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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">bcwJcSN57NjMByLJpNHfm9N</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2020000701049</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200352</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200352</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Hipotens&#227;o Ortost&#225;tica Infrequente no Brasil: Estamos Subestimando o Problema?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6465-0780</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>Humberto Graner</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial (LHA) - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s,Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Humberto Graner Moreira Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s &#8211; 1&#170; Aveninida s/n &#8211; Setor Leste Universit&#225;rio. CEP 74605-050, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>humbertograner@uol.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>03</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1049</fpage>
      <lpage>1050</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Hipotens&#227;o Ortost&#225;tica/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Epidemiologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Acidente Vascular Cerebral</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Sa&#250;de do Adulto</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A homeostase da press&#227;o arterial (PA) depende de mecanismos fisiol&#243;gicos complexos que envolvem intera&#231;&#245;es cont&#237;nuas dos sistemas cardiovascular, renal, neural e end&#243;crino. Esses mecanismos tamb&#233;m devem garantir a manuten&#231;&#227;o do d&#233;bito card&#237;aco adequado, mesmo em situa&#231;&#245;es de r&#225;pidas varia&#231;&#245;es circulat&#243;rias. Uma dessas situa&#231;&#245;es est&#225; relacionada &#224;s mudan&#231;as din&#226;micas da postura, de deitado para em p&#233;, quando a r&#225;pida redu&#231;&#227;o do retorno venoso pode afetar a pr&#233;-carga, o volume sist&#243;lico e a press&#227;o arterial m&#233;dia. A hipotens&#227;o ortost&#225;tica (HO) &#233; uma manifesta&#231;&#227;o de disfun&#231;&#227;o auton&#244;mica e ocorre quando os mecanismos adaptativos cardiovasculares falham em compensar essas altera&#231;&#245;es ao assumir a posi&#231;&#227;o em p&#233;.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O diagn&#243;stico de HO requer a demonstra&#231;&#227;o de diminui&#231;&#227;o significativa e persistente da PA durante a ortostase, seja pelo teste de se levantar ativamente &#224; beira leito ou pelo teste de inclina&#231;&#227;o (tilt-test). Diretrizes nacionais e internacionais endossam a defini&#231;&#227;o de HO como uma queda &#8805;20 mmHg na press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica (PAS) ou uma queda &#8805;10 mmHg na press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica (PAD) dentro de 3 minutos ap&#243;s a posi&#231;&#227;o ortost&#225;tica, independentemente da presen&#231;a de sintomas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Essa defini&#231;&#227;o foi estabelecida pela primeira vez por um consenso em 1996 e foi baseada em v&#225;rios pequenos estudos fisiol&#243;gicos, al&#233;m de considera&#231;&#245;es pragm&#225;ticas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Com essa defini&#231;&#227;o, evid&#234;ncias crescentes t&#234;m demonstrado que a HO prediz mortalidade por todas as causas<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> e incid&#234;ncia de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> sendo ainda mais relevante do que o descenso noturno reverso, observada na monitoriza&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial da PA, para predizer eventos cardiovasculares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Uma meta-an&#225;lise recente envolvendo 121.913 indiv&#237;duos e um acompanhamento m&#233;dio de 6 anos relatou que a HO estava associada a riscos 50, 41 e 64% maiores de morte por todas as causas, doen&#231;a arterial coronariana e acidente vascular cerebral, respectivamente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Para determinar a preval&#234;ncia de HO em uma popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira, Velten e colegas apresentam nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos uma an&#225;lise detalhada do comportamento da press&#227;o arterial ap&#243;s manobras posturais em 14.833 indiv&#237;duos do estudo ELSA-Brasil.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> A coorte ELSA-Brasil incluiu 15.105 funcion&#225;rios p&#250;blicos de 35 a 74 anos de 5 universidades e 1 instituto de pesquisa localizados em diferentes regi&#245;es do Brasil. O estudo foi realizado de 2008 a 2010 e desenvolvido para abordar a incid&#234;ncia de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares e os principais fatores de risco associados entre funcion&#225;rios funcion&#225;rios ativos ou aposentados dessas institui&#231;&#245;es.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> A preval&#234;ncia relatada de HO nessa popula&#231;&#227;o foi de 2,0% e aumentou com a idade, chegando a 3,3% em indiv&#237;duos entre 65 e 74 anos. Entre aqueles com triagem positiva para HO, a presen&#231;a de sintomas foi observada em 19,7%, contra apenas 1,4% entre aqueles sem HO. Os sintomas foram relatados em at&#233; 43% dos indiv&#237;duos que apresentaram queda concomitante na PAS e PAD.</p>
