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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">RxBYWfhdWZW3tCBKpRJLYfR</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2020000500043</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20190487</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20190487</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Correla&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nico-radiogr&#225;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Caso 3/2020 &#8211; Atresia Pulmonar, Comunica&#231;&#227;o Interventricular e Origem An&#244;mala da Art&#233;ria Pulmonar Direita da Aorta Ascendente, em Evolu&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s <italic>Shunt</italic> Central Pr&#233;vio &#224; Esquerda, em Adulto Sintom&#225;tico com 40 Anos</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7773-4174</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Binotto</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Ang&#233;lica</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto</surname>
            <given-names>Alessandra Costa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo,S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Edmar Atik &#8226; Consult&#243;rio privado. Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj.73, Bela Vista. CEP 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>18</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>4 suppl 1</issue>
      <fpage>43</fpage>
      <lpage>46</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nitas</kwd>
        <kwd>Atresia Pulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Comunica&#231;&#227;o Interventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Art&#233;ria Pulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Aorta/anormalidades</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o Pulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Hip&#243;xia</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem, origem da art&#233;ria pulmonar direita da aorta ascendente</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="3"/>
        <page-count count="4"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec>
      <title>Dados cl&#237;nicos</title>
      <p>Paciente evoluiu sem sintomas desde o nascimento at&#233; a juventude, ocasi&#227;o do advento de hip&#243;xia discreta mas progressiva, que requereu a feitura de anastomose com PTFe de 8 mm entre o tronco braquiocef&#225;lico e o tronco pulmonar com 32 anos de idade. Desde ent&#227;o, mant&#233;m-se est&#225;vel com satura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio acima de 80 vol. O<sub>2</sub>%, com cansa&#231;o a moderados esfor&#231;os e com palpita&#231;&#245;es precordiais. Em uso de warfarina e enalapril.</p>
      <p><bold>Exame f&#237;sico:</bold> Bom estado geral, eupneico, cianose discreta de extremidades, baqueteamento digital moderado, pulsos normais nos quatro membros. Peso: 67 Kg, Alt.: 170 cm, PAMSD: 140x90 mmHg, FC: 105 bpm, satura&#231;&#227;o O<sub>2</sub>= 83%, Hg= 22,1 g/l, Hct= 66%.</p>
      <p><bold>Prec&#243;rdio:</bold> Abaulamento tor&#225;cico &#224; esquerda, <italic>ictus cordis</italic> palpado para fora da linha hemiclavicular esquerda, com impuls&#245;es sist&#243;licas n&#237;tidas na borda esternal esquerda (BEE). Bulhas card&#237;acas hiperfon&#233;ticas, estalido protossist&#243;lico, 2&#186; ru&#237;do desdobrado constante, sopro sist&#243;lico discreto e suave ao longo da BEE e sopro sist&#243;lico moderado na &#225;rea mitral. F&#237;gado n&#227;o palpado e pulm&#245;es limpos.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Exames complementares</title>
      <p><bold>E</bold><bold>letrocardiograma:</bold> Ritmo sinusal, sinais de sobrecarga ventricular direita, com com onda P apiculada a + 70&#176; e complexo QRS com predom&#237;nio das ondas S de V4 a V6 e eixo desviado para a direita (AQRS= +110&#186;). A onda T se mostra negativa nas deriva&#231;&#245;es precordiais com altera&#231;&#245;es difusas da repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular em todas as outras deriva&#231;&#245;es ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>
              <italic><bold>&#8211;</bold> Radiografia de t&#243;rax salienta o aumento da &#225;rea card&#237;aca com domin&#226;ncia ventricular esquerda e trama vascular pulmonar aumentada no hilo direito com diminui&#231;&#227;o em dire&#231;&#227;o ao lobo inferior. Ela se mostra diminu&#237;da &#224; esquerda com vasos mais finos. Eletrocardiograma mostra a sobrecarga ventricular direita e altera&#231;&#245;es difusas da repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular.</italic>
