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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">KCsFQg3My9NkdY4wChRL6Nd</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2020000900219</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20190062</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20190062</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Compet&#234;ncia Progn&#243;stica Distinta entre Modelo Cl&#237;nico e Anat&#244;mico em S&#237;ndromes Coronarianas Agudas: Compara&#231;&#227;o por Tipo de Desfecho</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9021-7657</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Viana</surname>
            <given-names>Mateus S.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Correia</surname>
            <given-names>Vitor C. A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Felipe M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lacerda</surname>
            <given-names>Yasmin F.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bagano</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela O.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fonseca</surname>
            <given-names>Leticia L.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kertzman</surname>
            <given-names>Lara Q.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Melo</surname>
            <given-names>Milton V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6800-8100</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Noya-Rabelo</surname>
            <given-names>Marcia M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6910-1366</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Correia</surname>
            <given-names>Luis C L</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica,Salvador, BA - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital S&#227;o Rafael</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#227;o Rafael,Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Luis Correia &#8226; Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica &#8211; Av. Princesa Leopoldina, 19/402. CEP 40050-420, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>lccorreia@cardiol.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Viana MS, Correia VCA, Correia LCL; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Viana MS, Correia VCA, Ferreira FM, Lacerda YF, Bagano GO, Fonseca LL, Kertzman LQ, Melo MV, Noya-Rabelo MM; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Viana MS, Correia VCA, Ferreira FM, Lacerda YF, Bagano GO; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Viana MS, Correia VCA, Ferreira FM, Lacerda YF, Fonseca LL, Kertzman LQ, Melo MV, Noya-Rabelo MM, Correia LCL; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Viana MS, Correia VCA, Ferreira FM, Lacerda YF, Bagano GO, Fonseca LL, Kertzman LQ, Melo MV, Noya-Rabelo MM, Correia LCL.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>115</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>219</fpage>
      <lpage>225</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p> Eventos isqu&#234;micos recorrentes decorrem de instabilidade de placa ateroscler&#243;tica, enquanto morte ap&#243;s um evento isqu&#234;mico decorre da gravidade do insulto. A natureza diversa desses tipos de eventos pode fazer com que dados cl&#237;nicos e anat&#244;micos tenham diferentes capacidades progn&#243;sticas a depender do tipo de desfecho.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo</title>
          <p> Identificar as predile&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas de dados cl&#237;nicos e dados anat&#244;micos em rela&#231;&#227;o a desfechos coron&#225;rios fatais e n&#227;o fatais durante hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com s&#237;ndromes coronarianas agudas (SCA).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p> Pacientes consecutivamente admitidos por SCA que realizaram coronariografia foram recrutados. O escore SYNTAX foi utilizado como modelo anat&#244;mico e o escore GRACE como modelo cl&#237;nico. A capacidade preditora desses escores foi comparada quando &#224; predi&#231;&#227;o de desfechos isqu&#234;micos n&#227;o fatais (infarto ou angina refrat&#225;ria) e de morte cardiovascular durante hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o. Signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica foi definida por p &lt; 0,05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p> Entre 365 indiv&#237;duos, 4,4% foi a incid&#234;ncia de &#243;bito hospitalar e 11% de desfechos isqu&#234;micos n&#227;o fatais. Para morte cardiovascular, ambos os escores &#8212; SYNTAX e GRACE &#8212; apresentaram capacidade discriminat&#243;ria, com estat&#237;sticas-C similares: 0,80 (95%IC: 0,70&#8211;0,92) e 0,89 (95%IC 0,81&#8211;0,96), respectivamente &#8212; p=0,19. Quantos aos desfechos isqu&#234;micos n&#227;o fatais, o escore SYNTAX apresentou valor preditor (estat&#237;stica-C = 0,64; 95%IC 0,55&#8211;0,73), por&#233;m o escore GRACE n&#227;o mostrou associa&#231;&#227;o com esse tipo de desfecho (estat&#237;stica-C = 0,50; 95%IC: 0,40&#8211;0,61) &#8212; p=0,027.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
          <p> Os modelos cl&#237;nico e anat&#244;mico predizem satisfatoriamente morte cardiovascular em SCA, enquanto a recorr&#234;ncia de instabilidade coron&#225;ria &#233; melhor prevista por caracter&#237;sticas anat&#244;micas do que por dados cl&#237;nicos. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):219-225)</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Aterosclerose</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/preven&#231;&#227;o e Controle</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Progn&#243;stico</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="6"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="22"/>
        <page-count count="7"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Modelos multivariados t&#234;m sido validados como ferramentas progn&#243;sticas em s&#237;ndromes coronarianas agudas (SCA), constitu&#237;dos por dados cl&#237;nicos,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> por dados anat&#244;micos<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> ou pela combina&#231;&#227;o dos dois.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Esses modelos t&#234;m valor preditor reconhecido quanto a eventos recorrentes, por&#233;m n&#227;o est&#225; claro se o valor progn&#243;stico varia a depender do tipo de desfecho.</p>
      <p>Eventos isqu&#234;micos recorrentes n&#227;o fatais representam o fen&#244;meno de instabilidade de placa ateroscler&#243;tica, enquanto morte ap&#243;s um evento isqu&#234;mico decorre da gravidade do insulto e da resist&#234;ncia do organismo. A diferente natureza fisiopatol&#243;gica desses tipos de eventos pode fazer com que dados cl&#237;nicos e anat&#244;micos tenham diferentes capacidades progn&#243;sticas a depender do tipo de desfecho. Caso isso seja verdade, a generaliza&#231;&#227;o do valor progn&#243;stico quanto a &#8220;desfechos cardiovasculares&#8221; ficaria comprometida, fazendo-se necess&#225;ria uma individualiza&#231;&#227;o da predi&#231;&#227;o de cada modelo para o tipo de desfecho.</p>
