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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">cd53wZSTmNV9jqnXMkvhWGn</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2020000900194</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200632</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200632</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Dieta Intermitente na Remodela&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Induzida pelo Exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3712-5854</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pacagnelli</surname>
            <given-names>Francis Lopes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aguiar</surname>
            <given-names>Andreo Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Engel</surname>
            <given-names>Let&#237;cia Estevam</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bongiovani</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#244;nio Cl&#225;udio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana Janini</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Programa de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncia Animal</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Oeste Paulista</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Presidente Prudente</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncia Animal, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (Unoeste),Presidente Prudente, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Programa de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Oeste Paulista</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Presidente Prudente</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (Unoeste),Presidente Prudente, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o Profissional em Exerc&#237;cio F&#237;sico na Promo&#231;&#227;o da Sa&#250;de</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Norte do Paran&#225;</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Londrina</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o Profissional em Exerc&#237;cio F&#237;sico na Promo&#231;&#227;o da Sa&#250;de, Universidade Norte do Paran&#225; (UNOPAR), Londrina, PR - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Brigham and Women&#8217;s Hospital</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Harvard Medical School</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Boston</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="US">USA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Divis&#227;o de Medicina Cardiovascular, Departamento de Medicina, Brigham and Women&#8217;s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA - USA</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Francis Lopes Pacagnelli &#8226; Universidade do Oeste Paulista - Rua Jos&#233; Bongiovani. CEP 19050-920, Presidente Prudente, Sp - Brasil. E-mail: <email>francispacagnelli@unoeste.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>115</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>194</fpage>
      <lpage>196</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Dieta Intermitente</kwd>
        <kwd>Cora&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Exerc&#237;cio</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="15"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O artigo intitulado: &#8216;Dieta Intermitente Atenua a Remodela&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Causada pelo Exerc&#237;cio F&#237;sico&#8217; apresenta informa&#231;&#245;es relevantes sobre os efeitos do exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico (EF) na remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, capacidade funcional, comportamento nutricional e metabolismo glic&#234;mico. Os autores tamb&#233;m analisaram a express&#227;o de prote&#237;nas associadas a diferencia&#231;&#227;o celular e remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, tais como a <italic>extracellular signal-regulated kinase</italic> (ERK) e <italic>c-Jun N-terminal kinase</italic> (JNK), a fim de determinar os poss&#237;veis mecanismos moleculares associados aos efeitos da dieta intermitente e EF. Os principais achados deste estudo foram que: 1) o EF isolado ou combinado a dieta intermitente aumentou a capacidade funcional, 2) a prescri&#231;&#227;o da dieta intermitente durante o programa de EF aumentou a toler&#226;ncia glic&#234;mica, 2) O EF isolado resultou na remodela&#231;&#227;o intersticial do mioc&#225;rdio, e 3) a dieta intermitente foi capaz de atenuar a remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca induzida pelo EF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Vale ressaltar que este estudo utilizou um modelo experimental envolvendo ratos <italic>Wistar</italic> , a fim de simular uma dieta intermitente prescrita durante um programa de EF a longo prazo (12 semanas).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A vantagem do modelo animal envolvendo aspectos nutricionais e f&#237;sicos &#233; a possibilidade de controlar as vari&#225;veis de confus&#227;o que podem afetar a validade interna da pesquisa, tais como o h&#225;bito alimentar, o estilo de vida, e a motiva&#231;&#227;o intr&#237;nseca para o treino. Al&#233;m disso, o modelo animal permite analisar os aspectos morfol&#243;gicos, funcionais e moleculares do m&#250;sculo card&#237;aco, possibilitando um estudo mais aprofundado dos mecanismos relacionados aos diversos tratamentos ou interven&#231;&#245;es f&#237;sicas e nutricionais. Desta forma, os resultados desse estudo s&#227;o altamente consistentes e produzem informa&#231;&#245;es relevantes para o entendimento e aprimoramento dos programas de prescri&#231;&#227;o de EF isolado ou associado a dieta intermitente. Esse estudo tamb&#233;m aponta para uma nova dire&#231;&#227;o de pesquisas sobre os efeitos do EF nos aspectos funcionais e morfol&#243;gicos da remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, e como a dieta intermitente pode modular esses efeitos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Estudos com a finalidade de compreender os efeitos ben&#233;ficos do EF isolado ou combinado a estrat&#233;gias nutricionais s&#227;o fundamentais para a preven&#231;&#227;o e tratamento de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares. Tal assunto tem recebido especial aten&#231;&#227;o nos &#250;ltimos anos, uma vez que a Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de revelou um n&#250;mero de aproximadamente 17,2 milh&#245;es de mortes por doen&#231;as