    <p>Para al&#233;m de um inqu&#233;rito epidemiol&#243;gico, em um pa&#237;s onde muitos desses dados s&#227;o escassos ou ausentes, este estudo levanta algumas quest&#245;es que merecem ser abordadas. Primeiro, a preval&#234;ncia de HO nesta coorte foi baixa. Infelizmente, n&#227;o existem outros estudos na literatura que tenham investigado a preval&#234;ncia de HO no Brasil, e esse tamb&#233;m &#233; outro m&#233;rito dos autores. Pesquisas epidemiol&#243;gicas internacionais demonstram que a preval&#234;ncia de HO varia de 5 a 20%, mas pode chegar a 30% em indiv&#237;duos com mais de 70 anos de idade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Neste trabalho de Velten et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> mesmo em indiv&#237;duos com mais de 64 anos, a preval&#234;ncia ainda era muito menor do que os relatos anteriores. As raz&#245;es para essa discrep&#226;ncia n&#227;o foram claras. Uma parcela significativa dos idosos acima de 74 anos foi exclu&#237;da e poderia aumentar esse n&#250;mero, mas as caracter&#237;sticas basais do estudo ELSA-Brasil ainda apontam para uma popula&#231;&#227;o com alta frequ&#234;ncia de fatores de risco: 63,1% tinham excesso de peso, 61,5% apresentavam colesterol alto, 35,8% apresentavam PA elevada, e 20,3% tinham toler&#226;ncia &#224; glicose comprometida.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Se a baixa preval&#234;ncia apenas reflete uma popula&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica, retomaremos esse t&#243;pico mais adiante neste artigo.</p>
    <p>Segundo, como parte da avalia&#231;&#227;o do protocolo, a manobra de mudan&#231;a postural incluiu medidas da PA aos 2, 3 e 5 minutos ap&#243;s o repouso. Os autores apontam que a preval&#234;ncia de HO pode mais que dobrar, para at&#233; 4,3%, quando se considera a redu&#231;&#227;o da PA em pelo menos uma das tr&#234;s medidas. No entanto, ao comparar apenas as medidas de 3 e 5 minutos, a preval&#234;ncia de HO aumenta de 2,0 para 2,6%. Embora esses indiv&#237;duos tendam a ser mais sintom&#225;ticos aos 5 minutos, o aumento da sensibilidade para a triagem de HO &#233; pequeno, e certamente n&#227;o justifica estender as medidas al&#233;m de 3 minutos durante uma avalia&#231;&#227;o no consult&#243;rio.</p>
    <p>Mas talvez um dos aspectos mais interessantes deste trabalho tenha sido o c&#225;lculo dos escores Z para varia&#231;&#245;es da PA, observando valores inferiores aos estabelecidos pelas diretrizes para um subconjunto espec&#237;fico da popula&#231;&#227;o. A distribui&#231;&#227;o da varia&#231;&#227;o da PA resultou em escores Z -2 de -14,09 mmHg para PAS e -5,39 mmHg para PAD na subamostra de pacientes sem hipertens&#227;o, diabetes, hist&#243;ria de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio pr&#233;vio ou acidente vascular cerebral. Isso significa que, nesta coorte de adultos brasileiros, os atuais limiares nacionais e internacionais podem subestimar a presen&#231;a de HO. Essa diferen&#231;a pode, inclusive, explicar a menor preval&#234;ncia nessa coorte brasileira. Como existem reflexos auton&#244;micos envolvidos na resposta fisiol&#243;gica da PA em p&#233;,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> &#233; razo&#225;vel admitir que poder&#237;amos ter varia&#231;&#245;es diferentes para diferentes popula&#231;&#245;es. Em outras palavras, um n&#250;mero n&#227;o pode servir para todos. O estudo de Velten et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> fornece dados para uma discuss&#227;o mais ampla sobre esse assunto. Obviamente, mais dados ser&#227;o necess&#225;rios em popula&#231;&#245;es diversas, uma vez que o estudo ELSA-Brasil avaliou apenas uma amostra espec&#237;fica de funcion&#225;rios de seis institui&#231;&#245;es brasileiras.</p>
    <p>Independentemente se entraremos em discuss&#245;es sobre os limiares de HO no pa&#237;s &#8212; se uma queda de 20 ou 14 mmHg na PAS &#8212;, isso n&#227;o muda o fato de que o problema pode continuar sendo negligenciado na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica. Existe uma recomenda&#231;&#227;o formal para medir a PA no 1&#186; e 3&#186; minutos ap&#243;s ficar em p&#233;, partindo de uma posi&#231;&#227;o sentada, em todos os pacientes na primeira avalia&#231;&#227;o no consult&#243;rio para identificar a HO.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> As medidas da PA em repouso e em p&#233; tamb&#233;m devem ser consideradas em visitas subsequentes em pacientes idosos, diab&#233;ticos e pessoas com outras condi&#231;&#245;es em que a HO pode ocorrer com frequ&#234;ncia. No entanto, mesmo sabendo das suas poss&#237;veis implica&#231;&#245;es na incid&#234;ncia de eventos cardiovasculares, a HO &#233; frequentemente subdiagnosticada e pode ser um problema negligenciado na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.</p>
