<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">tTCDWS9K6YSYHhZjmqP3TGv</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2020000600786</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20180417</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20180417</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Conhecimento sobre a Doen&#231;a e a Pr&#225;tica de Atividade F&#237;sica em Crian&#231;as e Adolescentes com Cardiopatia Cong&#234;nita</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Campos</surname>
            <given-names>Elisandra Furlan de Lima</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Perin</surname>
            <given-names>Lisiane</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Assmann</surname>
            <given-names>Melina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lucchese</surname>
            <given-names>Fernanda</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9092-3882</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pellanda</surname>
            <given-names>Lucia Campos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de: Cardiologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Funda&#231;&#227;o Universit&#225;ria de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de: Cardiologia. Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul &#8211; Funda&#231;&#227;o Universit&#225;ria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Sa&#250;de Coletiva</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de de Porto Alegre</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Sa&#250;de Coletiva &#8211; Universidade Federal de Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Elisandra Furlan de Lima Campos &#8226; Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul / Funda&#231;&#227;o Universit&#225;ria de Cardiologia - Avenida Princesa Isabel, 370 / 3&#186; andar. CEP 90620-000, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil E-mail: <email>elysfurlan013@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Campos E, Pellanda L; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Campos E; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Campos E, Perin L, Assmann M, Lucchese F, Pellanda L; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Campos E, Perin L, Lucchese F, Pellanda L; Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento e revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Pellanda, LC.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesses</p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>786</fpage>
      <lpage>792</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p> O conhecimento sobre a pr&#243;pria doen&#231;a pode ser importante para o autocuidado em pacientes com v&#225;rios problemas e abrange a informa&#231;&#227;o sobre o diagn&#243;stico at&#233; as implica&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas mais importantes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo</title>
          <p> Identificar o n&#237;vel de conhecimento de crian&#231;as e adolescentes com cardiopatia cong&#234;nita (CC) sobre a sua doen&#231;a, e analisar a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o n&#237;vel de conhecimento e a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p> Estudo transversal com 335 pacientes com CC, de 8 a 13 anos, acompanhados em um servi&#231;o de cardiologia pedi&#225;trica de refer&#234;ncia no Sul do Brasil. Os pacientes foram entrevistados em rela&#231;&#227;o ao seu conhecimento sobre a CC e foi realizada revis&#227;o dos prontu&#225;rios para obten&#231;&#227;o de detalhes sobre a cardiopatia e os procedimentos. Foi utilizado o n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia p &lt; 0,05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p> Mais de 50% das crian&#231;as e adolescentes n&#227;o sabiam referir o nome de sua doen&#231;a ou explic&#225;-la. Ap&#243;s OR ajustado (OR<sub>aj</sub>), mostraram potencial para respostas incorretas ou n&#227;o saber sua doen&#231;a os pacientes cian&#243;ticos em rela&#231;&#227;o aos acian&#243;ticos (OR<sub>aj</sub>: 2,29; IC95%: 1,76-6,71; p=0,019); crian&#231;as com menor n&#237;vel de escolaridade (OR<sub>aj</sub>: 2,20; IC95%: 1,81-5,86; p=0,025); e n&#227;o praticantes de atividade f&#237;sica (OR<sub>aj</sub>: 1,88; IC95%: 1,09-3,45; p=0,011).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
          <p> As crian&#231;as e adolescentes cian&#243;ticos, com menor n&#237;vel de escolaridade e que n&#227;o praticavam de atividade f&#237;sica apresentaram pouco conhecimento sobre a sua doen&#231;a. H&#225; necessidade do desenvolvimento de estrat&#233;gias de interven&#231;&#245;es educativas para aumento do conhecimento e mudan&#231;a comportamental na promo&#231;&#227;o da atividade f&#237;sica, de acordo com a complexidade da CC. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(5):786-792)</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nita/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Cianose</kwd>
        <kwd>Crian&#231;a</kwd>
        <kwd>Adolescente</kwd>
        <kwd>Sistema de Informa&#231;&#227;o em Sa&#250;de</kwd>
        <kwd>Atividade F&#237;sica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="4"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="22"/>
        <page-count count="7"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>O conhecimento da pr&#243;pria doen&#231;a &#233; um fator importante para o autocuidado em pacientes com cardiopatia cong&#234;nita (CC)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> e abrange desde a informa&#231;&#227;o sobre o diagn&#243;stico at&#233; as implica&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas mais importantes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A CC &#233; respons&#225;vel por 0.8&#8211;1.2% de todos os defeitos cong&#234;nitos e tem uma preval&#234;ncia de cerca de 5,8 por 1.000 pessoas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> A incid&#234;ncia de CC no Brasil &#233; estimada em torno de 26.000 novos casos por ano.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Para minimizar o risco de complica&#231;&#245;es e para melhorar o estado de sa&#250;de, espera-se que os pacientes adotem certos comportamentos de sa&#250;de, como pr&#225;ticas de atividade f&#237;sica, de alimenta&#231;&#227;o saud&#225;vel e higiene bucal.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> No entanto, a complexidade das cardiopatias e o conceito recorrente sobre a necessidade de restri&#231;&#227;o f&#237;sica geram d&#250;vidas nos respons&#225;veis e nos pr&#243;prios profissionais de sa&#250;de a respeito dos n&#237;veis adequados de atividade f&#237;sica para crian&#231;as e adolescentes com CC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disto, as orienta&#231;&#245;es se modificam ao longo do tempo, ap&#243;s corre&#231;&#227;o da cardiopatia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Assim, muitas vezes a fam&#237;lia ou o pr&#243;prio paciente restringem as atividades f&#237;sicas sem que isso represente uma orienta&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica.</p>
      <p>Poucos estudos foram realizados sobre o conhecimento espec&#237;fico de doen&#231;as como a CC em crian&#231;as, adolescentes ou adultos. Portanto, h&#225; lacunas de informa&#231;&#245;es nas diferentes faixas et&#225;rias e a maioria dos estudos apresenta um pequeno n&#250;mero de pacientes capaz de proporcionar extrapola&#231;&#227;o de resultados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Portanto, identificar os n&#237;veis de conhecimento da crian&#231;a com CC sobre a sua doen&#231;a pode permitir o melhor planejamento de programas de educa&#231;&#227;o em sa&#250;de que contribuam para minimizar as d&#250;vidas em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; pr&#225;tica de AF e melhorar a ades&#227;o ao tratamento. Assim, o prop&#243;sito deste estudo foi identificar o n&#237;vel de conhecimento de crian&#231;as e adolescentes com CC sobre a sua doen&#231;a, e analisar a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o n&#237;vel de conhecimento e a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <p>Trata-se de um estudo transversal que incluiu crian&#231;as e adolescentes com CC e idade entre 8 e 13 anos, em acompanhamento no Ambulat&#243;rio Pedi&#225;trico do Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, realizado no per&#237;odo de fevereiro de 2017 a fevereiro de 2018. O protocolo do estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa da Funda&#231;&#227;o Universit&#225;ria de e todos os participantes e respons&#225;veis assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) e Termo de Assentimento (TA).</p>
      <p>Os pacientes foram inclu&#237;dos de forma consecutiva durante um ano, a partir da lista de consultas agendadas durante o per&#237;odo do estudo. Foram exclu&#237;dos os pacientes portadores de S&#237;ndrome de Down, S&#237;ndrome de Noonan, S&#237;ndrome de Charge, autismo, arritmias e s&#237;ndromes que comprometem o entendimento sobre a sua doen&#231;a. A faixa et&#225;ria dos participantes foi verificada na agenda do ambulat&#243;rio. Ap&#243;s a inclus&#227;o por idade, os respectivos prontu&#225;rios foram analisados para confirma&#231;&#227;o da CC (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; <italic>Fluxograma. CC: cardiopatia cong&#234;nita; DAFA: Dia T&#237;pico de Atividade F&#237;sica e Alimentar.</italic></title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-114-05-0786-80417-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>As entrevistas das crian&#231;as foram realizadas na sala de espera do ambulat&#243;rio, onde foram explicados os objetivos e o protocolo do estudo para o paciente e para seu respons&#225;vel. A coleta de dados foi realizada pelo mesmo entrevistador (EFLC), com vestimenta informal e teve dura&#231;&#227;o entre 6 e 20 minutos.</p>
      <p>Foi elaborado um question&#225;rio semiestruturado, baseado no question&#225;rio <italic>Leuven Knowledge Questionnaire for Congenital Heart Disease</italic> (LKQCHD)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup>sobre o conhecimento em CC. Os dados sociodemogr&#225;ficos e cl&#237;nicos como interna&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;vias, procedimento hemodin&#226;mico e cir&#250;rgico foram extra&#237;dos do prontu&#225;rio do paciente. As informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a idade do diagn&#243;stico da CC foram obtidas diretamente com os pais ou com os devidos respons&#225;veis, de forma que as CCs foram classificadas como les&#245;es m&#237;nimas (LM), acian&#243;ticas sem repercuss&#227;o (ASR), acian&#243;ticas com repercuss&#227;o (ACR) e cian&#243;ticas (CI).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> As crian&#231;as e adolescentes foram convidados a explicar, com suas pr&#243;prias palavras, o que compreendiam sobre a sua doen&#231;a. Foi realizado an&#225;lise de conte&#250;do das respostas explicativas das crian&#231;as e adolescentes quanto ao conhecimento sobre a sua doen&#231;a por dois m&#233;dicos especialistas em cardiologia pedi&#225;trica (M.A. e L.C.P.) e, posteriormente, o n&#237;vel de conhecimento foi classificado em 4 grupos: Correto (C), Parcialmente Correto (P/C), Incorreto (IN) e N&#227;o Sabe (NS).</p>