      <p>Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar e de comparar o valor progn&#243;stico de dados cl&#237;nicos e anat&#244;micos em rela&#231;&#227;o a desfechos fatais e n&#227;o fatais em pacientes com SCA. Dessa forma, foi utilizada uma coorte hospitalar de pacientes admitidos nessas condi&#231;&#245;es, sendo o escore GRACE escolhido como representante da predi&#231;&#227;o para dados cl&#237;nicos e o escore SYNTAX utilizado como preditor com base na anatomia.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Metodologia</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Sele&#231;&#227;o da Popula&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Foram selecionados indiv&#237;duos consecutivamente admitidos na Unidade Cardiovascular Intensiva de hospital terci&#225;rio entre julho de 2007 a setembro de 2014, com diagn&#243;stico de SCA. O crit&#233;rio de inclus&#227;o foi definido por desconforto precordial t&#237;pico ou equivalente e em repouso nas &#250;ltimas 48 horas, associado a pelo menos uma das seguintes caracter&#237;sticas: 1) marcador de necrose mioc&#225;rdica positivo, definido por troponina T &#8805; 0,01 &#956;g/L ou troponina I &#8805; 0,034 &#956;g/L, o que correspondem a valores acima do percentil 99;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> 2) altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas isqu&#234;micas, consistindo em invers&#227;o de onda T (&#8805; 0,1 mV) ou desvio do segmento ST (&#8805; 0,05 mV); 3) doen&#231;a arterial coronariana documentada, definida por hist&#243;ria de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio ou angiografia pr&#233;via demonstrando obstru&#231;&#227;o coronariana &#8805; 50% do di&#226;metro luminal. Al&#233;m disso, para inclus&#227;o na an&#225;lise, os pacientes precisavam ter sido submetidos a procedimento de coronariografia durante o internamento. Foram exclu&#237;dos aqueles que discordaram em participar do registro e/ou submetidos previamente a procedimento de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica do mioc&#225;rdio. O protocolo est&#225; em conformidade com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki e foi liberado pelos Comit&#234;s de &#201;tica em Pesquisa das Institui&#231;&#245;es. Todos os pacientes assinaram termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Escores Preditores (SYNTAX e GRACE)</title>
        <p>O c&#225;lculo do escore SYNTAX foi feito por um cardiologista intervencionista experiente e cego para o quadro cl&#237;nico e para os desfechos. Este m&#233;dico avaliou cada obstru&#231;&#227;o da &#225;rvore coronariana com percentual de obstru&#231;&#227;o &#8805; 50% em vasos com di&#226;metro &#8805; 1,5 mm, seguindo o tutorial do escore SYNTAX<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> e levando em considera&#231;&#227;o diversos par&#226;metros angiogr&#225;ficos.</p>
        <p>O escore GRACE foi calculado na admiss&#227;o dos pacientes, consistindo de oito vari&#225;veis: cinco delas computadas de forma semiquantitativa, ou seja, diferente peso para cada estrato de idade, press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica, frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, creatinina plasm&#225;tica e classe de Killip; tr&#234;s delas s&#227;o computadas de forma dicot&#244;mica, sendo o infradesn&#237;vel do segmento ST, eleva&#231;&#227;o de marcador de necrose mioc&#225;rdica e parada card&#237;aca na admiss&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Desfechos Cl&#237;nicos Hospitalares</title>
        <p>Os escores foram testados em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; predi&#231;&#227;o de dois tipos de desfechos hospitalares, com diferentes conota&#231;&#245;es: (1) desfechos coron&#225;rios recorrentes n&#227;o fatais (infarto, reinfarto ou angina refrat&#225;ria), que representam a complexidade do processo de instabiliza&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria; (2) &#243;bito cardiovascular, que representa a incapacidade do organismo de se adaptar ao evento mioc&#225;rdico isqu&#234;mico.</p>
        <p>Registrou-se infarto n&#227;o fatal como a eleva&#231;&#227;o consistente de troponina T ou I, acima dos limites previamente descritos, em pacientes cujos valores estavam negativos nas primeiras 24 horas. Para pacientes com infarto na admiss&#227;o, um novo pico de CK-MB (&#8805; 50% do valor pr&#233;vio e acima do valor normal) foi necess&#225;rio para a defini&#231;&#227;o de um reinfarto. Eleva&#231;&#227;o de marcadores de necrose relacionados ao procedimento percut&#226;neo ou cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o foram registrados como um novo evento. Definiu-se angina refrat&#225;ria como dor precordial recorrente, com pelo menos dois epis&#243;dios, a despeito do uso de nitrato e controle do duplo produto. Definiu-se morte cardiovascular como morte s&#250;bita ou internamento cardiovascular seguido de morte.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise dos Dados</title>
        <p>Vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram expressas em porcentagem. Vari&#225;veis num&#233;ricas foram expressas em m&#233;dia e desvio-padr&#227;o ou mediana e intervalo interquartil nos casos de fuga importante &#224; distribui&#231;&#227;o normal. Analisou-se a normalidade das vari&#225;veis atrav&#233;s do teste estat&#237;stico de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Vari&#225;veis num&#233;ricas foram comparadas com teste <italic>t</italic> de Student n&#227;o pareado ou Mann-Whitney e categ&#243;ricas com teste do qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher.</p>
        <p>Foram constru&#237;das curvas <italic>Receiver Operating Characteristic</italic> (ROC) dos valores dos escores GRACE e SYNTAX para predi&#231;&#227;o dos desfechos de eventos recorrentes n&#227;o fatais e &#243;bito cardiovascular, sendo as &#225;reas abaixo da curva (estat&#237;stica-C) comparadas pelo teste de Hanley-McNeil. Signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica foi definida por p &lt; 0,05. SPSS Statistical Software (vers&#227;o 21.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, EUA) e MedCalc Software (vers&#227;o 12.3.0.0, Mariakerke, B&#233;lgica) foram utilizados para an&#225;lise dos dados.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>C&#225;lculo do Tamanho Amostral</title>
        <p>A amostra foi dimensionada para oferecer poder estat&#237;stico para a compara&#231;&#227;o das estat&#237;sticas-C do SYNTAX versus GRACE: para obter um poder estat&#237;stico de 80% (alfa uni-caudal de 0,05) na detec&#231;&#227;o de 0,05 de superioridade da estat&#237;stica-C (por exemplo, 0,65 versus 0,70), seria necess&#225;rio incluir 192 pacientes na an&#225;lise.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Descri&#231;&#227;o da Amostra</title>
        <p>Durante o per&#237;odo do estudo, foram inclu&#237;dos no registro 822 pacientes, sendo que 370 foram submetidos a procedimento de coronariografia, sendo 5 exclu&#237;dos pois possu&#237;am cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via. Dos 365 pacientes analisados, a m&#233;dia de idade foi de 64 &#177; 14 anos, com 58% indiv&#237;duos do sexo masculino, sendo 19% portadores de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento de segmento ST. Doen&#231;a coronariana com comprometimento triarterial ou de tronco de coron&#225;ria esquerda esteve presente em 36% da amostra.</p>
        <p>A mediana do escore SYNTAX foi de 9 (IIQ = 2,5&#8211;20) e do GRACE foi de 117 (IIQ = 90&#8211;144). Ao analisarmos os tercis de risco previstos no escore SYNTAX,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> 81% dos pacientes apresentou valor baixo (0 a 22), 10% demonstrou valor intermedi&#225;rio (23 a 32) e apenas 8,5% apresentou valor elevado (&#8805; 33). Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao escore GRACE,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> 44% apresentaram risco baixo (&lt; 109), 28% risco intermedi&#225;rio (110 a 139) e 29% alto risco (&#8805; 140).</p>
        <p>A incid&#234;ncia de &#243;bito cardiovascular durante a interna&#231;&#227;o foi 4,4% (16 pacientes) e de eventos isqu&#234;micos n&#227;o fatais foi 10,7% (39 pacientes). Demais caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas est&#227;o descritas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> .</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e desfechos na amostra</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="50%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas</th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Tamanho amostral</td>
                  <td align="center">365</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Idade (anos)</td>
