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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">s5Xdtv8yHGRXVyX7vVGDCXn</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2020000701013</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200408</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200408</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o da Gravidade da Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana em Pacientes Tratados com Quimioterapia: A Necessidade Adicional da Cardio-Oncologia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8357-5357</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Harinstein</surname>
            <given-names>Matthew E.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Heart and Vascular Institute</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">University of Pittsburgh</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Medical Center</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Pittsburgh</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="US">EUA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA- EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Matthew E. Harinstein &#8226; UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute - South Tower 3F, E352.2, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 E-mail: <email>harinsteinme@upmc.edu</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>03</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1013</fpage>
      <lpage>1014</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Art&#233;ria Coronariana/quimioterapia</kwd>
        <kwd>Neoplasias</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiotoxicidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Taxa de Sobrevida</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Trombose/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="12"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A toxicidade cardiovascular relacionada &#224;s terapias contra o c&#226;ncer &#233; reconhecida h&#225; anos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> O n&#250;mero e os tipos de toxicidade aumentaram rapidamente devido a v&#225;rios fatores, incluindo terapias novas e aperfei&#231;oadas e regimes de tratamento que resultaram em maior sobrevida para os pacientes. Essa &#233; a base para o crescente campo da cardio-oncologia, para ajudar a identificar cardiotoxicidade e cujo objetivo &#233; minimizar os resultados adversos.</p>
    <p>Estudos sobre cardiomiopatias relacionadas &#224;s antraciclinas, geralmente irrevers&#237;veis, e trastuzumabe, tipicamente revers&#237;veis, bem como as cardiotoxicidades reconhecidas mais recentemente, incluindo miocardite relacionada a inibidores de <italic>checkpoint</italic> imune, fizeram a avalia&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a card&#237;aca concomitante crucial no tratamento de pacientes em tratamento para c&#226;ncer.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) tamb&#233;m &#233; uma consequ&#234;ncia de terapias contra o c&#226;ncer e eventos coronarianos adversos, como infarto do mioc&#225;rdio e trombose, podem complicar o tratamento e ter um desfecho desfavor&#225;vel. Assim, uma maior compreens&#227;o dos efeitos adversos de terapias espec&#237;ficas &#233; crucial para avaliar o estado cl&#237;nico dos pacientes e tomar decis&#245;es sobre estrat&#233;gias de tratamento, a fim de maximizar os resultados gerais, tanto oncol&#243;gicos quanto card&#237;acos. A DAC tem sido associada &#224; radioterapia,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> e o risco e a gravidade anat&#244;mica da DAC relacionados ao tratamento com radioterapia j&#225; foram descritos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Em um estudo com 152 sobreviventes de c&#226;ncer tor&#225;cico submetidos &#224; radioterapia, os investigadores observaram que os pacientes do estudo tinham escores SYNTAX mais altos e corriam maior risco de desenvolver DAC anatomicamente grave, independente da quimioterapia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Embora se saiba que a DAC est&#225; presente em pacientes tratados com quimioterapia, independentemente da radioterapia, a associa&#231;&#227;o entre a gravidade anat&#244;mica da DAC e a quimioterapia &#233; menos conhecida.</p>
    <p>Sabe-se que as s&#237;ndromes coron&#225;rias agudas, incluindo trombose coronariana, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio, angina e vasoespasmo, s&#227;o complica&#231;&#245;es causadas por v&#225;rios agentes quimioter&#225;picos, o que afeta os resultados em curto e longo prazo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Os fatores de risco cardiovascular tradicionais, incluindo hipertens&#227;o, diabetes mellitus e tabagismo, est&#227;o presente em pacientes com c&#226;ncer e tem sido sugerido que a DAC preexistente aumenta o risco de desenvolver DAC relacionada ao tratamento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Apesar da efic&#225;cia dos agentes quimioter&#225;picos contra o c&#226;ncer, os mecanismos potenciais que levam a eventos cardiovasculares indesejados incluem disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial, agrega&#231;&#227;o plaquet&#225;ria, n&#237;veis reduzidos de &#243;xido nitroso, n&#237;veis aumentados de esp&#233;cies reativas de oxig&#234;nio e vasoespasmo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> No entanto, o efeito que diferentes agentes quimioter&#225;picos t&#234;m em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; a gravidade anat&#244;mica e a complexidade da DAC podem ajudar ainda mais a estratificar os pacientes submetidos &#224; quimioterapia, a fim de determinar quem pode estar em risco de eventos card&#237;acos adversos e / ou quem deve ter altera&#231;&#245;es no tratamento considerado.</p>
