendo sido impulsionado por uma redu&#231;&#227;o de novo infarto. Al&#233;m disso, na maior meta-an&#225;lise de ECRs realizada at&#233; o momento abordando este t&#243;pico,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa foi associada a uma redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade cardiovascular em compara&#231;&#227;o com a ICP apenas da les&#227;o culpada em pacientes com IAMCSST e DAC multiarterial sem choque cardiog&#234;nico &#224; apresenta&#231;&#227;o ( <italic>odds ratio</italic> , 0,69; intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95% [IC95%], 0,48-0,99; p = 0,05).</p>
    <p>Entretanto, para fornecer uma base de evid&#234;ncias balanceada para a tomada de decis&#227;o cl&#237;nica, os resultados de estudos observacionais devem complementar aqueles obtidos no ECR. Embora seja geralmente aceito que os ECRs s&#227;o o &#8220;padr&#227;o ouro&#8221; para avalia&#231;&#227;o de terapias m&#233;dicas, eles tendem a avaliar interven&#231;&#245;es em condi&#231;&#245;es ideais em popula&#231;&#245;es altamente selecionadas, limitando a generaliza&#231;&#227;o de seus resultados &#224; pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.</p>
    <p>Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Cadore et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> apresentam os resultados de um estudo observacional conduzido em dois hospitais brasileiros comparando a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa <italic>versus</italic> ICP apenas da les&#227;o culpada em pacientes com IAMCSST e DAC multiarterial. De um total de 85 pacientes que tinham les&#245;es n&#227;o-culpadas com estenose de pelo menos 70% na estimativa visual (72% do sexo masculino, m&#233;dia de idade de 62 anos), 58 pacientes (68%) foram submetidos &#224; revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa. No grupo de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa, a minoria dos pacientes (10%) foi submetida &#224; ICP da les&#227;o culpada durante o procedimento &#237;ndice de ICP para IAMCSST, enquanto 52 pacientes (90%) foram submetidos &#224; revasculariza&#231;&#227;o estadiada (isto &#233;, ICP durante um procedimento separado do procedimento de ICP &#237;ndice para IAMCSST), com tempo m&#233;dio entre os procedimentos de 13 dias. Ap&#243;s um ano de seguimento, 8% dos pacientes morreram. O desfecho prim&#225;rio composto (mortalidade cardiovascular, novo infarto do mioc&#225;rdio, angina recorrente) ocorreu em seis pacientes (10%) no grupo de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa, em compara&#231;&#227;o com dez pacientes (37%) no grupo de ICP apenas da les&#227;o culpada ( <italic>odds ratio</italic> , 5,1; IC95%, 1,6-16,1; p = 0,005). Morte por causa cardiovascular ocorreu em dois pacientes (3%) submetidos &#224; revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa em compara&#231;&#227;o com cinco pacientes (19%) submetidos &#224; ICP apenas da les&#227;o culpada ( <italic>odds ratio</italic> , 6,4; IC95%, 1,2-35,3). Acidente vascular cerebral, parada card&#237;aca n&#227;o fatal, sangramento grave ou revasculariza&#231;&#227;o subsequente (o desfecho secund&#225;rio composto) ocorreu em tr&#234;s casos (5%) no grupo de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa em compara&#231;&#227;o com seis casos (22%) no grupo de ICP apenas da les&#227;o culpada ( <italic>odds ratio</italic> , 5,2; IC95%, 1,2-22,9; p = 0,022); entretanto, essa diferen&#231;a n&#227;o foi significativa ap&#243;s o ajuste para poss&#237;veis confundidores.</p>
    <p>Embora o estudo acima mencionado forne&#231;a resultados otimistas que favorecem a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa, estudos observacionais maiores que abordaram a quest&#227;o discutida mostraram resultados conflitantes. Ao analisar os dados do <italic>National Cardiovascular Data Registry</italic> , Cavender et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> verificaram que as taxas gerais de mortalidade hospitalar eram maiores em pacientes submetidos a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa (7,9% vs. 5,1%, p &lt;0,01), mesmo em pacientes com choque cardiog&#234;nico. Da maneira similar, a an&#225;lise do registro EUROTRANSFER<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> mostrou que os pacientes submetidos &#224; ICP de les&#227;o n&#227;o-culpada apresentavam maior risco de morte em 30 dias e 1 ano em compara&#231;&#227;o aos pacientes com ICP apenas da les&#227;o culpada, embora essa diferen&#231;a na mortalidade n&#227;o fosse mais significativa ap&#243;s ajuste para potenciais covari&#225;veis. Por outro lado, Dimitriu-Leen et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> observaram que a taxa de mortalidade em 1 ano de seguimento foi significativamente maior nos pacientes tratados com revasculariza&#231;&#227;o incompleta em compara&#231;&#227;o aos pacientes submetidos &#224; revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa (9,8% vs. 4,3%, respectivamente, p = 0,02). Entretanto, ap&#243;s a an&#225;lise por regress&#227;o de Cox multivariada, a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o incompleta n&#227;o mostrou uma associa&#231;&#227;o independente com o aumento da mortalidade por todas as causas.</p>
