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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">9kNMQcZp7yv5s7ssB9QqLwg</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2020000500016</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20180427</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20180427</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Arterite de C&#233;lulas Gigantes com Envolvimento A&#243;rtico Cursando com S&#237;ndrome Cardiovocal (S&#237;ndrome de Ortner)</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6239-9825</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lamas</surname>
            <given-names>Edgar Stroppa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bononi</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo Luiz Jos&#233; Rogoni</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Reis</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Augusto Cotta de &#193;vila</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital 13 de Maio</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Sorriso</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MT</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Hospital 13 de Maio , Departamento de Cardiologia , Sorriso , MT &#8211; Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01">Correspond&#234;ncia: Edgar Stroppa Lamas Hospital 13 de Maio &#8211; Avenida Brasil, 2346. CEP 78890000, Sorriso, MT &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>edslamas@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Lamas ES. Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Lamas ES, Boroni RLJR, Reis PACA. An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Lamas ES, Boroni RLJR, Reis PACA. Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Lamas ES. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Lamas ES, Boroni RLJR, Reis PACA.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de Interesse</p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>18</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>4 suppl 1</issue>
      <fpage>16</fpage>
      <lpage>18</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Arterite de C&#233;lulas Gigantes</kwd>
        <kwd>Aneurisma de Aorta Tor&#225;cica/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Cardiovocal</kwd>
        <kwd>Traumatismos do Nervo Laringeo Recorrente</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome de Ortner</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="9"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Arterite de c&#233;lulas gigantes ou arterite temporal &#233; a arterite de grandes vasos mais comum em pa&#237;ses ocidentais, acometendo geralmente pacientes acima de 50 anos. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Na maioria dos casos sintomas cranianos est&#227;o presentes, no entanto, manifesta&#231;&#227;o exclusivamente extracranianas pode ocorrer em at&#233; 22% dos casos. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O envolvimento a&#243;rtico e de outros grandes vasos (car&#243;tidas, subcl&#225;vias) &#233; frequente neste contexto. Observa-se acometimento da advent&#237;cia da art&#233;ria principalmente por ativa&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas gerando processo inflamat&#243;rio granulomatoso em focos m&#250;ltiplos com intensa presen&#231;a linfoc&#237;tica. A ocorr&#234;ncia de aneurismas de aorta tor&#225;cica &#233; reportado em cerca de 20% dos pacientes. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A s&#237;ndrome cardiovocal tamb&#233;m conhecida com S&#237;ndrome de Ortner caracteriza-se pelo acometimento n&#227;o maligno do nervo lar&#237;ngeo recorrente secund&#225;rio a causas cardiovasculares principalmente patologias que levam aumento do &#225;trio esquerdo e aneurisma da aorta tor&#225;cica. Trata-se de condi&#231;&#227;o rara que leva a rouquid&#227;o por compress&#227;o do referido nervo. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Neste relato descrevemos um caso incomum de uma paciente com arterite de c&#233;lulas gigantes com manifesta&#231;&#245;es extracranianas por acometimento da aorta tor&#225;cica culminado com s&#237;ndrome cardiovocal. Associa&#231;&#227;o esta rara, nunca descrita na literatura brasileira.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="cases">
      <title>Relato de caso</title>
      <p>Paciente de 65 anos atendida em ambulat&#243;rio de cardiologia com queixa de febre iniciada h&#225; 30 dias, hiporexia e perda ponderal. Nos &#250;ltimos 10 dias iniciou quadro de dor tor&#225;cica a esquerda cont&#237;nua sem car&#225;ter anginoso, motivo pelo qual foi encaminhada a consulta cardiol&#243;gica ap&#243;s investiga&#231;&#227;o inicial com infectologista. Antecedentes patol&#243;gicos inclu&#237;am hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica de longa data e passado de tabagismo (carga tab&#225;gica de 20 anos-ma&#231;o).</p>
      <p>Ao exame f&#237;sico paciente apresentava regular estado geral e hipocorada. Ausculta card&#237;aca e pulmonar sem anormalidades. Sopro carot&#237;deo &#224; direita. Pulso radial e braquial esquerdo ligeiramente diminu&#237;do em rela&#231;&#227;o ao direito. Press&#227;o arterial aferida mostrava 140/80 mmHg e 120x70 mmHg no membro superior direito e esquerdo respectivamente.</p>
