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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">WGhRV6PGKFYVvTbys4fp3Lb</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2020000900174</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20180384</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20180384</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Controle da Press&#227;o Arterial e Fatores Associados em um Servi&#231;o Multidisciplinar de Tratamento da Hipertens&#227;o</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7750-2792</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Thiago Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Luiza Lima</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1265-1930</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barroso</surname>
            <given-names>Weimar Kunz Sebba</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5333-013X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Cesar B. Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de , Goi&#226;nia , GO - Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, Goi&#226;nia , GO - Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01">Correspond&#234;ncia: Thiago de Souza Veiga Jardim &#8226; Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de - Primeira Avenida S/N Setor Leste Universit&#225;rio, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>thiagoloirin@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento, Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Jardim TSV, Souza ALL, Barroso WKS, Jardim PCBV; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados, An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Jardim TSV, Jardim PCBV</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesses</p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>115</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>174</fpage>
      <lpage>181</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p>Apesar de se recomendar a interven&#231;&#227;o em equipe no tratamento da hipertens&#227;o, resultados dessa abordagem em ambientes do mundo real s&#227;o escassos na literatura.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos</title>
          <p>Apresentar os resultados de uma estrat&#233;gia terap&#234;utica baseada em equipe, de longo prazo, de pacientes hipertensos em um servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p>Dados de pacientes hipertensos acompanhados em um centro de tratamento multidisciplinar localizado na regi&#227;o centro-oeste do Brasil em junho de 2017 com pelo menos duas visitas de acompanhamento foram avaliados retrospectivamente. Dados antropom&#233;tricos, press&#227;o arterial (PA), tempo de acompanhamento, tratamento farmacol&#243;gico, diabetes, estilo de vida foram coletados da &#250;ltima consulta. Valores de PA &lt; 140 x 90 mmHg em n&#227;o diab&#233;ticos e &lt; 130 x 80 mmHg em diab&#233;ticos foram considerados PA controlada. Um modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica foi constru&#237;do para identificar vari&#225;veis independentemente associadas com o controle da PA. O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia adotado foi de p&lt;0.05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos 1548 pacientes, com m&#233;dia de acompanhamento de 7,6 &#177; 7,1 anos. A maioria dos pacientes eram mulheres (73,6%; n=1139), com idade m&#233;dia de 61,8 anos. As taxas de controle da PA na amostra total, em n&#227;o diab&#233;ticos e nos diab&#233;ticos foram 68%, 79%, e 37,9%, respectivamente. Diabetes associou-se inversamente com controle da PA (OR 0,16; IC95% 0,12-0,20; p&lt;0,001), enquanto idade &#8805; 60 anos (OR 1,48; IC95% 1,15-1,91; p=0,003) e sexo feminino (OR 1,38; IC95% 1,05-1,82; p=0,020) apresentaram associa&#231;&#227;o direta.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
          <p>Uma taxa de controle de cerca de 70% foi encontrada em pacientes atendidos em um servi&#231;o multidisciplinar de tratamento da hipertens&#227;o. A fim de melhorar esses resultados, aten&#231;&#227;o deve ser dada a pacientes diab&#233;ticos, com idade menor que 60 anos e do sexo masculino. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):174-181)</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Press&#227;o Arterial/preven&#231;&#227;o e controle</kwd>
        <kwd>Exerc&#237;cio</kwd>
        <kwd>Coopera&#231;&#227;o e Ades&#227;o ao Tratamento</kwd>
        <kwd>Sedentarismo</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Estilo de Vida</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="6"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="34"/>
        <page-count count="8"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A hipertens&#227;o (HTN) pode ser definida como eleva&#231;&#227;o na press&#227;o sangu&#237;nea detectada em duas ou mais leituras obtidas em duas ou mais ocasi&#245;es, ou uso de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Apesar do debate acerca dos limiares a serem adotados para defini&#231;&#227;o da HTN, n&#227;o h&#225; d&#250;vida de que essa condi&#231;&#227;o &#233; um fator de risco cardiovascular e uma causa importante de incapacidade e morte. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Press&#227;o arterial (PA) elevada &#233; o fator de risco trat&#225;vel mais importante de acidente vascular cerebral, fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. Redu&#231;&#245;es na PA s&#227;o efetivas para prevenir les&#245;es nos &#243;rg&#227;os alvo, eventos cardiovasculares e morte em condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas variadas envolvendo diferentes n&#237;veis de PA, perfis de risco cardiovascular, e comorbidades. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Apesar disso, a HTN n&#227;o controlada continua uma situa&#231;&#227;o muito prevalente em todo o mundo. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Entre as estrat&#233;gias que objetivam melhorar o controle da PA, interven&#231;&#245;es em equipe t&#234;m se mostrado muito promissoras. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Essas estrat&#233;gias consistem em interven&#231;&#245;es organizacionais centradas no paciente, multifacetadas, lideradas por equipes multidisciplinares, que objetivam melhorar a qualidade do cuidado &#224; HTN. O tratamento da HTN em equipe inclui pacientes, profissionais da aten&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria, e outros profissionais, tais como cardiologistas, enfermeiros, farmac&#234;uticos, m&#233;dicos assistentes, nutricionistas, trabalhadores sociais, profissionais da sa&#250;de comunit&#225;ria, entre outros. Esses profissionais se complementam, oferecendo apoio ao outro e dividindo responsabilidades. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Apesar do cuidado em equipe ser recomendado para pacientes com HTN pela maioria das diretrizes, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> os resultados dessa interven&#231;&#227;o em um ambiente real s&#227;o escassos na literatura. Conduzimos o presente estudo com o objetivo de relatar os resultados de uma interven&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica multidisciplinar de longo prazo para pacientes com HTN, com foco na avalia&#231;&#227;o das taxas de controle da PA e fatores associados.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <p>Dados de todos os pacientes com HTN e idade de 18 anos, com pelo menos duas visitas de seguimento em um centro de tratamento multidisciplinar para HTN na regi&#227;o centro-oeste do Brasil em junho de 2017 foram avaliados retrospectivamente por conveni&#234;ncia.</p>
      <p>A HTN foi definida de acordo com a 7&#170; Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial: (1) PA no consult&#243;rio &#8805; 140 &#215; 90 mmHg; monitoriza&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial da PA &#8805; 130 &#215; 80 mmHg; (3) monitoriza&#231;&#227;o residencial da PA &#8805; 135 &#215; 85 mmHg. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Pacientes em tratamento para HTN tamb&#233;m foram considerados hipertensos.</p>
      <p>O centro de tratamento em equipe multidisciplinar est&#225; em funcionamento por mais de 25 anos, e se dedica ao tratamento de HTN, &#224; educa&#231;&#227;o de profissionais da sa&#250;de e &#224; pesquisa. Pacientes com diagn&#243;stico recente de HTN e pacientes com dificuldade de controlar os n&#237;veis de PA foram encaminhados para o centro, e o n&#250;mero de pacientes inclu&#237;dos no estudo foi 1701. A equipe multidisciplinar &#233; composta por m&#233;dicos (cl&#237;nicos gerais, cardiologistas, endocrinologistas e nefrologistas), enfermeiros, nutricionistas, terapeutas ocupacionais, educadores f&#237;sicos, psic&#243;logos e musicoterapeutas. Com o objetivo de melhorar a ades&#227;o ao tratamento e reduzir perdas de acompanhamento, o intervalo m&#225;ximo entre cada visita foi de tr&#234;s meses. O intervalo m&#225;ximo entre duas consultas m&#233;dicas foi de seis meses, e em rela&#231;&#227;o a outros profissionais de sa&#250;de, n&#227;o houve visitas de rotina, isto &#233;, as consultas foram agendadas de acordo com as necessidades dos pacientes determinadas por avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica. Al&#233;m disso, atividades educacionais e de promo&#231;&#227;o da sa&#250;de foram realizadas a cada duas semanas com os pacientes. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Desde o in&#237;cio desse servi&#231;o multidisciplinar, as consultas foram registradas em um formul&#225;rio padronizado. Todos os profissionais diretamente envolvidos no cuidado do paciente foram treinados rotineiramente para o preenchimento desse formul&#225;rio, assegurando confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade dos dados ao longo dos anos. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
      <sec>
        <title>Coleta de dados</title>
        <p>Foram coletados dados da &#250;ltima visita do paciente, independentemente da especialidade do profissional que o atendeu. Ainda, as datas da primeira consulta foram coletadas e usadas para calcular o per&#237;odo de acompanhamento (diferen&#231;a entre a primeira e a &#250;ltima visita do servi&#231;o), em anos.</p>
        <p>Os seguintes dados foram coletados dos prontu&#225;rios m&#233;dicos: sexo; idade: em anos, e avaliada pela diferen&#231;a entre a data de nascimento e a data da &#250;ltima visita; dados antropom&#233;tricos: peso, altura e &#205;ndice de Massa Corporal (IMC), calculado pela f&#243;rmula de Quetelet (IMC: peso em Kg/altura <sup>2</sup> em metros). O estado nutricional foi classificado de acordo com o IMC, seguindo as defini&#231;&#245;es da Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial de Sa&#250;de: sem sobrepeso (IMC &lt; 25kg/m <sup>2</sup> ); com sobrepeso (IMC &#8805; 25 kg/m <sup>2</sup> e &lt; 30mg/kg <sup>2</sup> ) e obeso (IMC &#8805; 30 mg/kg <sup>2</sup> ).</p>