            </title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-114-4suppl1-0043-90487-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p><bold>Radiografia de t&#243;rax:</bold> Aumento acentuado da &#225;rea card&#237;aca a custa do arco ventricular esquerdo alongado, e arco m&#233;dio abaulado (ICT=0,53). A trama vascular pulmonar aumentada no hilo direito se afila nos campos inferiores na express&#227;o da hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar deste lado e nitidamente diminu&#237;da &#224; esquerda com vasos finos distribu&#237;dos pelos v&#225;rios lobos ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> ).</p>
      <p><bold>Ecocardiograma:</bold> Conex&#227;o atrioventricular normal, atresia pulmonar e comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular perimembranosa ampla de 27 mm e via de sa&#237;da &#250;nica com aorta (50 mm) cavalgando em mais de 50% o septo interventricular. O &#225;trio direito &#233; muito dilatado (volume de 67,2 ml/m<sup>2</sup>) assim como o &#225;trio esquerdo (62,1 ml/m<sup>2</sup>). O ventr&#237;culo direito (39 mm) &#233; dilatado e hipertr&#243;fico com disfun&#231;&#227;o discreta, com hipocinesia apical. O ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (60 mm) apresenta disfun&#231;&#227;o com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o de 47% mas sem hipertrofia (septo=parede posterior= 10 mm). Arco a&#243;rtico &#224; direita com a aorta abdominal &#224; esquerda. Visualiza-se a imagem de <italic>shunt</italic> da anastomose entre o tronco braquiocef&#225;lico e o tronco pulmonar. A art&#233;ria pulmonar direita nasce da aorta ascendente e a esquerda &#233; hipopl&#225;sica.</p>
      <p><bold>Cateterismo card&#237;aco:</bold> Mostrou a anatomia de dupla via de sa&#237;da das grandes art&#233;rias do ventr&#237;culo direito com fluxo anter&#243;grado pulmonar ex&#237;guo (considerada como atresia pulmonar) em continuidade da art&#233;ria pulmonar esquerda hipopl&#225;sica com o tronco pulmonar tamb&#233;m hipopl&#225;sico, art&#233;ria pulmonar direita dilatada e com hipertens&#227;o sist&#234;mica, emergindo da aorta ascendente ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f02">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>
              <italic><bold>&#8211;</bold> Angiografia mostra a hipoplasia da art&#233;ria pulmonar esquerda em continuidade do tronco pulmonar hipopl&#225;sico emergindo do ventr&#237;culo direito com uma abertura anular m&#237;nima (A-D), e origem da art&#233;ria pulmonar direita dilatada e hipertensa diretamente da aorta ascendente (E,F), Art&#233;ria do lobo inferior direito mais afilada (F) . APD: art&#233;ria pulmonar direita; APE: art&#233;ria pulmonar esquerda; LI-D: lobo inferior direito.</italic>
            </title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-114-4suppl1-0043-90487-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico:</bold> Atresia pulmonar, comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular, origem an&#244;mala da art&#233;ria pulmonar direita da aorta ascendente, com hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar &#224; direita e anastomose entre o tronco braquiocef&#225;lico e o tronco pulmonar, com hipoplasia pulmonar &#224; esquerda, disfun&#231;&#227;o biventricular e sinais de hip&#243;xia cr&#244;nica em evolu&#231;&#227;o, em idade adulta avan&#231;ada.</p>
      <p><bold>Racioc&#237;nio cl&#237;nico:</bold> Havia elementos cl&#237;nicos de orienta&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica da cardiopatia cong&#234;nita cianog&#234;nica com diminui&#231;&#227;o do fluxo pulmonar, com mal posi&#231;&#227;o arterial dada a hiperfonese de bulhas card&#237;acas e de atresia pulmonar em associa&#231;&#227;o &#224; comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular. A sobrecarga de ventr&#237;culo direito no eletrocardiograma expressa a predomin&#226;ncia deste ventr&#237;culo dada a obstru&#231;&#227;o pulmonar acentuada. O diagn&#243;stico da origem an&#244;mala da art&#233;ria pulmonar direita da aorta ascendente ocasionando hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar ipsilateral poderia ter sido cogitado pela valoriza&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lise adequada da trama vascular pulmonar, acentuadamente dilatada. O grau discreto da hip&#243;xia com satura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio acima de 80% guarda rela&#231;&#227;o com essa trama vascular pulmonar aumentada na radiografia de t&#243;rax, apesar da doen&#231;a vascular pulmonar. Mas, mesmo assim em adultos, proporciona um aumento consider&#225;vel das hem&#225;cias e da sua concentra&#231;&#227;o em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; do soro. O diagn&#243;stico da anomalia foi bem estabelecido pela ecocardiografia, e principalmente pela angiografia.</p>
