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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">dFx6V5vJr9fT6zBww3gjLSk</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2020000701058</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200238</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200238</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Ponto de Vista</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Atividade F&#237;sica e Redu&#231;&#227;o do Comportamento Sedent&#225;rio durante a Pandemia do Coronav&#237;rus</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1033-8684</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pitanga</surname>
            <given-names>Francisco Jos&#233; Gondim</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Beck</surname>
            <given-names>Carmem Cristina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pitanga</surname>
            <given-names>Cristiano Penas Seara</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal da Bahia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Palho&#231;a</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Palho&#231;a, SC &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Salvador</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Salvador, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Francisco Jos&#233; Gondim Pitanga &#8226; Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) - Av. Reitor Miguel Calmom, s/n. CEP 40110-060, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>pitanga@lognet.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Pitanga FJG; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Pitanga FJG, Beck CC, Pitanga CPS.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesses</p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>03</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1058</fpage>
      <lpage>1060</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Pandemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronavirus</kwd>
        <kwd>Exerc&#237;cio</kwd>
        <kwd>Atividade F&#237;sica</kwd>
        <kwd>Atividades de Lazer</kwd>
        <kwd>Tempo de Tela</kwd>
        <kwd>Din&#226;mica Populacional</kwd>
        <kwd>Fen&#244;menos Fisiol&#243;gicos Cardiovasculares</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A pandemia do novo coronav&#237;rus, recentemente declarada pela Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> levou diversas secretarias municipais e estaduais de sa&#250;de a publicar documentos propondo o fechamento dos diversos espa&#231;os destinados a pr&#225;tica da atividade f&#237;sica. Al&#233;m disto, o Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> elaborou um manual com diversas a&#231;&#245;es para evitar a dissemina&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a, al&#233;m de tomar decis&#245;es sugerindo o isolamento social recomendando que as pessoas permanecessem em casa. Todas essas medidas fizeram com que a popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira passasse a ter dificuldades para a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica.</p>
      <p>Por outro lado, a literatura &#233; consistente quanto ao fornecimento de evid&#234;ncias sobre os diversos benef&#237;cios proporcionados pela atividade f&#237;sica &#224; sa&#250;de,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> principalmente ao sistema cardiovascular/metab&#243;lico<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> e imunol&#243;gico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Mais recentemente, a literatura passa a apresentar evid&#234;ncias de que n&#227;o &#233; apenas a pr&#225;tica regular da atividade f&#237;sica que tem rela&#231;&#227;o com a sa&#250;de, mas tamb&#233;m a redu&#231;&#227;o do comportamento sedent&#225;rio, ou seja, o tempo que permanecemos sentados, deitados ou reclinados durante o dia, excetuando-se as horas de sono.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Desta forma, parece ser muito importante a necessidade da continuidade da pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica mesmo durante a pandemia do novo coronav&#237;rus, por&#233;m medidas devem ser observadas para que essa pr&#225;tica possa ser considerada segura. Ressalta-se que mesmo na cidade de Wuhan, China, epicentro inicial da doen&#231;a, as pessoas foram recomendadas a dar continuidade a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica mesmo dentro de casa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, torna-se importante que a popula&#231;&#227;o seja esclarecida sobre a necessidade da redu&#231;&#227;o do comportamento sedent&#225;rio durante o per&#237;odo de isolamento social.</p>
      <p>Assim, os objetivos deste ponto de vista s&#227;o ressaltar a import&#226;ncia e propor sugest&#245;es para continuidade da pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica e redu&#231;&#227;o do comportamento sedent&#225;rio durante a pandemia do novo coronav&#237;rus no Brasil.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Import&#226;ncia da pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica e benef&#237;cios para a sa&#250;de</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Atividade f&#237;sica e sa&#250;de cardiovascular e metab&#243;lica</title>
