Arq Bras CardiolabcArquivos Brasileiros de CardiologiaArq. Bras. Cardiol.0066-782X1678-4170Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC9ppZsNnmptdcf3vP97dr5LLS0066-782X2020000701038abc.2020039010.36660/abc.20200390MinieditorialUso das Sementes de Moringa Oleifera no Tratamento da Água0000-0002-5556-8061KoikeMarcia Kiyomi12KochiAkimi Kokanj2PintoDenise Yamada Gomes2Departamento de Clínica MédicaFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrasilLaboratório de Emergências Clínicas - Departamento de Clínica Médica - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Ciências da SaúdeInstituto de Assistência ao Servidor Público Estadual de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde - Instituto de Assistência ao Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo (IAMSPE), São Paulo, SP – Brasil Correspondência: Marcia Kiyomi Koike • Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina - LIM-51 - Emergências clínicas Av. Dr Arnaldo, 455 sala 3189. CEP 01246-903, São Paulo, SP – Brasil E-mail: mkkoike17@gmail.com03072020062020114610381039 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Moringa OleíferaGlicosídeosAnti-InflamatóriosLectinas de PlantasSegurança Hídrica
A Moringa oleifera Lamarck (MO) é uma planta da família das Moringaceae , nativa dos Himalaias e que se adaptou nos diversos continentes, sendo amplamente cultivada na Ásia, África e Américas.1 De crescimento rápido, a planta toda tem uma grande variedade de aplicações na dieta e na medicina popular.
No entanto, evidências científicas de suas propriedades começaram a surgir apenas no início de 2000. Em estudos experimentais in vitro ou ex-vivo , as folhas e sementes apresentaram diversos efeitos biológicos, como anti-inflamatórios e cicatrizantes,2 antitumorais,3 antidiabético,4 antioxidante4 , 5 e na função sexual.6 , 7
Devido suas propriedades de flotação e ação antimicrobiana, as sementes têm sido utilizadas na purificação da água.8 Trata-se de um método de baixo custo, que faz uso de recursos naturais e de fácil manuseio, que pode oferecer qualidade na água das comunidades pobres. As sementes podem adsorver poluentes como herbicidas,9 metais pesados,10 medicamentos11 , 12 e atuar como larvicidas e antimicrobianos natural.13
Entre os componentes presentes na semente de Moringa oleifera , a lectina solúvel em água (WSMoL) apresenta a propriedade de larvicida e ovicida do Aedes aegypti14 e antinematódeos.15
Como todo conhecimento científico sobre a Moringa oleifera ainda está baseado em estudos experimentais, há necessidade de respeitar as etapas da pesquisa clínica para uso em humanos. Assim, em 2019, a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) proibiu a fabricação, importação, comercialização, propaganda e distribuição de todos os alimentos que contenham Moringa oleifera (RESOLUÇÃO-RE Nº 1.478, DE 3 DE JUNHO DE 2019).
Da mesma forma, em relação ao uso das sementes para purificação de água, um estudo para se certificar da segurança também faz necessário. Neste contexto, nesta edição dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Yurre et al.16 conduziram uma cuidadosa investigação sobre os efeitos cardiotóxicos da WSMoL de sementes de Moringa oleifera . Os autores avaliaram os possíveis efeitos celulares, estruturais, elétricos e funcionais no coração; bem como efeitos no metabolismo de carboidratos e no peso corporal. O estudo buscou testar sua hipótese nula e teve êxito em demonstrar, experimentalmente, a segurança de utilização da WSMoL por 21 dias, e estimula novos projetos de avaliação da segurança do uso de sementes de Moringa oleifera para a purificação da água para o uso humano.