        <p>Press&#227;o arterial: foram realizadas tr&#234;s ou mais medidas da PA, com intervalo m&#237;nimo de um minuto. Todas as medidas foram realizadas ap&#243;s cinco minutos de repouso, do membro superior, com o indiv&#237;duo sentado e bra&#231;o apoiado. Foram usados manguitos de tamanho apropriado de acordo com o di&#226;metro do bra&#231;o. Os valores m&#233;dios das duas &#250;ltimas medidas foram considerados para defini&#231;&#227;o de controle da PA. As medidas foram realizadas com aparelhos oscilom&#233;tricos (equipamentos semiautom&#225;ticos OMRON, modelo HEM-705 CP). Essa rotina foi adotada no servi&#231;o para evitar vi&#233;s de observador.</p>
        <p>Estilo de vida: tabagismo (fumante ou n&#227;o fumante); consumo de bebidas alc&#243;olicas (qualquer consumo relatado na &#250;ltima visita); atividade f&#237;sica de lazer (regular &#8805;3 vezes por semana), irregular (&lt;3 vezes por semana) e sedent&#225;rio (nenhuma atividade f&#237;sica).</p>
        <p>Diabetes: definida seguindo-se as recomenda&#231;&#245;es das diretrizes mais recentes da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes: <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> (1) sintomas de poli&#250;ria, polidipsia, e perda de peso e glicemia casual (colhida em qualquer hor&#225;rio do dia, independente da &#250;ltima refei&#231;&#227;o realizada) &#8805; 200 mg/dL; (2) glicemia de jejum &#8805; 126 mg/dL; o diagn&#243;stico deve ser confirmado repetindo-se a medida em outro dia em caso de pequenas eleva&#231;&#245;es na glicemia; (3) glicemia de duas horas ap&#243;s o teste de toler&#226;ncia &#224; glicose oral (75g) &#8805; 200 mg/dL. O tratamento ao diabetes registrado nos prontu&#225;rios m&#233;dicos tamb&#233;m foi considerado como crit&#233;rio diagn&#243;stico.</p>
        <p>Tratamento medicamentoso: informa&#231;&#227;o sobre tratamento farmacol&#243;gico para HTN (se o paciente realizava bem como n&#250;mero de medicamentos).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Defini&#231;&#245;es de controle da PA</title>
        <p>Foram adotadas as recomenda&#231;&#245;es da 7&#170; Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial (2016) <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> (valores de PA &lt; 140 x 90 mmHg em n&#227;o diab&#233;ticos e &lt; 130 x 80 mmHg em pacientes diab&#233;ticos) para an&#225;lise do controle da PA.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Servi&#231;o multidisciplinar</title>
        <p>Equipe m&#233;dica: avaliou sintomas, estilo de vida, e medicamentos, realizou exame f&#237;sico, analisou exames complementares e definiu o tratamento do paciente (prescri&#231;&#227;o de tratamentos farmacol&#243;gico e n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gico, pedido de exames complementares, e agendamento de visitas de acompanhamento); encaminhou pacientes &#224; emerg&#234;ncia ou interna&#231;&#227;o em caso de descompensa&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica aguda.</p>
        <p>Enfermeiros: avaliaram sintomas, sinais vitais, estilo de vida e medicamentos; orientaram os pacientes quanto &#224; ades&#227;o ao tratamento (farmacol&#243;gico e n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gico); definiram intervalos de retornos com enfermeiro; e encaminharam pacientes para consulta m&#233;dica se necess&#225;rio em aspectos cl&#237;nicos ou para manter um intervalo m&#225;ximo de seis meses entre duas consultas m&#233;dicas.</p>
        <p>Nutricionistas: enfatizaram aspectos n&#227;o medicamentosos do cuidado, especificamente a dieta; coletaram dados sobre dieta, avaliaram dados antropom&#233;tricos e sinais vitais. A abordagem teve como objetivo orienta&#231;&#245;es diet&#233;ticas, com &#234;nfase em restri&#231;&#227;o de sal e prescri&#231;&#227;o diet&#233;tica aos pacientes com diagn&#243;sticos espec&#237;ficos tais como diabetes e doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica.</p>
        <p>Educadores f&#237;sicos: promoveram atividade f&#237;sica em grupo para os pacientes (treinamento de resist&#234;ncia a exerc&#237;cio aer&#243;bico) tr&#234;s vezes por semana, e enfatizaram a import&#226;ncia da pr&#225;tica regular de atividade f&#237;sica.</p>
        <p>Os demais profissionais da sa&#250;de n&#227;o realizaram visitas formais, e sim uma s&#233;rie de interven&#231;&#245;es educacionais para promover a sa&#250;de dos pacientes. Os fisioterapeutas conduziram encontros peri&#243;dicos agendados previamente ou se encontraram com os pacientes na sala de espera e discutiram medidas preventivas contra les&#245;es e quedas. De maneira similar, os psic&#243;logos e os terapeutas musicais atuaram principalmente na sala de espera, fornecendo orienta&#231;&#245;es e interven&#231;&#245;es com objetivo de reduzir estresse e melhorar o tempo de espera.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada utilizando-se o programa STATA V14 (StataCorp., College Station, Texas, USA). O teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov foi usado e confirmou que as vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas apresentaram distribui&#231;&#227;o normal. As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram apresentadas em m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o, e as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas em n&#250;mero e porcentagem. O teste t n&#227;o pareado foi usado para comparar as vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas e o teste do qui-quadrado para comparar as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas. O modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica foi constru&#237;do para identificar vari&#225;veis com associa&#231;&#227;o independente com o controle da press&#227;o sangu&#237;nea. Diabetes, idade &#8805; 60 anos, sexo feminino, consumo de bebida alco&#243;lica, tabagismo, sedentarismo, tratamento medicamentoso, IMC, e tempo total de acompanhamento (anos) foram usados como preditores no modelo. O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia adotado foi p&lt;0.05.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos 1548 pacientes no estudo, correspondente a mais de 90% dos pacientes atendidos no servi&#231;o (153 n&#227;o foram inclu&#237;dos devido a dados faltantes na primeira ou na &#250;ltima consulta). O tempo m&#233;dio de acompanhamento foi 7,6 &#177; 7,1 anos. A maioria dos pacientes eram mulheres (73,6%; n=1139), e a m&#233;dia de idade foi 61,8 &#177;12,8 anos. As mulheres eram mais propensas a serem obesas e sedent&#225;rias, mas menos propensas a consumir bebida alco&#243;lica e a fumar em compara&#231;&#227;o aos homens. Al&#233;m disso, valores mais baixos de PA foram encontrados em mulheres em compara&#231;&#227;o a homens. Caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo, estratificadas por sex, s&#227;o apresentadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> .</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo, estratificadas por sexo (n=1548), Goi&#226;nia, Brasil</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="20%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Fator</th>
                <th>Total</th>
                <th>Homens</th>
                <th>Mulheres</th>
                <th>Valor de p*</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>N</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">1,548 (100%)</td>
                <td align="center">409 (26.4%)</td>
                <td align="center">1,139 (73.6%)</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Idade (anos)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">61,8 (&#177;12,8)</td>
                <td align="center">62,0 (&#177;13,8)</td>
                <td align="center">61,8 (&#177;12,4)</td>
                <td align="center">0,750</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Tempo total de acompanhamento (anos)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">7,6 (&#177;7,1)</td>
                <td align="center">7,1 (&#177;6,7)</td>
                <td align="center">7,8 (&#177;7,2)</td>
                <td align="center">0,070</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Altura (m)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">1,58 (&#177;0,09)</td>
                <td align="center">1,67 (&#177;0,08)</td>
                <td align="center">1,55 (&#177;0,07)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Peso (kg)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">73,8 (&#177;16,5)</td>
                <td align="center">79,2 (&#177;16,5)</td>
                <td align="center">71,9 (&#177;16,1)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>&#205;ndice de massa corporal (kg/m</bold>
                  <sup>
                    <bold>2</bold>
                  </sup>
                  <bold>)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">29,3 (&#177;5,9)</td>
                <td align="center">28,3 (&#177;5,3)</td>
                <td align="center">29,7 (&#177;6,0)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Estado nutricional</bold>
                </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Sem sobrepeso</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">350 (22,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">105 (25,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">245 (21,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,084</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Com sobrepeso</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">571 (36,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">174 (42,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">397 (34,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,006</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Obeso</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">627 (40,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">130 (31,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">497 (43,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Primeira PA sist&#243;lica (mmHg)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">146,3 (&#177;24,0)</td>
                <td align="center">148,5 (&#177;24,6)</td>
                <td align="center">145,5 (&#177;23,8)</td>
                <td align="center">0,030</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Primeira PA diast&#243;lica (mmHg)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">85,5 (&#177;16,0)</td>
                <td align="center">87,2 (&#177;15,6)</td>
                <td align="center">84,9 (&#177;16,1)</td>
                <td align="center">0,014</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Segunda PA sist&#243;lica (mmHg)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">144,5 (&#177;23,1)</td>
                <td align="center">146,8 (&#177;23,1)</td>
                <td align="center">143,7 (&#177;23,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,018</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Segunda PA diast&#243;lica (mmHg)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">83,3 (&#177;13,1)</td>