      <p>Para avalia&#231;&#227;o do n&#237;vel de atividade f&#237;sica foi utilizado parcialmente o instrumento Dia T&#237;pico de Atividade F&#237;sica e Alimentar (DAFA). Utilizou-se a parte da atividade f&#237;sica que ilustra 11 tipos de atividades f&#237;sicas em tr&#234;s intensidades distintas. O n&#237;vel geral de atividade f&#237;sica foi determinado ao somar os escores das atividades que a avaliados referiam realizar na maioria dos dias da semana. Atribuiu-se tr&#234;s pesos distintos como forma de ponderar as atividades assinaladas por eles: peso um para atividades de intensidade leve, peso tr&#234;s para atividades de intensidade moderada e peso nove para atividades de intensidade vigorosa. O escore pode alcan&#231;ar at&#233; 143 pontos, indicando as crian&#231;as menos ativas, intermedi&#225;rias ou mais ativas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Tomando-se como base as separatrizes dos quartis [mediana de 25,0 (1&#186; - 3&#186; quartil: 16,0 &#8211; 36,0)] as pontua&#231;&#245;es do DAFA foram classificadas em tr&#234;s categorias: pontua&#231;&#245;es extremamente baixas DAFA &#8804; 16,0, pontua&#231;&#245;es intermedi&#225;rias em torno da mediana 16,0 &lt; DAFA &#8804; 36,0 e pontua&#231;&#245;es extremamente elevadas DAFA &gt; 36,0.</p>
      <p>O c&#225;lculo amostral foi realizado no programa WinPepi&#174; vers&#227;o 11.19<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup>. Foi considerada a propor&#231;&#227;o de 50% de crian&#231;as com algum tipo de conhecimento sobre a sua doen&#231;a, com poder estat&#237;stico de 90% e margem de erro 5%. Assim, a amostra foi estimada em 325 pacientes. No desenvolvimento do estudo, ap&#243;s a inclus&#227;o de 335 pacientes, identificou-se que os pacientes agendados j&#225; haviam sido avaliados e n&#227;o havia novas inclus&#245;es no ambulat&#243;rio.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram descritas sob a forma de n&#250;meros absolutos e percentagens, e as cont&#237;nuas, sob a forma de m&#233;dias e desvios padr&#227;o. Na distribui&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foi empregado o teste de Kolmogorov Smirnov, onde p&gt;0,05 foi indicativo de dados sim&#233;tricos.</p>
        <p>Para identificar os fatores relacionados &#224; preval&#234;ncia do conhecimento IN/NS empregou-se uma an&#225;lise bivariada pelo teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson complementado pela medida de efeito Odds Ratio (OR) bruto.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Para verificar a exist&#234;ncia de diferen&#231;as entre o conhecimento sobre CC nos diferentes n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica, realizou-se o teste An&#225;lise de vari&#226;ncia oneway com teste post hoc Sheff&#233;.</p>
        <p>Para avaliar a influ&#234;ncia das vari&#225;veis estudadas sobre o n&#237;vel de conhecimento IN/NS foi utilizado o modelo de regress&#227;o de Poisson. Na composi&#231;&#227;o do modelo consideraram-se as vari&#225;veis que obtiveram signific&#226;ncia &#8804; 0,200 na an&#225;lise bivariada n&#227;o ajustada. Na an&#225;lise ajustada foi utilizado o m&#233;todo Stepwise com elimina&#231;&#227;o retr&#243;grada (backward). Permaneceram no modelo final apenas as vari&#225;veis associadas a um valor de p&lt;0,05.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> Para crit&#233;rios de decis&#227;o estat&#237;stica adotou-se o n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 5%. Os testes foram realizados com o software <italic>Statistical Package for Social Sciences</italic> 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA, 2011) para Windows.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>Os resultados apresentados referem-se a uma amostra de 335 crian&#231;as com CC divididos em tr&#234;s grupos independentes, segundo o n&#237;vel de conhecimento sobre a doen&#231;a. A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> apresenta a caracteriza&#231;&#227;o geral da amostra segundo a classifica&#231;&#227;o para o conhecimento sobre a CC. Houve predom&#237;nio do sexo masculino (51,9%); idade 10 anos (21,2%), m&#233;dia de idade 10,5&#177;1,68 anos; escolaridade entre 4&#186; e 5&#186; ano (40,6%); acian&#243;ticos com repercuss&#227;o (55,5%); crian&#231;as que foram internadas (67,2%); crian&#231;as n&#227;o tratadas com procedimento cir&#250;rgico (60%) e crian&#231;as praticantes de AF (90,1%). O instrumento DAFA apresentou pontua&#231;&#245;es variando de 2,0 a 92,0 pontos, com m&#233;dia de 27,6 &#177; 14,2, mediana de 25,0 (1&#186; - 3&#186; quartil: 16,0 &#8211; 36,0) pontos. Considerando o n&#237;vel de AF apontado pelo instrumento, verificou-se atrav&#233;s dos quartis que os casos pouco ativos apresentaram pontua&#231;&#245;es DAFA &#8804; 16,0 pontos, enquanto os muitos ativos apresentaram pontua&#231;&#245;es &#8805; 36,0 pontos.</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Caracteriza&#231;&#227;o geral da amostra segundo a classifica&#231;&#227;o para o conhecimento</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="10%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="3">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">Total<sup><bold>A</bold></sup> (n=335)</th>
                <th colspan="7">Conhecimento sobre cardiopatia cong&#234;nita<sup><bold>B</bold></sup></th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th colspan="2">Correta/Parcial (n=148)</th>
                <th colspan="2">Incorreta (n=62)</th>
                <th colspan="2">N&#227;o sabe (n=125)</th>
                <th rowspan="2">p*</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th>n</th>
                <th>%</th>
                <th>n</th>
                <th>%</th>
                <th>n</th>
                <th>%</th>
                <th>n</th>
                <th>%</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Sexo</bold>
                </td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,367*</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">174</td>
                <td align="center">51,9</td>
                <td align="center">77</td>
                <td align="center">47,8</td>
                <td align="center">26</td>
                <td align="center">16,1</td>
                <td align="center">58</td>
                <td align="center">36,0</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">161</td>
                <td align="center">48,1</td>
                <td align="center">71</td>
                <td align="center">40,8</td>
                <td align="center">36</td>
                <td align="center">20,7</td>
                <td align="center">67</td>
                <td align="center">38,5</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Idade</bold>
                </td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,033*</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>8</td>
                <td align="center">48</td>
                <td align="center">14,3</td>
                <td align="center">12</td>
                <td align="center">25,0</td>
                <td align="center">11</td>
                <td align="center">22,9</td>
                <td align="center">25</td>
                <td align="center">52,1</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>9</td>
                <td align="center">60</td>
                <td align="center">17,9</td>
                <td align="center">27</td>
                <td align="center">45,0</td>
                <td align="center">9</td>
                <td align="center">15,0</td>
                <td align="center">24</td>
                <td align="center">40,0</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>10</td>
                <td align="center">71</td>
                <td align="center">21,2</td>
                <td align="center">39</td>
                <td align="center">54,9</td>
                <td align="center">10</td>
                <td align="center">14,1</td>
                <td align="center">22</td>
                <td align="center">31,0</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>11</td>
                <td align="center">48</td>
                <td align="center">14,3</td>
                <td align="center">20</td>
                <td align="center">41,7</td>
                <td align="center">06</td>
                <td align="center">12,5</td>
                <td align="center">22</td>
                <td align="center">45,8</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>12</td>
                <td align="center">50</td>
                <td align="center">14,9</td>
                <td align="center">22</td>
                <td align="center">44,0</td>
                <td align="center">09</td>
                <td align="center">18,0</td>
                <td align="center">19</td>
                <td align="center">38,0</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>13</td>
                <td align="center">58</td>
                <td align="center">17,3</td>
                <td align="center">28</td>
                <td align="center">48,3</td>
                <td align="center">17</td>
                <td align="center">29,3</td>
                <td align="center">13</td>
                <td align="center">22,4</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Escolaridade (ano)</bold>
                </td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,009*</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Pr&#233;-escola, 1&#186;, 2&#186;, 3&#186;</td>
                <td align="center">89</td>
                <td align="center">26,6</td>
                <td align="center">27</td>
                <td align="center">30,3</td>
                <td align="center">17</td>
                <td align="center">19,1</td>
                <td align="center">45</td>
                <td align="center">50,6</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>4&#186;, 5&#186;</td>
                <td align="center">136</td>
                <td align="center">40,6</td>
                <td align="center">63</td>
                <td align="center">46,3</td>
                <td align="center">23</td>
                <td align="center">16,9</td>
                <td align="center">50</td>
                <td align="center">36,8</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>6&#186;</td>
                <td align="center">43</td>
                <td align="center">12,8</td>
                <td align="center">22</td>
                <td align="center">51,2</td>
                <td align="center">8</td>
                <td align="center">18,6</td>
                <td align="center">13</td>
                <td align="center">30,2</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>7&#186;</td>
                <td align="center">48</td>