    <p>Considerando os resultados apresentados acima, poder&#237;amos concluir que pacientes com IAMCSST e DAC multiarterial devem ser submetidos a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa? Antes de responder a essa pergunta, alguns problemas encontrados nos estudos que abordam esse t&#243;pico devem ser ressaltados. Primeiro, h&#225; uma grande heterogeneidade nos protocolos adotados entre os ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados e estudos observacionais que comparam a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa <italic>versus</italic> a ICP apenas da les&#227;o culpada, principalmente em rela&#231;&#227;o ao momento da ICP das les&#245;es n&#227;o-culpadas &#8211; durante o procedimento de ICP &#237;ndice ou como revasculariza&#231;&#227;o estadiada, e os crit&#233;rios utilizados para definir estenose significativa - 50% ou 70% determinados visualmente ou guiados pela medida da reserva de fluxo fracionada, o que dificulta a comparabilidade entre os resultados relatados. Segundo, principalmente em rela&#231;&#227;o ao ECR, deve-se levar em considera&#231;&#227;o a possibilidade de vi&#233;s de publica&#231;&#227;o, quando estudos com resultados estatisticamente significativos t&#234;m um aumento da probabilidade de serem publicados, neste caso, favorecendo a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa. Terceiro, particularmente em rela&#231;&#227;o ao artigo publicado nesta edi&#231;&#227;o da revista Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, estudos com pequena amostra apresentam maior risco de certos tipos de vi&#233;s, o que pode alterar significativamente seus achados, favorecendo uma ou outra estrat&#233;gia e, portanto, estudos observacionais maiores ainda s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para confirmar os achados de Cadore et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, embora alguns poucos estudos tenham mostrado diferen&#231;as em desfechos duros, como infarto do mioc&#225;rdio e morte cardiovascular, favorecendo a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa, a maioria n&#227;o mostra diferen&#231;a na mortalidade por todas as causas, o que pode sugerir que outras causas de morte potencialmente associadas aos procedimentos de ICP, como infec&#231;&#227;o, podem n&#227;o ter sido consideradas.</p>
    <p>Finalmente, o tratamento de les&#245;es n&#227;o-culpadas com ICP no IAMCSST poderia ser discutido em um contexto mais amplo, com base no impacto da revasculariza&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea de les&#245;es est&#225;veis. Evid&#234;ncias recentes fornecidas pelo estudo ISCHEMIA ( <italic>International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches</italic> )<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> mostraram que em pacientes com doen&#231;a coronariana est&#225;vel que apresentavam isquemia moderada ou grave, uma estrat&#233;gia invasiva inicial, em compara&#231;&#227;o com uma estrat&#233;gia conservadora inicial, n&#227;o reduziu as taxas do desfecho prim&#225;rio composto morte cardiovascular, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio ou hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por angina inst&#225;vel, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca ou parada card&#237;aca n&#227;o fatal. Portanto, embora pacientes e m&#233;dicos se sintam mais &#224; vontade com a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de todas as estenoses coron&#225;rias do que com a terapia medicamentosa, s&#227;o necess&#225;rios mais dados dos ECRs e dos estudos observacionais para avaliar se a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa fornece benef&#237;cios adicionais sobre a ICP apenas da les&#227;o culpada em pacientes com IAMCSST e DAC multiarterial. Por enquanto, uma abordagem razo&#225;vel deve incorporar o julgamento cl&#237;nico e qualquer benef&#237;cio da revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de les&#245;es em art&#233;rias n&#227;o-culpadas deve ser contrabalan&#231;ado por poss&#237;veis desvantagens dos procedimentos de ICP adicionais.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o Completa Versus Tratamento da Art&#233;ria Culpada no Infarto com Supradesnivelamento do Segmento ST: Registro Multic&#234;ntrico</italic>