cardiovasculares a cada ano, o que representa s&#233;rio problema de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica, al&#233;m dos elevados custos financeiros com tratamentos e interna&#231;&#245;es hospitalares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Assim, o controle dos fatores de risco cardiovascular e a preocupa&#231;&#227;o com h&#225;bitos de vida saud&#225;veis s&#227;o essenciais para preven&#231;&#227;o e limita&#231;&#227;o de danos cardiovasculares, destacando a import&#226;ncia dos estudos envolvendo condutas n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gicas, tais como o EF e a nutri&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Neste contexto, a dieta intermitente e o EF s&#227;o interven&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gicas que v&#234;m sendo preconizadas h&#225; d&#233;cadas para a promo&#231;&#227;o da sa&#250;de e o tratamento de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares. Entre os diversos benef&#237;cios dessas estrat&#233;gias est&#227;o melhora da qualidade de vida, da composi&#231;&#227;o corporal, dos n&#237;veis de colesterol e triglic&#233;rides, da resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina, preven&#231;&#227;o da hipertens&#227;o e do desenvolvimento de aterosclerose.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> O impacto positivo da combina&#231;&#227;o de dieta intermitente e EF em diversas condi&#231;&#245;es de sa&#250;de tem sido evidenciado em pesquisas experimentais e cl&#237;nicas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Entretanto, a maioria dos estudos avaliaram os efeitos isolados do EF e da dieta intermitente, de modo que os efeitos da combina&#231;&#227;o destes tratamentos ainda n&#227;o est&#227;o totalmente esclarecidos.</p>
    <p>Estudo recente demonstrou o importante papel da dieta intermitente na redu&#231;&#227;o de peso corporal e n&#237;veis de glicose sangu&#237;nea e de hemoglobina glicada, al&#233;m de aumento da sensibilidade &#224; insulina em camundongos obesos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Da mesma forma, o exerc&#237;cio aer&#243;bio tamb&#233;m tem demonstrado aumentar n&#237;veis proteicos musculares de GLUT 4 entre 20 a 70% em humanos e roedores, contribuindo para melhorar a sensibilidade &#224; insulina e melhor controle glic&#234;mico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Logo, &#233; prov&#225;vel que a combina&#231;&#227;o do EF com a dieta intermitente poderia ser uma estrat&#233;gia ben&#233;fica para potencializar a melhora do metabolismo glic&#234;mico. Esta hip&#243;tese &#233; suportada por um recente estudo que reportou maior efici&#234;ncia do EF aer&#243;bio combinado a restri&#231;&#227;o cal&#243;rica moderada, do que o EF isolado, na melhoria da aptid&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria, fadiga, incapacidade e controle glic&#234;mico em idosos obesos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Similarmente, no artigo de Basilio et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> os autores verificaram melhora da capacidade funcional e do metabolismo glic&#234;mico em ratos submetidos ao EF isolado ou combinado a dieta intermitente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Tais achados refor&#231;am a ideia de que o EF isolado ou combinado a restri&#231;&#227;o cal&#243;rica pode ser ben&#233;fico para promo&#231;&#227;o da sa&#250;de global.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Estudos com a finalidade de investigar os mecanismos celulares e moleculares envolvidos na remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca em resposta ao EF e a restri&#231;&#227;o cal&#243;rica s&#227;o fundamentais para o entendimento e aplicabilidade destas estrat&#233;gias em programas de preven&#231;&#227;o e reabilita&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular. O estudo de Basilio et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> avaliaram o papel de algumas prote&#237;nas quinases ativadas por mit&#243;geno (MAPK) na remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca induzida pelo EF e na dieta intermitente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A prote&#237;na p38 MAPK, apesar de n&#227;o ter sido avaliada nesse estudo, &#233; uma das mais importantes prote&#237;nas da via das MAPK, pois &#233; ativada em resposta a est&#237;mulos como o EF. Essa prote&#237;na pode modular a fun&#231;&#227;o dos fibroblastos card&#237;acos e o turnover na matriz extracelular e da indu&#231;&#227;o par&#225;crina da hipertrofia dos cardiomi&#243;citos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Portanto, futuros estudos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para avaliar o papel da p38 MAPK na remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca induzida pelo EF e se h&#225; influ&#234;ncia com a dieta intermitente.</p>
    <p>A remodela&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio &#233; regulada por uma combina&#231;&#227;o de respostas dos cardiomi&#243;citos e de outros tipos celulares a v&#225;rias vias mecanosens&#237;veis, as quais podem modificar a express&#227;o g&#234;nica e s&#237;ntese proteica e assim promover modifica&#231;&#245;es funcionais nessas c&#233;lulas. Est&#237;mulos mecanoreguladores como o exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico atuam nos cardiomi&#243;citos e fibroblastos e levam a altera&#231;&#245;es na express&#227;o g&#234;nica e remodela&#231;&#227;o celular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Pesquisas relatam a import&#226;ncia das integrinas, angiotensina II, c&#225;lcio e TGF&#946; regulando a via prote&#237;nas quinases ativadas do mit&#243;geno (MAPK) com ativa&#231;&#227;o dos fibroblastos e aumento da fibrose card&#237;aca <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> .</p>