                <td align="center">14,3</td>
                <td align="center">29</td>
                <td align="center">60,4</td>
                <td align="center">8</td>
                <td align="center">16,7</td>
                <td align="center">11</td>
                <td align="center">22,9</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>8&#186;</td>
                <td align="center">19</td>
                <td align="center">5,7</td>
                <td align="center">7</td>
                <td align="center">36,8</td>
                <td align="center">6</td>
                <td align="center">31,6</td>
                <td align="center">6</td>
                <td align="center">31,6</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Classifica&#231;&#227;o da CC</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001*</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>LM/ASR</td>
                <td align="center">81</td>
                <td align="center">24,2</td>
                <td align="center">37</td>
                <td align="center">45,7</td>
                <td align="center">11</td>
                <td align="center">13,6</td>
                <td align="center">33</td>
                <td align="center">40,7</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>ACR</td>
                <td align="center">186</td>
                <td align="center">55,5</td>
                <td align="center">97</td>
                <td align="center">52,2</td>
                <td align="center">27</td>
                <td align="center">14,5</td>
                <td align="center">62</td>
                <td align="center">33,3</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>CI</td>
                <td align="center">68</td>
                <td align="center">22,7</td>
                <td align="center">14</td>
                <td align="center">20,6</td>
                <td align="center">24</td>
                <td align="center">35,3</td>
                <td align="center">30</td>
                <td align="center">44,1</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Interna&#231;&#227;o</bold>
                </td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,044*</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">225</td>
                <td align="center">67,2</td>
                <td align="center">110</td>
                <td align="center">48,9</td>
                <td align="center">39</td>
                <td align="center">17,3</td>
                <td align="center">76</td>
                <td align="center">33,8</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">110</td>
                <td align="center">32,8</td>
                <td align="center">38</td>
                <td align="center">34,5</td>
                <td align="center">23</td>
                <td align="center">20,9</td>
                <td align="center">49</td>
                <td align="center">44,5</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Procedimento cir&#250;rgico</bold>
                </td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,015*</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">134</td>
                <td align="center">40</td>
                <td align="center">48</td>
                <td align="center">35,8</td>
                <td align="center">24</td>
                <td align="center">17,9</td>
                <td align="center">62</td>
                <td align="center">46,3</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">201</td>
                <td align="center">60</td>
                <td align="center">100</td>
                <td align="center">49,8</td>
                <td align="center">38</td>
                <td align="center">18,9</td>
                <td align="center">63</td>
                <td align="center">31,3</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica</bold>
                </td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,015*</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">302</td>
                <td align="center">90,1</td>
                <td align="center">141</td>
                <td align="center">46,7</td>
                <td align="center">53</td>
                <td align="center">17,2</td>
                <td align="center">109</td>
                <td align="center">36,1</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">33</td>
                <td align="center">9,9</td>
                <td align="center">7</td>
                <td align="center">21,2</td>
                <td align="center">10</td>
                <td align="center">30,3</td>
                <td align="center">16</td>
                <td align="center">48,5</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>DAFA [M&#233;dia&#177;dp]</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">27,6&#177;14,2</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">28,9&#177;13,8</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">26,1&#177;12,8</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">27,6&#177;14,2</td>
                <td align="center">0,285<sup>&#165;</sup></td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>
                <italic>A: Percentuais obtidos sobre o total da amostra; B: Percentuais obtidos com base em cada categoria de respostas; *Teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson; **Classifica&#231;&#227;o das cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas (CC): Les&#245;es m&#237;nimas (LM); Acian&#243;ticos sem repercuss&#227;o (ASR); Acian&#243;ticos com repercuss&#227;o (cirurgia/hemodin&#226;mica) (ACR); Cian&#243;ticos (CI); &#165;: An&#225;lise de vari&#226;ncia (One way) &#8211; Post hoc Sheff&#232;.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>No que se refere &#224; compara&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis do perfil das crian&#231;as em rela&#231;&#227;o ao n&#237;vel de conhecimento sobre CC, houve diferen&#231;a significativa <bold>e</bold>ntre as faixas de idade (p=0,033), escolaridade (p=0,009), classifica&#231;&#227;o da CC (p&lt;0,001), interna&#231;&#227;o (p= 0,044), procedimento cir&#250;rgico (p= 0,015) e pr&#225;tica de AF (p= 0,015). N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a significativa (p=0,285) entre n&#237;vel de AF avaliado pelo DAFA com conhecimento sobre CC.</p>
      <p>De acordo com a <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>, no que se refere ao OR ajustado, os maiores efeitos univariados indicaram que os pacientes com menor n&#237;vel de escolaridade (pr&#233;-escola, 1&#186;, 2&#186; e 3&#186; ano) apresentaram 2,20 (IC95%: 1,81-5,86) vezes mais chance de responder de forma incorreta ou n&#227;o sabiam responder quando comparados aos pacientes com maior n&#237;vel de escolaridade, 8&#186; ano (p=0,025). Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; classifica&#231;&#227;o da CC, os pacientes cian&#243;ticos apresentaram 2,29 (IC95%: 1,76-6,71) vezes mais chance de responder de forma incorreta ou n&#227;o sabiam responder quando comparados aos pacientes acian&#243;ticos com repercuss&#227;o (p=0,019). Quanto &#224; pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica, os pacientes que n&#227;o praticavam apresentaram 1,88 (IC95%: 1,09 3,34) vezes mais chance de responder incorreta ou n&#227;o sabiam responder quando comparados aos pacientes que praticavam (p=0,011).</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Preval&#234;ncia para o conhecimento Incorreto/N&#227;o sabe, an&#225;lise bruta e ajustada sobre as vari&#225;veis dependentes representativas no estudo</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="14%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th colspan="2">Conhecimento Incorreto/N&#227;o sabe<sup><bold>C</bold></sup> (n=187)</th>
                <th colspan="2">
                  <italic>Odds ratio</italic>
                  <sup>
                    <bold>C</bold>
                  </sup>
                </th>
                <th colspan="2">
                  <italic>Odds ratio</italic>
                  <sub>
                    <bold>aj</bold>
                  </sub>
                  <sup>
                    <bold>D</bold>
                  </sup>
                </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th>n</th>
                <th>%</th>
                <th>OR (IC95%)</th>
                <th>p</th>
                <th>OR<sub><bold>aj</bold></sub> (IC95%)</th>
                <th>p*</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Idade</bold>
                </td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="7">0,418</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="7">0,068</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>8</td>
                <td align="center">36</td>
                <td align="center">19,3</td>
                <td align="center">2,71(1,18 &#8211; 6,21)</td>
                <td align="center">2,84 (1,44-8,56)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>9</td>
                <td align="center">33</td>
                <td align="center">17,6</td>
                <td align="center">1,10 (0,54 &#8211;2,27)</td>
                <td align="center">1,22 (1,09-2,88)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>10</td>
                <td align="center">32</td>
                <td align="center">17,1</td>
                <td align="center">0,74 (0,37 &#8211;1,48)</td>
                <td align="center">0,98 (0,55-1,66)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>11</td>
                <td align="center">28</td>
                <td align="center">15,0</td>
                <td align="center">1,26 (0,59 &#8211;2,73)</td>
                <td align="center">1,17 (0,89-2,67)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>12</td>
                <td align="center">28</td>
                <td align="center">15,0</td>
                <td align="center">1,11 (0,52 &#8211;2,37)</td>
                <td align="center">1,09 (0,66-1,99)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>13</td>
                <td align="center">30</td>
                <td align="center">16,0</td>
                <td align="center">1,0</td>
                <td align="center">1,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Escolaridade (ano)</bold>
                </td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="6">0,589</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="6">0,025</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Pr&#233;-escola, 1&#186;, 2&#186;, 3&#186;</td>
                <td align="center">62</td>
                <td align="center">33,2</td>
                <td align="center">1,34 (0,48 &#8211; 3,77)</td>
                <td align="center">2,20 (1,81 &#8211; 5,86)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>4&#186;, 5&#186;</td>
                <td align="center">73</td>
                <td align="center">39,0</td>
                <td align="center">0,78 (0,25 &#8211;1,82)</td>