      <p>Exames laboratoriais evidenciam anemia normocr&#244;mica e normoc&#237;tica (Hb: 10,6 g/dL), velocidade de hemossedimenta&#231;&#227;o (VHS) de 115 mm/1hora) e prote&#237;na c-reativa (PCR) 48 mg/L. Demais exames laboratoriais sem altera&#231;&#245;es dignas de nota. Solicitado doppler arterial de vasos cervicais que mostrou aumento de espessura do complexo m&#233;dio intimal e placa obstrutiva de 70% na art&#233;ria car&#243;tida interna direta. Observa-se tamb&#233;m fluxo retr&#243;gado da art&#233;ria vertebral esquerda para art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via esquerda (s&#237;ndrome do roubo da art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via tipo III).</p>
      <p>Diante dos achados de comprometimento carot&#237;deo e da subcl&#225;via em paciente com sintomas constitucionais, com provas de atividades inflamat&#243;rias elevadas e dor tor&#225;cica foi solicitada angiotomografia de aorta tor&#225;cica. Exame evidenciou dilata&#231;&#227;o aneurism&#225;tica da aorta tor&#225;cica com importante espessamento parietal logo ap&#243;s a emerg&#234;ncia da art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via esquerda com di&#226;metro de 24x28 mm ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01"> Figura 1 </xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>
              <italic><bold>&#8211;</bold> Angiotomografia da aorta tor&#225;cica. A) Dilata&#231;&#227;o aneurism&#225;tica sacular ap&#243;s a emerg&#234;ncia da subcl&#225;via esquerda, parcialmente trombosada, medindo 4,2 cm de comprimento e 2,4 x 2,8 cm nos maiores di&#226;metros. B) Imagem obtida ap&#243;s reconstru&#231;&#227;o.</italic>
            </title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-114-4suppl1-0016-80427-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Baseado nos crit&#233;rios diagn&#243;sticos do <italic>American College of Rheumatology</italic> 1990 <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> foi aventada hip&#243;tese de artrite de c&#233;lulas gigantes na forma extracraniana com comprometimento a&#243;rtico. Foi iniciada corticoterpaia com prednisona 60 mg/dia.</p>
      <p>Nos dias subsequentes a paciente evolui com rouquid&#227;o persistente. Solicitada videolaringoscopia que evidencia paralisa da corda vocal esquerda ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02"> Figura 2 </xref> ). Devida &#224; correla&#231;&#227;o anat&#244;mica do aneurisma com nervo lar&#237;ngeo recorrente esquerdo foi estabelecido o diagn&#243;stico de s&#237;ndrome cardiovocal (ou s&#237;ndrome de Ortner).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f02">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>
              <italic><bold>&#8211;</bold> Imagem obtida por videolaringoscopia evidencia assimetria das cordas vocais, com sinais da paralisa da corda vocal esquerda.</italic>
            </title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-114-4suppl1-0016-80427-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Ap&#243;s corticoterapia paciente apresentou melhora significativa dos sintomas constitucionais e da dor tor&#225;cica. Marcadores inflamat&#243;rios ap&#243;s duas semanas de tratamento apresentaram queda importante (VHS: 20 mm/1hora e PCR: 1,0g/L) e houve melhora da anemia (Hb: 12,4 g/dL). No seguimento de 30 dias a paciente mant&#233;m-se assintom&#225;tica com melhora discreta da rouquid&#227;o ap&#243;s in&#237;cio de fonoterapia.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>A arterite de c&#233;lulas gigantes mesmo sendo uma condi&#231;&#227;o com preval&#234;ncia n&#227;o desprez&#237;vel em algumas situa&#231;&#245;es pode apresentar dif&#237;cil diagn&#243;stico, principalmente quando sintomas cranianos como cefaleia temporal est&#227;o ausentes. No entanto diante de perfil epidemiol&#243;gico apropriado, associado a sintomas constitucionais sem explica&#231;&#227;o evidente e ind&#237;cios de acometimento de grandes vasos seu diagn&#243;stico deve ser aventado.</p>
      <p>Trata de condi&#231;&#227;o mais frequente no sexo feminino na propor&#231;&#227;o de 4:1. Hist&#243;ria de tabagismo, como no nosso caso, aumento em creca de 6 vezes o risco de desenvolv&#234;-la. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Os crit&#233;rios diagn&#243;sticos foram estabelecidos em 1990 pelo <italic>American College of Rheumatology</italic> . A bi&#243;psia de art&#233;ria temporal evidenciando padr&#227;o inflamat&#243;rio granulomatoso faz parte dos crit&#233;rios, no entanto, carece de sensibilidade adequada podendo ser evitada no contexto apropriado na presen&#231;a de quadro cl&#237;nico sugestivo e com exames de imagens compat&#237;veis com acometimento de grandes vasos. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A presen&#231;a de VHS elevada (geralmente acima de 55 mm/1hora) &#233; dado laboratorial inespec&#237;fico, por&#233;m muito frequente. Assim com a resposta r&#225;pida e eficaz, a corticoterapia fortalece sua possibilidade diagn&#243;stica. O acometimento a&#243;rtico n&#227;o &#233; achado infrequente e seu reconhecimento precoce bem como respectivo tratamento &#233; fundamental para minimizar complica&#231;&#245;es agudas e cr&#244;nicas. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A s&#237;ndrome de Ortner ou s&#237;ndrome cardiovocal, descrita pela primeira vez em 1897, trata-se de situa&#231;&#227;o rara que se caracteriza pela compress&#227;o do nervo lar&#237;ngeo recorrente por condi&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares levado a rouquid&#227;o, disfagia e disfonia. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Sua associa&#231;&#227;o com arterite de c&#233;lulas gigantes &#233; extremamente rara e infrequente como apresentado no nosso caso. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Este caso apresenta uma associa&#231;&#227;o incomum cujo reconhecimento &#233; fundamental para correto manejo e terap&#234;utica apropriada no intuito de minimizar complica&#231;&#245;es adjacentes da arterite de c&#233;lulas gigantes.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</p>
        <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>Fontes de Financiamento</p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Giant Cell Arteritis with Aortic Involvement Leading to Cardio Vocal Syndrome (Ortner&#8217;s Syndrome)</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6239-9825</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lamas</surname>
            <given-names>Edgar Stroppa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bononi</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo Luiz Jos&#233; Rogoni</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Reis</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Augusto Cotta de &#193;vila</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital 13 de Maio, Departamento de Cardiologia, Sorriso, MT &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Edgar Stroppa Lamas Hospital 13 de Maio &#8211; Avenida Brasil, 2346. Posta Code 78890000, Sorriso, MT &#8211; Brazil E-mail: edslamas@gmail.com</corresp>
        <fn id="fn1001">
          <p>Author contributions</p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Lamas ES. Acquisition of data: Lamas ES, Boroni RLJR, Reis PACA. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Lamas ES, Boroni RLJR, Reis PACA. Writing of the manuscript: Lamas ES. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Lamas ES, Boroni RLJR, Reis PACA.</p>
          <p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Giant Cells Arteritis</kwd>
        <kwd>Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Vocal Cord Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve</kwd>
        <kwd>Ortner&#8217;s Syndrome</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Giant cell arteritis or temporal arteritis is the most common large-vessel arteritis in Western countries, generally affecting patients over 50 years of age.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> In most cases cranial symptoms are present, however, exclusively extracranial manifestations can occur in up to 22% of cases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The involvement of aortic and other large vessels (carotid, subclavian) is frequent in this context. The involvement of the adventitia of the artery is observed mainly by activation of dendritic cells generating a granulomatous inflammatory process in multiple foci with intense lymphocytic presence. The occurrence of thoracic aortic aneurysms is reported in about 20% of patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The cardiovocal syndrome also known as Ortner&#8217;s Syndrome is characterized by non-malignant involvement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve secondary to cardiovascular causes, mainly pathologies that lead to enlargement of the left atrium and thoracic aortic aneurysm. This is a rare condition that leads to hoarseness by compression of the aforementioned nerve.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In this report, we describe an unusual case of a patient with giant-cell arteritis with extracranial manifestations due to involvement of the thoracic aorta culminating with cardiovocal syndrome. This association is rare, never described in Brazilian literature.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="cases">
        <title>Case Report</title>
        <p>At 65 years old female patient seen in outpatient cardiology with a complaint of fever started 30 days ago, hyporexia and weight loss. In the last 10 days, she started with continuous left thoracic pain without angina patterns, which is why she was referred for a cardiological appointment after an initial investigation with an infectologist. Pathological antecedents included long-standing systemic arterial hypertension and smoking history (20-year smoking load).</p>
        <p>At physical examination, the patient presented regular general condition and skin pallor. Cardiac and pulmonary auscultation without abnormalities. Right carotid bruit. Left radial and brachial pulses slightly decreased in relation to the right. Blood pressure measured was 140/80 mmHg and 120/70 mmHg in the right and left upper limbs, respectively.</p>