    <p>Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Yang et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> investigaram a associa&#231;&#227;o entre quimioterapia e anormalidades anat&#244;micas ateroscler&#243;ticas das art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias, com base na angiografia coronariana, em pacientes tratados por c&#226;ncer de pulm&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> O grupo de estudo transversal retrospectivo incluiu 94 pacientes, 36 dos quais foram submetidos &#224; quimioterapia e os demais, n&#227;o. Note-se que quase metade daqueles submetidos &#224; quimioterapia tamb&#233;m receberam radioterapia, enquanto apenas 7% daqueles que n&#227;o foram submetidos &#224; quimioterapia receberam radia&#231;&#227;o. Os autores descobriram que a gravidade da DAC, avaliada pelo escore SYNTAX, foi maior no grupo de quimioterapia comparado ao grupo de n&#227;o-quimioterapia. Ap&#243;s an&#225;lises univariadas e multivariadas, eles determinaram que a quimioterapia aumentou o risco de um escore SYNTAX alto e a quimioterapia aumentou o risco de DAC anat&#244;mica mais grave em 5,333 vezes.</p>
    <p>Os pacientes da coorte exibiam fatores de risco tradicionais de DAC, incluindo idade avan&#231;ada, hipertens&#227;o e tabagismo; entretanto, apenas metade fumava e aproximadamente 20% tinha diabetes mellitus. N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as demogr&#225;ficas significativas entre os grupos de quimioterapia e n&#227;o-quimioterapia. &#201; importante ressaltar que os autores relataram os tipos de regimes de quimioterapia que os pacientes receberam. As quimioterapias &#224; base de platina t&#234;m sido associadas a um risco em longo prazo 1,5 a 7 vezes maior de DAC e infarto do mioc&#225;rdio; entretanto, a complexidade da DAC n&#227;o est&#225; bem descrita.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Na popula&#231;&#227;o estudada por Yang et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> aproximadamente 78% dos pacientes receberam regimes de tratamento &#224; base de platina. Eles observaram um risco ainda maior de DAC anat&#244;mica mais grave nesse grupo. Os autores concluem que a quimioterapia est&#225; associada &#224; complexidade e gravidade anat&#244;mica da DAC e postulam que ela pode ser parcialmente respons&#225;vel pelo maior risco de DAC em pacientes com c&#226;ncer de pulm&#227;o. &#201; importante observar que, embora o manejo m&#233;dico deva ser a primeira estrat&#233;gia de tratamento empregada no tratamento da DAC, as terapias invasivas n&#227;o s&#227;o proibitivas, apesar da presen&#231;a de v&#225;rias comorbidades.</p>
    <p>Apesar da presen&#231;a de coagulopatias e trombocitopenia, as quais podem estar presentes em pacientes que recebem quimioterapia, as mesmas n&#227;o devem ser consideradas contraindica&#231;&#245;es para terapias coron&#225;rias invasivas. Demonstrou-se que a interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea (ICP) pode ser realizada com seguran&#231;a em pacientes com contagem de plaquetas superior a 30.000 /mL ap&#243;s o acesso por micropuntura e realiza&#231;&#227;o de cuidadosa hemostasia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Desse modo, em pacientes com DAC obstrutiva que apresentam falha da terapia m&#233;dica, uma estrat&#233;gia de tratamento com ICP com coloca&#231;&#227;o de stent farmacol&#243;gico, com o menor tempo necess&#225;rio de terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria dupla, ainda deve ser considerada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
    <p>As limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo s&#227;o adequadamente descritas pelos pesquisadores. A amostra era pequena, e este foi um estudo retrospectivo de centro &#250;nico, realizado em uma popula&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica de pacientes que tinha c&#226;ncer de pulm&#227;o e foram submetidos &#224; angiografia coronariana por suspeita de DAC. Um n&#250;mero menor de pacientes recebeu radioterapia no grupo n&#227;o-quimioter&#225;pico. Metade dos pacientes no grupo de quimioterapia tamb&#233;m recebeu radioterapia, potencialmente amplificando o efeito nas art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias. Como observado, seria &#250;til saber o est&#225;gio do c&#226;ncer de pulm&#227;o na apresenta&#231;&#227;o inicial, uma vez que aqueles que receberam quimioterapia poderiam ter uma doen&#231;a mais avan&#231;ada e, consequentemente, mais inflama&#231;&#227;o por um per&#237;odo de tempo mais longo, o que pode promover a aterosclerose e contribuir para os resultados observados. Al&#233;m disso, a correla&#231;&#227;o entre a gravidade anat&#244;mica da DAC e os eventos cardiovasculares cl&#237;nicos em longo prazo n&#227;o foi avaliada. A futura avalia&#231;&#227;o dos desfechos &#233; importante para determinar se a presen&#231;a de DAC mais complexa prediz um pior progn&#243;stico nesse grupo de pacientes. Assim, entender n&#227;o apenas a associa&#231;&#227;o, mas tamb&#233;m o efeito da quimioterapia na gravidade anat&#244;mica da DAC &#233; importante ao planejar e monitorar a estrat&#233;gia de tratamento de um paciente.</p>