    <p>Aproximadamente dois ter&#231;os dos pacientes com HO n&#227;o ser&#227;o detectados se as medidas sequenciais da PA na posi&#231;&#227;o vertical n&#227;o forem realizadas na pr&#225;tica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Mesmo em um estudo cl&#237;nico desenvolvido para avaliar a efic&#225;cia da monitoriza&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial da PA na detec&#231;&#227;o da HO, apenas 76% dos 505 pacientes foram triados durante visitas regulares ao consult&#243;rio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> A falta de tempo durante as consultas pode ser um dos principais fatores. Al&#233;m disso, agora pode-se argumentar que a preval&#234;ncia de HO em indiv&#237;duos de meia-idade &#233; realmente baixa, questionando se devemos realizar uma triagem sistem&#225;tica conforme recomendado. No entanto, n&#227;o h&#225; d&#250;vidas sobre as implica&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas da HO, principalmente em idosos. Talvez essa discuss&#227;o sobre hipotens&#227;o postural mere&#231;a a devida aten&#231;&#227;o para melhorar nossa sensibilidade, identificando quem realmente precisa ser avaliado e quais seriam as varia&#231;&#245;es esperadas da PA para cada grupo de indiv&#237;duos.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: A Preval&#234;ncia da Hipotens&#227;o Ortost&#225;tica e a Distribui&#231;&#227;o da Varia&#231;&#227;o Press&#243;rica no Estudo Longitudinal da Sa&#250;de do Adulto</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Uncommon Orthostatic Hypotension in Brazil: Are We Underestimating the Problem?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6465-0780</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>Humberto Graner</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial (LHA) - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Humberto Graner Moreira &#8226; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s &#8211; 1&#170; Aveninida s/n &#8211; Setor Leste Universit&#225;rio. Postal Code 74605-050, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil E-mail: humbertograner@uol.com.br</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Hypotension, Orthostatic/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Epidemiology</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Stroke</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Adult, Health</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Blood pressure (BP) homeostasis depends on complex physiological mechanisms that involve continuous interactions of the cardiovascular, renal, neural, and endocrine systems. These mechanisms must also guarantee the maintenance of adequate cardiac output, even in situations of rapid circulatory variations. One of these situations is related to the dynamic posture changes, from lying to standing, when the rapid reduction in venous return can affect preload, stroke volume, and mean BP. Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a manifestation of autonomic dysfunction and occurs when cardiovascular adaptive mechanisms fail to compensate for those changes when assuming the standing position.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Diagnosing OH requires the demonstration of significant persistent BP decrease during orthostasis, either by the bedside active-standing test or a tilting test. National and international guidelines have endorsed the definition of OH as a &#8805;20 mmHg drop in systolic blood pressure (SBP) or a &#8805;10 mmHg drop in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) within 3 minutes after standing, regardless of the presence of symptoms.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> This definition was first established by a consensus in 1996 and was based on several small physiology studies as well as on pragmatic considerations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Upon this definition, growing evidence has been shown that OH predicts all-cause mortality<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> and incidence of cardiovascular disease,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> being even more relevant than the ambulatory BP monitoring-derived nighttime reverse dipping for predicting cardiovascular events<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> . A recent meta-analysis involving 121,913 individuals and a median follow-up of 6 years reported that OH was associated with a 50, 41, and 64% greater risks of all-cause death, coronary heart disease, and stroke, respectively.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In order to determine the prevalence of OH in a Brazilian population, Velten and colleagues present in this issue of the Archives a detailed analysis of the blood pressure behavior following postural maneuvers in 14,833 individuals from the ELSA-Brasil study.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> The ELSA-Brasil cohort included 15,105 civil servants aged 35 to 74 years old from 5 universities and 1 research institute located in different regions of Brazil. The study was carried out from 2008 through 2010 and was designed to address the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and major associated risk factors among active or retired employees from those institutions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> The reported prevalence of OH in this population was 2.0%, and increasing with age, reaching up to 3.3% in individuals between 65 and 74 years old. Among those with positive screening for OH, the presence of symptoms was noted in 19.7 vs. only 1.4% among those without OH. Symptoms were reported in up to 43% of individuals who had a concomitant fall in SBP and DBP.</p>