    <p>Os efeitos da restri&#231;&#227;o cal&#243;rica sobre a remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca t&#234;m sido muito investigados em modelos animais com altera&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas. Foi demonstrado melhora da disfun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca e da reserva cronotr&#243;pica e, em rela&#231;&#227;o a aspectos moleculares, melhora da inerva&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca simp&#225;tica e n&#237;veis de receptores &#946;-adren&#233;rgicos em ratos com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca induzida por infarto do mioc&#225;rdio submetidos a dieta intermitente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Outro estudo demonstrou que ciclos de jejum/realimenta&#231;&#227;o promovem efeitos ben&#233;ficos card&#237;acos e atenuam o dano mioc&#225;rdico causado por restri&#231;&#227;o cal&#243;rica em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos, contribuindo para reduzir o risco cardiovascular e os danos morfol&#243;gicos. Al&#233;m disso, o ciclo de jejum/realimenta&#231;&#227;o promove leve melhora do tr&#226;nsito do Ca<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> e do sistema beta-adren&#233;rgico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> O estudo de Basilio et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> n&#227;o teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos do EF isolado ou combinado a restri&#231;&#227;o cal&#243;rica sobre marcadores de tr&#226;nsito do Ca<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> , mas apresenta novas possibilidades de estudos sobre as adapta&#231;&#245;es moleculares relacionadas a remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca induzida pelo EF associado a dieta intermitente..<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Ressaltamos a import&#226;ncia de testar os achados deste estudo em outras popula&#231;&#245;es associadas a sa&#250;de e doen&#231;as, incluindo situa&#231;&#245;es de sobrepeso, obesidade e diabetes, que cursam com altera&#231;&#245;es do metabolismo glic&#234;mico.</p>
    <p>Deste modo, vale novamente ressaltar que o artigo,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> apresenta valiosas informa&#231;&#245;es sobre os efeitos do EF isolado ou combinado a dieta intermitente nos aspectos morfol&#243;gicos e metab&#243;licos envolvidos na remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, contribuindo assim para o entendimento e aprimoramento dos programas de preven&#231;&#227;o e reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ack>
      <title>Agradecimentos</title>
      <p>Os autores agradecem Eric Schloeffel pela edi&#231;&#227;o em ingl&#234;s.</p>
    </ack>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Dieta Intermitente Atenua a Remodela&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Causada pelo Exerc&#237;cio F&#237;sico</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Intermittent Diet in Exercise-Induced Cardiac Remodeling</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3712-5854</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pacagnelli</surname>
            <given-names>Francis Lopes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aguiar</surname>
            <given-names>Andreo Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Engel</surname>
            <given-names>Let&#237;cia Estevam</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bongiovani</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#244;nio Cl&#225;udio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana Janini</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Postgraduate program in Animal Science, University of Western S&#227;o Paulo (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Postgraduate program in Health Science, University of Western S&#227;o Paulo (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Postgraduate Program in Physical Exercise in Health Promotion, Northern University of Paran&#225;, Londrina, PR - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="US">USA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women&#8217;s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA - USA</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Francis Lopes Pacagnelli &#8226; Universidade do Oeste Paulista - Rua Jos&#233; Bongiovani Presidente Prudente Postal Code 19050-920, Presidente Prudente, SP - Brazil. E-mail: francispacagnelli@unoeste.br</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Intermittent Diet</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The article entitled &#8220;Intermittent diet regulates physical exercise induced cardiac remodeling&#8221; presents relevant information concerning the effects of physical exercise (PE) on cardiac remodeling, functional capacity, nutritional behavior, and glycemic metabolism. The authors also analyzed the expression of proteins related to cellular differentiation and cardiac remodeling, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), to determine the possible molecular mechanisms associated with the effects of intermittent diet and PE. The main findings were that: (1) PE increased functional capacity when isolated or combined with an intermittent diet, (2) prescription of an intermittent diet increased glycemic tolerance during PE programs, (3) intermittent diet was able to reduce cardiac remodeling induced by PE.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>It is worth highlighting that this study used an experimental model from <italic>Wistar</italic> rats to mimic an intermittent diet during a long-term PE program (12 weeks).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> The advantage of animal experiments involving nutritional and physical interventions is the possibility of controlling the confounding variables that can affect the internal validity of the study, such as food intake, lifestyle, and motivation for physical training. In addition, animal models allow for the analysis of morphological, functional, and molecular aspects of cardiac muscle, which enables a more in-depth study of the mechanisms related to the diverse treatments and physical and nutritional interventions. Therefore, the results of this study are highly consistent and relevant for the understanding and improvement of prescribed PE programs, whether when isolated or associated with intermittent diet. The study also reveals a new path for research involving the effects of PE on functional and morphological aspects of cardiac remodeling, and the role intermittent diet in modulating these effects.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Researches aiming to understanding the beneficial effects of isolated PE or the combination of PE with nutritional strategies are fundamental for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This topic has received special attention in recent years, as the World Health Organization indicated approximately 17.2 million deaths from cardiovascular diseases each year, which indicates an important public health issue due to its high costs with treatment and hospital admissions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Risk factor control and the maintenance of healthy lifestyle habits are essential for the prevention and attenuation of cardiovascular complications, highlighting the relevance of studies focusing on PE and nutrition.</p>
