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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">NvSXWxBS54Ly78mF4b4xVXs</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2020000701027</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200159</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200451</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Abla&#231;&#227;o por Cateter sem Uso de Raios X para Tratamento de Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial e Arritmias Atriais</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9980-9114</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Zimerman</surname>
            <given-names>Leandro Ioschpe</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre &#8211; Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Leandro Ioschpe Zimerman &#8226; Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre &#8211; Cardiologia - Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>lizimerman@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>03</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1027</fpage>
      <lpage>1028</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="correction-forward" id="r01" xlink:href="10.36660/abc.20210747" ext-link-type="doi"/>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Abla&#231;&#227;o por Radiofrequ&#234;ncia/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Ondas de Radio/efeitos adversos</kwd>
        <kwd>Equipamento de Prote&#231;&#227;o Individual</kwd>
        <kwd>Fluoroscopia</kwd>
        <kwd>Fistula Arteriovenosa</kwd>
        <kwd>Efic&#225;cia</kwd>
        <kwd>Seguran&#231;a</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="15"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A abla&#231;&#227;o por radiofrequ&#234;ncia &#233; um m&#233;todo consagrado e cada vez mais usado no tratamento das taquiarritmias. Tradicionalmente, &#233; feita por meio da coloca&#231;&#227;o de cateteres intracavit&#225;rios guiados por fluoroscopia. Ao longo dos anos, no entanto, uma s&#233;rie de problemas relacionados com a exposi&#231;&#227;o &#224; radia&#231;&#227;o tornou-se mais evidente, tais como catarata, muta&#231;&#245;es gen&#233;ticas e c&#226;ncer.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> N&#227;o por acaso, a quantidade de tumores no hemisf&#233;rio cerebral esquerdo, que recebe maior quantidade de radia&#231;&#227;o, &#233; maior do que no hemisf&#233;rio direito, em intervencionistas. &#201; importante lembrar que o risco de c&#226;ncer &#233; linear com a exposi&#231;&#227;o, sem um limiar definido, e que existe efeito cumulativo. Em procedimentos mais longos, les&#245;es graves cut&#226;neas podem, inclusive, se desenvolver nos pacientes. Para reduzir esses riscos aos pacientes e &#224; equipe m&#233;dica, v&#225;rias medidas foram tomadas: aparelhos e m&#233;todos de fluoroscopia com menor radia&#231;&#227;o e equipamentos de prote&#231;&#227;o individual, tais como avental, prote&#231;&#227;o de tireoide, &#243;culos, touca e at&#233; mesmo luvas chumbadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A prote&#231;&#227;o aumentou, mas &#224;s custas de problemas ortop&#233;dicos pelo peso que se carregava, em tantos procedimentos, por tanto tempo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Novas solu&#231;&#245;es foram criadas, como aventais chumbados suspensos. Contudo, junto a esse aumento da prote&#231;&#227;o individual, foi ganhando for&#231;a a ideia tamb&#233;m de, efetivamente, se realizar o procedimento com a menor quantidade de radia&#231;&#227;o poss&#237;vel. Para isso, o desenvolvimento de sistemas de mapeamento tridimensional foi o impulso que se precisava. Isso, associado ao uso de cateteres de abla&#231;&#227;o por for&#231;a de contato, tornou poss&#237;vel realizar procedimentos, mesmo complexos, manipulando cateteres e aplicando energia com efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a, sem necessitar de visualiza&#231;&#227;o por fluoroscopia. Em procedimentos menos complexos, especialmente do lado direito do cora&#231;&#227;o, descreviam-se abla&#231;&#245;es sem fluoroscopia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Em gestantes, passou a ser uma solu&#231;&#227;o fact&#237;vel. Mesmo para os procedimentos de maior complexidade, passou-se a preconizar a fluoroscopia &#8220;quase zero&#8221;. &#8220;Quase zero&#8221; porque ainda era necess&#225;rio usar a fluoroscopia em alguns momentos, como a pun&#231;&#227;o transeptal, por exemplo.</p>
    <p>Ao mesmo tempo, o ultrassom passou a ser cada vez mais usado em procedimentos cardiol&#243;gicos invasivos, e mais especificamente em eletrofisiologia. Ecografia vascular &#233; usada para aux&#237;lio nas pun&#231;&#245;es vasculares e redu&#231;&#227;o de f&#237;stulas arteriovenosas (AV) e pseudoaneurismas. Ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico &#233; &#250;til para excluir trombos em ap&#234;ndice atrial e auxiliar pun&#231;&#227;o transeptal. Ainda mais &#250;til &#233; o ecocardiograma intracard&#237;aco, que auxilia pun&#231;&#227;o transeptal, permite visualizar &#243;stios de veias pulmonares, descarta derrame peric&#225;rdico, visualiza recessos durante abla&#231;&#227;o do istmo cavotricusp&#237;deo e confirma contato adequado do cateter.</p>