                  <td align="center">64 &#177; 14</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sexo masculino</td>
                  <td align="center">210 (58%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Isquemia no eletrocardiograma</td>
                  <td align="center">166 (46%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica Angina inst&#225;vel</td>
                  <td align="center">98 (27%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Infarto sem supradesn&#237;vel do ST</td>
                  <td align="center">196 (54%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Infarto com supradesn&#237;vel do ST</td>
                  <td align="center">71 (19%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Troponina positiva</td>
                  <td align="center">232 (64%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Triarterial ou tronco de coron&#225;ria esquerda</td>
                  <td align="center">131 (36%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Creatinina s&#233;rica (mg/dL)</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0 &#177; 0,7</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o &lt; 45%</td>
                  <td align="center">45 (13%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Classe de Killip &gt; 1</td>
                  <td align="center">51 (14%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escore GRACE *</td>
                  <td align="center">117 (90&#8211;140)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escore SYNTAX *</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (2,5&#8211;20)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&#211;bito cardiovascular</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (4,4%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Eventos recorrentes n&#227;o fatais</td>
                  <td align="center">39 (11%)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1">
                <p>
                  <italic>IAMSSST: Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio Sem Supradesn&#237;vel do Segmento ST; IAMCSST: Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio Com Supradesn&#237;vel do Segmento ST; *: vari&#225;vel exposta como mediana e intervalo interquartil.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Predi&#231;&#227;o de Desfechos por Escore</title>
        <p>Para o desfecho &#243;bito cardiovascular, ambos os escores &#8212; SYNTAX e GRACE &#8212; apresentaram capacidade discriminat&#243;ria, com estat&#237;sticas-C similares: 0,80 (95%IC: 0,70&#8211;0,92) e 0,89 (95%IC: 0,81&#8211;0,96), respectivamente &#8212; p=0,19 &#8212; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1A</xref> . Quando os escores foram divididos em tercis de risco, ambos os escores apresentaram aumento de mortalidade no terceiro tercil: respectivamente, 2,4%, 2,7% e 30% no SYNTAX (p &lt; 0,001) e 0%, 0,9% e 12% no GRACE (p &lt; 0,001) &#8211; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref> , pain&#233;is A e B.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; <italic>Estat&#237;stica-C da predi&#231;&#227;o de &#243;bito cardiovascular e eventos recorrentes n&#227;o fatais, evidenciando a acur&#225;cia de cada escore em rela&#231;&#227;o ao tipo de desfecho.</italic></title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-02-0219-90062-gf01.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02">
            <label>Figura 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; <italic>Distribui&#231;&#227;o de desfechos por tercis dos escores SYNTAX e GRACE. Apresentado valor de p &lt; 0,001 no Painel A; p &lt; 0,001 no Painel B; p = 0,007 no Painel C; e p = 0,565 no Painel D.</italic></title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-02-0219-90062-gf02.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos eventos recorrentes n&#227;o fatais, o escore SYNTAX apresentou valor preditor (estat&#237;stica-C = 0,64; 95%IC: 0,55&#8211;0,73), por&#233;m o escore GRACE n&#227;o mostrou associa&#231;&#227;o com esse tipo de desfecho (estat&#237;stica-C = 0,50; 95%IC: 0,40&#8211;0,61) &#8212; p=0,027 &#8212; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1B</xref> . Quando os escores foram divididos em tercis de risco, o SYNTAX apresentou aumento de desfechos nos dois tercis superiores (8,4%, 22% e 22%, respectivamente, p = 0,007), por&#233;m o GRACE n&#227;o apresentou varia&#231;&#227;o (9,6%, 9,3% e 13%, respectivamente, p = 0,57) &#8211; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref> , pain&#233;is C e D.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Caracter&#237;sticas Cl&#237;nicas Versus Tipo de Desfecho</title>
        <p>Pacientes que evolu&#237;ram para &#243;bito apresentaram tend&#234;ncia a caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas de maior risco, comparados aos sobreviventes. Houve diferen&#231;a significativa entre os dois grupos quanto a creatinina (3,24 &#177; 2,6 e 1,15 &#177; 0,6; p &lt; 0,001), sinais de insufici&#234;ncia ventricular esquerda aguda (58% e 12%, p &lt; 0,001) e troponina positiva (100% e 72%, p = 0,007), com tend&#234;ncia a diferen&#231;a em idade, eletrocardiograma isqu&#234;mico e press&#227;o arterial &#8211; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref> . Por outro lado, n&#227;o houve qualquer diferen&#231;a dessas caracter&#237;sticas entre pacientes que evolu&#237;ram com evento n&#227;o fatal versus pacientes livres de evento &#8211; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref> .</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Compara&#231;&#227;o das caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas entre pacientes que apresentaram morte ou sobreviveram ao evento</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="25%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                  <th>&#211;bito</th>
                  <th>Sobrevida</th>
                  <th>Valor de p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Tamanho amostral</td>
                  <td align="center">19</td>
                  <td align="center">346</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Idade</td>
                  <td align="center">78 &#177; 10</td>
                  <td align="center">63 &#177; 13</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica</td>
                  <td align="center">139 &#177; 32</td>
                  <td align="center">153 &#177; 28</td>
                  <td align="center">0,06</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</td>
                  <td align="center">89 &#177; 20</td>
                  <td align="center">79 &#177; 18</td>
                  <td align="center">0,03</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Creatinina</td>
                  <td align="center">3,24 &#177; 2,6</td>
                  <td align="center">1,15 &#177; 0,6</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Killip &gt; 1</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (48%)</td>
                  <td align="center">42 (12%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Troponina positiva</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (100%)</td>
                  <td align="center">248 (72%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,007</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ECG isqu&#234;mico</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (53%)</td>
                  <td align="center">116 (34%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,08</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3">
            <label>Tabela 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Compara&#231;&#227;o das caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas entre pacientes que apresentaram desfecho n&#227;o fatal versus os livres de desfecho</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="25%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th>Desfecho</th>
                  <th>Sem desfecho</th>
                  <th>Valor de p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Tamanho amostral</td>