                <td align="center">85,0 (&#177;12,9)</td>
                <td align="center">82,7 (&#177;13,1)</td>
                <td align="center">0,003</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Terceira PA sist&#243;lica (mmHg)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">144,3 (&#177;18,2)</td>
                <td align="center">145,1 (&#177;18,4)</td>
                <td align="center">144,0 (&#177;18,1)</td>
                <td align="center">0,320</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Terceira PA diast&#243;lica (mmHg)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">83,2 (&#177;10,2)</td>
                <td align="center">84,4 (&#177;10,4)</td>
                <td align="center">82,8 (&#177;10,1)</td>
                <td align="center">0,009</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>PA sist&#243;lica m&#233;dia (mmHg)</bold>
                  <sup>
                    <bold>&#8224;</bold>
                  </sup>
                </td>
                <td align="center">144,4 (&#177;19,1)</td>
                <td align="center">145,9 (&#177;19,4)</td>
                <td align="center">143,8 (&#177;18,9)</td>
                <td align="center">0,057</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>PA diast&#243;lica m&#233;dia (mmHg)</bold>
                  <sup>
                    <bold>&#8224;</bold>
                  </sup>
                </td>
                <td align="center">83,3 (&#177;10,6)</td>
                <td align="center">84,7 (&#177;10,7)</td>
                <td align="center">82,8 (&#177;10,6)</td>
                <td align="center">0,002</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Diabetes</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">412 (26,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">113 (27,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">299 (26,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,590</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Consumo de &#225;lcool</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">206 (13,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">108 (26,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">98 (8,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Tabagismo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">177 (11,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">73 (17,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">104 (9,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Atividade f&#237;sica</bold>
                </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Sedentarismo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">737 (47,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">172 (42,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">565 (49,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,009</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Irregular</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">231 (14,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">70 (17,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">161 (14,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,150</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Regular</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">580 (37,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">167 (40,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">413 (36,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,100</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Tratamento farmacol&#243;gico</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">1,513 (97,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">399 (97,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">1,114 (97,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,770</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>N&#250;mero de drogas anti-hipertensivas</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">2,1 (&#177; 0,8)</td>
                <td align="center">2,8 (&#177; 0,7)</td>
                <td align="center">1,7 (&#177; 0,8)</td>
                <td align="center">0,369</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>
                <italic>Valores em m&#233;dia (&#177;DP) ou n (%); PA: press&#227;o arterial; * teste t n&#227;o pareado para comparar vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas e teste do qui-quadrado para comparar vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas; signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica &#945;&lt;0,05. &#8224;m&#233;dia da segunda e da terceira leitura</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>A taxa de controle da PA na popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo foi de 68%, e esse valor foi mais alto quando somente pacientes n&#227;o diab&#233;ticos foram considerados (79%). Por outro lado, avaliando-se exclusivamente pacientes diab&#233;ticos, a taxa de controle da PA caiu para 37.9%. A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> apresenta um resumo das taxas de controle da PA em nosso estudo.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>
              <italic>&#8211; Controle da press&#227;o arterial na popula&#231;&#227;o total estudada, e em diab&#233;ticos e n&#227;o diab&#233;ticos; Goi&#226;nia, Brasil. PA: press&#227;o arterial; controle da press&#227;o arterial: PA &lt; 140 x 90 mmHg em n&#227;o diab&#233;ticos e &lt; 130 x 80 mmHg em diab&#233;ticos.</italic>
            </title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-02-0174-80384-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Indiv&#237;duos com PA sob controle tendiam a ser do sexo feminino, mais velhas, com per&#237;odos mais longos de acompanhamento e IMC mais baixo em compara&#231;&#227;o &#224;queles com PA n&#227;o controlada. Ainda, aqueles com PA controlada eram menos propensos a serem obesos, diab&#233;ticos e sedent&#225;rios comparativamente &#224;queles com PA controlada. As caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo, estratificadas por controle de PA, s&#227;o apresentadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref> .</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo segundo controle ou n&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial * (n=1548), Goi&#226;nia, Brasil</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="25%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Fator</th>
                <th>PA controlada</th>
                <th>PA n&#227;o controlada</th>
                <th>Valor de p&#8224;</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>N</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">1,053</td>
                <td align="center">495</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Sexo feminino</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">793 (75,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">346 (69,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,024</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Idade (anos)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">62,8 (&#177;13,1)</td>
                <td align="center">59,8 (&#177;11,9)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Tempo de acompanhamento (anos)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">8,1 (&#177;7,4)</td>
                <td align="center">6,6 (&#177;6,5)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Altura (m)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">1,58 (&#177;0,09)</td>
                <td align="center">1,59 (&#177;0,09)</td>
                <td align="center">0,059</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Peso (kg)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">72,4 (&#177;16,6)</td>
                <td align="center">76,9 (&#177;15,9)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>&#205;ndice de massa corporal (kg/m</bold>
                  <sup>
                    <bold>2</bold>
                  </sup>
                  <bold>)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">28,9 (&#177;5,8)</td>
                <td align="center">30,4 (&#177;6,0)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Estado nutricional</bold>
                </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Sem sobrepeso</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">262 (24,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">88 (17,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,002</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Com sobrepeso</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">399 (37,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">172 (34,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,230</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Obeso</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">392 (37,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">235 (47,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Primeira PA sist&#243;lica (mmHg)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">138,8 (19,8)</td>
                <td align="center">162,2 (24,4)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Primeira PA diast&#243;lica (mmHg)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">80,6 (14,7)</td>
                <td align="center">95,9 (13,4)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Segunda PA sist&#243;lica (mmHg)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">137,0 (18,8)</td>
                <td align="center">160,3 (23,4)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Segunda PA diast&#243;lica (mmHg)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">77,7 (9,9)</td>
                <td align="center">95,2 (11,0)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Terceira PA sist&#243;lica (mmHg)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">139,4 (15,8)</td>
                <td align="center">154,7 (18,5)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Terceira PA diast&#243;lica (mmHg)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">79,58 (7,8)</td>
                <td align="center">91,3 (10,1)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>PA sist&#243;lica m&#233;dia (mmHg)</bold>
                  <sup>
                    <bold>&#8224; &#8224;</bold>
                  </sup>
                </td>
                <td align="center">138,2 (&#177;15,8)</td>
                <td align="center">157,5 (&#177;18,9)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>PA diast&#243;lica m&#233;dia (mmHg)</bold>
                  <sup>
                    <bold>&#8224; &#8224;</bold>
                  </sup>
                </td>
                <td align="center">78,6 (&#177;7,7)</td>