                <td align="center">2,19 (1,60 &#8211; 6,21)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>6&#186;</td>
                <td align="center">21</td>
                <td align="center">11,2</td>
                <td align="center">0,56 (0,18 &#8211;1,69)</td>
                <td align="center">1,69 (1,19 &#8211; 2,49)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>7&#186;</td>
                <td align="center">19</td>
                <td align="center">10,2</td>
                <td align="center">0,38 (0,13 &#8211;1,14)</td>
                <td align="center">0,46 (0,14 &#8211; 1,55)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>8&#186;</td>
                <td align="center">12</td>
                <td align="center">6,4</td>
                <td align="center">1,0</td>
                <td align="center">1,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o da CC</bold>
                </td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,026</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>LM/ASR</td>
                <td align="center">44</td>
                <td align="center">23,5</td>
                <td align="center">1,0</td>
                <td align="center">1,0</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3">0,019</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>ACR</td>
                <td align="center">89</td>
                <td align="center">47,6</td>
                <td align="center">0,77 (0,46 &#8211; 1,30)</td>
                <td align="center">0,63 (0,31- 1,27)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>CI</td>
                <td align="center">54</td>
                <td align="center">28,9</td>
                <td align="center">3,24 (1,56 &#8211; 6,75)</td>
                <td align="center">2,29 (1,76 - 6,71)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Crian&#231;as que foram internadas</bold>
                </td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3">0,182</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3">0,287</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">115</td>
                <td align="center">61,5</td>
                <td align="center">1,15 (0,92-1,49)</td>
                <td align="center">1,09 (0,64-1,36)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">72</td>
                <td align="center">38,5</td>
                <td align="center">1,0</td>
                <td align="center">1,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Crian&#231;as tratadas com procedimento cir&#250;rgico</bold>
                </td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3">0,013</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3">0,355</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">86</td>
                <td align="center">46,0</td>
                <td align="center">1,0</td>
                <td align="center">1,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">101</td>
                <td align="center">54,0</td>
                <td align="center">1,77 (1,13-2,78)</td>
                <td align="center">1,22 (0,85 &#8211; 1,87)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Praticantes de atividade f&#237;sica</bold>
                </td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3">0,009</td>
                <td>
								</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3">0,011</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">162</td>
                <td align="center">86,6</td>
                <td align="center">1,0</td>
                <td align="center">1,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">26</td>
                <td align="center">13,9</td>
                <td align="center">2,20 (1,13-4,29)</td>
                <td align="center">1,88 (1,09 &#8211; 3,45)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <p>
                <italic>C: Odds ratio bruto para estimar o risco do conhecimento Incorreto/N&#227;o sabe em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s categorias agrupadas conhecimento Incorreto/N&#227;o sabe; D: Odds ratio ajustado para estimar o risco do conhecimento Incorreto/N&#227;o sabe, em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s categorias agrupadas conhecimento Incorreto/N&#227;o sabe ajustado para &#224;s vari&#225;veis presentes no modelo. Classifica&#231;&#227;o das CC: Les&#245;es m&#237;nimas (LM); Acian&#243;ticos sem repercuss&#227;o (ASR); Acian&#243;ticos com repercuss&#227;o (cirurgia/hemodin&#226;mica) (ACR); Cian&#243;ticos (CI); *Teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>O presente estudo destaca que a maioria das crian&#231;as e adolescentes com CC que participaram das entrevistas n&#227;o souberam dizer o nome da sua doen&#231;a e tampouco explic&#225;-la com suas pr&#243;prias palavras. Poucos estudos t&#234;m avaliado o n&#237;vel de conhecimento com a classifica&#231;&#227;o da cardiopatia ou pr&#225;tica de AF. Os estudos dispon&#237;veis na literatura cient&#237;fica s&#227;o de dif&#237;cil padroniza&#231;&#227;o por diversas quest&#245;es metodol&#243;gicas, incluindo a aus&#234;ncia de question&#225;rio validado para crian&#231;as.</p>
      <p>Em um estudo descritivo, a maioria dos adolescentes (54%) n&#227;o sabiam o nome do seu defeito card&#237;aco em compara&#231;&#227;o com a maioria dos seus pais (78%), que por sua vez sabiam corretamente o nome do defeito card&#237;aco do seu filho. Entretanto, apenas 24% dos adolescentes e 30% dos pais conseguiram localizar corretamente as les&#245;es defeituosas em um diagrama do cora&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Um estudo verificou que pacientes com CC leve tiveram mais respostas incorretas em um question&#225;rio de conhecimento sobre a sua doen&#231;a, em compara&#231;&#227;o aos pacientes com CC moderada (p&lt;0,001).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Este achado difere ao encontrado no presente estudo, onde as crian&#231;as cian&#243;ticas responderam de forma incorreta em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;quelas com les&#245;es m&#237;nimas.</p>
      <p>Uma poss&#237;vel explica&#231;&#227;o para isso &#233; que os pacientes que pertenceram ao grupo de doen&#231;a com malforma&#231;&#227;o menos complexa e com m&#237;nima repercuss&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica, entenderiam e explicariam de forma mais f&#225;cil a sua doen&#231;a em compara&#231;&#227;o aos pacientes com doen&#231;as cian&#243;ticas cujas explica&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o mais complexas. Por sua vez, tipos espec&#237;ficos de CC t&#234;m sido associados a diferen&#231;as significativas no Quoficiente Intelectual (QI) m&#233;dio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> Crian&#231;as com les&#245;es cian&#243;ticas tendem a ter QIs m&#233;dios mais baixos do que crian&#231;as com CC acian&#243;tica,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> o que n&#227;o foi avaliado nesse estudo.</p>
      <p>Ap&#243;s a implementa&#231;&#227;o de um programa estruturado de educa&#231;&#227;o para adolescentes e adultos com CC, um estudo apontou que um escore total m&#233;dio de conhecimento no grupo que recebeu interven&#231;&#227;o educativa (57%) foi significativamente maior em rela&#231;&#227;o ao grupo controle (43%) (p &lt;0,001). No entanto, apenas 24 pacientes (11%) no grupo interven&#231;&#227;o atingiram o objetivo proposto pelo programa educativo. Ap&#243;s o ajuste para a idade do paciente, n&#237;vel de escolaridade e complexidade da doen&#231;a, a an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o linear multivariada mostrou que a oferta de educa&#231;&#227;o estruturada de CC foi um determinante independente de n&#237;veis mais elevados de conhecimento (p&lt;0,001). Desta forma, adolescentes e adultos com maior n&#237;vel de escolaridade e maior complexidade da doen&#231;a foram significativamente correlacionados com maior conhecimento sobre a sua doen&#231;a (p&lt;0,001).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A pr&#225;tica de AF esteve associada ao maior conhecimento e, isto pode ter ocorrido em fun&#231;&#227;o das crian&#231;as gostarem de praticar AF e/ou os pais preocuparem-se e questionarem sobre os limites da AF &#224; equipe m&#233;dica. Al&#233;m disso, as crian&#231;as tamb&#233;m poderiam ter recebido mais informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a condi&#231;&#227;o do seu problema card&#237;aco. Outra interpreta&#231;&#227;o alternativa foi que as crian&#231;as com maior conhecimento se sentiram mais seguras para praticar atividade f&#237;sica.</p>
      <p>Nas Recomenda&#231;&#245;es da Sociedade Europeia para crian&#231;as com CC, h&#225; previs&#227;o do encorajamento do paciente para a pr&#225;tica de AF e descrevendo as indica&#231;&#245;es e suas intensidades para cada tipo de les&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Da mesma forma, uma pesquisa relata a capacidade do paciente localizar o defeito card&#237;aco em um diagrama e o conhecimento sobre restri&#231;&#245;es f&#237;sicas foi fortemente correlacionada com o conhecimento sobre esportes, sendo que em ambos foram maiores nos pacientes do sexo masculino.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Em contrapartida, outro estudo mostrou que 38% dos adolescentes e 52% dos pais sabiam sobre a CC e da libera&#231;&#227;o para participa&#231;&#227;o de esportes competitivos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
      <p>N&#237;veis mais baixos de exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico t&#234;m sido associados com um aumento da incid&#234;ncia de incapacidades e doen&#231;as incluindo hipertens&#227;o, obesidade e diabetes. Ao passo que, altos n&#237;veis de exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico est&#227;o associados com maior aptid&#227;o musculoesquel&#233;tica e menor risco de incapacidade f&#237;sica e desenvolvimento de doen&#231;a.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> No entanto, no caso das cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas, &#233; importante considerar que h&#225; muita variabilidade no n&#237;vel permitido de acordo com a doen&#231;a, o tipo de corre&#231;&#227;o e a presen&#231;a de sequelas. A intera&#231;&#227;o entre CC e fatores de risco cardiovascular adquiridos pode apresentar efeitos somat&#243;rios para o futuro. H&#225; ind&#237;cios que comorbidades adquiridas sejam provavelmente prejudiciais. &#201; importante destacar que a modifica&#231;&#227;o do conhecimento, comportamento e do estilo de vida bem como o tratamento correto deve come&#231;ar de forma precoce com foco de aten&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular cont&#237;nua.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O estudo teve como limita&#231;&#227;o o poss&#237;vel vi&#233;s de mem&#243;ria, que pode ter afetado a acur&#225;cia das respostas.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>As crian&#231;as e adolescentes cian&#243;ticos, com menor n&#237;vel de escolaridade e que n&#227;o praticavam atividade f&#237;sica apresentaram pouco conhecimento sobre a sua doen&#231;a. H&#225; necessidade do desenvolvimento de estrat&#233;gias de interven&#231;&#245;es educativas para aumento do conhecimento e mudan&#231;a comportamental na promo&#231;&#227;o da atividade f&#237;sica, de acordo com a complexidade da CC.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. H&#228;rm T. Patient education in Estonia. Patient Educ Couns. 2001;44(1):75-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>H&#228;rm</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Patient education in Estonia</article-title>