                  <td align="center">39</td>
                  <td align="center">346</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Idade</td>
                  <td align="center">68 &#177; 13</td>
                  <td align="center">64 &#177; 13</td>
                  <td align="center">0,05</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica</td>
                  <td align="center">159 &#177; 30</td>
                  <td align="center">152 &#177; 28</td>
                  <td align="center">0,15</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</td>
                  <td align="center">74 &#177; 19</td>
                  <td align="center">80 &#177; 18</td>
                  <td align="center">0,06</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Creatinina</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9 &#177; 0,3</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0 &#177; 0,7</td>
                  <td align="center">0,058</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Killip &gt; 1</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (13%)</td>
                  <td align="center">46 (14%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,82</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Troponina positiva</td>
                  <td align="center">30 (77%)</td>
                  <td align="center">237 (73%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,58</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ECG isqu&#234;mico</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (41%)</td>
                  <td align="center">110 (34%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,36</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>Ao avaliarmos o evento &#243;bito, a maioria daqueles que apresentaram o desfecho possu&#237;am doen&#231;a obstrutiva triarterial e/ou comprometimento de tronco de coron&#225;ria esquerda (81%). Nos sobreviventes, apenas 25% tinha doen&#231;a triarterial ou de tronco, seguidos de 22% com obstru&#231;&#227;o de dois vasos, 29% com obstru&#231;&#227;o de um vaso e 24% livres de les&#227;o obstrutiva (p = 0,01). Naqueles que apresentaram desfechos n&#227;o fatais, a propor&#231;&#227;o de livres de coronariopatia obstrutiva, obstru&#231;&#227;o de um vaso, dois vasos, triarterial/tronco de coron&#225;ria esquerda foram de 7,7%, 23%, 26% e 44%, respectivamente, comparados a 25%, 29%, 21% e 25%, respectivamente, nos indiv&#237;duos livres de eventos (p = 0,04).</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>O presente estudo prop&#245;e um maior refinamento na predi&#231;&#227;o de risco em portadores de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (SCA). Demonstrou-se que tanto o paradigma cl&#237;nico (GRACE) como o anat&#244;mico (SYTNAX) apresentaram boa capacidade preditora para &#243;bito. Por&#233;m, apenas o modelo anat&#244;mico foi capaz de predizer eventos recorrentes n&#227;o fatais. Essa demonstra&#231;&#227;o de que os escores habitualmente utilizados no manejo cl&#237;nico de portadores de SCA podem possuir uma predile&#231;&#227;o por diferentes desfechos, at&#233; o momento, n&#227;o havia sido descrita na literatura.</p>
      <p>Sabe-se que extens&#227;o anat&#244;mica da doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria &#233; um preditor independente de progress&#227;o de placa e eventos coronarianos recorrentes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Ao avaliarmos o mesmo modelo preditor angiogr&#225;fico utilizado nesta coorte, estudo pr&#233;vio com tomografia de coer&#234;ncia &#243;tica demonstrou maior frequ&#234;ncia de caracter&#237;sticas compat&#237;veis com vulnerabilidade de placa (placa rica em conte&#250;do lip&#237;dico, fibroateroma de capa fina, ruptura de placa na les&#227;o culpada e m&#250;ltiplas placas rotas no vaso culpado) em pacientes portadores de SCA com escore SYNTAX mais elevado (&#8805; 16), do que em tercis do escore baixo (&lt; 9) e intermedi&#225;rio (entre 9 e 16).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Outro estudo realizado em portadores de SCA demonstrou que o escore SYNTAX &#233; um preditor independente de recorr&#234;ncia de infarto, com o melhor valor de SYNTAX de 11 para predi&#231;&#227;o desse desfecho nessa popula&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, o mesmo grupo demonstrou que quanto maior o valor de SYNTAX ap&#243;s a interven&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea, denominada SYNTAX residual, maior a ocorr&#234;ncia de desfechos fatais e n&#227;o fatais em 30 dias e 1 ano, com valores preditivos e acur&#225;cia discriminat&#243;ria semelhantes ao escore SYNTAX basal (pr&#233;-tratamento).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Nosso estudo demonstrou que o escore SYNTAX &#233; um razo&#225;vel preditor de eventos recorrentes n&#227;o fatais, estando em conson&#226;ncia com as evid&#234;ncias que associam a carga de doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica a esse tipo de desfecho.</p>
      <p>O escore GRACE &#233; um modelo extensamente estudado na predi&#231;&#227;o de eventos cardiovasculares maiores em diversos cen&#225;rios de SCA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> Apesar disso, h&#225; uma paucidade de dados na literatura que avaliem a acur&#225;cia preditora desse escore para desfechos n&#227;o fatais de maneira isolada. A maioria dos trabalhos est&#225; associada &#224; predi&#231;&#227;o de eventos combinados ( <italic>Major adverse cardiac events ou, na sigla em ingl&#234;s</italic> , MACE). As vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas presentes nesse modelo refletem o grau de vulnerabilidade do paciente frente ao insulto apresentado em uma SCA e, apesar de predizer complexidade anat&#244;mica, esse modelo n&#227;o possui uma boa acur&#225;cia preditora, conforme dados previamente demonstrados por nosso grupo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> O trabalho atual n&#227;o foi capaz de demonstrar associa&#231;&#227;o entre o escore GRACE e a ocorr&#234;ncia de novos eventos isqu&#234;micos n&#227;o fatais.</p>
      <p>Do ponto de vista mecanicista, a diferen&#231;a entre os achados dos referidos escores pode ser interpretada atrav&#233;s das caracter&#237;sticas das vari&#225;veis que cada um analisa. O escore GRACE utiliza em sua composi&#231;&#227;o vari&#225;veis relacionadas ao aspecto cl&#237;nico do paciente e, de certo modo, se associa ao potencial risco de instabilidade de uma ampla gama de pacientes. No entanto, n&#227;o se correlaciona diretamente com a instabilidade coronariana, uma vez que, pela sua composi&#231;&#227;o, n&#227;o &#233; poss&#237;vel identificar com propriedade a gravidade das les&#245;es existentes. Por outro lado, o escore SYNTAX, utilizado como o paradigma anat&#244;mico, se baseia justamente na gravidade das les&#245;es coronarianas existentes e consegue preencher a lacuna deixada pelo escore anterior.</p>