                <td align="center">93,2 (&#177;9,0)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Diabetes</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">156 (14,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">256 (51,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Consumo de &#225;lcool</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">130 (12,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">76 (15,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,100</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Tabagismo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">119 (11,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">58 (11,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,810</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Atividade f&#237;sica</bold>
                </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Sedentarismo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">479 (45,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">258 (52,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,015</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Irregular</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">163 (15,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">68 (13,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,370</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Regular</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">411 (39,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">169 (34,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,064</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Tratamento farmacol&#243;gico</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">1,028 (97,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">485 (98,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,660</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>N&#250;mero de drogas anti-hipertensivas</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">3,00 (&#177; 0,81)</td>
                <td align="center">2,81 (&#177; 0,76)</td>
                <td align="center">0,432</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <p>
                <italic>Valores dados em m&#233;dias (&#177;DP) ou n (%). *Controle da press&#227;o arterial (PA) - PA &lt;140 x 90 mmHg em n&#227;o diab&#233;ticos e &lt; 130 x 80 mmHg em diab&#233;ticos. &#8224; teste t n&#227;o pareado para compara&#231;&#245;es das vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas e teste do qui-quadrado para compara&#231;&#245;es das vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas; signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica &#945;&lt;0,05. &#8225;m&#233;dia da segunda e da terceira leitura</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>O modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada usado para identificar vari&#225;veis independentemente associadas com o controle da PA nessa popula&#231;&#227;o mostrou que diabetes foi inversamente associado, enquanto idade &#8805; 60 anos e sexo feminino apresentaram associa&#231;&#227;o direta com controle da PA ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Vari&#225;veis independentemente associadas com controle da press&#227;o arterial (n=1548); Goi&#226;nia &#8211; Brasil</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="25%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th>Odds Ratio</th>
                <th>[Intervalo de confian&#231;a 95%]</th>
                <th>Valor de p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Diabetes</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">0,15</td>
                <td align="center">[0,11-0,20]</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Idade &#8805; 60 anos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">1,45</td>
                <td align="center">[1,13-1,90]</td>
                <td align="center">0,005</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Sexo feminino</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">1,36</td>
                <td align="center">[1,09-1,88]</td>
                <td align="center">0,022</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Consumo de &#225;lcool</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">0,80</td>
                <td align="center">[0,56-1,15]</td>
                <td align="center">0,183</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Tabagismo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">1,25</td>
                <td align="center">[0,80-1,80]</td>
                <td align="center">0,330</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Sedentarismo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">0,78</td>
                <td align="center">[0,60-1,02]</td>
                <td align="center">0,053</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Tratamento farmacol&#243;gico</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">1,12</td>
                <td align="center">[0,50-2,47]</td>
                <td align="center">0,741</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>&#205;ndice de massa corporal (Kg/m</bold>
                  <sup>
                    <bold>2</bold>
                  </sup>
                  <bold>)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">0,97</td>
                <td align="center">[0,95-1,01]</td>
                <td align="center">0,088</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Tempo de acompanhamento (anos)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">1,01</td>
                <td align="center">[1,00-1,03]</td>
                <td align="center">0,098</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>N&#250;mero de drogas anti-hipertensivas</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">0,85</td>
                <td align="center">[0,68-1,01]</td>
                <td align="center">0,320</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>N&#243;s avaliamos os dados de mais de 1500 pacientes hipertensos acompanhamentos regularmente em um servi&#231;o de cuidado multidisciplinar para mostrar os resultados dessa abordagem em equipe em uma situa&#231;&#227;o real. Todos os pacientes inclu&#237;dos no estudo foram encaminhados para um centro especializado no tratamento da hipertens&#227;o e tiveram o tratamento coberto pelo Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de. Ainda, as caracter&#237;sticas basais dos pacientes eram similares &#224;quelas descritas no Registro Brasileiro de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> mostrando a capacidade de se generalizar os resultados deste estudo. Quase 70% dos pacientes apresentavam a PA controlada, e essa taxa subiu para 79% quando somente pacientes n&#227;o diab&#233;ticos foram considerados. O controle da PA foi inversamente associado com diabetes e diretamente associado com idade &#8805; 60 anos e sexo feminino.</p>
      <p>Estudos populacionais conduzidos no Brasil mostraram que as taxas de controle da PA variaram de 10,1% a 57,6%, dependendo da regi&#227;o do pa&#237;s e caracter&#237;sticas dos pacientes. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> Nenhum desses estudos, no entanto, utilizou dados obtidos de centros de tratamento em equipe. Nossa taxa de controle da PA global (68%) foi maior que as obtidas por tratamento convencionais. Em compara&#231;&#227;o &#224;s taxas de controle da PA relatadas em outros pa&#237;ses de renda m&#233;dia como a &#193;frica do Sul (30 e 49%) <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> e mesmo a um pa&#237;s de alta renda como os Estados Unidos (48%), <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> n&#243;s encontramos resultados melhores com interven&#231;&#227;o baseada em equipe no estudo atual.</p>
      <p>O controle da PA em pacientes com HTN e diabetes &#233; um desafio; as taxas de controle s&#227;o geralmente mais baixas em compara&#231;&#227;o a de pacientes hipertensos sem diabetes. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, pacientes diab&#233;ticos hipertensos t&#234;m maior chance de desenvolverem HTN resistente verdadeira. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref></sup> Somente 37,9% de nossos pacientes diab&#233;ticos hipertensos apresentavam PA controlada, em oposi&#231;&#227;o a 79% entre pacientes n&#227;o diab&#233;ticos. Ainda, o diabetes apresentou associa&#231;&#227;o inversa e independente com o controle da PA nesta abordagem terap&#234;utica multidisciplinar.</p>
      <p>Idade avan&#231;ada tem sido associada com controle da PA em diferentes popula&#231;&#245;es. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref></sup> Nossos resultados refor&#231;am esse dado, uma vez que idade &#8805; 60 anos apresentou associa&#231;&#227;o direta com o controle da PA. Al&#233;m disso, nosso estudo &#233; original ao apresentar uma associa&#231;&#227;o entre idades mais avan&#231;adas e controle da PA em um abordagem de tratamento baseado em equipe.</p>
      <p>Diferen&#231;a na taxa de controle da PA entre sexo &#233; controversa. Enquanto alguns estudos apontam que mulheres t&#234;m maior probabilidade de apresentarem HTN n&#227;o controlada em compara&#231;&#227;o a homens, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup> outros indicaram uma associa&#231;&#227;o entre sexo feminino e controle adequado da PA. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> Em nosso servi&#231;o de equipe multidisciplinar, esta &#233; a primeira vez que os resultados apontam para uma associa&#231;&#227;o direta entre sexo feminino e melhores taxas de controle da PA. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados s&#227;o geralmente considerados a melhor evid&#234;ncia cientifica para se confirmar ou n&#227;o a efic&#225;cia e a seguran&#231;a de um tratamento. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref></sup> Uma vez que h&#225; evid&#234;ncias dispon&#237;veis e diretrizes recomendam tratamentos, &#233; importante avaliar o desempenho dessas interven&#231;&#245;es na vida real. A realidade do cuidado ao paciente em um ensaio cl&#237;nico randomizado &#233; diferente da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica di&#225;ria em muitos aspectos <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref></sup> Nesse sentido, os resultados positivos apresentados aqui, particularmente considerando que nosso estudo foi realizado em um servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de p&#250;blico de um pa&#237;s com recursos limitados, refor&#231;am a import&#226;ncia de uma abordagem baseada em equipe no tratamento da hipertens&#227;o.</p>
      <p>O delineamento do estudo pode ser considerado como uma limita&#231;&#227;o, uma vez que realizamos um estudo retrospectivo unic&#234;ntrico, sem grupo controle. Apesar disso, todos os prontu&#225;rios m&#233;dicos s&#227;o objetivos e seu preenchimento exaustivamente treinado nesse centro, contribuindo para a confiabilidade dos dados. Ainda, apesar de sabermos que o uso de um grupo controle seria mais apropriado, os resultados positivos aqui encontrados podem ser usados como base para estudos futuros e ajudar como informa&#231;&#227;o aos profissionais de sa&#250;de sobre uma estrat&#233;gia bem sucedida no manejo de pacientes com HTN.</p>