    <p>A ideia de que o ultrassom poderia ser usado para substituir o que ainda era feito com fluoroscopia foi descrita h&#225; mais de 10 anos, e lentamente vem ganhando espa&#231;o na literatura.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> No Brasil, o Dr. Eduardo Saad foi um pioneiro no uso do ecocardiograma intracard&#237;aco em abla&#231;&#245;es complexas, e agora o seu grupo publica a primeira s&#233;rie de casos realizados no Brasil e Am&#233;rica Latina com uso zero de fluoroscopia, e sem a necessidade sequer de vestir o avental de chumbo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Foram 95 pacientes que realizaram o procedimento usando apenas ecocardiograma intracard&#237;aco e mapeamento tridimensional, sendo 69 submetidos &#224; abla&#231;&#227;o de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial, e incluindo 9 pacientes com marca-passo definitivo. Os procedimentos transcorreram com sucesso e sem complica&#231;&#245;es maiores. Mesmo as pun&#231;&#245;es transeptais mais dif&#237;ceis foram realizadas sem o uso de fluoroscopia. &#8220;N&#227;o foi utilizada fluoroscopia de backup, e nenhum vestu&#225;rio de chumbo foi necess&#225;rio&#8220;, dizem os autores.</p>
    <p>Resultados similares, com sucesso elevado e poucas complica&#231;&#245;es, t&#234;m sido descritos por outros grupos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, trabalhos comparativos t&#234;m mostrado que o tempo de aplica&#231;&#227;o de energia n&#227;o aumenta, e o sucesso de m&#233;dio prazo (1 ano) &#233; mantido.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> A maior parte dos dados se refere a taquiarritmias supraventriculares, mas tamb&#233;m apresenta bons resultados em abla&#231;&#245;es de extrass&#237;stoles e taquicardias ventriculares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Ao mesmo tempo que o conceito de que &#233; poss&#237;vel e desej&#225;vel realizar os procedimentos sem usar a fluoroscopia &#233; aceito e se torna a norma, passam a ser buscadas outras t&#233;cnicas, al&#233;m da associa&#231;&#227;o do mapeamento tridimensional com o ecocardiograma intracard&#237;aco. Estudos recentes descrevem a realiza&#231;&#227;o de pun&#231;&#227;o transeptal e abla&#231;&#227;o de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial sem o uso do ecocardiograma intracard&#237;aco, mas usando sa agulhas de pun&#231;&#227;o transeptal como &#8220;cateter bipolar&#8221;,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> ou identificando a fossa <italic>ovalis</italic> somente com o sistema de mapeamento 3-D.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
    <p>N&#227;o parece haver d&#250;vidas de que o futuro aponta para abla&#231;&#245;es sem o uso de fluoroscopia, at&#233; mesmo porque quest&#245;es &#233;ticas e jur&#237;dicas dever&#227;o impulsionar nessa dire&#231;&#227;o. No entanto, quais s&#227;o, atualmente, os obst&#225;culos que dificultam o uso regular da t&#233;cnica? Em primeiro lugar, &#233; preciso lembrar situa&#231;&#245;es nas quais ainda n&#227;o se testou a t&#233;cnica, e que parece de mais dif&#237;cil aplica&#231;&#227;o, como na abla&#231;&#227;o epic&#225;rdica ou em arritmias relacionadas com cardiopatia cong&#234;nita complexa. Em segundo lugar, o custo. N&#227;o s&#227;o todos os seguros que cobrem o uso do ecocardiograma intracard&#237;aco, e a maior parte dos pacientes n&#227;o tem condi&#231;&#245;es de arcar com esse custo. Em terceiro lugar, a in&#233;rcia. A maior parte dos eletrofisiologistas est&#225; acostumada com as t&#233;cnicas tradicionais (que obt&#234;m bons resultados) e n&#227;o est&#225; disposta a passar por uma nova curva de aprendizado. Para procedimentos como abla&#231;&#227;o de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial, n&#227;o parece que esses obst&#225;culos se sustentem frente aos benef&#237;cios da t&#233;cnica. Creio que fica a d&#250;vida com rela&#231;&#227;o aos procedimentos de baixa complexidade, como a abla&#231;&#227;o de taquicardia supraventricular, que hoje s&#227;o feitos com alto sucesso, rar&#237;ssimas complica&#231;&#245;es e doses muito baixas de radia&#231;&#227;o. Se o ganho que se obt&#233;m com o mapeamento tridimensional e uso do ecocardiograma intracard&#237;aco compensa o custo e a necessidade de se colocar uma bainha mais calibrosa para a sonda do ecocardiograma, ainda dever&#225; ser mais bem-definido.</p>
    <p>A abla&#231;&#227;o sem fluoroscopia &#233; um grande avan&#231;o, e j&#225; est&#225; pronta para ser implementada em grande escala. Contudo, como ocorre com todo grande avan&#231;o na ci&#234;ncia, j&#225; aguarda o pr&#243;ximo passo na evolu&#231;&#227;o. Os procedimentos em geral est&#227;o sendo realizados progressivamente de formas menos invasivas. Cirurgias abertas s&#227;o substitu&#237;das por procedimentos por cateteres e videolaparoscopia. Na &#225;rea das arritmias card&#237;acas, abla&#231;&#245;es j&#225; est&#227;o sendo feitas sem a necessidade da coloca&#231;&#227;o de cateteres, mas usando mapeamento por sistemas de eletrodos externos, e abla&#231;&#227;o por estereotaxia, com radia&#231;&#227;o por feixe externo (como a radioterapia). Inicialmente desenvolvida e descrita no tratamento das taquicardias ventriculares,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> a t&#233;cnica agora engatinha tamb&#233;m para ser usada na abla&#231;&#227;o de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A abla&#231;&#227;o &#233; terap&#234;utica indispens&#225;vel e vai se manter como tratamento usual para taquiarritmias. A fluoroscopia, por sua vez, &#233; danosa e vai ser eliminada por procedimentos eletrofisiol&#243;gicos. O assunto &#233; premente, e o interesse &#233; mundial. &#201; hora de aposentar o avental de chumbo. Aqui, ao contr&#225;rio do que se costuma popularmente dizer, quanto menos, melhor. E se for zero, melhor ainda.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Abla&#231;&#227;o Por Cateter Sem Uso de Fluoroscopia Para Tratamento de Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial e Arritmias Atriais: Efic&#225;cia e Seguran&#231;a</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label>Errata</label>