      <p>In this context, non-pharmacological interventions involving PE and intermittent diet have been advocated for decades to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. The benefits of these strategies include improved quality of life, body composition, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels, as well as the prevention of hypertension and atherosclerosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> The positive impacts of the combination of an intermittent diet and PE in several health conditions have been shown in experimental and clinical researches.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> However, most studies have evaluated the effects of PE and intermittent diet separately. Thus, the effects of a combination of these treatments are still not completely clear.</p>
      <p>A recent study demonstrated the important role of intermittent diet on the reduction of body weight, blood glucose levels, and glycated hemoglobin levels, as well as increasing insulin sensitivity in obese mice.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Similarly, aerobic exercise has also been shown to increase muscle expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) in 20 to 70%, both in humans and rodents. This contributes to improving insulin sensitivity and glycemic control.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Therefore, it is likely that the combination of PE and intermittent diet could be a more powerful strategy to improve glycemic metabolism. This hypothesis is supported by a recent study that reported greater effects of PE combined with moderate caloric restriction than isolated PE on functional capacity, levels of fatigue and disability, and glycemic control in obese elderly individuals.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Similarly, in the article by de Basilio et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> verified improved functional capacity and glycemic metabolism in rats that were submitted to isolated PE or combined with an intermittent diet. These findings reinforce the health benefits from isolated PE and its combination with a caloric-restricted.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Studies aiming to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in cardiac remodeling in response to PE and caloric restriction are fundamental to the understanding and application of these strategies in preventive programs and cardiovascular function rehabilitation. The study de Basilio et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> highlights the important evaluation of some mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Despite not being evaluated in this study, p38 MAPK is one of the most important proteins in the MAPK pathway due to its activity in response to stimuli like PE. It can modulate the function of cardiac fibroblasts, extracellular matrix turnover, and paracrine induction of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Therefore, future studies are needed to confirm the role of p38 MAPK in cardiac remodeling induced by PE and an influence of intermittent diet.</p>
      <p>Myocardial remodeling is regulated through a combination of responses from cardiomyocytes, other cell types, and various mechanosensitive pathways, which can modify the genetic expression and protein synthesis, which cause the functional modifications in the cells.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Mechanosensitive stimuli like PE affect cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts leading to alterations in genetic expression and cellular remodeling. Studies have shown the importance of integrins, angiotensin II, calcium, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-&#946;) regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway with fibroblasts activation and increased cardiac fibrosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The effects of caloric restriction on cardiac remodeling have been extensively investigated in animal models with cardiac alterations. It has been demonstrated an improvement in cardiac dysfunction and chronotropic reserves, and regarding molecular aspects, an improvement in sympathetic cardiac innervation and levels of &#946;-adrenergic receptors in rats with myocardial infarction-induced heart failure submitted to intermittent diet.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Another study showed that fasting/refeeding cycles resulted in beneficial cardiac effects and reduced myocardial damage due to the caloric restriction in spontaneously hypertensive rats, contributing to reduced cardiovascular risks and morphological damage. In addition, fasting/ refeeding cycles led to slight improvements in the transit of Ca<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> and the beta-adrenergic system.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Although the study de Basilio et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> did not aim to investigate the effects of isolated PE or combined with caloric restriction diet on Ca<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> transport markers, it shows possibilities for future researches on molecular adaptations related to cardiac remodeling induced by PE.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> We emphasize the importance of testing the findings of this study in other populations associated with health and disease, including groups with overweight, obese, and diabetic subjects such conditions are related to changes in glycemic metabolism.</p>
      <p>In conclusion, it is worth highlighting that the article,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> demonstrates valuable information concerning the effects of isolated PE and the combination of PE with an intermittent diet on morphological and metabolic aspects involved in cardiac remodeling, such contributes to the understanding and enhancement of prevention programs and cardiac rehabilitation.</p>
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        <title>Acknowledgements</title>
        <p>The authors would like to thank Eric Schloeffel for English editing.</p>
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          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Intermittent Fasting Attenuates Exercise Training-Induced Cardiac Remodeling</italic>
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