          <source>Patient Educ Couns</source>
          <year>2001</year>
          <volume>44</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>75</fpage>
          <lpage>78</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2. Damas BGB, Ramos CA, Rezende MA. Need of information for parents with children sufferingfrom congenital heart defect. Rev Bras Crescimento Hum. 2009;19(1):103-13.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Damas</surname>
              <given-names>BGB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ramos</surname>
              <given-names>CA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rezende</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Need of information for parents with children sufferingfrom congenital heart defect</article-title>
          <source>Rev Bras Crescimento Hum</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>19</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>103</fpage>
          <lpage>113</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3. Lara DA, Lopez KN. Public health research in congenital heart disease. Congenit Heart Dis. 2014;9(6):549-58.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lara</surname>
              <given-names>DA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lopez</surname>
              <given-names>KN</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Public health research in congenital heart disease</article-title>
          <source>Congenit Heart Dis</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>9</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>549</fpage>
          <lpage>558</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4. Pinto J&#250;nior VC, Branco KM, Cavalcante RC, Carvalho Junior W, Lima JR, Freitas SM, et al. Epidemiology of congenital heart disease in Brazil. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc. 2015;30(2):219-24.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Pinto</surname>
              <given-names>VC</given-names>
              <suffix>J&#250;nior</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Branco</surname>
              <given-names>KM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cavalcante</surname>
              <given-names>RC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Carvalho</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
              <suffix>Junior</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lima</surname>
              <given-names>JR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Freitas</surname>
              <given-names>SM</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Epidemiology of congenital heart disease in Brazil</article-title>
          <source>Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>30</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>219</fpage>
          <lpage>224</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5. Moons P, De Volder E, Budts W, De Geest S, Elen J, Waeytens K, et al. What do adult patients with congenital heart disease know about their disease, treatment, and prevention of complications? A call for structured patient education. Heart. 2001;86(1):74-80.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Moons</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>De Volder</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Budts</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>De Geest</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Elen</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Waeytens</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>What do adult patients with congenital heart disease know about their disease, treatment, and prevention of complications? A call for structured patient education</article-title>
          <source>Heart</source>
          <year>2001</year>
          <volume>86</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>74</fpage>
          <lpage>80</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>6. Takken T, Giardini A, Reybrouck T, Gewillig M, H&#246;vels-G&#252;rich HH, Longmuir PE, et al. Recommendations for physical activity, recreation sport, and exercise training in paediatric patients with congenital heart disease: a report from the Exercise, Basic &amp; Translational Research Section of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, the European Congenital Heart and Lung Exercise Group, and the Association for European Paediatric Cardiology. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2012;19(5):1034-65.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Takken</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Giardini</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Reybrouck</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gewillig</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>H&#246;vels-G&#252;rich</surname>
              <given-names>HH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Longmuir</surname>
              <given-names>PE</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Recommendations for physical activity, recreation sport, and exercise training in paediatric patients with congenital heart disease: a report from the Exercise, Basic &amp; Translational Research Section of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, the European Congenital Heart and Lung Exercise Group, and the Association for European Paediatric Cardiology</article-title>
          <source>Eur J Prev Cardiol</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>19</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>1034</fpage>
          <lpage>1065</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>7. Barbiero SM, D&#8217;Azevedo Sica C, Schuh DS, Cesa CC, de Oliveira Petkowicz R, Pellanda LC. Overweight and obesity in children with congenital heart disease: combination of risks for the future? BMC Pediatr. 2014 Oct 16;14:271.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Barbiero</surname>
              <given-names>SM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>D&#8217;Azevedo Sica</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schuh</surname>
              <given-names>DS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cesa</surname>
              <given-names>CC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira Petkowicz</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pellanda</surname>
              <given-names>LC</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Overweight and obesity in children with congenital heart disease: combination of risks for the future?</article-title>
          <source>BMC Pediatr</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <month>10</month>
          <day>16</day>
          <volume>14</volume>
          <size units="pages">271</size>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>8. Veldtman GR, Matley SL, Kendall L, Quirk J, Gibbs JL, Parsons JM, et al. Illness understanding in children and adolescents with heart disease. Heart. 2000;84(4):395-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Veldtman</surname>
              <given-names>GR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Matley</surname>
              <given-names>SL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kendall</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Quirk</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gibbs</surname>
              <given-names>JL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Parsons</surname>
              <given-names>JM</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Illness understanding in children and adolescents with heart disease</article-title>
          <source>Heart</source>
          <year>2000</year>
          <volume>84</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>395</fpage>
          <lpage>397</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>9. Van Deyk K, Pelgrims E, Troost E, Goossens E, Budts W, Gewillig M, et al. Adolescents&#8217; understanding of their congenital heart disease on transfer to adult-focused care. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106(12):1803-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Van Deyk</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pelgrims</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Troost</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Goossens</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Budts</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gewillig</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Adolescents&#8217; understanding of their congenital heart disease on transfer to adult-focused care</article-title>
          <source>Am J Cardiol</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>106</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>1803</fpage>
          <lpage>1807</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>10. Van der Linde D, Konings EE, Slager MA, Witsenburg M, Helbing WA, Takkenberg JJ, et al. Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58(21):2241-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Van der Linde</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Konings</surname>
              <given-names>EE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Slager</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Witsenburg</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Helbing</surname>
              <given-names>WA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Takkenberg</surname>
              <given-names>JJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>58</volume>
          <issue>21</issue>
          <fpage>2241</fpage>
          <lpage>2247</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation>11. Lesch W, Specht K, Lux A, Frey M, Utens E, Bauer U. Disease-specific knowledge and information preferences of young patients with congenital heart disease. Cardiol Young. 2014;24(2):321-30.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lesch</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Specht</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lux</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Frey</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Utens</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bauer</surname>
              <given-names>U</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Disease-specific knowledge and information preferences of young patients with congenital heart disease</article-title>
