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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">KmdP3CSMVQ4Vsn78B4Mxw8F</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2020000600793</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200286</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200286</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Conhecimento sobre Atividade F&#237;sica e seus N&#237;veis em Crian&#231;as com Cardiopatia Cong&#234;nita</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9850-7771</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Marques</surname>
            <given-names>Adilson</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gouveia</surname>
            <given-names>Bruna</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">CIPER</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Motricidade Humana</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Lisboa</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Lisboa</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">ISAMB</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Lisboa</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Lisboa</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto de Administra&#231;&#227;o da Sa&#250;de</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">IP-RAM</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ilha da Madeira</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Administra&#231;&#227;o da Sa&#250;de, IP-RAM, Ilha da Madeira - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Interactive Technologies Institute</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">LARSyS</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Lisboa</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Interactive Technologies Institute, LARSyS, Lisboa &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Adilson Marques &#8226; Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Motricidade Humana - Estrada da Costa Cruz Quebrada -- Please Select (only U.S. / Can / Aus) 1499-002 &#8211; Portugal E-mail: <email>amarques@fmh.ulisboa.pt</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>793</fpage>
      <lpage>794</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nitas</kwd>
        <kwd>Comorbidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Crian&#231;as</kwd>
        <kwd>Adolescentes</kwd>
        <kwd>Exerc&#237;cio</kwd>
        <kwd>Atividade F&#237;sica</kwd>
        <kwd>Conhecimento</kwd>
        <kwd>Condicionamento F&#237;sico</kwd>
        <kwd>Qualidade de Vida</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="15"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Os benef&#237;cios da atividade f&#237;sica j&#225; est&#227;o bem documentados. Em crian&#231;as e adolescentes, a atividade f&#237;sica melhora a sa&#250;de cardiovascular, &#243;ssea e metab&#243;lica, n&#237;veis de condicionamento f&#237;sico, peso corporal e condi&#231;&#227;o do sono.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, h&#225; evid&#234;ncias dos benef&#237;cios cognitivos, psicol&#243;gicos e sociais da atividade f&#237;sica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Os benef&#237;cios da atividade f&#237;sica sobre a sa&#250;de s&#227;o transversais a todas as crian&#231;as, incluindo aquelas que vivem com uma doen&#231;a cr&#244;nica, como doen&#231;a card&#237;aca cong&#234;nita (DCC), prevenindo comorbidades e melhorando a qualidade de vida.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A import&#226;ncia da atividade f&#237;sica para crian&#231;as com DCC j&#225; foi documentada h&#225; muito tempo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> A participa&#231;&#227;o em atividades f&#237;sicas &#233; de grande import&#226;ncia para as crian&#231;as com DCC, pois elas correm o risco de desenvolver outras doen&#231;as cardiovasculares e metab&#243;licas,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> sinais crescentes de depress&#227;o e ansiedade.6 Al&#233;m disso, quando presentes, esses problemas de sa&#250;de podem ser mitigados por um estilo de vida ativo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Embora os benef&#237;cios da atividade f&#237;sica para a sa&#250;de sejam bem reconhecidos, as evid&#234;ncias mostram que algumas crian&#231;as com DCC n&#227;o praticam atividade f&#237;sica suficiente para atingir os n&#237;veis recomendados,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> e a atividade f&#237;sica diminui e os comportamentos sedent&#225;rios aumentam com a idade em ambos os sexos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, os n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica de crian&#231;as com DCC s&#227;o inferiores aos de crian&#231;as saud&#225;veis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup>Portanto, &#233; importante identificar os fatores associados a n&#237;veis menores de atividade f&#237;sica.</p>
    <p>Apesar da import&#226;ncia da atividade f&#237;sica para a sa&#250;de das crian&#231;as com DCC, a mesma n&#227;o &#233; considerada como tendo um valor-alvo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Como a maioria dos pais concentra sua aten&#231;&#227;o no desempenho acad&#234;mico em dire&#231;&#227;o a uma carreira desejada, a atividade f&#237;sica parece ser menos importante. Assim, o tempo dispon&#237;vel &#233; utilizado para trabalhos escolares. Al&#233;m disso, os pais pensam que a atividade f&#237;sica n&#227;o &#233; importante em compara&#231;&#227;o com a ampla gama de outras atividades dispon&#237;veis para crian&#231;as com DCC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup>Para v&#225;rios pais, a atividade f&#237;sica tem um papel limitado no processo de reabilita&#231;&#227;o, de modo que eles tendem a superproteger seus filhos contra algumas pr&#225;ticas de atividade f&#237;sica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, sup&#245;e-se que as crian&#231;as com DCC sejam respons&#225;veis por se envolver em comportamentos de redu&#231;&#227;o de risco, e a atividade f&#237;sica &#233; considerada um risco potencial para algumas pessoas. Essas concep&#231;&#245;es contribuem para os discursos individualistas do &#8220;<italic>healthism</italic>&#8221; (salutarismo)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> e crian&#231;as e pais concluem que a atividade f&#237;sica pode ser importante, mas n&#227;o &#233; t&#227;o importante, pois pode comprometer o desempenho acad&#234;mico ou o estado de sa&#250;de. &#192; luz dessas cren&#231;as, seria interessante analisar o conhecimento das crian&#231;as com DCC sobre atividade f&#237;sica.</p>
