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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">Qw8w9fm4bdCPKyRSskMBTQh</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2020000600803</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200314</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200314</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Compara&#231;&#227;o dos Escores HEART, TIMI e GRACE para Predi&#231;&#227;o de Eventos Cardiovasculares Adversos Maiores na Era de Troponina I de Alta Sensibilidade</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7058-799X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Soares</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriel Porto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Vassouras</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Vassouras</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Vassouras, Vassouras, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Universit&#225;rio de Valen&#231;a</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Valen&#231;a</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio de Valen&#231;a (UNIFAA), Valen&#231;a, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Gabriel Porto Soares &#8226; Pra&#231;a Sebasti&#227;o de Lacerda, 15. CEP 27700-000, Centro, Vassouras, RJ - Brasil E-mail: <email>gp.soares@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>803</fpage>
      <lpage>804</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda</kwd>
        <kwd>Pontua&#231;&#227;o de Propens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Probabilidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Estudos de Casos e Controle</kwd>
        <kwd>Troponina/efeitos adverso</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="2"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>As doen&#231;as do aparelho circulat&#243;rio predominam como primeira causa de &#243;bitos no mundo; entre as doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, as doen&#231;as isqu&#234;micas do cora&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o o primeiro grupo de causas. A doen&#231;a card&#237;aca isqu&#234;mica (DIC) &#233; a principal causa global de morte, correspondendo a mais de 9 milh&#245;es de mortes em 2016, de acordo com estimativas da Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de (OMS).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A mortalidade por DIC nos pa&#237;ses ocidentais diminuiu drasticamente ao longo das &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas, com maior foco na preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria e melhor diagn&#243;stico e tratamento de DIC. No entanto, os pa&#237;ses em desenvolvimento apresentam novos desafios para a sa&#250;de p&#250;blica<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> &#8211; tal cen&#225;rio se reproduz na Am&#233;rica Latina. No presente estudo,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> realizado na Col&#244;mbia, a taxa de mortalidade por DIC era de 150 &#243;bitos por 100 mil habitantes no ano de 2015, representando a principal causa de &#243;bitos naquele pa&#237;s.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Desenvolver escores capazes de prever morte diante das doen&#231;as respons&#225;veis pela maior parcela dos &#243;bitos no mundo sempre permeou os objetivos dos cardiologistas. A pergunta &#8220;Qual a probabilidade deste paciente com quadro agudo de DIC morrer?&#8221; &#233; feita, conscientemente ou n&#227;o, todas as vezes diante da possibilidade diagn&#243;stica de infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) com ou sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST ou de um quadro de angina inst&#225;vel.</p>
    <p>A busca de vari&#225;veis capazes de predizer mortes ou desfechos desfavor&#225;veis &#8211; atribuindo ao conjunto destas vari&#225;veis modelos matem&#225;ticos de probabilidade a curto ou m&#233;dio prazo &#8211; levou ao desenvolvimento de escores, com mais organiza&#231;&#227;o e confiabilidade no in&#237;cio dos anos 2000. Iniciou-se com o TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction Risk Score), para progn&#243;stico e decis&#227;o terap&#234;utica nos pacientes com angina inst&#225;vel e IAM sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Em seguida, o escore GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events), como preditor de mortalidade hospitalar nos pacientes com s&#237;ndromes coronarianas agudas. O terceiro escore utilizado nessa compara&#231;&#227;o foi desenvolvido na Holanda em 2007, e &#233; composto por cinco vari&#225;veis, formando o mnem&#244;nico HEART (<bold>h</bold>istory, <bold>E</bold>CG, <bold>A</bold>GE, <bold><italic>r</italic></bold><italic>isk factors</italic> e <bold>t</bold>roponina).</p>
    <p>A seguir, na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>, s&#227;o comparadas as vari&#225;veis e as previs&#245;es dos tr&#234;s tipos de escores. Chama a aten&#231;&#227;o o fato de tr&#234;s vari&#225;veis serem comuns entre eles: idade, altera&#231;&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fica e a presen&#231;a de positividade em marcadores de necrose mioc&#225;rdica, especialmente a troponina I. Isso demonstra que essas tr&#234;s vari&#225;veis s&#227;o indicadores independentes de mortalidade e desfechos desfavor&#225;veis em qualquer tipo de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda. O escore GRACE n&#227;o leva em considera&#231;&#227;o a presen&#231;a de fatores de risco ou dados de hist&#243;ria cl&#237;nica, mas, entre os tr&#234;s, &#233; o que cont&#233;m maior quantidade de vari&#225;veis hemodin&#226;micas: press&#227;o sist&#243;lica, frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e classifica&#231;&#227;o de Killip. Uma vari&#225;vel do escore TIMI deve ficar incompleta em grande parte dos casos, pois avalia a presen&#231;a de uma estenose coronariana pr&#233;via; portanto, h&#225; necessidade de estudo coronariogr&#225;fico anterior. O TIMI &#233; o &#250;nico que tamb&#233;m considera qualquer uso de terap&#234;utica antiagregante pr&#233;via. No escore GRACE, pode faltar a vari&#225;vel creatinina na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial na sala de emerg&#234;ncia, pois ir&#225; depender do tempo de realiza&#231;&#227;o deste exame.</p>