    <p>Yang et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> deram o pr&#243;ximo passo para entender a import&#226;ncia da DAC em pacientes tratados com quimioterapia, ao avaliar a gravidade e a complexidade da DAC. Isso destaca a crescente necessidade do campo da cardio-oncologia de investigar os efeitos e desfechos cardiovasculares em pacientes que t&#234;m e s&#227;o tratados por c&#226;ncer.</p>
    <p>Com o objetivo de minimizar os eventos card&#237;acos imprevistos, investiga&#231;&#245;es adicionais sobre este t&#243;pico, avaliando as muitas classes de agentes quimioter&#225;picos e diferentes tipos de c&#226;ncer s&#227;o importantes para nossa compreens&#227;o de como tratar melhor os pacientes e prevenir eventos cardiovasculares adversos. O monitoramento dos resultados cl&#237;nicos e a avalia&#231;&#227;o da DAC em futuros estudos cl&#237;nicos prospectivos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para validar o efeito da quimioterapia na gravidade anat&#244;mica e nos mecanismos subjacentes da DAC em pacientes tratados por c&#226;ncer.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana Anat&#244;mica Associada &#224; Quimioterapia em Pacientes com C&#226;ncer de Pulm&#227;o Avaliada pelo Escore Angiogr&#225;fico SYNTAX</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Evaluating the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Treated with Chemotherapy: The Further Need for Cardio-Oncology</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8357-5357</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Harinstein</surname>
            <given-names>Matthew E.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="US">USA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA -USA</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Matthew E. Harinstein &#8226; UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute - South Tower 3F, E352.2, 200 Lothrop Street Pittsburgh, PA 15213 E-mail: harinsteinme@upmc.edu</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease/radiotherapy</kwd>
        <kwd>Neoplasms</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiotoxicity</kwd>
        <kwd>Survival Rate</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Thromboses/complications</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Cardiovascular toxicity related to cancer therapies has been recognized for years.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> The number and types of toxicities have increased rapidly due to several factors including new and improved therapies and treatment regimens which have resulted in patients living longer. This is the basis for the burgeoning field of cardio-oncology to help identify cardiotoxicities and aim to minimize adverse outcomes.</p>
      <p>Cardiomyopathies related to anthracyclines, which are typically irreversible, and trastuzumab, typically reversible, as well as more recently recognized cardiotoxicities including myocarditis related to immune checkpoint inhibitors have made the evaluation of concomitant cardiac disease critical in the care of patients being treated for cancer.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Coronary artery disease (CAD) is also a consequence of cancer therapies and adverse coronary events such as myocardial infarction and thrombosis can complicate treatment and result in poor outcomes. Thus, further understanding of the adverse effects of specific therapies is crucial to assessing patients&#8217; clinical statuses and making decisions on treatment strategies in order to maximize overall outcomes, both oncologic and cardiac. CAD and has been associated with radiation therapy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> The risk and anatomic severity of CAD related to radiotherapy treatment has been described.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> In a study of 152 thoracic cancer survivors who underwent radiotherapy, the investigators observed that the study patients had higher SYNTAX scores and were at a higher risk of developing anatomically severe CAD, independent of chemotherapy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> While although CAD is known to be present in patients being treated with chemotherapy, independent of radiotherapy, the association between anatomic severity of CAD and chemotherapy is less well known.</p>
      <p>Acute coronary syndromes, including coronary thrombosis, myocardial infarction, angina as well as vasospasm are known to be complications of several chemotherapy agents, which affects both short and long-term outcomes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Traditional cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, diabetes mellitus and tobacco abuse are present in patients with cancer and it has been suggested that pre-existing CAD increases the risk of developing treatment-related CAD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Despite the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents against cancer, potential mechanisms leading to unintended cardiovascular events include endothelial dysfunction, platelet aggregation, reduced nitrous oxide levels, increased levels of reactive oxygen species and vasospasm.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> However, the effect that different chemotherapy agents have in regards to the anatomic severity and complexity of CAD may further help to risk stratify patients undergoing chemotherapy in order to determine who may be at risk of adverse cardiac events and or who should have alterations in their treatment considered.</p>