          <p>Os benef&#237;cios da atividade f&#237;sica regular sobre a sa&#250;de cardiovascular/metab&#243;lica s&#227;o amplamente divulgados na literatura h&#225; bastante tempo. A atividade f&#237;sica apresenta associa&#231;&#227;o inversa com n&#237;veis press&#243;ricos, diabetes, altera&#231;&#245;es lip&#237;dicas e risco de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana e outros eventos cardiovasculares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
          <p>Com rela&#231;&#227;o a dura&#231;&#227;o e intensidade da atividade f&#237;sica necess&#225;ria para que os benef&#237;cios possam ocorrer, recente publica&#231;&#227;o sugeriu que atividades na intensidade modera/vigorosa com dura&#231;&#227;o de 180 a 300 minutos por semana para homens e na intensidade moderada/vigorosa com dura&#231;&#227;o de 150 a 300 minutos por semana para mulheres seriam as mais adequadas para promover os benef&#237;cios para a sa&#250;de cardiovascular e metab&#243;lica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Estas recomenda&#231;&#245;es est&#227;o alinhadas com os principais guias sobre atividade f&#237;sica, publicados por organiza&#231;&#245;es internacionais.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Atividade f&#237;sica e sistema imunol&#243;gico</title>
          <p>O sistema imunol&#243;gico &#233; um importante mecanismo de defesa do nosso corpo capaz de reconhecer e eliminar uma s&#233;rie de micro-organismos invasores. A primeira linha de defesa &#233; composta por leuc&#243;citos (neutr&#243;filos, eosin&#243;filos, bas&#243;filos, mon&#243;citos), c&#233;lulas natural <italic>killer</italic> , prote&#237;nas de fase aguda e enzimas. A segunda linha de defesa &#233; composta por linf&#243;citos T e B e por imunoglobulinas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
          <p>A pr&#225;tica da atividade f&#237;sica modula a quantidade destas subst&#226;ncias no nosso organismo tanto para mais, quanto para menos e a sua magnitude depende da intensidade e dura&#231;&#227;o da atividade.</p>
          <p>Com rela&#231;&#227;o aos leuc&#243;citos, por exemplo, durante a pr&#225;tica da atividade f&#237;sica existe um aumento na sua concentra&#231;&#227;o, que &#233; reduzida imediatamente ap&#243;s a pr&#225;tica dos exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos, principalmente ap&#243;s exerc&#237;cios de longa dura&#231;&#227;o e intensidade elevada que podem provocar imunossupress&#227;o em virtude da teoria da &#8220;janela aberta&#8221; quando verifica-se depress&#227;o no sistema imunol&#243;gico ap&#243;s exerc&#237;cio extenuante, deixando o organismo mais suscet&#237;vel a v&#237;rus e bact&#233;rias por um per&#237;odo de 3 a 72 horas. Ressalta-se que nas atividades de intensidade leve a moderada e com dura&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o prolongada o per&#237;odo de dura&#231;&#227;o da imunossupress&#227;o &#233; bem mais curto.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Import&#226;ncia da redu&#231;&#227;o do comportamento sedent&#225;rio e sa&#250;de cardiometab&#243;lica</title>
          <p>O comportamento sedent&#225;rio &#233; definido como atividades caracterizadas por baixo gasto energ&#233;tico, n&#227;o excedendo 1,5 equivalentes metab&#243;licos que incluem comportamentos espec&#237;ficos de sentar, reclinar ou deitar, para ler, estudar, assistir televis&#227;o, usar o computador, entre outras, excetuando-se as horas sono.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
          <p>Recente publica&#231;&#227;o demonstrou que a redu&#231;&#227;o do comportamento sedent&#225;rio estava associada com efeitos ben&#233;ficos para diversas vari&#225;veis que representam a sa&#250;de cardiometab&#243;lica em adultos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Neste mesmo estudo os autores demonstraram, tamb&#233;m, que quando a redu&#231;&#227;o do comportamento sedent&#225;rio estava associada a pr&#225;tica regular de atividade f&#237;sica os benef&#237;cios eram maximizados.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Sugest&#245;es para continuidade da pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica durante a pandemia do novo coronav&#237;rus</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Locais para a pr&#225;tica da atividade f&#237;sica</title>
        <p>Considerando que o Brasil &#233; um pa&#237;s de dimens&#245;es continentais &#233; importante o acompanhamento das decis&#245;es publicadas pelas secretarias estaduais/municipais de sa&#250;de e pelo Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de quanto as restri&#231;&#245;es e acesso &#224;s academias, clubes, cl&#237;nicas e outros espa&#231;os p&#250;blicos destinados a pr&#225;tica de atividades f&#237;sicas/exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos.</p>