    <p>Campos et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> realizaram um estudo com o objetivo de identificar os n&#237;veis de conhecimento de crian&#231;as e adolescentes com DCC sobre sua doen&#231;a e analisar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre os n&#237;veis de conhecimento e a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica. &#201; um estudo interessante realizado em uma amostra cuidadosamente selecionada de crian&#231;as e adolescentes com DCC. Os dados foram auto-relatados, mas para este estudo em particular, o auto-relato foi o m&#233;todo mais apropriado para avaliar o conhecimento e os n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica das crian&#231;as e dos adolescentes. A partir dos resultados, observou-se que muitas crian&#231;as e adolescentes tiveram dificuldades em descrever sua doen&#231;a. Quase metade das crian&#231;as e adolescentes n&#227;o sabia o nome do seu defeito card&#237;aco e apenas 24% localizou corretamente as les&#245;es em um diagrama card&#237;aco. Esses resultados devem ser motivo de preocupa&#231;&#227;o, porque, sem o conhecimento correto do problema de sa&#250;de, muitas a&#231;&#245;es contraproducentes podem ser tomadas. Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; atividade f&#237;sica, as crian&#231;as e adolescentes mais ativos apresentaram maior conhecimento sobre a doen&#231;a. O desenho do estudo n&#227;o permitiu compreender a associa&#231;&#227;o entre conhecimento e pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica. No entanto, os autores fornecem algumas explica&#231;&#245;es potenciais e razo&#225;veis. Talvez, os pais de crian&#231;as ou adolescentes que praticam atividade f&#237;sica estejam preocupados com os efeitos da atividade f&#237;sica na sa&#250;de de seus filhos. Por esse motivo, eles consultam os m&#233;dicos para obter mais informa&#231;&#245;es sobre atividade f&#237;sica e DCC. Como resultado, ao questionar as limita&#231;&#245;es da atividade f&#237;sica, pais e filhos ou adolescentes obt&#234;m mais informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a doen&#231;a e compreendem os efeitos na sa&#250;de da atividade f&#237;sica. O desenho do estudo n&#227;o permitiu compreender a associa&#231;&#227;o entre conhecimento e pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica. No entanto, os autores fornecem algumas explica&#231;&#245;es potenciais e razo&#225;veis. Talvez, os pais de crian&#231;as ou adolescentes que praticam atividade f&#237;sica estejam preocupados com os efeitos da atividade f&#237;sica na sa&#250;de de seus filhos. Por esse motivo, eles consultam os m&#233;dicos para obter mais informa&#231;&#245;es sobre atividade f&#237;sica e DCC. Como resultado, ao questionar as limita&#231;&#245;es da atividade f&#237;sica, pais e crian&#231;as ou adolescentes obt&#234;m mais informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a doen&#231;a e compreendem os efeitos da atividade f&#237;sica na sa&#250;de. Consequentemente, crian&#231;as e adolescentes com mais conhecimento se sentem mais seguros em praticar atividades f&#237;sicas regularmente. Os resultados da associa&#231;&#227;o entre os n&#237;veis de conhecimento e de atividade f&#237;sica s&#227;o parcialmente apoiados por investiga&#231;&#245;es anteriores.12 &#201; evidente que o conhecimento &#233; importante e apoia o processo de tomada de decis&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Modelos de comunica&#231;&#227;o e mudan&#231;as comportamentais sugerem que o conhecimento sobre um comportamento desempenha um papel significativo em convencer as pessoas a mudarem seus h&#225;bitos, e o conhecimento &#233; necess&#225;rio para que as pessoas tomem decis&#245;es sobre a sa&#250;de.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Portanto, pode-se supor que o conhecimento das diretrizes de atividade f&#237;sica possa ser um passo em dire&#231;&#227;o &#224; mudan&#231;a comportamental, com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; ado&#231;&#227;o e/ou manuten&#231;&#227;o de um estilo de vida ativo. Estudos corroboram essa premissa, mostrando que o conhecimento da atividade f&#237;sica relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de est&#225; associado ao aumento da atividade f&#237;sica em crian&#231;as, adolescentes e jovens.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Os resultados do presente estudo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> e de outros realizados anteriormente<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> destacam a import&#226;ncia de programas educacionais para aumentar o conhecimento sobre sa&#250;de. O envio da mensagem de recomenda&#231;&#227;o de atividade f&#237;sica, especialmente entre os jovens, pode aumentar os n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica.</p>