      <p>Outra limita&#231;&#227;o potencial refere-se &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o da atividade f&#237;sica. Somente atividade f&#237;sica formal ou planejada &#8211; caminhada, corrida, ciclismo, nata&#231;&#227;o, treinamento de for&#231;a, etc. &#8211; foi considerada na an&#225;lise em nosso estudo. Assim, as atividades f&#237;sicas di&#225;rias n&#227;o foram consideradas e, portanto, os resultados de estilo de vida sedent&#225;rio podem ter sido superestimados.</p>
      <p>Custos de implementa&#231;&#227;o e manuten&#231;&#227;o devem ser considerados no tratamento em equipe da hipertens&#227;o. Apesar disso, a avalia&#231;&#227;o econ&#244;mica dessa interven&#231;&#227;o em pa&#237;ses de alta renda mostrou que a abordagem multidisciplinar para melhorar o controle da PA &#233; custo efetiva. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref></sup> As mesmas avalia&#231;&#245;es devem ser realizadas em pa&#237;ses de renda m&#233;dia-baixa.</p>
      <p>Dados os resultados positivos do presente estudo e estudos pr&#233;vios envolvendo pacientes do mesmo centro de tratamento da HTN, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref></sup> o formato adotado em nosso servi&#231;o pode ser um modelo para outros centros de tratamento de pacientes com HTN que almejam implementar uma estrat&#233;gia de tratamento em equipe.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>No presente estudo, conduzido em um ambiente real, a taxa de controle da PA ap&#243;s uma abordagem baseada em equipe a pacientes hipertensos foi 70%. A fim de melhorar esses resultados, aten&#231;&#227;o deve ser dada a pacientes diab&#233;ticos, com idade menor que 60 anos e do sexo masculino.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</p>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 1822-180. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento</p>
        <p>O presente estudo foi financiado pela Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s e Funda&#231;&#227;o de Apoio ao Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da UFG.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Blood Pressure Control and Associated Factors in a Real-World Team-Based Care Center</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7750-2792</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Thiago Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Luiza Lima</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1265-1930</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barroso</surname>
            <given-names>Weimar Kunz Sebba</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5333-013X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Cesar B. Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Thiago de Souza Veiga Jardim &#8226; Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de - Primeira Avenida S/N Setor Leste Universit&#225;rio, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: thiagoloirin@hotmail.com</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Author contributions</p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research, Obtaining financing, Writing of the manuscript and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Jardim TSV, Souza ALL, Barroso WKS, Jardim PCBV; Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of the data and Statistical analysis: Jardim TSV, Jardim PCBV.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p>Although team-based care is recommended for patients with hypertension, results of this intervention in a real-world setting are missing in the literature.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p>To report the results of a real-world long-term team-based care for hypertensive patients we conducted this study.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p>Data of hypertensive patients attending a multidisciplinary treatment center located in the Midwest region of Brazil in June 2017 with at least two follow-up visits were retrospectively assessed. Anthropometric, blood pressure (BP), follow-up time, pharmacological treatment, diabetes and lifestyle data were collected from the last visit to the service. BP values &lt; 140 x 90 mmHg in non-diabetics and &lt; 130 x 80 mmHg in diabetics were considered controlled. A logistic regression model was built to identify variables independently associated to BP control. Significance level adopted p &lt; 0.05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>A total of 1,548 patients were included, with a mean follow-up time of 7.6 &#177; 7.1 years. Most patients were female (73.6%; n=1,139) with a mean age of 61.8 &#177;12.8 years. BP control rates in all the sample, and in non-diabetics and diabetics were 68%, 79%, and 37.9%, respectively. Diabetes was inversely associated with BP control (OR 0.16; 95%CI 0.12-0.20; p&lt;0.001) while age &#8805; 60 years (OR 1.48; 95%CI 1.15-1.91; p=0.003) and female sex (OR 1.38; 95%CI 1.05-1.82; p=0.020) were directly associated.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions</title>
          <p>A BP control rate around 70% was found in patients attending a multidisciplinary team care center for hypertension. Focus on patients with diabetes, younger than 60 years and males should be given to further improve these results. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):174-181)</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Blood Pressure/prevention and control</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise</kwd>
        <kwd>Treatment Adherence and Compliance</kwd>
        <kwd>Sedentarism</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesity</kwd>
        <kwd>Life Style</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Hypertension (HTN) is defined as elevated blood pressure (BP) levels based on an average of &#8805; two careful readings obtained on &#8805; two occasions, or current use of BP-lowering medications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Although there is some debate on which thresholds should be used to define HTN, there is no doubt about the burden of HTN as a cardiovascular risk factor and a major cause of disability and death.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Elevated BP is the most important treatable risk factor for stroke, atrial fibrillation and heart failure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Reductions in BP are effective to prevent target organ damage, cardiovascular events and death in various clinical conditions involving different BP levels, cardiovascular risk profiles, and comorbidities.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Despite that, uncontrolled HTN remains a widely prevalent situation worldwide.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Among the strategies aimed to improve BP control, team-based interventions have shown to be highly promising.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> They consist of organizational, patient-centered, multifaceted interventions, led by multidisciplinary teams, aimed at improving the quality of HTB care. HTN team-based care includes patients, patient&#8217;s primary care providers, and other professionals, such as cardiologists, nurses, pharmacists, physician assistants, dietitians, social workers, community health workers, and others. These workers complement each other by providing process support and sharing responsibilities.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Although team-based care is recommended for patients with HTN by most guidelines,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> results of this intervention in a real-world setting are missing in the literature. We conducted this study aiming to report the results of a long-term multidisciplinary treatment intervention for patients with HTN, specifically assessing BP control rates and associated factors.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <p>Data of all patients with HTN aged 18 years or older, with at least two follow-up visits and attending a multidisciplinary treatment center for HTN in the Central West region of Brazil in June 2017 were retrospectively assessed by convenience.</p>
        <p>HTN was defined according to the 7th Brazilian Guidelines on Hypertension: (1) office BP &#8805; 140 &#215; 90 mmHg; ambulatory BP monitoring &#8805; 130 &#215; 80 mmHg; (3) home BP monitoring &#8805; 135 &#215; 85 mmHg.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Patients receiving HTN treatment were also considered hypertensive.</p>
        <p>The center has been functioning for more than 25 years, dedicated to the treatment of HTN, health professional education and research. Patients with recently diagnosed HTN or those with difficulties to control BP levels are referred to the center and the total number of patients enrolled in the study was 1,701. The multidisciplinary team consists of physicians (general practitioners, cardiologists, endocrinologists and nephrologists), nurses, dietitians, physical therapists, physical educators, psychologists and musical therapists. Aiming to improve treatment compliance and reduce loss of follow-up, the maximum interval between each patient appointment was three months. The maximum interval between two medical visits was six months, and regarding the other healthcare professionals, there was no routine appointments, <italic>i.e</italic> ., the visits were scheduled according to patient&#8217;s needs determined by clinical examination. Additionally, educational and health promotion activities were performed every two weeks with patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Since beginning of this multidisciplinary service, consultations have been registered in a standardized form. All healthcare professionals directly involved in patients&#8217; care were routinely trained to complete this form, ensuring data reliability and reproducibility throughout years.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
        <sec>
          <title>Data collection</title>
          <p>Data of the last visit to the service were collected, regardless of the healthcare specialty. Additionally, the dates of patient&#8217;s first visit registered in medical charts were collected and used to calculate the follow-up time (difference between the first and the last visit to the service), in years.</p>
          <p>The following data were collected from the medical records: sex; age: given in years and assessed by the difference between birth date and date of last visit; anthropometric data: weight, height and body mass index (BMI) calculated using the Quetelet formula (BMI = weight in kg/height<sup>2</sup>in meter). Nutritional status was classified according to BMI and following the World Health Organization definitions: non-overweight (BMI &lt; 25kg/m<sup>2</sup>); overweight (BMI &#8805; 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>and &lt; 30mg/kg<sup>2</sup>) and obese (BMI &#8805; 30 mg/kg<sup>2</sup>).</p>