          <source>Cardiol Young</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>24</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>321</fpage>
          <lpage>330</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation>12. Barros MV, Assis MAA, Pires MC, Grossemann S, Vasconcelos FAG, Luna MEP, et al. Validity of physical activity and food consumption questionnaire for children aged seven to ten years old. Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant. 2007;7(4):437-48.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Barros</surname>
              <given-names>MV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Assis</surname>
              <given-names>MAA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pires</surname>
              <given-names>MC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Grossemann</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Vasconcelos</surname>
              <given-names>FAG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Luna</surname>
              <given-names>MEP</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Validity of physical activity and food consumption questionnaire for children aged seven to ten years old</article-title>
          <source>Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant</source>
          <year>2007</year>
          <volume>7</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>437</fpage>
          <lpage>448</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation>13. da Costa FF, de Assis MAA. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour of schoolchildren aged 7 to 10 in Florian&#243;polis-SC. Rev. Bras. Ci&#234;nc. Esporte. 2011;16(1):48-54.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Costa</surname>
              <given-names>FF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Assis</surname>
              <given-names>MAA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Physical activity and sedentary behaviour of schoolchildren aged 7 to 10 in Florian&#243;polis-SC</article-title>
          <source>Rev. Bras. Ci&#234;nc. Esporte</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>16</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>48</fpage>
          <lpage>54</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation>14. Abramson JH. WINPEPI updated: computer programs for epidemiologists, and their teaching potential. Epidemiol Perspect Innov. 2011 Feb 2;8(1):1.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Abramson</surname>
              <given-names>JH</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>WINPEPI updated: computer programs for epidemiologists, and their teaching potential</article-title>
          <source>Epidemiol Perspect Innov</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <month>02</month>
          <day>2</day>
          <volume>8</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <size units="pages">1</size>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation>15. Seedat S, Scott KM, Angermeyer MC, Berglund P, Bromet EJ, Brugha TS, et al. Cross-national associations between gender and mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66(7):785-95.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Seedat</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Scott</surname>
              <given-names>KM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Angermeyer</surname>
              <given-names>MC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Berglund</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bromet</surname>
              <given-names>EJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brugha</surname>
              <given-names>TS</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Cross-national associations between gender and mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys</article-title>
          <source>Arch Gen Psychiatry</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>66</volume>
          <issue>7</issue>
          <fpage>785</fpage>
          <lpage>795</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation>16. Behrens T, Taeger D, Wellmann J, Keil U. Different methods to calculate effect estimates in cross-sectional studies. A comparison between prevalence odds ratio and prevalence ratio. Methods Inf Med. 2004;43(5):505-9.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Behrens</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Taeger</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wellmann</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Keil</surname>
              <given-names>U</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Different methods to calculate effect estimates in cross-sectional studies. A comparison between prevalence odds ratio and prevalence ratio</article-title>
          <source>Methods Inf Med</source>
          <year>2004</year>
          <volume>43</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>505</fpage>
          <lpage>509</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation>17. Ahn J-A, Lee S, Choi JY. Comparison of coping strategy and disease knowledge in dyads of parents and their adolescent with congenital heart disease. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2014;29(6):508-16.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Ahn</surname>
              <given-names>J-A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lee</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Choi</surname>
              <given-names>JY</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Comparison of coping strategy and disease knowledge in dyads of parents and their adolescent with congenital heart disease</article-title>
          <source>J Cardiovasc Nurs</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>29</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>508</fpage>
          <lpage>516</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation>18. Nattel SN, Adrianzen L, Kessler EC, Andelfinger G, Dehaes M, C&#244;t&#233;-Corriveau G, et al. Congenital heart disease and neurodevelopment: clinical manifestations, genetics, mechanisms, and implications. Can J Cardiol. 2017;33(12):1543-55.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Nattel</surname>
              <given-names>SN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Adrianzen</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kessler</surname>
              <given-names>EC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Andelfinger</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dehaes</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>C&#244;t&#233;-Corriveau</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Congenital heart disease and neurodevelopment: clinical manifestations, genetics, mechanisms, and implications</article-title>
          <source>Can J Cardiol</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>33</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>1543</fpage>
          <lpage>1555</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation>19. Wray J, Sensky T. Congenital heart disease and cardiac surgery in childhood: effects on cognitive function and academic ability. Heart. 2001;85(6):687-91.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Wray</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sensky</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Congenital heart disease and cardiac surgery in childhood: effects on cognitive function and academic ability</article-title>
          <source>Heart</source>
          <year>2001</year>
          <volume>85</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>687</fpage>
          <lpage>691</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B20">
        <label>20</label>
        <mixed-citation>20. Goossens E, Fieuws S, Van Deyk K, Luyckx K, Gewillig M, Budts W, et al. Effectiveness of structured education on knowledge and health behaviors in patients with congenital heart disease. J Pediatr. 2015;166(6):1370-6.e1.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Goossens</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fieuws</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Van Deyk</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Luyckx</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gewillig</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Budts</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Effectiveness of structured education on knowledge and health behaviors in patients with congenital heart disease</article-title>
          <source>J Pediatr</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>166</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>1370</fpage>
          <lpage>6.e1</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B21">
        <label>21</label>
        <mixed-citation>21. Verburgh L, Konigs M, Scherder EJ, Oosterlaan J. Physical exercise and executive functions in preadolescent children, adolescents and young adults: a meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48(12):973-9.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Verburgh</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Konigs</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Scherder</surname>
              <given-names>EJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oosterlaan</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Physical exercise and executive functions in preadolescent children, adolescents and young adults: a meta-analysis</article-title>
          <source>Br J Sports Med</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>48</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>973</fpage>
          <lpage>979</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B22">
        <label>22</label>
        <mixed-citation>22. Roche SL, Silversides CK. Hypertension, obesity, and coronary artery disease in the survivors of congenital heart disease. Can J Cardiol. 2013;29(7):841-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Roche</surname>
              <given-names>SL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Silversides</surname>
              <given-names>CK</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Hypertension, obesity, and coronary artery disease in the survivors of congenital heart disease</article-title>
          <source>Can J Cardiol</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>29</volume>
          <issue>7</issue>
          <fpage>841</fpage>
          <lpage>848</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de disserta&#231;&#227;o de Mestrado de Elisandra Furlan de Lima Campos pela Funda&#231;&#227;o Universit&#225;ria de Cardiologia - Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</p>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do ICFUC sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 5174/15. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento</p>