        <p>No caso destes espa&#231;os estarem fechados para os usu&#225;rios, a atividade f&#237;sica dever&#225; ser mantida, quando poss&#237;vel, em ambientes abertos. Neste caso as pessoas devem priorizar as atividades feitas individualmente, sempre evitando aglomera&#231;&#245;es ou at&#233; mesmo pequenos grupos. Se todas as possibilidades citadas anteriormente estiverem com restri&#231;&#245;es a atividade f&#237;sica deve ter continuidade em casa, preferencialmente com aux&#237;lio de procedimentos tecnol&#243;gicos, tais como v&#237;deos com s&#233;ries de exerc&#237;cios, aplicativos e orienta&#231;&#227;o profissional on-line.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Tipos de atividade f&#237;sica/exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico</title>
        <p>Quando a pr&#225;tica da atividade f&#237;sica puder ser realizada ao ar livre sugere-se atividades aer&#243;bicas, especialmente realizadas individualmente, evitando-se aglomera&#231;&#245;es. Deve-se evitar, neste momento, a pr&#225;tica de esportes coletivos, mesmo que realizada em pequenos grupos.</p>
        <p>No caso da atividade f&#237;sica ter que ser realizada em casa sugere-se exerc&#237;cios de fortalecimento muscular (agachamentos, flex&#245;es, abdominais, entre outros), alongamentos, exerc&#237;cios de equil&#237;brio e subida/descida de escadas, de prefer&#234;ncia com aux&#237;lio de procedimentos tecnol&#243;gicos, tais como v&#237;deos com s&#233;ries de exerc&#237;cios, aplicativos e orienta&#231;&#227;o profissional on-line. Ressalta-se, ainda, a import&#226;ncia do aumento da atividade f&#237;sica dom&#233;stica, ou seja, faxinas de modo geral, lavar lou&#231;as, lavar e passar roupas, entre outras.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Intensidade da atividade f&#237;sica</title>
        <p>Durante a pandemia do coronav&#237;rus no Brasil recomenda-se que a intensidade dos exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos seja de leve a moderada, j&#225; que intensidades muito altas podem causar imunossupress&#227;o mais acentuada com necessidade de mais tempo para recupera&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Dura&#231;&#227;o da atividade f&#237;sica</title>
        <p>Durante a pandemia de coronav&#237;rus no Brasil recomenda-se que a dura&#231;&#227;o de cada sess&#227;o de exerc&#237;cios seja de aproximadamente 30 a 60 minutos por dia. Sugere-se que o tempo total n&#227;o seja muito prolongado em fun&#231;&#227;o da depress&#227;o causada no sistema imunol&#243;gico com per&#237;odo de recupera&#231;&#227;o mais prolongado.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Sugest&#245;es para redu&#231;&#227;o do comportamento sedent&#225;rio durante a pandemia do novo coronav&#237;rus</title>
        <p>Considerando que al&#233;m da pr&#225;tica regular de atividade f&#237;sica &#233; muito importante a redu&#231;&#227;o do comportamento sedent&#225;rio, sugere-se:</p>
        <list list-type="order">
          <list-item>
            <p>Reduzir os comportamentos sedent&#225;rios para o m&#225;ximo de 6 a 8 horas acumuladas durante o dia</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Reduzir para o m&#225;ximo de 2 a 4 horas sentado em frente a tela durante o dia.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Procurar fazer a maior quantidade de interrup&#231;&#245;es/pausas no tempo sentado, ou seja, a cada hora sentado, ficar em p&#233; por pelo menos 5 minutos.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Considera&#231;&#245;es finais</title>
      <p>As evid&#234;ncias com base nos estudos consultados confirmam a import&#226;ncia da continuidade da pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica, durante a pandemia do novo coronav&#237;rus, na intensidade/dura&#231;&#227;o leve a moderada, preferencialmente em ambiente abertos, ou mesmo dentro de casa. Al&#233;m disto, &#233; muito importante que se enfatize tamb&#233;m a redu&#231;&#227;o do comportamento sedent&#225;rio, ou seja o tempo que ficamos sentados, deitados ou reclinados em frente a televis&#227;o, computador e semelhantes, excetuando-se as horas de sono.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</p>
        <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento</p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Viewpoint</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Physical Activity And Reducing Sedentary Behavior During The Coronavirus Pandemic</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1033-8684</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pitanga</surname>
            <given-names>Francisco Jos&#233; Gondim</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Beck</surname>
            <given-names>Carmem Cristina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pitanga</surname>
            <given-names>Cristiano Penas Seara</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Palho&#231;a, SC &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Salvador, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Francisco Jos&#233; Gondim Pitanga &#8226; Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) - Av. Reitor Miguel Calmom, s/n. Postal Code 40110-060, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brazil E-mail: pitanga@lognet.com.br</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Author contributions</p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Pitanga FJG; Writing of the manuscript and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Pitanga FJG, Beck CC, Pitanga CPS.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Pandemics</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronavirus</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise</kwd>