          <p>BP: a minimum of three BP measurements, with at least 1-min interval, was taken. All measurements were performed after 5 minutes of rest, on the upper limb, with the individual sitting and the arm supported. Appropriate cuffs were used depending on arm diameter. Mean values of the last two measurements were considered for BP control definition. BP measurements were performed with oscillometric devices (OMRON semi-automatic equipment, model HEM-705CP). This routine was adopted in the service to avoid observer bias.</p>
          <p>Lifestyle: smoking (current smoker or nonsmoker); alcohol consumption (any alcohol consumption reported during the last visit); leisure physical activity (regular: &#8805;3 times a week, irregular: &lt;3 times a week and sedentary: no activity).</p>
          <p>Diabetes: definition followed the recommendations of the most recent guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Diabetes:<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> (1) symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss and casual blood glucose (values obtained at any time of the day regardless of meal times) &#8805; 200 mg/dL; (2) fasting blood glucose &#8805; 126 mg/dL; diagnosis should be confirmed by repeat testing on another day in case of small blood sugar elevations; (3) 2-hour plasma glucose value after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test &#8805; 200 mg/dL. Diabetes treatment registered in medical records was also considered as diagnosis criteria.</p>
          <p>Drug treatment: information whether patient was receiving or not pharmacological HTN treatment and the number of antihypertensive medications.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>BP control definitions</title>
          <p>Recommendations of the 7th Brazilian Guidelines on hypertension (2016)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> were adopted (BP values &lt; 140 x 90 mmHg in non-diabetics and &lt; 130 x 80 mmHg in diabetic patients) for analysis of BP control.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Multidisciplinary service</title>
          <p>Medical team: assessed symptoms, lifestyle habits and use of medications; performed patients&#8217; physical examination; analyzed complementary tests and established patient management (pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments prescription, complementary tests request, and follow-up visits schedule); referred patients to emergency care or hospitalization if acute clinical decompensation was identified.</p>
          <p>Nurses: assessed symptoms, vital signs, lifestyle habits and use of medications; instructed about compliance to both pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments; defined intervals of visits to the nurse; and referred patients for medical consultation if clinically necessary or to ensure a maximum interval of six months between two medical visits.</p>
          <p>Dietitians: emphasized nonpharmacological aspects of care, specifically the diet; collected dietary data; assessed anthropometric data and vital signs. Management was aimed at dietary guidance with emphasis on salt restriction and prescription of diets for patients with specific diagnosis such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease.</p>
          <p>Physical educators: developed and assist patients in group physical activities (strength training and aerobic exercise) three times a week and emphasized the importance of regular physical activity.</p>
          <p>The other health care professionals did not conduct formal appointments, but rather a series of educational interventions to promote patients&#8217; health. Physical therapists conducted periodical meetings previously scheduled or saw with patients at the waiting room and discussed preventive measures for injuries and falls. Similarly, psychologists and musical therapists acted mainly in the waiting room, providing instructions and interventions aimed at stress reduction and improve the waiting time.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>Statistical analysis was performed using the software STATA V14 (StataCorp., College Station, Texas, USA). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used and determined that the continuous variables were normally distributed. Continuous variables are presented as mean and standard deviation. Categorical variables are presented as n and %. Unpaired T-test was used to compare continuous variables and the chi-square test to compare categorical ones. A logistic regression model was built to identify variables independently associated to blood pressure control. Diabetes, age &#8805; 60 years, female sex, alcohol consumption, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, pharmacological treatment, BMI (kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and total follow-up time (years) were used as predictors in the model. The significance level adopted was p &lt; 0.05.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>A total of 1,548 patients were included, accounting for more than 90% of all patients attending the center (153 were not included due to missing data on the first or last visits). Mean follow-up time was 7.6 (&#177;7.1) years. Most patients were female (73.6%; n=1,139) and the mean age was 61.8 (&#177;12.8) years. Women were more likely to be obese and sedentary, while less likely to consume alcohol and smoke when compared to men. Additionally, lower BP values were found in females when compared to males. Characteristics of the study population, stratified by sex, are presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> .</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1001">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Characteristics of the study population stratified by sex (n=1,548), Goi&#226;nia, Brazil</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="20%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Factor</th>
                  <th>Overall</th>
                  <th>Male</th>
                  <th>Female</th>
                  <th>p-value<sup>*</sup></th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>N</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">1,548 (100%)</td>
                  <td align="center">409 (26.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1,139 (73.6%)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Age (years)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">61.8 (&#177;12.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">62.0 (&#177;13.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">61.8 (&#177;12.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.750</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Total follow-up time (years)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">7.6 (&#177;7.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">7.1 (&#177;6.7)</td>
                  <td align="center">7.8 (&#177;7.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.070</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Height (m)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">1.58 (&#177;0.09)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.67 (&#177;0.08)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.55 (&#177;0.07)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Weight (kg)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">73.8 (&#177;16.5)</td>
                  <td align="center">79.2 (&#177;16.5)</td>
                  <td align="center">71.9 (&#177;16.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Body mass index (kg/m</bold>
                    <sup>
                      <bold>2</bold>
                    </sup>
                    <bold>)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">29.3 (&#177;5.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">28.3 (&#177;5.3)</td>
                  <td align="center">29.7 (&#177;6.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Nutritional status</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Non-overweight</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">350 (22.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">105 (25.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">245 (21.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.084</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Overweight</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">571 (36.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">174 (42.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">397 (34.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.006</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Obese</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">627 (40.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">130 (31.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">497 (43.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>First systolic BP (mmHg)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">146.3 (&#177;24.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">148.5 (&#177;24.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">145.5 (&#177;23.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.030</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>First diastolic BP (mmHg)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">85.5 (&#177;16.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">87.2 (&#177;15.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">84.9 (&#177;16.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.014</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Second systolic BP (mmHg)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">144.5 (&#177;23.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">146.8 (&#177;23.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">143.7 (&#177;23.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.018</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Second diastolic BP (mmHg)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">83.3 (&#177;13.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">85.0 (&#177;12.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">82.7 (&#177;13.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.003</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Third systolic BP (mmHg)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">144.3 (&#177;18.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">145.1 (&#177;18.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">144.0 (&#177;18.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.320</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Third diastolic BP (mmHg)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">83.2 (&#177;10.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">84.4 (&#177;10.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">82.8 (&#177;10.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.009</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Mean systolic BP (mmHg)</bold>