      <p>Ademais, novos eventos coronarianos (recorr&#234;ncia de SCA) potencialmente influenciam a predi&#231;&#227;o de mortalidade, pois infarto causa morte. Por outro lado, &#243;bito cardiovascular como evento inicial n&#227;o teria como influenciar a ocorr&#234;ncia de evento recorrente subsequente. Essa &#243;bvia observa&#231;&#227;o refor&#231;a a l&#243;gica dos nossos resultados de que quando eventos recorrentes s&#227;o preditos, morte tamb&#233;m &#233; (escore SYNTAX); por&#233;m; a predi&#231;&#227;o de morte decorrente de um insulto card&#237;aco n&#227;o garante predi&#231;&#227;o de eventos isqu&#234;micos recorrentes (escore GRACE).Trata-se de um estudo gerador de hip&#243;tese, que evidenciou a eventual necessidade de discriminar os desfechos decorrentes de uma SCA, definindo uma utilidade pr&#225;tica para os modelos preditores cl&#237;nico e anat&#244;mico. A utiliza&#231;&#227;o de desfechos combinados surgiu nos grandes registros e ensaios cl&#237;nicos para resolver potenciais limita&#231;&#245;es de poder estat&#237;stico. No entanto, esse m&#233;todo institui um mesmo peso para desfechos diversos, n&#227;o distinguindo a signific&#226;ncia relativa de cada um.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> As implica&#231;&#245;es pr&#225;ticas deste estudo residem na necessidade de avaliarmos, dentro do contexto cl&#237;nico-anat&#244;mico, a probabilidade isolada dos diferentes desfechos, al&#233;m de reconhecermos a limita&#231;&#227;o do conhecimento de dados cl&#237;nicos em predizer eventos coronarianos recorrentes. Isso poderia influenciar o processo de tomada de decis&#227;o para o tratamento de portadores de SCA, onde o risco cl&#237;nico inicial habitualmente dita a magnitude do tratamento. Este estudo refuta essa pr&#225;tica, pois diante de um indiv&#237;duo com GRACE baixo, ainda haveria a possibilidade de haver um risco angiogr&#225;fico elevado. Sendo assim, uma predi&#231;&#227;o de eventos global, levando-se em considera&#231;&#227;o modelos preditores complementares e a predile&#231;&#227;o por desfechos diversos o melhor caminho para uma adequada estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco. Este estudo possui como principal limita&#231;&#227;o o seu tamanho amostral, podendo estar sujeito a erro tipo II. Al&#233;m disso, apesar de utilizarmos dois escores frequentemente utilizados na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, ainda assim seria interessante uma avalia&#231;&#227;o comparativa dos demais escores cl&#237;nicos e anat&#244;micos para a predi&#231;&#227;o de diferentes desfechos, sob o prisma dos paradigmas anat&#244;mico e cl&#237;nico.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>Em conclus&#227;o, o presente estudo indica que dados anat&#244;micos contribuem para a predi&#231;&#227;o de eventos recorrentes n&#227;o fatais e &#243;bito cardiovascular em SCA. Por outro lado, dados cl&#237;nicos s&#227;o capazes de predizer morte, mas n&#227;o influenciam a probabilidade de desfechos n&#227;o fatais.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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          <volume>39</volume>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Prognostic Contrast between Anatomical and Clinical Models Regarding Fatal and Non-Fatal Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndromes</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9021-7657</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Viana</surname>
            <given-names>Mateus S.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Correia</surname>
            <given-names>Vitor C. A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Felipe M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lacerda</surname>
            <given-names>Yasmin F.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bagano</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela O.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fonseca</surname>
            <given-names>Leticia L.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kertzman</surname>
            <given-names>Lara Q.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Melo</surname>
            <given-names>Milton V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6800-8100</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Noya-Rabelo</surname>
            <given-names>Marcia M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6910-1366</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Correia</surname>
            <given-names>Luis C L</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica, Salvador, BA - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#227;o Rafael, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Addresss: Luis Correia &#8226; Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica &#8211; Av. Princesa Leopoldina, 19/402. Postal Code 40050-420, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: lccorreia@cardiol.br</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Author contributions</p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Viana MS, Correia VCA, Correia LCL; Acquisition of data: Viana MS, Correia VCA, Ferreira FM, Lacerda YF, Bagano GO, Fonseca LL, Kertzman LQ, Melo MV, Noya-Rabelo MM; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Viana MS, Correia VCA, Ferreira FM, Lacerda YF, Bagano GO; Statistical analysis: Viana MS, Correia VCA, Ferreira FM, Lacerda YF, Fonseca LL, Kertzman LQ, Melo MV, Noya-Rabelo MM, Correia LCL; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Viana MS, Correia VCA, Ferreira FM, Lacerda YF, Bagano GO, Fonseca LL, Kertzman LQ, Melo MV, Noya-Rabelo MM, Correia LCL.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p>Recurrent ischemic events are mediated by atherosclerotic plaque instability, whereas death after an ischemic event results from gravity of insult and ability of the organism to adapt. The distinct nature of those types of events may respond for different prediction properties of clinical and anatomical information regarding type of outcome.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p>To identify prognostic properties of clinical and anatomical data in respect of fatal and non-fatal outcomes of patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p>Patients consecutively admitted with ACS who underwent coronary angiography were recruited. The SYNTAX score was utilized as an anatomic model and the GRACE score as a clinical model. The predictive capacity of those scores was separately evaluated for prediction of non-fatal ischemic outcomes (infarction and refractory angina) and cardiovascular death during hospitalization. It was considered as significant a p-value &lt;0,05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>EAmong 365 people, cardiovascular death was observed in 4,4% and incidence of non-fatal ischemic outcomes in 11%. For cardiovascular death, SYNTAX and GRACE score presented similar C-statistic of 0,80 (95% IC: 0,70 &#8211; 0,92) and 0,89 (95% IC 0,81 &#8211; 0,96), respectively &#8211; p = 0,19. As for non-fatal ischemic outcomes, the SYNTAX score presented a moderate predictive value (C-statistic = 0,64; 95%IC 0,55 &#8211; 0,73), whereas the GRACE score did not presented association with this type of outcome (C-statistic = 0,50; 95%IC 0,40-0,61) &#8211; p = 0,027.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p>Clinical and anatomic models similarly predict cardiovascular death in ACS. However, recurrence of coronary instability is better predicted by anatomic variables than clinical data. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Acute Coronary Syndrome/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Atherosclerosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention and control</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitalization</kwd>
        <kwd>Prognosis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Multivariate models have been validated as prognostic tools in acute coronary syndromes (ACS), consisting of clinical data,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> anatomical data<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> or a combination of the two.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> These models have recognized predictive value for recurrent events, but it is not clear whether the prognostic value varies depending on the type of outcome.</p>
        <p>Recurrent non-fatal ischemic events represent the phenomenon of atherosclerotic plaque instability, while death after an ischemic event results from the severity of the insult and the resistance of the organism. The different pathophysiological nature of these types of events can cause clinical and anatomical data to have different prognostic capacities depending on the type of outcome. If this is true, the generalization of the prognostic value regarding &#8220;cardiovascular outcomes&#8221; would be compromised, making it necessary to individualize the prediction of each model for the type of outcome.</p>