        <kwd>Physical Activity</kwd>
        <kwd>Leisure Activities</kwd>
        <kwd>Screen Time</kwd>
        <kwd>Population Dynamics</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>The novel coronavirus pandemic recently declared by the World Health Organization<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> has led several municipal and state health departments to issue decrees closing different spaces intended for practicing physical activity. Furthermore, the Ministry of Health<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> has prepared a manual with several initiatives to prevent the spread of the disease, in addition to making decisions suggesting social isolation and recommending that people remain at home. All of these measures have made it more difficult for the Brazilian population to practice physical activity.</p>
        <p>On the other hand, the literature has consistently provided evidence regarding the diverse health benefits that physical activity promotes,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> especially to the cardiovascular/metabolic<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> and immunological system.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> More recently, the literature began to show evidence that health is related not only to regular practice of physical activity, but also to reduced sedentary behavior, in other words, time spent sitting, lying down, or reclining during the day, excluding sleep hours.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Accordingly, there is an important need to continue practicing physical activity during the novel coronavirus pandemic; however, some measures should be observed in order to keep this practice safe. It is worth emphasizing that even in the city of Wuhan, China, the initial epicenter of the disease, it was recommended that people continue practicing physical activity inside their homes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Furthermore, it has become important that the population be informed regarding the need to reduce sedentary behavior during this period of social isolation.</p>
        <p>Thus, the objectives of this viewpoint are to emphasize the importance of these issues and to propose suggestions for continuing practice of physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior during the novel coronavirus pandemic in Brazil.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>The important of practicing physical activity and health benefits</title>
          <sec>
            <title>Physical activity and cardiovascular and metabolic health</title>
            <p>The benefits of regular physical activity to cardiovascular/metabolic health have been widely published in the literature for a long time. Physical activity has been shown to be inversely associated with blood pressure levels, diabetes, lipid alterations, and other cardiovascular events.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
            <p>With respect to duration and intensity of physical activity required for these benefits to occur, a recent publication suggested that 180 to 300 minutes of moderate to intense activity weekly for men and 150 to 300 minutes of moderate to intense activity for women would be the most adequate measure for promoting cardiovascular and metabolic health benefits.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> These recommendations are in agreement with the main physical activity guidelines published by international organizations.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Physical activity and the immune system</title>
            <p>The immune system is an important defense mechanism of the body. It is capable of recognizing and eliminating a series of invasive microorganisms. The first line of defense is made up of leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes), which are natural killer cells, acute-phase proteins, and enzymes. The second line of defense is made up of T and B lymphocytes and imunoglobulins.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
            <p>Practice of physical exercise modulates the quantity of these substances in the organism, both increasing and decreasing, and the magnitude depends on the intensity and duration of physical activity.</p>
            <p>In relation to leukocytes, for example, during practice of physical activity, their concentration increases, and it is immediately reduced following physical practice, especially after exercise with long duration and high intensity that may lead to immunosuppression, according to the theory of the &#8220;open window,&#8221; when there is a depression in the immune system after strenuous exercise, leaving the organism more susceptible to bacteria for a period of 3 to 72 hours. It is worth stressing that the period of immunosuppression is much shorter after light to moderate exercise without prolonged duration.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>The importance of reducing sedentary behavior and cardiometabolic health</title>