    <p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Tabela 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>&#8211; Compara&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis e previs&#245;es de desfechos dos escores TIMI, GRACE e HEART</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup width="33%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th colspan="3">Escores de Risco</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th colspan="3">
                <hr/>
              </th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">TIMI</th>
              <th>GRACE</th>
              <th>HEART</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>Idade</td>
              <td align="center">Idade</td>
              <td align="center">Idade</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Desvio ST</td>
              <td align="center">Desvio ST</td>
              <td align="center">ECG: desvio ST &#8211; dist&#250;rbio inespec&#237;fico, repolariza&#231;&#227;o ou BRE &#8211; normal</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Marcadores +</td>
              <td align="center">Marcadores +</td>
              <td align="center">Troponina 3&#215;, 1 a 3&#215;, normal</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Fatores de risco &lt; 3 ou &gt; 3</td>
              <td>
							</td>
              <td align="center">FR &gt; 3 ou aterosclerose, 1 ou 2 FR, sem FR</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Angina em 24 horas</td>
              <td>
							</td>
              <td align="center">Hist&#243;ria cl&#237;nica</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
							</td>
              <td align="center">Frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</td>
              <td>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
							</td>
              <td align="center">Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica</td>
              <td>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
							</td>
              <td align="center">Killip</td>
              <td>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Estenose coron&#225;ria &gt; 50%</td>
              <td>
							</td>
              <td>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>&#193;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico: 7 dias</td>
              <td>
							</td>
              <td>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
							</td>
              <td align="center">Creatinina</td>
              <td>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
							</td>
              <td align="center">Parada card&#237;aca</td>
              <td>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center" colspan="3">
                <hr/>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center" colspan="3">
                <bold>Previs&#227;o de Desfechos</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center" colspan="3">
                <hr/>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">
                <bold>TIMI</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
                <bold>GRACE</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
                <bold>HEART</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center" colspan="3">
                <hr/>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Previs&#227;o para 14 dias: morte, reinfarto, revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de urg&#234;ncia</td>
              <td align="center">Previs&#227;o de mortalidade na interna&#231;&#227;o e para 1 ano</td>
              <td align="center">Previs&#227;o para 6 semanas de morte, revasculariza&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica ou percut&#226;nea e IAM</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>
              <italic>ECG: eletrocardiograma; BRE: bloqueio de ramo esquerdo; FR: fator de risco; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio.</italic>
            </p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
    </p>
    <p>Os tr&#234;s escores foram constru&#237;dos para previs&#227;o de morte em diferentes intervalos &#8211; 14 dias no TIMI; hospitalar e em 1 ano no GRACE; em 6 semanas para o HEART. Vale ressaltar que no estudo comparativo de Torralba et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> o intervalo para avalia&#231;&#227;o dos desfechos foi de 30 dias. Outro ponto a ser criticado &#233; que, no escore GRACE, o desfecho previsto &#233; morte e, em tal estudo, foram analisados os desfechos morte, IAM, revasculariza&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica ou percut&#226;nea para os tr&#234;s escores, provavelmente reduzindo a sensibilidade do escore GRACE, pois foram analisados desfechos n&#227;o previstos no modelo matem&#225;tico preditivo do escore. V&#225;rios autores j&#225; realizaram compara&#231;&#245;es entres diferentes escores preditores para doen&#231;a coronariana aguda, demonstrando desempenho superior do escore HEART<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> em compara&#231;&#227;o aos outros escores.</p>