        <p>
          <bold>Edi&#231;&#227;o de Junho de 2020, vol. 114 (6), p&#225;gs. 1027-1028</bold>
        </p>
        <p>No Minieditorial &#8220;Abla&#231;&#227;o por Cateter sem Uso de Raios X para Tratamento de Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial e Arritmias Atriais&#8221;, com n&#250;mero de DOI: https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20200159, publicado no peri&#243;dico Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 114(6):1027-1028, na p&#225;gina 1027, alterar o DOI para: https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20200451.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Catheter Ablation Without Use of X-rays to Treat Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Arrhythmia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9980-9114</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Zimerman</surname>
            <given-names>Leandro Ioschpe</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre &#8211; Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Leandro Ioschpe Zimerman &#8226; Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre &#8211; Cardiologia - Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Postal Code 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil E-mail: lizimerman@gmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <related-article related-article-type="correction-forward" id="r02" xlink:href="10.36660/abc.20210747" ext-link-type="doi"/>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Radiofrequency Ablation/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Radio Waves/adverse effects</kwd>
        <kwd>Personal Protective Equipment</kwd>
        <kwd>Fluoroscopy</kwd>
        <kwd>Arteriovenous Fistula</kwd>
        <kwd>Efficacy</kwd>
        <kwd>Safety</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Radiofrequency ablation is a well-established method and is increasingly used in the treatment of tachyarrhythmia. Traditionally, it is done by placing fluoroscopy-guided intracavitary catheters. Over the years, however, a number of problems related to exposure to radiation have become more evident, such as cataracts, genetic mutations, cancer.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> It is not by chance that the number of tumors in the left cerebral hemisphere, which receives the greatest amount of radiation, is greater than in the right hemisphere, in interventionists. It is important to remember that the risk of cancer is linear with exposure, without a defined threshold, and that there is a cumulative effect. In longer procedures, even severe skin lesions can develop in patients. To reduce these risks to patients and the medical staff, several actions were taken: fluoroscopic devices and methods with less radiation, personal protective equipment, such as an apron, thyroid protection, goggles, cap and even leaded gloves.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Protection increased, but at the expense of orthopedic problems due to the weight that was carried, in so many procedures, for so long.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> New solutions were created, such as suspended lead aprons. But along with this increase in personal protection, the idea of effectively performing the procedure with the least amount of radiation possible gained momentum. For this, the development of three-dimensional mapping systems was the driving force required. This, associated with the use of ablation catheters by contact, made it possible to perform procedures, including complex ones, manipulating catheters and applying energy efficiently and safely, without requiring fluoroscopic imaging. In less complex procedures, especially on the right side of the heart, ablations without fluoroscopy were described.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> In pregnant women, it has become a feasible solution. Even for the more complex procedures, &#8220;near-zero&#8221; fluoroscopy was recommended. &#8220;Near-zero&#8221; because it was still necessary to use fluoroscopy at times, such as transseptal puncture, for example.</p>
      <p>At the same time, ultrasound has been increasingly used in invasive cardiac procedures and, more specifically, in electrophysiology. Vascular ultrasound is used to support vascular punctures and to reduce AV fistulas and pseudoaneurysms. Transesophageal echo is useful to rule out atrial appendage thrombus and to assist transseptal puncture. Even more useful is intracardiac echo, which assists transseptal puncture, shows pulmonary vein ostia, rules out pericardial effusion, shows recesses during cavotricuspid isthmus ablation and confirms adequate catheter contact.</p>