        <p>O presente estudo foi financiado pelo CNPq e CAPES.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Knowledge about the Disease and the Practice of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Campos</surname>
            <given-names>Elisandra Furlan de Lima</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Perin</surname>
            <given-names>Lisiane</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Assmann</surname>
            <given-names>Melina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lucchese</surname>
            <given-names>Fernanda</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9092-3882</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pellanda</surname>
            <given-names>Lucia Campos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de: Cardiologia. Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul &#8211; Funda&#231;&#227;o Universit&#225;ria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Sa&#250;de Coletiva &#8211; Universidade Federal de Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> Mailing Address: Elisandra Furlan de Lima Campos &#8226; Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul / Funda&#231;&#227;o Universit&#225;ria de Cardiologia - Avenida Princesa Isabel, 370 / 3&#186; andar. Postal Code 90620-000, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil E-mail: elysfurlan013@gmail.com </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Author contributions</p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Campos E, Pellanda L; Acquisition of data e writing of the manuscript: Campos E; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Campos E, Perin L, Assmann M, Lucchese F, Pellanda L; Statistical analysis: Campos E, Perin L, Lucchese F, Pellanda L; Obtaining financing and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Pellanda, LC.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p> Knowledge about the disease itself can be important for self-care in patients with several problems and comprehends information about the diagnosis up to the most important clinical implications.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p> To identify the level of knowledge of children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) about their illness, and to analyze the association between the level of knowledge and the practice of physical activity.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p> Cross-sectional study with 335 patients with CHD, aged 8 to 13 years, followed at a referral pediatric cardiology service in Southern Brazil. Patients were interviewed regarding their knowledge about CHD and a review of medical records was performed to obtain details on heart disease and procedures. A significance level p&lt;0.05 was used.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p> More than 50% of the children and adolescents did not know how to say the name of their disease or explain it. After adjusted OR (AOR), cyanotic patients in comparison to acyanotic ones (AOR: 2.29; 95%CI: 1.76-6.71; p = 0.019); children with lower level of schooling (AOR: 2.20; 95%CI: 1.81-5.86; p = 0.025); and those who did not practice physical activity (AOR: 1.88; 95%CI: 1.09-3.45; p = 0.011) showed potential for incorrect answers or did not know their disease.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p> Cyanotic children and adolescents, with a lower level of schooling and who did not practice physical activity, had little knowledge about their disease. It is necessary to develop educational intervention strategies to increase knowledge and change behavior in physical activity promotion, according to the CHD complexity. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(5):786-792)</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Cyanosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Child, Adolescents</kwd>
        <kwd>Health Information Systems</kwd>
        <kwd>Physical Activity</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Knowledge of the disease itself is an important factor for self-care in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> and ranges from information about the diagnosis to the most important clinical implications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> CHD is responsible for 0.8&#8211;1.2% of all congenital defects and has a prevalence of approximately 5.8 per 1,000 individuals.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> The incidence of CHD in Brazil is estimated at around 26,000 new cases per year.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
        <p>To minimize the risk of complications and improve health status, patients are expected to adopt certain health behaviors, such as physical activity, healthy eating and oral hygiene practices.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> However, the complexity of heart diseases and the recurring concept of the need for physical restriction generate doubts among parents and health professionals about the adequate levels of physical activity for children and adolescents with CHD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Moreover, the guidelines change over time, after the heart disease repair.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Therefore, often the family or the patients themselves restrict physical activities without this representing medical advice.</p>
        <p>Few studies have been performed on the specific knowledge of diseases such as CHD in children, adolescents or adults. Therefore, there are information gaps in different age groups and most studies have a small number of patients that allows the extrapolation of results.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Therefore, identifying the levels of the knowledge of a child with CHD about their disease can allow better planning of health education programs that will contribute to minimize doubts regarding the practice of physical activity (PA) and improve adherence to treatment. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the level of knowledge of children and adolescents with CHD about their disease, and to analyze the association between the level of knowledge and the practice of physical activity.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <p>This is a cross-sectional study that included children and adolescents with CHD, aged between 8 and 13 years, followed at the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic of Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, carried out from February 2017 to February 2018. The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Funda&#231;&#227;o Universit&#225;ria, and all participants and parents/guardians signed the Free and Informed Consent (FIC) form and Term of Assent (TA).</p>
        <p>Patients were included consecutively for one year, from the list of medical appointments scheduled during the study period. Patients with Down Syndrome, Noonan Syndrome, Charge Syndrome, autism, arrhythmias and syndromes that compromise the understanding of their disease were excluded. The age range of the participants was checked on the outpatient clinic agenda. After inclusion by age, the respective medical records were analyzed to confirm the presence of CHD (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; <italic>Flowchart. CHD: congenital heart disease; DAFA: Typical Physical Activity and Food Intake Day.</italic></title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-114-05-0786-80417-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>The children&#8217;s interviews were carried out in the waiting room of the outpatient clinic, where the objectives and study protocol were explained to the patients and their parents/guardians. Data collection was carried out by the same interviewer (EFLC), who was informally dressed, and lasted between 6 and 20 minutes.</p>
        <p>A semi-structured questionnaire was developed, based on the Leuven Knowledge Questionnaire for Congenital Heart Disease (LKQCHD)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> about knowledge of CHD. Sociodemographic and clinical data, such as previous hospitalizations, hemodynamic and surgical procedures, were extracted from the patient&#8217;s medical record. Information on the age at which the diagnosis of CHD was obtained was obtained directly from the parents or guardians, so that the CHDs were classified as minimal lesions (ML), acyanotic without implications (ASI), acyanotic with implications (AWI) and cyanotic (CY).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> The children and adolescents were asked to explain, in their own words, what they understood about their disease. The content analysis of the explanatory responses of children and adolescents regarding the knowledge of their disease was carried out by two physicians specialized in pediatric cardiology (M.A. and L.C.P.) and, subsequently, the level of knowledge was classified into 4 groups: Correct (C), Partially Correct (P/C), Incorrect (IN) and Doesn&#8217;t Know (DK).</p>
        <p>To assess the level of physical activity, the Typical Physical Activity and Food Intake Day (DAFA) instrument was partially used. We used the part of physical activity that illustrates 11 types of physical activities in three different intensities. The overall level of physical activity was determined by adding the scores of the activities that the assessed individuals reported performing on most days of the week. Three different weights were assigned aiming to weigh the activities indicated by the patients: weight one for light intensity activities, weight three for moderate intensity activities and weight nine for vigorous intensity activities. The score can reach up to 143 points, indicating children who are less active, intermediate or more active.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Based on quartiles limits [median of 25.0 (1<sup>st</sup> - 3<sup>rd</sup> quartile: 16.0 - 36.0)], the DAFA scores were classified into three categories: extremely low DAFA, scores &#8804; 16.0, intermediate scores, around the median 16.0&lt;DAFA&#8804; 36.0 and extremely high scores, DAFA&gt;36.0.</p>
        <p>The sample calculation was performed using the WinPepi&#174; program version 11.1914. The proportion of 50% of children with some type of knowledge about their disease was considered, with a statistical power of 90% and 5% margin of error. Therefore, the sample was estimated at 325 patients. During the study development, after the inclusion of 335 patients, it was verified that the scheduled patients had already been evaluated and there were no new inclusions in the outpatient clinic.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>Categorical variables were described as absolute numbers and percentages, and the continuous variables as means and standard deviations. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used in the distribution of continuous variables, where p &gt;0.05 indicated symmetric data.</p>