        <p>This work aims to evaluate and compare the prognostic value of clinical and anatomical data in relation to fatal and non-fatal outcomes in patients with ACS. Thus, a hospital cohort with patients admitted under these conditions was performed, the GRACE score chosen as the representative of the prediction for clinical data and the SYNTAX score used as a predictor based on anatomy.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Metodology</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Study Population</title>
          <p>Individuals consecutively admitted to the Intensive Cardiovascular Unit of a tertiary hospital between July 2007 and September 2014, with a diagnosis of ACS, were selected. The inclusion criterion was defined by typical or equivalent precordial discomfort and at rest in the last 48 hours, associated with at least one of the following characteristics: 1) positive myocardial necrosis marker, defined by troponin T &#8805; 0.01 &#956;g / L or troponin I &#8805; 0.034 &#956;g / L, which corresponds to values above the 99th percentile;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> 2) ischemic electrocardiographic changes, consisting of T wave inversion (&#8805; 0.1 mV) or ST segment deviation (&#8805; 0, 05 mV); 3) documented coronary artery disease, defined by a history of myocardial infarction or previous angiography showing coronary obstruction &#8805; 50% of the luminal diameter. In addition, for inclusion in the analysis, patients needed to have undergone a coronary angiography procedure during hospitalization. Those who disagreed with participating in the registry and / or who had previously undergone surgical myocardial revascularization procedures were excluded. The protocol is in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and was released by the Institutional Research Ethics Committees. All patients signed an informed consent form.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Predicative Scores (SYNTAX e GRACE)</title>
          <p>The SYNTAX score was calculated by an experienced interventional cardiologist who was blind to the clinical picture and the outcomes. This physician assessed each obstruction of the coronary tree with an obstruction percentage &#8805; 50% in vessels with a diameter &#8805; 1.5 mm, following the SYNTAX score tutorial<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> and considering various angiographic parameters.</p>
          <p>The GRACE score was calculated on patient admission, consisting of eight variables: five of them computed in a semi-quantitative way, that is, different weight for each age group, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, plasma creatinine and Killip class; three of them are computed in a dichotomous way, with the ST segment elevation, elevation of myocardial necrosis marker and cardiac arrest at admission.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Hospital Clinical Outcomes</title>
          <p>The scores were tested in relation to the prediction of two types of hospital outcomes with different connotations: (1) non-fatal recurrent coronary outcomes (infarction, re-infarction or refractory angina), which represent the complexity of the coronary instability process; (2) cardiovascular death, which represents the body&#8217;s inability to adapt to the ischemic myocardial event.</p>
          <p>Nonfatal infarction was recorded as a consistent elevation of troponin T or I, above the previously described limits, in patients whose values were negative in the first 24 hours. For patients with infarction on admission, a new peak of CK-MB (&#8805; 50% of the previous value and above the normal value) was necessary to define a re-infarction. Elevation of necrosis markers related to percutaneous procedure or revascularization surgery were not recorded as a new event. Refractory angina was defined as recurrent chest pain, with at least two episodes, despite the use of nitrate and double product control. Cardiovascular death was defined as sudden death or cardiovascular hospitalization followed by death.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Data Analysis</title>
          <p>Categorical variables were expressed as a percentage. Numerical variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range in cases of significant leak to normal distribution. The normality of the variables was analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test. Numerical variables were compared with the unpaired Student&#8217;s t-test or Mann-Whitney and categorical with the chi-square test or Fisher&#8217;s exact test.</p>
          <p>Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for the GRACE and SYNTAX score values to predict the outcomes of non-fatal recurrent events and cardiovascular death, with the areas below the curve (C-statistic) compared by the Hanley-McNeil test. Statistical significance was defined by p &lt;0.05. SPSS Statistical Software (version 21.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) and MedCalc Software (version 12.3.0.0, Mariakerke, Belgium) were used for data analysis.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Sample Size Calculation</title>
          <p>The sample was sized to offer statistical power for the comparison of SYNTAX C-statistics versus GRACE: to obtain 80% statistical power (one-tailed alpha of 0.05) in detecting 0.05 superiority of C-statistics (for example, 0.65 versus 0.70), it would be necessary to include 192 patients in the analysis.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Sample Description</title>
          <p>During the study, 822 patients were included in the register, wherein 370 were submitted to coronarography procedure, while 05 were excluded once they already have previous revascularization surgery. Of the 365 patients analyzed, the media of age was 64 &#177; 14 years old, 58% were male, 19% of whom had ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Coronary Disease with tri-arterial or left main coronary involvement was present in 36% of the sample.</p>
          <p>The median of SYNTAX Score was 9 (IQR = 2,5 - 20) and GRACE&#8217;s 117 (IQR = 90 -144). Analyzing the risk terciles predicted in the SYNTAX Score,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> 81% of patients had a low value (0 to 22), 10% had an intermediate value (23 to 32) and only 8.5% had high value (&#8805; 33). Regarding the GRACE score,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> 44% had low-risk (&lt;109), 28% had intermediate-risk (110 to 139) and 29% had high-risk (&#8805; 140).</p>
          <p>The incidence of cardiovascular death during hospitalization was 4.4% (16 patients) and non-fatal ischemic events were 10.7% (39 patients). Other clinical characteristics are described in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> .</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t1001">
              <label>Table 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Clinical Characteristics and sample outcomes</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup width="50%">
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Clinical Characteristics</th>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Sample Size</td>
                    <td align="center">365</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Age (years)</td>
                    <td align="center">64 &#177; 14</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Male</td>
                    <td align="center">210 (58%)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Ischemia signs in electrocardiogram</td>
                    <td align="center">166 (46%)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Clinical presentation</td>
                    <td align="center"> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Unstable Angina</td>
                    <td align="center">98 (27%)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction</td>
                    <td align="center">196 (54%)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>ST-elevation myocardial infarction</td>