    <p>O escore HEART &#233; de mais f&#225;cil obten&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis, pois estas s&#227;o objetivas e presentes no momento do atendimento inicial do paciente; a atribui&#231;&#227;o de pontua&#231;&#227;o de 0 a 2 para cada uma das vari&#225;veis &#233; mais simples e dispensa uso de calculadoras ou aplicativos para sua obten&#231;&#227;o. Tais fatos certamente contribuem para o melhor desempenho na alta sensibilidade de prever eventos card&#237;acos maiores quando comparados ao TIMI e ao GRACE. Ainda devemos considerar que o desempenho dos tr&#234;s escores foi bem satisfat&#243;rio para prever eventos, pois at&#233; mesmo o GRACE, que demonstrou ser o menos sens&#237;vel, foi o que apresentou melhor especificidade quando comparado aos outros dois.</p>
    <p>Todos os escores apresentam seu papel quando bem realizados, bem aplicados e bem interpretados &#8211; lembrando que s&#227;o valores matem&#225;ticos capazes de fazer previs&#245;es extrapoladas para grupos populacionais, e n&#227;o substituem a avalia&#231;&#227;o individualizada de cada paciente com s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Os Escores HEART, TIMI e GRACE para Predi&#231;&#227;o de Eventos Cardiovasculares Adversos Maiores no Per&#237;odo de 30 Dias na Era de Troponina I de Alta Sensibilidade</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Comparison of HEART, TIMI and GRACE Scores for Predicting Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in the Era of High-Sensitivity Assay for Troponin I</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7058-799X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Soares</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriel Porto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Vassouras, Vassouras, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio de Valen&#231;a (UNIFAA), Valen&#231;a, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> Mailing Address: Gabriel Porto Soares &#8226; Pra&#231;a Sebasti&#227;o de Lacerda, 15. Postal Code 27700-000, Centro, Vassouras, RJ - Brazil E-mail: gp.soares@yahoo.com.br </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Acute Coronary Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>Propensity Score</kwd>
        <kwd>Probability</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Case-Control Studies</kwd>
        <kwd>Troponin/adverse effects</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Diseases of the circulatory system predominate as the leading cause of death in the world; among cardiovascular diseases, ischemic heart diseases are the first group of causes. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading global cause of death, accounting for more than 9 million deaths in 2016, according to estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Mortality from IHD in Western countries has decreased dramatically over the past few decades, with a greater focus on primary prevention and better diagnosis and treatment of IHD. However, developing countries present new challenges for public health<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> &#8212; this scenario is reproduced in Latin America. In this study,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> carried out in Colombia, the mortality rate from IHD was 150 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants in 2015, representing the main cause of deaths in that country.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Developing scores capable of predicting death from the diseases responsible for the largest share of deaths in the world has always been among the objectives of cardiologists. The question &#8220;How likely is this patient with acute IHD to die?&#8221; is made, whether consciously or not, every time there is a diagnostic possibility of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with or without ST-segment elevation or unstable angina.</p>
      <p>The search for variables capable of predicting deaths or unfavorable outcomes &#8212; assigning mathematical models of probability in the short or medium term to these set of variables &#8212; has led to the development of scores, with more organization and reliability in the early 2000s. It started with TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction Risk Score), for prognosis and therapeutic decision in patients with unstable angina and AMI without ST-segment elevation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Then, the GRACE score (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events), as a predictor of hospital mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes. The third score used in this comparison was developed in the Netherlands in 2007 and consists of five variables, forming the HEART mnemonic (<bold>h</bold>istory, <bold>E</bold>CG, <bold>A</bold>GE, <bold>r</bold>isk factors and <bold>t</bold>roponin).</p>