    <p>Entretanto, pesquisas desenvolvidas em uma variedade de pacientes15 sugerem que o fornecimento de conhecimento, materiais e apoio profissional n&#227;o &#233; suficiente para que os pacientes realizem mudan&#231;as em rela&#231;&#227;o a comportamentos saud&#225;veis. Portanto, estrat&#233;gias alternativas devem ser consideradas. Estrat&#233;gias baseadas no automonitoramento de comportamentos, comunica&#231;&#227;o de riscos e uso de apoio social parecem ser as mais eficazes para mudan&#231;as comportamentais.</p>
    <p>As evid&#234;ncias atuais sugerem que as recomenda&#231;&#245;es de atividade f&#237;sica para crian&#231;as com DCC foram amplamente implementadas e foram dados conselhos de m&#233;dicos e profissionais de sa&#250;de sobre os poss&#237;veis benef&#237;cios da atividade f&#237;sica para a sa&#250;de em pessoas com DCC, incluindo crian&#231;as. Al&#233;m disso, e talvez o mais importante, isso tamb&#233;m significa que a mensagem sobre a import&#226;ncia da atividade f&#237;sica3 foi bem aceita. Isso &#233; importante porque, em crian&#231;as com DCC, a atividade f&#237;sica n&#227;o est&#225; relacionada a um risco aumentado de eventos adversos, e restri&#231;&#245;es espec&#237;ficas se aplicam apenas a situa&#231;&#245;es com problemas m&#233;dicos espec&#237;ficos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Para crian&#231;as e adolescentes com DCC, a atividade f&#237;sica &#233; ainda mais importante devido &#224; diminui&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica que geralmente ocorrem devido ao tempo que eles podem precisar permanecer no hospital. A atividade f&#237;sica, principalmente de intensidade moderada a vigorosa, est&#225; independentemente associada a melhor qualidade de vida, melhor condicionamento f&#237;sico e melhor composi&#231;&#227;o corporal em crian&#231;as com DCC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Conhecimento sobre a Doen&#231;a e a Pr&#225;tica de Atividade F&#237;sica em Crian&#231;as e Adolescentes com Cardiopatia Cong&#234;nita</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Physical Activity Knowledge and Levels among Children with Congenital Heart Disease</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9850-7771</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Marques</surname>
            <given-names>Adilson</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gouveia</surname>
            <given-names>Bruna</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Administra&#231;&#227;o da Sa&#250;de, IP-RAM, Ilha da Madeira - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Interactive Technologies Institute, LARSyS, Lisboa &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> Mailing Address: Adilson Marques &#8226; Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Motricidade Humana - Estrada da Costa Cruz Quebrada -- Please Select (only U.S. / Can / Aus) 1499-002 &#8211; Portugal E-mail: amarques@fmh.ulisboa.pt </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart Defects, Congenital</kwd>
        <kwd>Comorbidity</kwd>
        <kwd>Children</kwd>
        <kwd>Adolescents</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise/ Physical Activity</kwd>
        <kwd>Knowledge</kwd>
        <kwd>Physical Conditioning</kwd>
        <kwd>Quality of Life</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The benefits of physical activity are well documented. Among children and adolescents, physical activity improves cardiovascular, bone and metabolic health, fitness levels, weight status, and sleep.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Also, there is evidence of the cognitive, psychological and social benefits of physical activity.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup>The health benefits of physical activity are transversal to all children, including those living with a chronic disease, such as congenital heart disease (CHD), preventing comorbidities, while improving quality of life.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The importance of physical activity for children with CHD has been documented for a long time.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Engagement in physical activity is of high importance for children with CHD because they are at risk of developing other cardiovascular and metabolic diseases,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> increasing signs of depression and anxiety.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> In addition, when present, these health problems can be mitigated by an active lifestyle.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Although the health benefits of physical activity are well recognized, evidence shows that some children with CHD do not practice enough physical activity to achieve the recommended levels,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> and activity declines and sedentary behaviors increase with age in both genders.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Furthermore, levels of physical activity of children with CHD are lower than those in healthy children.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Therefore, it is important to identify the factors associated with lower levels of physical activity.</p>