      <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico diferencial:</bold> Outras cardiopatias que se acompanham de comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular e de atresia pulmonar apresentam outros elementos que as diferenciam nos exames complementares usuais, como na dupla via de entrada de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo ou direito, nas atresias das valvas atrioventriculares, na transposi&#231;&#227;o corrigida das grandes art&#233;rias e em outras mais raras. O contraste das duas circula&#231;&#245;es pulmonares, mais acentuada &#224; direita e diminu&#237;da &#224; esquerda poderia orientar &#224; presen&#231;a de estenose deste lado e hiperfluxo por circula&#231;&#227;o colateral no outro lado. Mas nessa condi&#231;&#227;o haveria sopro cont&#237;nuo n&#237;tido principalmente no dorso &#224; direita. Da&#237; a origem da art&#233;ria pulmonar direita da aorta ascendente poderia ser cogitada clinicamente, mesmo antes do diagn&#243;stico anat&#244;mico firmado.</p>
      <p><bold>Conduta:</bold> Apesar do balanceamento dos fluxos pulmonar e sist&#234;mico ao longo do tempo, e com sinais de hipoxemia e de disfun&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica se pressente a necessidade de aumentar um pouco mais o fluxo pulmonar para melhorar a qualidade de vida com melhor toler&#226;ncia f&#237;sica. Em face da complexidade anat&#244;mica, da hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar &#224; direita e da disfun&#231;&#227;o biventricular presentes, houve a considera&#231;&#227;o da conduta expectante cl&#237;nica, apesar de riscos evolutivos inerentes.</p>
      <p><bold>Coment&#225;rios:</bold> A evolu&#231;&#227;o natural deste paciente at&#233; a idade adulta nos salienta elementos desfavor&#225;veis, relacionados &#224; doen&#231;a vascular pulmonar &#224; direita, dada a anomalia da art&#233;ria pulmonar direita com origem direta da aorta ascendente, com n&#237;tida transmiss&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica. Ademais, a hip&#243;xia cr&#244;nica ter ocasionado a disfun&#231;&#227;o biventricular, al&#233;m das outras les&#245;es respons&#225;veis pela maior hipertrofia ventricular como a atresia pulmonar e a pr&#243;pria dextroposi&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica. Houve melhora cl&#237;nica ap&#243;s a anastomose sist&#234;mico-pulmonar, o que foi de boa conduta na atenua&#231;&#227;o da hip&#243;xia. No entanto, em face de outros par&#226;metros, espera-se a deteriora&#231;&#227;o mais r&#225;pida com aparecimento de complica&#231;&#245;es de trombose, embolia, arritmias, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e at&#233; eventos s&#250;bitos. Por outro lado, a conduta expectante considerada foi a mais plaus&#237;vel em vista do risco cir&#250;rgico elevado e consider&#225;vel nesta faixa et&#225;ria, al&#233;m da hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar presente &#224; direita, e sem solu&#231;&#227;o funcional adequada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Pergunta-se, em casos semelhantes na idade infantil, se n&#227;o seria mais conveniente a tentativa da corre&#231;&#227;o mais precoce. Sem d&#250;vida ela sempre deve ser considerada em estados distintos a moldar uma anatomia adequada e favor&#225;vel &#224; din&#226;mica sangu&#237;nea.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Esta associa&#231;&#227;o de defeitos &#233; extremamente rara haja vista que na literatura s&#227;o descritos tr&#234;s casos semelhantes e todos da origem an&#244;mala da art&#233;ria pulmonar esquerda da aorta ascendente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
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          </person-group>
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              <given-names>DR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kreitmann</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tatou</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Riberi</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
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              <surname>Werment</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Clinicoradiological Correlation</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Case 3/2020 &#8211; Pulmonary Atresia, Interventricular Communication and Anomalous Origin of the Right Pulmonary Artery from the Ascending Aorta developing after Prior Left Central Shunt, in a Symptomatic 40-year-old Adult.</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7773-4174</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Binotto</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Ang&#233;lica</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto</surname>
            <given-names>Alessandra Costa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Edmar Atik &#8226; Private office. Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj.73, Bela Vista. Postal Code 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: conatik@incor.usp.br</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart Defects, Congenital</kwd>