                    <td align="center">71 (19%)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Positive troponin</td>
                    <td align="center">232 (64%)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Tri-arterial or left main coronary</td>
                    <td align="center">131 (36%)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Serum creatine (mg/dl)</td>
                    <td align="center">1,0 &#177; 0,7</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Ejection fraction &lt; 45%</td>
                    <td align="center">45 (13%)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Killip class &gt; 1</td>
                    <td align="center">51 (14%)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>GRACE Score*</td>
                    <td align="center">117 (90 &#8211; 140)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>SYNTAX Score*</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (2,5 &#8211; 20)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Cardiovascular death</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (4,4%)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Non-fatal recurrent events</td>
                    <td align="center">39 (11%)</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN1001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>NSTEMI Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; *: variable exposed as median and interquartile range.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Outcome Predictions by Score</title>
          <p>For death outcome, SYNTAX and GRACE scores presented discriminatory capacity, with similar c-statistic: 0,80 (95% CI: 0,70 &#8211; 0,92) and 0,89 (95% CI 0,81 &#8211; 0,96), respectively &#8212; p = 0,019 &#8212; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1A</xref> . When the scores were divided into risk terciles, both scores showed an increase of mortality in the third tercile: respectively, 2,4%, 2,7% and 30% on SYNTAX (P &lt; 0,001) and 0%, 0,9% and 12% on GRACE (p &lt; 0,001) &#8212; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 2</xref> , panel A and B.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f01001">
              <label>Figure 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; <italic>C-statistic of cardiovascular death prediction and non-fatal recurrent events, evidencing the accuracy of each score in relation to the type of outcome.</italic></title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-02-0219-90062-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f02001">
              <label>Figure 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; <italic>Outcome distribution by terciles of the SYNTAX and GRACE scores. A value of p &lt;0.001 was shown in Panel A; p &lt; 0,001 on Panel B; p = 0,007 on Panel C; and p = 0,565 on Panel D.</italic></title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-02-0219-90062-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>Regarding non-fatal recurrent events, SYNTAX score presented a predictor value (C-statistic = 0,64; 95% CI 0,55 -0,73). However, the GRACE score showed no association with this type of outcome (C-statistic = 0,50; 95% CI 0,40 &#8211; 0,61) &#8212; p=0,027 &#8212; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1B</xref> . When the scores were divided into risk terciles, SYNTAX showed an increase in outcomes in the upper two terciles (8,4%, 22% and 22%, respectively, p = 0,007). However, GRACE showed no variation (9,6%, 9,3% and 13%, respectively, p = 0,57) &#8212; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 2</xref> , panels C e D.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Clinical Characteristics versus Type of outcome</title>
          <p>Patients who evolved to death showed a tendency to higher risk clinical characteristics, compared to survivors. There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding creatinine (3,24 &#177; 2,6 and 1,15 &#177; 0,6; p &lt; 0,001), acute left ventricular failure signs (58% and 12%, p &lt; 0,001) and positive troponin (100% and 72%, p = 0,007), with a trend in age difference, ischemic electrocardiogram and blood pressure &#8212; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref> . Nevertheless, there wasn&#8217;t any difference of those characteristics between patients who evolved with a non-fatal event versus event-free patients &#8212; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref> .</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t2001">
              <label>Table 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Comparing Clinical Characteristics between patients who died versus those who survived the event</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup width="25%">
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Variables</th>
                    <th>Death</th>
                    <th>Survival</th>
                    <th>p value</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Sample Size</td>
                    <td align="center">19</td>
                    <td align="center">346</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Age</td>
                    <td align="center">78 &#177; 10</td>
                    <td align="center">63 &#177; 13</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Systolic Arterial Hypertension</td>
                    <td align="center">139 &#177; 32</td>
                    <td align="center">153 &#177; 28</td>
                    <td align="center">0,06</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Heart rate</td>
                    <td align="center">89 &#177; 20</td>
                    <td align="center">79 &#177; 18</td>
                    <td align="center">0,03</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Creatine</td>
                    <td align="center">3,24 &#177; 2,6</td>
                    <td align="center">1,15 &#177; 0,6</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Killip &gt; 1</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (48%)</td>
                    <td align="center">42 (12%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Positive Troponin</td>
                    <td align="center">19 (100%)</td>
                    <td align="center">248 (72%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,007</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Ischemic ECG</td>
                    <td align="center">10 (53%)</td>
                    <td align="center">116 (34%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,08</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t3001">
              <label>Table 3</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Comparison of clinical characteristics between patients who presented non-fatal outcome Versus those free of outcomes</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup width="25%">
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th>Outcome</th>
                    <th>No Outcome</th>
                    <th>p Value</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Sample Size</td>
                    <td align="center">39</td>
                    <td align="center">346</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Age</td>
                    <td align="center">68 &#177; 13</td>
                    <td align="center">64 &#177; 13</td>
                    <td align="center">0.05</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Systolic Arterial</td>
                    <td align="center">159 &#177; 30</td>
                    <td align="center">152 &#177; 28</td>
                    <td align="center">0.15</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Hypertension</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Heart Rate</td>
                    <td align="center">74 &#177; 19</td>
                    <td align="center">80 &#177; 18</td>
                    <td align="center">0.06</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Creatine</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9 &#177; 0.3</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0 &#177; 0.7</td>