            <p>Sedentary behavior is defined as activities characterized by low energy expenditure, not exceeding 1.5 metabolic equivalents, including the specific behaviors of sitting, reclining, or lying down to read, study, watch television, use the computer, etc., excluding sleep hours.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
            <p>A recent publication has demonstrated that reduced sedentary behavior is associated with beneficial effects on diverse variables that represent cardiometabolic health in adults.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> In this same study, the authors also demonstrated that, when the reduction in sedentary behavior was associated with regular practice of physical activity, the benefits were maximized.</p>
          </sec>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Suggestions for continuing practice of physical activity during the novel coronavirus pandemic</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Places for practicing physical activity</title>
          <p>Considering that Brazil is a country of continental dimensions, it is important to accompany decisions published by state or municipal health departments and by the Ministry of Health regarding restricted access to gyms, clubs, clinics, and other spaces intended for practicing physical activity and exercise.</p>
          <p>In the event that these spaces are closed to the public, physical activity should, whenever possible, continue in open-air environments. In this case, people should prioritize individual activities, always taking care to avoid crowds or even small groups of people. If these conditions are restricted, physical activity should be continued at home, preferably with the assistance of technology, such as exercise videos, applications, or professional guidance online.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Types of Physical Activity/Exercise</title>
          <p>When it is possible to practice physical activity outdoors, aerobic activities are recommended, especially individual activities; crowds should be avoided. At this moment, it is necessary to avoid practicing group sports, even in small groups.</p>
          <p>In the event that it is necessary to exercise at home, muscle-strengthening exercises (squats, push-ups, sit-ups, and others), stretches, balancing exercises, and climbing up and down stairs are recommended, preferably with the assistance of technology, such as exercise videos, applications, and professional guidance online. It is, furthermore, worth emphasizing the importance of increased domestic physical activity, i.e., general housework, such as washing dishes, washing and ironing clothes, and similar activities.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Intensity of Physical Activity</title>
          <p>During the coronavirus pandemic in Brazil, it is recommended that the intensity of physical exercise be light to moderate, given that very high intensity may lead to more accentuated immunosuppression, requiring longer recovery time.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Duration of Physical Activity</title>
          <p>During the coronavirus pandemic in Brazil, it is recommended that the duration of each exercise session be approximately 30 to 60 minutes daily. It is suggested that total time not be too long due to the immune system depression with longer recovery time.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Suggestions for reducing sedentary behavior during the novel coronavirus pandemic</title>
          <p>Considering that, in addition to regular practice of physical activity, it is very important to reduce sedentary behavior, the following are recommended:</p>
          <list list-type="order">
            <list-item>
              <p>Reduce sedentary behavior to a maximum of 6 to 8 cumulative hours daily.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Reduce to a maximum of 2 to 4 hours sitting in front of the screen daily.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Attempt to maximize the number of interruptions/pauses to sitting time, namely, for every hour spent sitting, stand up for at least 5 minutes.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Final considerations</title>
        <p>Based on the studies consulted, the evidence confirms the importance of continuing to practice physical activities during the novel coronavirus pandemic, with light to moderate intensity and duration, preferably in outdoor environments or at home. In addition, it is also very important to emphasize reducing sedentary behavior, namely, time spent sitting, lying down, or reclining, excluding sleep hours, and time spent in front of the television, computer, and similar devices.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study Association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Sources of Funding</p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