        </p>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Is Complete Revascularization Truly Superior to Culprit-Lesion-Only PCI in Patients Presenting with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0758-5174</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Christina Gr&#252;ne de Souza e</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica de Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio &#8211; CLINIMEX, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Christina de Souza e Silva &#8226; Rua Siqueira Campos 93. Postal Code 22031-072, Copacabana, RJ &#8211; Brazil E-mail: christina.g.dss@gmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Revascularization</kwd>
        <kwd>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a standard therapy for patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and its goal is to restore blood flow to the coronary artery that is judged to be causing the myocardial infarction (known as the culprit artery). In up to half of such patients, major stenoses in one or more coronary arteries that are not responsible for the myocardial infarction (nonculprit lesions) may also be seen during the index angiography.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Since patients with acute STEMI and multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) have worse clinical outcomes compared with patients with single-vessel disease, it has been questioned if PCI treatment of all significant nonculprit lesions following primary PCI (complete revascularization) could improve prognosis.</p>
      <p>A number of randomized clinical trials (RCT) have addressed this topic by comparing outcomes of patients with STEMI and multivessel CAD who underwent complete revascularization versus treatment of the culprit-lesion-only PCI (incomplete revascularization). Previously, intermediate-sized RCT<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> have shown that complete revascularization is safe and reduces the risk of composite outcomes, with results driven predominantly by the decreased risk of subsequent revascularization. Recently, the COMPLETE (Complete versus Culprit-Only Revascularization Strategies to Treat Multivessel Disease after Early Percutaneous Coronary Intervention [PCI] for STEMI) trial,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> a larger RCT, showed that the risk of the composite outcome death from cardiovascular causes or recurrent myocardial infarction was lower in the complete revascularization group than in the culprit-lesion-only PCI group in patients presenting with STEMI, this benefit been driven by a reduction in new myocardial infarction. Moreover, in the largest meta-analysis of RCT performed to date addressing this topic,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> complete revascularization was associated with a reduction in cardiovascular mortality compared with culprit-lesion-only PCI in patients with STEMI and multivessel CAD without cardiogenic shock at presentation (odds ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-0.99; p=0.05).</p>
      <p>However, in order to provide balanced evidence base for clinical decision making, results from observational studies should complement the ones obtained from RCT. Although it is generally accepted that RCT are the &#8220;gold standard&#8221; for evaluation of medical therapies, these tend to evaluate interventions under ideal conditions among highly selected populations, limiting its provided evidence generalizability to clinical practice.</p>
      <p>In this issue of the journal <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> , Cadore et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> presents results from an observational study conducted in two Brazilian hospitals comparing complete revascularization vs. culprit-lesion-only PCI in patients with STEMI and multivessel CAD. From a total of 85 patients who had nonculprit lesions with stenosis of at least 70% on visual estimation (72% male, mean age of 62 years), 58 patients (68%) underwent complete revascularization. In the complete revascularization group, the minority of patients (10%) underwent nonculprit lesion PCI during the index PCI procedure for STEMI, while 52 patients (90%) underwent staged revascularization (i.e., PCI during a procedure separate from the index PCI procedure for STEMI), with a mean time between procedures of 13 days. After one year of follow-up, 8% of patients died. Primary composite outcome (cardiovascular mortality, new myocardial infarction, recurrent angina) had occurred in six patients (10%) in the complete revascularization group as compared with ten patients (37%) in the culprit-lesion-only PCI group (odds ratio, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 16.1; p=0.005). Death due to cardiovascular causes occurred in two patients (3%) who underwent complete revascularization compared to five patients (19%) who underwent culprit-lesion-only PCI (odds ratio, 6.4; 95% CI, 1.2 to 35.3). Stroke, non-fatal cardiac arrest, major bleeding, or subsequent revascularization (the second composite outcome), occurred in three (5%) in the complete revascularization group as compared with six patients (22%) in the culprit-lesion-only PCI group (odds ratio, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 22.9; p=0.022); however, this difference was not significant after adjusting for potential cofounders.</p>