                    <td align="center">0.058</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Killip &gt; 1</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (13%)</td>
                    <td align="center">46 (14%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.82</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Positive Troponin</td>
                    <td align="center">30 (77%)</td>
                    <td align="center">237 (73%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.58</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Ischemic ECG</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (41%)</td>
                    <td align="center">110 (34%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.36</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>When evaluating the death event, most of those who showed this outcome already had a tri-arterial obstructive disease and/or left main coronary involvement (81%). In the survivors, only 25% had tri-arterial or left main coronary disease, followed by 22% with obstruction of two vessels, 29% with obstruction of one vessel and 24% free of obstructive injury (P &#8804; 0,01). On those who showed non-fatal outcomes, the proportion of non-obstructive coronaropathy, one vessel obstruction, two vessels obstruction, tri-arterial/left main coronary were 7,7%, 23%, 26% e 44%, respectively, comparing to 25%, 29%, 21% and 25%, respectively, in free-event individuals (P=0,04)</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>The present study requested a further refinement in risk prediction in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It was demonstrated how well the clinical paradigm (GRACE) as anatomical (SYTNAX) showed good capacity attributed to death, however only the anatomical model was able to predict recurrent non-fatal events. This demonstration that the scores commonly used in the clinical laboratory of patients with ACS may use a predilection for different outcomes, so far, have not been used in the literature.</p>
        <p>It is known that anatomical extension of coronary disease is an independent predictor of plaque progression and recurrent coronary events.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> When evaluating the same angiographic predictor model used in this cohort, a previous study with optical coherence tomography demonstrated a higher frequency of characteristics compatible with vulnerability of plaque (plaque rich in lipid content, thin-cap fibroatheroma, rupture of plaque in the culprit lesion and multiple broken plaques in the culprit vessel) in patients with ACS with a higher SYNTAX score (&#8805;16) than in tertiles of the low score (&lt;9) and intermediate (between 9 and 16).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Another study carried out in patients with ACS demonstrated that the SYNTAX score is an independent predictor of infarction recurrence, with the best SYNTAX value of 11 to predict this outcome in this population.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> In addition, the same group demonstrated that the higher the value of SYNTAX after percutaneous intervention, which was called Residual SYNTAX, there was an association with a higher occurrence of fatal and non-fatal outcomes in 30 days and 1 year, with predictive values and discriminatory accuracy similar to the baseline SYNTAX score (pre-treatment).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Our study demonstrated that the SYNTAX score is a reasonable predictor of recurrent non-fatal events, in line with the evidence that associates the burden of atherosclerotic disease with this type of outcome.</p>
        <p>The GRACE score is a model extensively studied in the prediction of major cardiovascular events in different ACS scenarios.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> Despite this, there is a paucity of data in the literature that assess the predictive accuracy of this score for non-fatal outcomes in isolation. Most studies are associated with combined event prediction (MACE). The clinical variables present in this model reflect the patient&#8217;s degree of vulnerability to the insult presented in an ACS and, despite predicting anatomical complexity, it does not have a good predictive accuracy, according to data previously demonstrated by our group.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> The current study has not been able to demonstrate an association between the GRACE score and the occurrence of new non-fatal ischemic events.</p>
        <p>From a mechanistic point of view, the difference between the findings of these scores can be interpreted through the characteristics of the variables that each one analyzes. The GRACE score uses in its composition variables related to the clinical aspect of the patient and, in a way, is associated with the potential risk of instability in a wide range of patients. However, it is not directly correlated with coronary instability, since due to its composition it is not possible to properly identify the severity of existing lesions. On the other hand, the SYNTAX score, used as the anatomical paradigm, is based precisely on the severity of existing coronary lesions and manages to fill the gap left by the previous score. In addition, new coronary events (ACS recurrence) potentially influence the prediction of mortality, since infarction causes death. On the other hand, cardiovascular death as an initial event could not influence the occurrence of a subsequent recurrent event. This obvious observation reinforces the logic of our results that when recurrent events are predicted, death is also (SYNTAX score), but the prediction of death due to a cardiac insult does not guarantee prediction of recurrent ischemic events (GRACE score). It is a hypothesis-generating study, which evidenced an eventual need to discriminate the outcomes resulting from an ACS, defining a practical utility for the clinical and anatomical predictive models. The use of combined outcomes has emerged in large registries and clinical trials to address potential limitations of statistical power, however this method establishes the same weight for different outcomes, not distinguishing the relative significance of each one.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> The practical implications of this study lie in the need to assess, within the clinical-anatomical context, the isolated probability of different outcomes, in addition to recognizing the limited knowledge of clinical data in predicting recurrent coronary events. This could influence the decision-making process for the treatment of patients with ACS, where the initial clinical risk usually dictates the magnitude of the treatment. This study refutes this practice, because in the face of an individual with low GRACE, there would still be the possibility of a high angiographic risk. Thus, a global event prediction, taking into account complementary predictor models and a predilection for different outcomes, is the best way for an adequate risk stratification.</p>
        <p>The main limitation of this study is its sample size, which may be subject to type II error. In addition, although we use two scores frequently used in clinical practice, it would still be interesting to have a comparative assessment of the other clinical and anatomical scores for the prediction of different outcomes, from the perspective of the anatomical and clinical paradigms.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>In conclusion, the present study indicates that anatomical data contribute to the prediction of recurrent non-fatal events and cardiovascular death in ACS. On the other hand, clinical data are able to predict death, but do not influence the likelihood of non-fatal outcomes.</p>
      </sec>
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  </sub-article>
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