Referências1. Matic I, Guidi A, Kenzo M, Mattei M, Galgani A. Investigation of medicinal plants traditionally used as dietary supplements: A review on Moringa oleifera .J Public Health Afr. 2018 Dec 21;9(3):841.MaticIGuidiAKenzoMMatteiMGalganiAInvestigation of medicinal plants traditionally used as dietary supplements: A review on Moringa oleiferaJ Public Health Afr20181221938412. Udupa SL, Udupa AL, Kulkarni DR. Studies on anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties of Moringa oleifera and Aegle marmelos. Fitoterapia. 1994;65:119-23.UdupaSLUdupaALKulkarniDRStudies on anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties of Moringa oleifera and Aegle marmelosFitoterapia1994651191233. Sadek KM, Abouzed TK, Abouelkhair R, Nasr S. The chemo-prophylactic efficacy of an ethanol Moringa oleifera leaf extract against hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2017;55(1):1458-66.SadekKMAbouzedTKAbouelkhairRNasrSThe chemo-prophylactic efficacy of an ethanol Moringa oleifera leaf extract against hepatocellular carcinoma in ratsPharmaceutical Biology2017551145814664. Gupta R, Mathur M, Bajaj VK, Katariya P, Yadav S, Kamal R, et al. Evaluation of antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera in experimental diabetes. J Diabetes. 2012;4(2):164-71.GuptaRMathurMBajajVKKatariyaPYadavSKamalRet alEvaluation of antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera in experimental diabetesJ Diabetes2012421641715. Shaat AR, Sadek KM, El-Far AH, Nasr SM, El-Sayed Y. Evaluation of antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of moringa (moringa oleifera) leaves in diabetic rabbits. Eur J Pharmac Med Res. 2017;4(7):154-62.ShaatARSadekKMEl-FarAHNasrSMEl-SayedYEvaluation of antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of moringa (moringa oleifera) leaves in diabetic rabbitsEur J Pharmac Med Res2017471541626. Sadek KM. Chemotherapeutic efficacy of an ethanolic Moringa oleifera leaf extract against chromium-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Andrologia. 2014;46:1047-54.SadekKMChemotherapeutic efficacy of an ethanolic Moringa oleifera leaf extract against chromium-induced testicular toxicity in ratsAndrologia201446104710547. Prabsattroo T, Wattanathorn J, Iamsaard S, Sompsat P, Sritragool O, Thukhummee W, et al. Moringa oleifera extract enhances sexual performance in stressed rats. J Zhejiang Univ Sci. 2015;16(3):179-90.PrabsattrooTWattanathornJIamsaardSSompsatPSritragoolOThukhummeeWet alMoringa oleifera extract enhances sexual performance in stressed ratsJ Zhejiang Univ Sci.20151631791908. Nouhi S, Kwaambwa HM, Gutfreund P, Rennie AR. Comparative study of flocculation and adsorption behaviour of water treatment proteins from Moringa peregrina and Moringa oleifera seeds. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):17945.NouhiSKwaambwaHMGutfreundPRennieARComparative study of flocculation and adsorption behaviour of water treatment proteins from Moringa peregrina and Moringa oleifera seedsSci Rep201991179459. Cusioli LF, Bezerra CO, Quesada HB, Alves Baptista AT, Nishi L, Vieira MF, et al. Modified Moringa oleifera Lam. Seed husks as low-cost biosorbent for atrazine removal. Environ Technol. 2019 Aug 14:1-12.CusioliLFBezerraCOQuesadaHBAlves BaptistaATNishiLVieiraMFet alModified Moringa oleifera Lam. Seed husks as low-cost biosorbent for atrazine removalEnviron Technol2019081411210. Freitas JH, de Santana KV, da Silva PM, de Moura MC, Coelho LC, do Nascimento AE, et al. Evaluation of Moringa oleifera Seed Lectin as a Metal Remover in Aqueous Solutions. Protein Pept Lett. 2016;23(7):645-9.FreitasJHde SantanaKVda SilvaPMde MouraMCCoelhoLCdo NascimentoAEet alEvaluation of Moringa oleifera Seed Lectin as a Metal Remover in Aqueous SolutionsProtein Pept Lett201623764564911. Bagheri A, Abu-Danso E, Iqbal J, Bhatnagar A. Modified biochar from Moringa seed powder for the removal of diclofenac from aqueous solution.Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020;27(7):7318-27.BagheriAAbu-DansoEIqbalJBhatnagarAModified biochar from Moringa seed powder for the removal of diclofenac from aqueous solutionEnviron Sci Pollut Res Int20202777318732712. Santos AF, Matos M, Sousa Â, Costa C, Nogueira R, Teixeira JA, et al. Removal of tetracycline from contaminated water by Moringa oleifera seed preparations. Environ Technol. 2016;37(6):744-51.SantosAFMatosMSousaÂCostaCNogueiraRTeixeiraJAet alRemoval of tetracycline from contaminated water by Moringa oleifera seed preparationsEnviron Technol201637674475113. Moura MC, Trentin DS, Napoleão TH, Primon-Barros M, Xavier AS, Carneiro NP, et al. Multi-effect of the water-soluble Moringa oleifera lectin against Serratia marcescens and Bacillus sp.: antibacterial, antibiofilm and anti-adhesive properties.J Appl Microbiol. 