      <p>Although the aforementioned study provides optimistic outcomes favoring complete revascularization, larger observational studies that addressed the discussed issue have shown conflicting results. When analyzing data from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry, Cavender et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> found that the overall in-hospital mortality rates were greater in patients undergoing complete revascularization (7.9% vs. 5.1%, p&lt;0.01), even for patients presenting with cardiogenic shock. Similarly, the analysis of the EUROTRANSFER Registry<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> showed that patients who underwent nonculprit lesion PCI were at higher risk of 30-day and 1-year death compared to patients with culprit-lesion-only PCI, although this difference in mortality was no longer significant after adjustment for potential covariates. In contrast, Dimitriu-Leen et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> found that the mortality rate at 1 year of follow-up was significantly higher for patients who were treated with incomplete revascularization compared with patients who underwent complete revascularization (9.8% vs 4.3%, respectively, p=0.02). However, after performing multivariate Cox regression analysis, incomplete revascularization was not independently associated with increased all-cause mortality.</p>
      <p>In view of the results presented above, could we draw the conclusion that patients presenting with STEMI and multivessel CAD should undergo complete revascularization? Before answering this question, some issues found in the studies addressing this topic should be underscored. First, there is a great heterogeneity in the adopted protocols between both RCT and observational studies that compare complete revascularization vs. culprit-lesion-only PCI, mostly regarding to the timing of nonculprit lesion PCI - during the index PCI procedure or as staged revascularization, and the criteria used to define significant stenosis - 50% or 70% visually determined or guided by fractional flow reserve measurement, which hampers the comparability between the reported results. Second, especially regarding to RCT, it should be taken into account the possibility of publication bias, when studies with statistically significant results have increased likelihood of being published, in this case, favoring complete revascularization. Third, particularly regarding to the published article in this issue of the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> journal, small sample studies are of greater risk of certain types of bias that can significantly alter their findings favoring one or another strategy, and, thus, larger observational studies are further needed to confirm Cadore et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> findings. Moreover, although few studies have shown differences in hard outcomes such as myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death favoring complete revascularization, the majority does not show any difference in all-cause mortality, which might suggest that other causes of death potentially associated with PCI procedures, such as infection, might not have been considered.</p>
      <p>Finally, whether to treat nonculprit lesions with PCI in STEMI could be discussed in a larger context, based on the impact of stenting stable lesions. Recent evidence provided by the ISCHEMIA (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches) trial<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> showed that among patients with stable coronary disease who had moderate or severe ischemia, an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, did not reduce the rates of the primary composite outcome death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. Therefore, although patients and clinicians are often more comfortable with revascularization of all suitable coronary stenosis rather than medical therapy, more data from both RCT and observational studies is needed to evaluate if complete revascularization provides additional benefit over culprit-lesion-only PCI in patients with STEMI and multivessel CAD. For now, a reasonable approach should incorporate clinical judgment, and any benefit of revascularization of lesions in nonculprit arteries should be counterbalanced by potential disadvantages of additional PCI procedures.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short editorial related to the article: Complete Revascularization Versus Treatment of the Culprit Artery Only in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Multicenter Registry</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