        <p>Laboratory tests showed normochromic and normocytic anemia (Hb:10.6 g/dl), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of 115 mm/1 hour, and C-reactive protein (CRP) of 48mg/L. Other laboratory tests with no significant changes. Arterial Doppler of cervical vessels was requested and showed increased thickness of the intima-medial complex and 70% obstructive plaque in the direct internal carotid artery. Retrograde flow from the left vertebral artery to the left subclavian artery (type III subclavian artery steal syndrome) was also observed.</p>
        <p>Facing the findings of carotid and subclavian involvement in a patient with constitutional symptoms, with evidence of high inflammatory activity and chest pain, a computed tomography angiography of the thoracic aorta was requested. Examination showed aneurysmatic dilation of the thoracic aorta with significant parietal thickening soon after the emergence of the left subclavian artery with a diameter of 24x28mm ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>
                <italic>- Computed tomography angiography. A) Saccular aneurysmatic dilation after the emergence of the left subclavian, partially thrombosed, measuring 4.2 cm in length and 2.4 x 2.8 cm in the largest diameters. B) Image obtained after 3D reconstruction.</italic>
              </title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-114-4suppl1-0016-80427-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Based on <italic>American College of Rheumatology</italic> 1990<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> diagnostic criteria, a hypothesis of giant-cell arthritis in extracranial form with aortic involvement was suggested. Corticotherapy was initiated with prednisone 60mg/day.</p>
        <p>In the following days, the patient evolved with persistent hoarseness. Videolaryngoscopy was requested which showed paralysis of the left vocal cord ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 2</xref> ). Due to the anatomical correlation of the aneurysm with the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, the diagnosis of cardiovocal syndrome (or Ortner&#8217;s syndrome) was established.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02001">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>
                <italic>- Image obtained by videolaryngoscopy shows asymmetry of the vocal cords, with signs of left vocal cord paralysis.</italic>
              </title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-114-4suppl1-0016-80427-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>After corticotherapy, the patient obtained a significant improvement in constitutional symptoms and chest pain. Inflammatory markers after two weeks of treatment showed a significant drop (ESR: 20mm/1 hour and PCR: 1.0 g/L) and there was an improvement in anemia (Hb: 12.4 g/dl). In the 30-day follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic with a slight improvement of hoarseness after starting phonoaudiology treatment</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>Giant-cell arteritis, even though it is a non-negligible condition in some situations, can be difficult to diagnose, especially when cranial symptoms such as temporal headache are absent. However, in the face of an appropriate epidemiological profile, associated with constitutional symptoms without clear explanation and evidence of involvement of large vessels, its diagnosis should be suggested.</p>
        <p>Represents a condition that is more frequent in females in the proportion of 4:1. History of smoking, as in our case, increases 6-fold the risk of developing it.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> The diagnostic criteria were established in 1990 by the American College of Rheumatology. Temporal artery biopsy showing an inflammatory granulomatous pattern is part of the criteria, but it lacks adequate sensitivity and can be avoided in the appropriate context in the presence of a suggestive clinical picture and with imaging studies compatible with the involvement of large vessels.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The presence of a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (usually over 55mm/1 hour) is a non-specific laboratory finding, but very frequently. The fast and effective response to corticotherapy strengthens the diagnostic possibility. Aortic involvement is not infrequent and early recognition, and treatment is essential to minimize acute and chronic complications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Ortner&#8217;s syndrome or cardiovocal syndrome, first described in 1897, is a rare situation characterized by compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve by cardiovascular conditions leading to hoarseness, dysphagia and dysphonia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Its association with giant cell arteritis is extremely rare and infrequent as an initial presentation likewise in our case.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
        <p>This case presents an unusual association whose recognition is fundamental for proper management and appropriate therapy in order to minimize adjacent complications of giant cell arteritis.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study Association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Sources of Funding</p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