2017;123(4):861-74.MouraMCTrentinDSNapoleãoTHPrimon-BarrosMXavierASCarneiroNPet alMulti-effect of the water-soluble Moringa oleifera lectin against Serratia marcescens and Bacillus sp.: antibacterial, antibiofilm and anti-adhesive propertiesJ Appl Microbiol2017123486187414. Silva LLS, Fernandes KM, Miranda FR, Silva SCC, Coelho LCBB, Navarro DMD, et al. Exposure of mosquito (Aedes aegypti) larvae to the water extract and lectin-rich fraction of Moringa oleifera seeds impairs their development and future fecundity. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Nov 15;183:109583.SilvaLLSFernandesKMMirandaFRSilvaSCCCoelhoLCBBNavarroDMDet alExposure of mosquito (Aedes aegypti) larvae to the water extract and lectin-rich fraction of Moringa oleifera seeds impairs their development and future fecundityEcotoxicol Environ Saf2019111518310958315. de Medeiros MLS, de Moura MC, Napoleão TH, Paiva PMG, Coelho LCBB, Bezerra ACDS, et al. Nematicidal activity of a water soluble lectin from seeds of Moringa oleifera. Int J Biol Macromol. 2018;108:782-9.de MedeirosMLSde MouraMCNapoleãoTHPaivaPMGCoelhoLCBBBezerraACDSet alNematicidal activity of a water soluble lectin from seeds of Moringa oleiferaInt J Biol Macromol201810878278916. Yurre AR, Silva JD, Torres MK, Martins EL, Ramos IP, Lima da Silva WS, et al. Avaliação dos Efeitos Cardíacos de Lectina Solúvel em Água (WSMoL) de Sementes de Moringa Oleifera . Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(6):1029-1037.YurreARSilvaJDTorresMKMartinsELRamosIPLima da SilvaWSet alAvaliação dos Efeitos Cardíacos de Lectina Solúvel em Água (WSMoL) de Sementes de Moringa OleiferaArq Bras Cardiol2020114610291037
Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Avaliação dos Efeitos Cardíacos de Lectina Solúvel em Água (WSMoL) de Sementes de Moringa Oleifera
Short EditorialUse of Moringa Oleifera Seeds in Water Treatment0000-0002-5556-8061KoikeMarcia Kiyomi12KochiAkimi Kokanj2PintoDenise Yamada Gomes2BrazilLaboratório de Emergências Clínicas - Departamento de Clínica Médica - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilBrazilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde - Instituto de Assistência ao Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo (IAMSPE), São Paulo, SP – BrazilMailing Address: Marcia Kiyomi Koike • Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina - LIM-51 - Emergências clínicas Av. Dr Arnaldo, 455 sala 3189. Postal Code 01246-903, São Paulo, SP – Brazil E-mail: mkkoike17@gmail.comMoringa OleiferaGlycosidesAnti-Inflammatory AgentsPlant LectinsWater Security
Moringa oleifera Lamarck (MO) is a plant of the Moringaceae family, native to the Himalayas and adapted on several continents, is widely cultivated in Asia, Africa and the Americas.1 Rapidly growing, the whole plant has a wide variety of applications in diet and folk medicine.
However, scientific evidence of its properties began to emerge only in the beginning of 2000. In experimental studies in vitro or ex-vivo , leaves and seeds showed several biological effects, such as anti-inflammatory and wound healing,2 antitumor,3 antidiabetic,4 antioxidant4 , 5 and sexual function.6 , 7
Due to their flotation properties and antimicrobial action, seeds have been used to purify water.8 It is a low-cost method, which uses natural resources and easy handling that can offer quality in the water of poor communities. The seeds can absorb pollutants such as herbicides,9 heavy metals,10 medications11 , 12 and act as larvicides and natural antimicrobials.13
Among the components present in Moringa oleifera seed, water-soluble lectin (WSMoL) has the property of Aedes aegypti larvicide and ovicide14 and anti nematodes.15
As all scientific knowledge about Moringa oleifera is still based on experimental studies, there is a need to respect the stages of clinical research for use in humans. Thus, in 2019 in Brazil, the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) prohibited the manufacture, import, marketing, advertising and distribution of all foods containing Moringa oleifera (RESOLUTION-RE No. 1,478, OF 3 JUNE 2019)
Likewise, in relation to the use of seeds for water purification, a study to ensure safety is also necessary. In this context, in this edition of the Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia , Yurre et al.16 conducted a careful investigation of the cardiotoxic effects of WSMoL from Moringa oleifera seeds. The authors evaluated the possible cellular, structural, electrical and functional effects on the heart, effects on carbohydrate metabolism and body weight. It was a study that sought to test its null hypothesis and was successful in demonstrating, experimentally, the safety of using WSMoL for 21 days and it encourages new projects to evaluate the safety of using Moringa oleifer a seeds for the purification of water for human use.
Short Editorial related to the article: Evaluation of the Cardiac Effects of a Water-Soluble Lectin (Wsmol) from Moringa Oleifera Seeds