      <p>Below, in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref>, the variables and predictions of the three types of scores are compared. Note that three variables are common among them: age, electrocardiographic abnormality and the presence of positivity in myocardial necrosis markers, especially troponin I. This demonstrates that these three variables are independent indicators of mortality and unfavorable outcomes in any type of acute coronary syndrome. The GRACE score does not take into account the presence of risk factors or clinical history data, but, among the three, it is the one that contains the greatest number of hemodynamic variables: systolic pressure, heart rate and Killip classification. One variable of the TIMI score must be incomplete in most cases, as it assesses the presence of previous coronary stenosis; therefore, previous coronary angiography scan is required. TIMI is the only one that also considers any use of previous antiplatelet therapy. In the GRACE score, the variable &#8220;creatinine&#8221; may be missing in the initial evaluation in the emergency room, as it will depend on the timing of this scan.</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t1001">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Comparison of variables and predictions of outcomes of the TIMI, GRACE and HEART scores</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="33%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th colspan="3">Risk Scores</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th colspan="3">
                  <hr/>
                </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">TIMI</th>
                <th>GRACE</th>
                <th>HEART</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Age</td>
                <td align="center">Age</td>
                <td align="center">Age</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>ST deviation</td>
                <td align="center">ST deviation</td>
                <td align="center">ECG: ST deviation &#8212; nonspecific disorder, repolarization or LBBB &#8212; normal</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>+ markers</td>
                <td align="center">+ markers</td>
                <td align="center">Troponin 3 &#215;, 1 to 3 &#215;, normal</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Risk factors &lt; 3 or &gt; 3</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center">RF &gt; 3 or atherosclerosis, 1 or 2 RF, without RF</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Chest pain in 24 hours</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center">Clinical history</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center">Heart rate</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center">Systolic blood pressure</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center">Killip</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Coronary stenosis &gt;50%</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Acetylsalicylic acid: 7 days</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center">Creatinine</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center">Cardiac arrest</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" colspan="3">
                  <hr/>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" colspan="3">
                  <bold>Prediction of Outcomes</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" colspan="3">
                  <hr/>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>TIMI</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>GRACE</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>HEART</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" colspan="3">
                  <hr/>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>14-day prediction: death, reinfarction, emergency coronary artery bypass grafting</td>
                <td align="center">Prediction of mortality at admission and for 1 year</td>
                <td align="center">Prediction for 6 weeks of death, surgical or percutaneous coronary artery bypass grafting and AMI</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1001">
              <p>
                <italic>ECG: electrocardiography; LBBB: left bundle branch block; RF: risk factor; AMI: acute myocardial infarction.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>The three scores were constructed to predict death at different intervals &#8212; 14 days at TIMI; hospital death and in 1 year at GRACE; in 6 weeks for HEART. It is worth mentioning that, in the comparative study by Torralba et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> the interval of outcome evaluation was 30 days. Another point to be criticized is that, in the GRACE score, the predicted outcome is death and, in such study, the outcomes death, AMI, surgical or percutaneous coronary artery bypass grafting for the three scores were analyzed, probably reducing the sensitivity of the GRACE score, as outcomes not included in the mathematical predictive model of the score were analyzed. Several authors have compared different predictive scores for acute coronary disease, demonstrating superior performance of the HEART<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> score compared to the other scores.</p>
      <p>In the HEART score, it is easier to obtain the variables, as these are objective and present at the patient&#8217;s first appointment; scoring of 0 to 2 to each of the variables is simpler and does not require any calculators or apps. These facts certainly contribute to the better performance in high-sensitivity prediction of major cardiac events compared to TIMI and GRACE. We must still consider that the performance of the three scores was quite satisfactory for predicting events, since even GRACE, which proved to be the least sensitive one, was the one with the best specificity compared to the other two.</p>
      <p>All scores play their role when well performed, well applied and well interpreted &#8212; noting that they are mathematical values capable of making extrapolated predictions for population groups and do not substitute the individualized assessment of each patient with acute coronary syndrome.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: HEART, TIMI, and GRACE Scores for Prediction of 30-Day Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in the Era of High-Sensitivity Troponin</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