        <kwd>Pulmonary Atresia, Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Pulmonary Artery</kwd>
        <kwd>Aorta/abnormalities</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension, Pulmonary</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypoxia</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagnostic, Imaging, origin of right pulmonary artery from ascending aorta</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p><bold>Clinical Data:</bold> The patient had no symptoms from birth to young adulthood, when he developed more progressive mild hypoxia, which required an anastomosis with 8 mm PTFE graft between the brachiocephalic trunk and the pulmonary trunk, at the age of 32. Since then, the patient remains stable with oxygen saturation levels above 80%, fatigue on moderate exertion and precordial palpitations. He used warfarin and enalapril.</p>
      <p><bold>Physical examination:</bold> Good overall health status, eupneic, mild cyanosis in the extremities, moderate digital clubbing, normal pulses in the 4 limbs. Weight: 67 Kg; height: 170 cm; right upper limb blood pressure: 140x90 mmHg; HR: 105 bpm; O2 Saturation = 83%, Hg= 22.1 g/l; Hct= 66%.</p>
      <p><bold>Precordium:</bold> Left chest bulge, apex beat palpable outside the left hemiclavicular line, with clear systolic impulses at the left sternal border (LSB). Hyperphonetic heart sounds, protosystolic click, constant split 2nd heart sound, discrete and mild systolic murmur along the LSB and moderate continuous murmur in the mitral region. The liver was not palpable, and the lungs were clear.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Complementary examinations</title>
        <p><bold>Electrocardiogram:</bold> Sinus rhythm, signs of right cavity overload, with apiculate P wave + 70&#186;, QRS complex showing predominance of S waves from V4 to V6 and axis deviated to the right (AQRS= +110&#176;). The T wave was negative in the precordial leads with diffuse ventricular repolarization changes in all other leads ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>
                <italic><bold>&#8211;</bold> Chest X-ray showing enlarged cardiac area with left ventricular dominance and increased pulmonary vascular network in the right hila, with a reduction towards the lower lobe. It is reduced to the left with thinner blood vessels. Electrocardiogram shows right cavity overload and diffuse ventricular repolarization changes.</italic>
              </title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-114-4suppl1-0043-90487-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p><bold>Chest X-ray:</bold> Marked enlargement of the cardiac area on account of the elongated left ventricular arch, and bulging middle arch (CTI=0.53). The increased pulmonary vascular network in the right hila tapers off towards the lower lobes, in pulmonary artery hypertension expression, and is clearly reduced on the left side with thin blood vessels coursing through several lobes ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref> ).</p>
        <p><bold>Echocardiogram:</bold> Normal atrioventricular connection, pulmonary atresia, wide perimembranous interventricular communication (27 mm) and single outflow tract with aorta (50 mm), overriding the interventricular septum for more than 50%. The right atrium is very dilated (RAV=67.2 ml/m<sup>2</sup>), as well as the left atrium (62.1 ml/m<sup>2</sup>). The right ventricle (39 mm) is dilated and hypertrophic, with moderate dysfunction and apical hypokinesia. The left ventricle (60 mm) shows dysfunction with ejection fraction of 47%, but without hypertrophy (septum=posterior wall= 10 mm). Right-sided aortic arch with left-sided abdominal aorta. Shunt anastomosis between the brachiocephalic trunk and the pulmonary trunk is visualized. The right pulmonary artery originates from the ascending aorta, and the left one is hypoplastic.</p>
        <p><bold>Cardiac catheterization:</bold> It revealed the anatomy of a double outlet of the great arteries from the right ventricle with minimal antegrade pulmonary blood flow (considered as pulmonary atresia), hypoplastic left pulmonary artery in continuity, associated with hypoplasia of the pulmonary trunk, dilated right pulmonary artery and systemic hypertension originating from the ascending aorta ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 2</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02001">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>