      <p>In this issue of <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> , Yang et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> investigated the association between chemotherapy and atherosclerotic anatomic abnormalities of coronary arteries, based on coronary angiography, in patients treated for lung cancer.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Their retrospective cross-sectional study group included 94 patients, 36 of whom received chemotherapy and the remaining did not. It should be noted that nearly half of those who received chemotherapy also had radiation therapy, whereas only 7% of those who did not have chemotherapy had radiation. The authors found that the severity of CAD, as assessed by the SYNTAX score, was higher in the chemotherapy group compared to the non-chemotherapy group. After univariate and multivariate analyses, they determined that chemotherapy increased the risk of a high SYNTAX score and chemotherapy increased the risk of more severe anatomical CAD by 5.323 times.</p>
      <p>Patients in the cohort exhibited traditional CAD risk factors including older age, hypertension and tobacco abuse, however, only half smoked and approximately 20% had diabetes mellitus. There were no significant demographic differences between the chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy groups. Importantly, the authors reported the types of chemotherapy regimens the patients received. Platinum-based chemotherapies have been associated with up to a 1.5- to 7-fold higher long-term risk of CAD and myocardial infarction, however, the complexity of CAD is not well described.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> In the population studied by Yang et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> approximately 78% of patients were treated with platinum-based regimens. They observed an even greater risk of more severe anatomical CAD in this group. The authors conclude that chemotherapy is associated with anatomical complexity and severity of CAD and postulate that it might partly account for the higher risk of CAD among lung cancer patients. It is important to note that while although medical management should be the first treatment strategy employed for the treatment of CAD, invasive therapies are not prohibitive despite the presence of several comorbidities.</p>
      <p>Despite the presence of coagulopathies and thrombocytopenia which may be present in patients who receive chemotherapy, these should not be considered contraindications for invasive coronary therapies. It has been demonstrated that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can be performed safely in patients with platelet counts greater than 30,000/mL after micropuncture access and achievement of careful hemostasis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Thus, in patients with obstructive CAD, who fail medical therapy, a treatment strategy of PCI with drug-eluting stent placement with the least length of required dual antiplatelet therapy should still be considered.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The limitations of the study are fairly described by the investigators. The sample was small, and this was a single-center retrospective study, performed among a specific population of patients, who had had lung cancer and underwent coronary angiography for suspicion of CAD. A lower number of patients received radiotherapy in the non-chemotherapy group. Half of the patients in the chemotherapy group also received radiation therapy, thus potentially amplifying the effect on the coronary arteries. As noted, it would be helpful to know the stage of lung cancer at initial presentation, since those who received chemotherapy could have had more advanced disease and, consequently, more inflammation for a longer period of time, which may promote atherosclerosis and contribute to the results observed. Additionally, the correlation between anatomical severity of CAD and long-term clinical cardiovascular events was not assessed. The future assessment of outcomes is important to determine if the presence of more complex CAD portends worse prognosis in this group of patients. Thus, understanding not only the association, but also the effect of chemotherapy on anatomical severity of CAD is important when both planning and monitoring a patient&#8217;s treatment strategy.</p>
      <p>Yang et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> took the next step in understanding the significance of CAD in patients treated with chemotherapy by evaluating the severity and complexity of CAD. This highlights the growing need for the field of cardio-oncology to investigate the cardiovascular effects and outcomes in patients who have and are treated for cancer. In order to hopefully minimize unanticipated cardiac events, further investigations of this topic evaluating the many classes of chemotherapeutic agents and different types of cancer are important to our understanding of how best to treat patients and prevent adverse cardiovascular events. Monitoring of clinical outcomes and CAD assessment during future prospective clinical studies are necessary to validate the effect of chemotherapy on the anatomical severity and underlying mechanisms of CAD in patients treated for cancer.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Chemotherapy-Related Anatomical Coronary-Artery Disease in Lung Cancer Patients Evaluated by Coronary- Angiography SYNTAX Score</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