                    <sup>
                      <bold>&#8224;</bold>
                    </sup>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">144.4 (&#177;19.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">145.9 (&#177;19.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">143.8 (&#177;18.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.057</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Mean diastolic BP (mmHg)</bold>
                    <sup>
                      <bold>&#8224;</bold>
                    </sup>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">83.3 (&#177;10.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">84.7 (&#177;10.7)</td>
                  <td align="center">82.8 (&#177;10.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.002</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Diabetes</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">412 (26.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">113 (27.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">299 (26.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.590</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Alcohol consumption</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">206 (13.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">108 (26.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">98 (8.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Smoking</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">177 (11.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">73 (17.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">104 (9.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Physical activity</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Sedentary</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">737 (47.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">172 (42.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">565 (49.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.009</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Irregular</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">231 (14.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">70 (17.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">161 (14.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.150</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Regular</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">580 (37.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">167 (40.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">413 (36.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.100</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Pharmacological treatment</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">1,513 (97.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">399 (97.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1,114 (97.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.770</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Number of anti- hypertensive drugs</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">2.1 (&#177; 0.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.8 (&#177; 0.7)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.7 (&#177; 0.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.369</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1001">
                <p>
                  <italic>Values given in means (&#177;SD) or n (%).<sup><bold>*</bold></sup> unpaired t-test to compare continuous variables and chi-square test for comparison of categorical variables; statistically significant at &#945;&lt;0.05.<sup>&#8224;</sup>mean value of second and third readings .</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>BP control rate in the study population was 68%, and this value was higher when only non-diabetic patients were considered (79%). On the other hand, assessing exclusively diabetic patients, BP control rate dropped to 37.9%. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref> shows a summary of BP control rates in our study.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>
                <italic>&#8211; Blood pressure control in the overall study population, non-diabetics and diabetics. Goi&#226;nia &#8211; Brazil. Blood pressure control &#8211; BP &lt; 140 x 90 mmHg in non-diabetics and &lt; 130 x 80 mmHg in diabetics.</italic>
              </title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-02-0174-80384-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Individuals with BP under control were more likely to be females, older, with longer follow-up periods and lower BMI when compared to those with uncontrolled BP. Additionally those with controlled BP were less likely to be obese, diabetic and sedentary in comparison to those without BP controlled. Characteristics of the study population, stratified by BP control, are presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref> .</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2001">
            <label>Table 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Study population characteristics by blood pressure control* (n=1,548). Goi&#226;nia &#8211; Brazil</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="25%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Factor</th>
                  <th>Controlled</th>
                  <th>Uncontrolled</th>
                  <th>p-value&#8224;</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>N</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">1,053</td>
                  <td align="center">495</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Female sex</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">793 (75.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">346 (69.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.024</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Age (years)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">62.8 (&#177;13.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">59.8 (&#177;11.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Total follow-up time (years)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">8.1 (&#177;7.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">6.6 (&#177;6.5)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Height (m)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">1.58 (&#177;0.09)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.59 (&#177;0.09)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.059</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Weight (kg)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">72.4 (&#177;16.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">76.9 (&#177;15.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Body mass index (kg/m2)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">28.9 (&#177;5.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">30.4 (&#177;6.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Nutritional status</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Non-overweight</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">262 (24.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">88 (17.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.002</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Overweight</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">399 (37.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">172 (34.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.230</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Obese</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">392 (37.2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">235 (47.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>First systolic BP (mmHg)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">138.8 (19.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">162.2 (24.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>First diastolic BP (mmHg)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">80.6 (14.7)</td>
                  <td align="center">95.9 (13.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Second systolic BP (mmHg)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">137.0 (18.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">160.3 (23.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Second diastolic BP (mmHg)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">77.7 (9.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">95.2 (11.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Third systolic BP (mmHg)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">139.4 (15.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">154.7 (18.5)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Third diastolic BP (mmHg)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">79.58 (7.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">91.3 (10.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Mean systolic BP (mmHg)</bold>
                    <sup>
                      <bold>&#8225;</bold>
                    </sup>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">138.2 (&#177;15.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">157.5 (&#177;18.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Mean diastolic BP (mmHg)</bold>
                    <sup>
                      <bold>&#8225;</bold>
                    </sup>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">78.6 (&#177;7.7)</td>
                  <td align="center">93.2 (&#177;9.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Diabetes</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">156 (14.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">256 (51.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Alcohol consumption</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">130 (12.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">76 (15.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.100</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Smoking</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">119 (11.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">58 (11.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.810</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Physical activity</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Sedentary</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">479 (45.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">258 (52.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.015</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Irregular</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">163 (15.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">68 (13.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.370</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Regular</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">411 (39.0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">169 (34.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.064</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Pharmacological treatment</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">1,028 (97.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">485 (98.0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.660</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Number of anti-hypertensive drugs</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">3.00 (&#177; 0.81)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.81 (&#177; 0.76)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.432</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2001">