      <p>For beyond an epidemiological study, in a country where much of these data are scarce or absent, this study raises some issues that deserve to be addressed. First, the prevalence of OH in this cohort was low. Unfortunately, there are no other studies in the literature that have investigated the prevalence of OH in Brazil, and this is also another merit of the authors. International epidemiologic surveys have found that the prevalence of OH varies from 5 to 20 percent but can reach up to 30% in individuals over 70 years of age.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> The prevalence was still much lower in this work by Velten et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> than in previous reports, even in individuals aged over 64 years. The reasons for this discrepancy were not clear. A significant portion of the elderly beyond the age of 74 were excluded and could raise this number, but the baseline characteristics of the ELSA-Brasil study still pointed to a population with a high frequency of risk factors: 63.1% were overweight, 61.5% had high cholesterol, 35.8% presented with high blood pressure, and 20.3% had impaired glucose tolerance.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> If the low prevalence could only reflect a specific population, this topic will be resumed later in this paper.</p>
      <p>Second, as part of the protocol assessment, the postural change maneuver included BP measurements at 2, 3, and 5 minutes after standing. The authors point out that the prevalence of OH could more than double to up to 4.3% when considering the reduction in BP in at least one of the three measurements. However, when comparing only the 3- and 5-minute measurements, the prevalence of OH rises from 2.0 to 2.6%. Even though these individuals tend to be more symptomatic at 5 minutes, the increase in sensitivity for screening is small, and certainly does not justify extending the measurements beyond 3 minutes during an office evaluation.</p>
      <p>But perhaps one of the most interesting aspects of this work was the calculation of Z-scores for BP variations, observing values lower than those established by guidelines for a specific subset of the population. The distribution of BP variation resulted in -2 Z-scores of -14.09 mmHg for SBP and -5.39 mmHg for DBP in the subsample of patients without hypertension, diabetes, history of heart failure, coronary heart disease, previous myocardial infarction, or stroke. This means that, in this cohort of Brazilian adults, the current national and international thresholds may underestimate the presence of OH. This difference could even explain its lower prevalence in this Brazilian cohort. Since there are autonomic reflexes involved in the physiologic blood pressure response upon standing,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> it is reasonable to admit that we could have different variations for different populations. In other words, one number could not fit for all. The study by Velten et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> provides data for a broader discussion regarding this issue. Obviously, more data will be needed in diverse populations, since the ELSA-Brasil study evaluated only a specific sample of employees from six Brazilian institutions.</p>
      <p>Regardless of whether to engage into discussions about the thresholds for OH in the country &#8212; if a drop of 20 or 14 mmHg in SBP &#8212;, this does not change the fact that the problem could continue to be neglected in clinical practice. There is a formal recommendation to measure BP 1 minute and 3 minutes after standing from a seated position in all patients at the first office evaluation to address OH.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Lying and standing BP measurements should also be considered in subsequent visits in elderly, diabetic patients, and people with other conditions in which orthostatic hypotension may frequently occur. However, even knowing the possible implications for the incidence of cardiovascular events, OH is often misdiagnosed and may be an overlooked issue in clinical practice.</p>
      <p>Approximately two-thirds of patients with OH could not be detected if sequential BP measurements at upright position are not performed in common practice.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Even in a clinical study designed to evaluate the effectiveness of ambulatory BP monitor in detecting OH, only 76% of the 505 patients were screened during regular office visits.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Lack of time during consultations could be one of the main factors. In addition, it can now be argued that the OH prevalence in middle-aged individuals is indeed low, questioning whether we should perform systematic screening as recommended. Nevertheless, there are no doubts about the prognostic implications of OH, especially in the very elderly. Perhaps this discussion about postural hypotension deserves due attention in order to improve our sensitivity by identifying who really needs to be evaluated and what would be the expected BP variations for each group of individuals.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Prevalence of Orthostatic Hypotension and the Distribution of Pressure Variation in the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