      <p>The idea that ultrasound could be used to replace what was still done with fluoroscopy was described more than 10 years ago, and it is slowly gaining space in the literature.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> In Brazil, Dr. Eduardo Saad was the first to use intracardiac echocardiography in complex ablation procedures, and now his group publishes the first series of cases performed in Brazil and Latin America with zero use of fluoroscopy, which does not even require the lead apron.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Ninety-five patients underwent the procedure using only intracardiac echocardiography and three-dimensional mapping, 69 of whom underwent atrial fibrillation ablation, including 9 patients with permanent pacemaker. The procedures were carried out successfully and without major complications. Even the most difficult transseptal punctures were performed without fluoroscopy. &#8220;Backup fluoroscopy was not used, and no lead clothing was needed,&#8221; the authors say.</p>
      <p>Similar results with high success and few complications have been described by other groups.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Moreover, comparative studies have shown that the energy application time does not increase and medium-term success (1 year) is maintained.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Most of the data refer to supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, but they also have good results for ablation of extrasystole and ventricular tachycardia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>While the concept that it is possible and desirable to do the procedures without fluoroscopy is accepted and becomes the norm, other techniques are sought, in addition to the association of three-dimensional mapping with intracardiac echocardiography. Recent studies describe the performance of transseptal puncture and atrial fibrillation ablation without intracardiac echocardiography, but using transseptal puncture needles such as a &#8220;bipolar catheter&#8221;,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> or identifying the oval fossa with 3-D mapping only.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      <p>There seems to be no doubt that the future points to ablation without fluoroscopy. Even because ethical and legal issues should push in this direction. But what are the obstacles to the regular use of this technique today? Firstly, it is necessary to have in mind the situations in which the technique has not yet been tested and where it seems to be more difficult to apply, such as in epicardial ablation or in arrhythmias related to complex congenital heart diseases. Secondly, the cost. Not every insurance covers the use of intracardiac echocardiography, and most patients are unable to afford this cost. Thirdly, inertia. Most electrophysiologists are used to traditional techniques, get good results, and are not willing to go through a new learning curve. For procedures such as atrial fibrillation ablation, these obstacles do not appear to outweigh the benefits of the technique. I believe that the doubt remains regarding low-complexity procedures, such as ablation of supraventricular tachycardia, which has been successfully performed, with very rare complications and very low doses of radiation. If the gain obtained with three-dimensional mapping and use of intracardiac echocardiography outweighs the cost and the need to place a more calibrated sheath for the echocardiogram probe, it is yet to be better defined.</p>
      <p>Ablation without fluoroscopy is a major progress and is now ready to be implemented on a large scale. But, as with every major progress in science, it is already waiting for the next step in evolution. The procedures in general are being performed progressively in less invasive ways. Open surgeries are replaced by catheter and laparoscopic procedures. As for cardiac arrhythmias, ablations have been performed without the need for catheter placement, but using mapping by external electrode systems, and stereotaxis ablation, with external beam radiation (such as radiotherapy). Initially developed and described in the treatment of ventricular tachycardias,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> the technique is now also potentially to be used in ablation of atrial fibrillation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Ablation is an indispensable therapy and will remain as such as the usual treatment for tachyarrhythmia. Fluoroscopy is harmful and will be eliminated by electrophysiological procedures. This is a pressing issue and concerns the whole world. It is time to dispense with the lead apron. Here, as opposed to what is popularly said, the less the better. And if it&#8217;s zero, that&#8217;s even better.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Catheter Ablation for Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation and Supraventricular Arrhythmias Without Fluoroscopy Use: Acute Efficacy and Safety</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label>Erratum</label>
          <p>
            <bold>June 2021 Issue, vol. 114 (6), pages 1027-1028</bold>
          </p>
          <p>In Short Editorial &#8220;Catheter Ablation Without Use of X-rays to Treat Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Arrhythmia&#8221; with DOI: https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20200159, published in the Journal Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 114(6):1027-1028, on page 1027, change DOI to: https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20200451.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