                <p>
                  <italic>Values given in means (&#177;SD) or n (%). *Blood pressure control - BP &lt;140 x 90 mmHg in non-diabetics and &lt; 130 x 80 mmHg in diabetics. &#8224; unpaired T-test to compare continuous variables and Chi Square test to compare categorical ones; statistically significant at &#945;&lt;0.05. &#8225;mean value of second and third readings.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>The multivariable logistic regression model built to identify variables independently associated to BP control in this population showed that diabetes was inversely associated with BP control while age &#8805; 60 years and female sex were directly associated ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3001">
            <label>Table 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Variables independently associated to blood pressure control (n=1,548). Goi&#226;nia &#8211; Brazil</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="25%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Variables</th>
                  <th>Odds Ratio</th>
                  <th>[95% Conf.Interval]</th>
                  <th>p-value</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diabetes</td>
                  <td align="center">0.15</td>
                  <td align="center">[0.11-0.20]</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Age &#8805; 60 years</td>
                  <td align="center">1.45</td>
                  <td align="center"><bold>[</bold> 1.13-1.90 <bold>]</bold></td>
                  <td align="center">0.005</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Female sex</td>
                  <td align="center">1.36</td>
                  <td align="center"><bold>[</bold> 1.09-1.88 <bold>]</bold></td>
                  <td align="center">0.022</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Alcohol consumption</td>
                  <td align="center">0.80</td>
                  <td align="center"><bold>[</bold> 0.56-1.15 <bold>]</bold></td>
                  <td align="center">0.183</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Smoking</td>
                  <td align="center">1.25</td>
                  <td align="center"><bold>[</bold> 0.80-1.80 <bold>]</bold></td>
                  <td align="center">0.330</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sedentary lifestyle</td>
                  <td align="center">0.78</td>
                  <td align="center"><bold>[</bold> 0.60-1.02 <bold>]</bold></td>
                  <td align="center">0.053</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Pharmacological treatment</td>
                  <td align="center">1.12</td>
                  <td align="center"><bold>[</bold> 0.50-2.47 <bold>]</bold></td>
                  <td align="center">0.741</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Body mass index (kg/m2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.97</td>
                  <td align="center"><bold>[</bold> 0.95-1.01 <bold>]</bold></td>
                  <td align="center">0.088</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Total follow-up time (years)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.01</td>
                  <td align="center"><bold>[</bold> 1.00-1.03 <bold>]</bold></td>
                  <td align="center">0.098</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Number of anti-hypertensive drugs</td>
                  <td align="center">0.85</td>
                  <td align="center">[0.68-1.01]</td>
                  <td align="center">0.320</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>We assessed data of more than 1,500 hypertensive patients with regular follow-up in a team-based care center to show the results of this multidisciplinary therapeutic strategy in a real-world setting. All patients included in this study were referred to a center specialized in hypertension treatment and had their treatment fully covered by Brazil&#8217;s universal health system. Additionally, baseline characteristics of the patients were similar to those reported in the Brazilian Registry of Hypertension,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> showing the generalizability of the results of the study. Almost 70% of the all patients had their BP controlled, and those results went up to 79% considering only the non-diabetic patients. BP control was inversely associated with diabetes and directly associated with age &#8805; 60 years and female sex.</p>
        <p>Population studies conducted in Brazil showed that BP control rates varied from 10.1% to 57.6% depending on country region and patient characteristics.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> None of these studies, however, used data from team-based care centers. Our overall control rate (68%) was higher than those reported in conventional treatments in Brazil. As compared to BP control rates reported in other middle income countries like South Africa (30 and 49%),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> and even in a high-income country like the United States of America (48%),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> in the current study, we found better results with a team-based intervention.</p>
        <p>BP control in patients with HTN and diabetes is challenging; control rates are usually lower than the ones found in hypertensive patients without diabetes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> Also, diabetic hypertensive patients are more likely to develop resistant hypertension.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref></sup> Only 37.9% of our diabetic hypertensive patients had their BP under control as opposed to the 79% control rate among the non-diabetic patient. Additionally, diabetes was independently and inversely associated to BP control in this team-based care setting.</p>
        <p>Older ages have been associated to BP control in different populations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref></sup> Our results reinforce these findings since we found that age &#8805; 60 years was directly associated to BP control. Besides that, the novelty of our findings is the association between older ages and BP control in a team-based care strategy.</p>
        <p>Sex differences in BP control rates are controversial. While studies have reported that women are more likely than men to have uncontrolled HTN,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup> others have indicated an association between female sex and appropriate hypertension management.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> In our team-based care center, this is the first time that female sex is directly associated with higher HTN control rates.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Randomized controlled trials are often considered the best scientific evidence for ascertaining efficacy and safety of a treatment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref></sup> Once the evidence is available and guidelines recommend treatments, it is important to assess how such interventions perform in a real-world setting. After all, the reality of patient care in a randomized clinical trial is different from usual clinical practice in many ways.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref></sup> In that sense, the positive results shown here, particularly considering that our study was conducted in a public healthcare setting from a country with limited resources, reinforce the relevance of team-based care on hypertension management.</p>
        <p>The study design might be a limitation, since we conducted a retrospectively single center study with no control group. Despite that, all medical records are objective, and their completion is exhaustively trained in this center, contributing to reliability of the data. Additionally, although we acknowledge that using a control group would be more appropriate, the positive result found here can foster future studies and help informing the healthcare community about a successful way to manage patients with HTN.</p>
        <p>Another potential limitation regards to physical activity assessment. Only planned or formal physical activity &#8211; walking, running, cycling, swimming, strength training, etc.), was included in our definition. Therefore, daily physical activities were not considered and our sedentary lifestyle results are probably overestimated.</p>
        <p>Costs of implementation and maintenance need to be taken into account when considering a team-based care for hypertension management. Despite that, economic assessment of this intervention in high-income countries showed that team-based care to improve BP is cost-effective.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref></sup> Same assessments need to be conducted in low-to-middle income countries.</p>
        <p>Given the positive results of the present study and previous studies involving patients from the same HTN treatment center,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref></sup> the format adopted in our service can be a model for other centers handling patients diagnosed with HTN and aiming to implement a team-based strategy.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>In the present study, conducted in a real-world setting, the rate of BP control after a team-based approach to hypertensive patients was 70%. Focus on patients with diabetes, younger than 60 years and males should be given to further improve these results.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study Association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s under the protocol number 1822-180. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Sources of Funding</p>
          <p>This study was funded by Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s and Funda&#231;&#227;o de Apoio ao Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da UFG.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