      <p>Despite the importance of physical activity for the health of children with CHD, physical activity is not considered a target value.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Because most parents put their attention on academic achievement towards a desired career, physical activity seems to be less important. Thus, the available time is used for schoolwork. Additionally, parents think that physical activity is not meaningful in comparison to the broad range of other activities that are available for children with CHD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup>For several parents, physical activity has a limited role in the rehabilitation process, so they tend to overprotect their children against some physical activity practices.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Besides that, it is assumed that children with CHD are responsible for engaging in risk-reducing behaviors, and physical activity is considered a potential risk for some people. These conceptions contribute to the individualist discourses of healthism,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> and children and parents assume that physical activity might be important, but it is not so important since it can jeopardize the academic achievement or the health status. In light of these beliefs, it would be interesting to analyze the knowledge of children with CHD about physical activity.</p>
      <p>Campos et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> performed a study aimed at identifying the levels of knowledge of children and adolescents with CHD about their disease and to analyze the association between the levels of knowledge and the practice of physical activity. It is an interesting study performed in a carefully selected sample of children and adolescents with CHD. Data were self-reported, but for this particular study, self-report was the most appropriate method for assessing the children&#8217;s and the adolescents&#8217; physical activity knowledge and levels. From the results, it was observed that many children and adolescents had difficulties describing their disease. Almost half of the children and adolescents did not know the name of their heart defect, and only 24% correctly located the lesions on a heart diagram. These results should be a matter of concern because, without the correct knowledge of the health problem, many counterproductive actions can be taken. Regarding the physical activity, the most active children and adolescents showed greater knowledge about the disease. The study design did not allow an understanding of the association between knowledge and physical activity practice. Nonetheless, the authors provide some potential and reasonable explanations. Perhaps, the parents of children or adolescents who enjoy physical activity are concerned about the effects of physical activity on their children&#8217;s health. For this reason, they consult doctors for more information about physical activity and CHD. As a result, by questioning the limitations of physical activity, parents and children or adolescents get more information about the disease and understand the health effects of physical activity. Consequently, children and adolescents with more knowledge feel safer to engage in physical activity regularly. The results of the association between knowledge and physical activity levels are partly supported by previous investigations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> It is clear that knowledge is important and supports the decision-making process.</p>
      <p>Models of communication and changing behaviors suggest that knowledge about a behavior plays a significant role in persuading people to change their habits, and knowledge is required for people to make health decisions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Therefore, it can be conjectured that knowledge of physical activity guidelines can be a step towards behavioral change, with respect to adopting and/or maintaining an active lifestyle. Studies have supported this assumption, showing that knowledge of health-related physical activity is linked with increased physical activity among children, adolescents, and young adults.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> The results of the present study,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> and other previously performed studies,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> highlight the importance of educational programs to increase knowledge about health. Providing the physical activity recommendation message, especially among young people, might increase the physical activity levels.</p>
      <p>However, research developed in a variety of patients<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup>suggests that providing knowledge, materials and professional support is not sufficient for patients to accomplish changes regarding healthy behaviors. Therefore, alternative strategies should be considered. Strategies based on self-monitoring of behaviors, risk communication and the use of social support seem to be the most effective for behavioral changes.</p>
      <p>Present evidence suggest that physical activity recommendations for children with CHD have been widely implemented and medical doctors&#8217; and health professionals&#8217; advice have been given regarding the potential health benefits of physical activity for people with CHD, including children. Moreover, and perhaps the most important, this also means that the message of the importance of physical activity<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> has been well accepted. This is important because, among children with CHD, physical activity is not related to an increased risk of adverse events, and particular restrictions only apply to situations with specific medical issues.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>For children and adolescents with CHD, physical activity is even more important due to the decreased levels of physical fitness that often occur because of the time they might have to spend at the hospital. Physical activity, mainly from moderate to vigorous intensity, is independently associated with better quality of life, improved physical fitness, and better body composition in children with CHD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Short editorial related to the article: Knowledge about the Disease and the Practice of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