                <italic><bold>&#8211;</bold> Angiotomography showing hypoplasia of the left pulmonary artery, with hypoplastic pulmonary artery continuity emerging from the right ventricle with minimum annular opening (A-D), and origin from dilated and hypertensive right pulmonary artery directly from the ascending aorta (E,F), Thinner inferior right lobe artery (F). RPA: right pulmonary artery; LPA: left pulmonary artery; IL-R: inferior right lobe.</italic>
              </title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-114-4suppl1-0043-90487-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p><bold>Clinical diagnosis:</bold> Pulmonary atresia, interventricular communication, anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta, right-sided pulmonary artery hypertension and anastomosis between the brachiocephalic trunk and the pulmonary trunk, with left pulmonary hypoplasia, biventricular dysfunction and signs of chronic progressive hypoxia in later adulthood.</p>
        <p><bold>Clinical reasoning:</bold> There were clinical elements leading to a diagnosis of cyanogenic congenital heart disease with decreased pulmonary flow, with arterial malposition considering the hyperphonetic heart sounds and pulmonary atresia in association with interventricular communication. The right ventricular overload on the electrocardiogram demonstrates the predominance of this ventricle, given the marked pulmonary obstruction. The diagnosis of anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta, leading to ipsilateral pulmonary artery hypertension, could be considered by means of the appreciation and adequate analysis of the markedly dilated pulmonary vascular network. The discrete degree of hypoxia with oxygen saturation of approximately 80% is associated with this increased pulmonary vascular network on the chest X-ray, despite the pulmonary vascular disease. Still, even in adults, it provides a considerable increase in red blood cells and their levels in relation to that of serum. The diagnosis of the anomaly was well established by the echocardiography and mainly by the angiography.</p>
        <p><bold>Differential diagnosis:</bold> Other heart diseases that accompany interventricular communication and pulmonary atresia show other features that differentiate them in the usual complementary exams, such as the double inlet left or right ventricle, in atrioventricular valve atresia, corrected transposition of the great arteries and in rarer diseases. The contrasts in the two pulmonary circulations, more marked on the right and reduced on the left, could orient towards the presence of stenosis on this side and hyperflow due to collateral circulation on the other side. However, in this condition there would be a clear continuous murmur, mainly at the right back. Thus, origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta could be clinically considered, even before the anatomical diagnosis.</p>
        <p><bold>Conduct:</bold> Despite the balance of the pulmonary and systemic flows over time, with signs of hypoxemia and myocardial dysfunction, the need to increase pulmonary flow to improve quality of life with better physical tolerance is presumed. In face of the anatomical complexity, right-sided pulmonary artery hypertension and biventricular dysfunction, the consideration of the expectant conduct was not ruled out, despite the development risks involved.</p>
        <p><bold>Comments:</bold> The natural evolution of this patient until the adult age highlights unfavorable elements, related to right-sided pulmonary vascular disease, given the anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta, with clear transmission of systemic blood pressure. Furthermore, chronic hypoxia induced biventricular dysfunction, in addition to other injuries responsible for the greatest ventricular hypertrophy, such as pulmonary atresia and even aortic dextroposition. There was clinical improvement after the performance of systemic-pulmonary anastomosis, which was a useful strategy for hypoxia mitigation. However, in face of the other parameters, a quicker deterioration is expected, with the emergence of thrombosis, embolism, arrhythmias, heart failure complications and even sudden events. On the other hand, the expectant conduct considered was the most plausible in view of the high and considerable surgical risk in this age group, in addition to right-sided pulmonary arterial hypertension, and no adequate functional solution.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The question is, in similar cases in childhood, whether it would be more convenient to attempt an earlier correction. Undoubtedly, it should always be considered at different conditions to create an anatomic shape that is adequate and favorable to blood dynamics.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The combination of these defects is extremely rare since in the literature three similar cases are described, all of them involving the anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
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