          <p>To identify the factors related to the prevalence of IN/DK knowledge, a bivariate analysis was used with Pearson's Chi-square test complemented by the measure of crude Odds Ratio (OR) effect.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> To verify the existence of differences between knowledge about CHD at different levels of physical activity, the One-way Analysis of Variance test with Sheff&#233; <italic>post hoc</italic> test was performed.</p>
          <p>To assess the influence of the studied variables on the level of knowledge IN/DK, the Poisson regression model was used. In the composition of the model, the variables that obtained significance &#8804; 0.200 in the unadjusted bivariate analysis were considered. In the adjusted analysis, the backward-stepwise method was used. Only variables associated with a p value &lt;0.05<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> remained in the final model. A significance level of 5% was adopted for statistical decision criteria. The tests were performed with the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA, 2011) for Windows.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>The results presented herein are related to a sample of 335 children with CHD divided into three independent groups, according to the level of knowledge about the disease. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> shows the overall sample characterization according to the classification about CHD knowledge. There was a predominance of the male gender (51.9%); age 10 years (21.2%), mean age of 10.5 &#177; 1.68 years; schooling between 4<sup>th</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> grades (40.6%); acyanotic individuals with implications (55.5%); children who were hospitalized (67.2%); children not treated with surgical procedure (60%) and children practicing PA (90.1%). The DAFA instrument showed scores ranging from 2.0 to 92.0 points, with an average of 27.6 &#177; 14.2, median of 25.0 (1<sup>st</sup> - 3<sup>rd</sup> quartile: 16.0 - 36.0) points. Considering the PA level indicated by the instrument, it was verified through the quartiles that the low active cases had DAFA scores &#8804; 16.0 points, while the highly active ones had scores &#8805; 36.0 points.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1001">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Overall characterization of the sample according to the classification for knowledge</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="10%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" rowspan="3">Variables</th>
                  <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">Total<sup><bold>A</bold></sup> (n=335)</th>
                  <th colspan="7">Knowledge about congenital heart disease<sup><bold>B</bold></sup></th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th colspan="2">Correct / Partial (n=148)</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Incorrect (n=62)</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Does not know (n=125)</th>
                  <th rowspan="2">p*</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th>n</th>
                  <th>%</th>
                  <th>n</th>
                  <th>%</th>
                  <th>n</th>
                  <th>%</th>
                  <th>n</th>
                  <th>%</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Gender</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0.367*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Male</td>
                  <td align="center">174</td>
                  <td align="center">51.9</td>
                  <td align="center">77</td>
                  <td align="center">47.8</td>
                  <td align="center">26</td>
                  <td align="center">16.1</td>
                  <td align="center">58</td>
                  <td align="center">36.0</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Female</td>
                  <td align="center">161</td>
                  <td align="center">48.1</td>
                  <td align="center">71</td>
                  <td align="center">40.8</td>
                  <td align="center">36</td>
                  <td align="center">20.7</td>
                  <td align="center">67</td>
                  <td align="center">38.5</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Age</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0.033*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>8</td>
                  <td align="center">48</td>
                  <td align="center">14.3</td>
                  <td align="center">12</td>
                  <td align="center">25.0</td>
                  <td align="center">11</td>
                  <td align="center">22.9</td>
                  <td align="center">25</td>
                  <td align="center">52.1</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>9</td>
                  <td align="center">60</td>
                  <td align="center">17.9</td>
                  <td align="center">27</td>
                  <td align="center">45.0</td>
                  <td align="center">9</td>
                  <td align="center">15.0</td>
                  <td align="center">24</td>
                  <td align="center">40.0</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>10</td>
                  <td align="center">71</td>
                  <td align="center">21.2</td>
                  <td align="center">39</td>
                  <td align="center">54.9</td>
                  <td align="center">10</td>
                  <td align="center">14.1</td>
                  <td align="center">22</td>
                  <td align="center">31.0</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>11</td>
                  <td align="center">48</td>
                  <td align="center">14.3</td>
                  <td align="center">20</td>
                  <td align="center">41.7</td>
                  <td align="center">06</td>
                  <td align="center">12.5</td>
                  <td align="center">22</td>
                  <td align="center">45.8</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>12</td>
                  <td align="center">50</td>
                  <td align="center">14.9</td>
                  <td align="center">22</td>
                  <td align="center">44.0</td>
                  <td align="center">09</td>
                  <td align="center">18.0</td>
                  <td align="center">19</td>
                  <td align="center">38.0</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>13</td>
                  <td align="center">58</td>
                  <td align="center">17.3</td>
                  <td align="center">28</td>
                  <td align="center">48.3</td>
                  <td align="center">17</td>
                  <td align="center">29.3</td>
                  <td align="center">13</td>
                  <td align="center">22.4</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Level of schooling (year)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0.009*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Preschool, 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">89</td>
                  <td align="center">26.6</td>
                  <td align="center">27</td>
                  <td align="center">30.3</td>
                  <td align="center">17</td>
                  <td align="center">19.1</td>
                  <td align="center">45</td>
                  <td align="center">50.6</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>4<sup>th</sup>, 5<sup>th</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">136</td>
                  <td align="center">40.6</td>
                  <td align="center">63</td>
                  <td align="center">46.3</td>
                  <td align="center">23</td>
                  <td align="center">16.9</td>
                  <td align="center">50</td>
                  <td align="center">36.8</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>6<sup>th</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">43</td>
                  <td align="center">12.8</td>
                  <td align="center">22</td>
                  <td align="center">51.2</td>
                  <td align="center">8</td>
                  <td align="center">18.6</td>
                  <td align="center">13</td>
                  <td align="center">30.2</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>7<sup>th</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">48</td>
                  <td align="center">14.3</td>
                  <td align="center">29</td>
                  <td align="center">60.4</td>
                  <td align="center">8</td>
                  <td align="center">16.7</td>
                  <td align="center">11</td>
                  <td align="center">22.9</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>8<sup>th</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">19</td>
                  <td align="center">5.7</td>
                  <td align="center">7</td>
                  <td align="center">36.8</td>
                  <td align="center">6</td>
                  <td align="center">31.6</td>
                  <td align="center">6</td>
                  <td align="center">31.6</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>CHD classification</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ML/ASI</td>
                  <td align="center">81</td>
                  <td align="center">24.2</td>
                  <td align="center">37</td>
                  <td align="center">45.7</td>
                  <td align="center">11</td>
                  <td align="center">13.6</td>
                  <td align="center">33</td>
                  <td align="center">40.7</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>AWI</td>
                  <td align="center">186</td>
                  <td align="center">55.5</td>
                  <td align="center">97</td>
                  <td align="center">52.2</td>
                  <td align="center">27</td>
                  <td align="center">14.5</td>
                  <td align="center">62</td>
                  <td align="center">33.3</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>CY</td>
                  <td align="center">68</td>
                  <td align="center">22.7</td>
                  <td align="center">14</td>
                  <td align="center">20.6</td>
                  <td align="center">24</td>
                  <td align="center">35.3</td>
                  <td align="center">30</td>
                  <td align="center">44.1</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Hospitalization</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0.044*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">225</td>
                  <td align="center">67.2</td>
                  <td align="center">110</td>
                  <td align="center">48.9</td>
                  <td align="center">39</td>
                  <td align="center">17.3</td>
                  <td align="center">76</td>
                  <td align="center">33.8</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>No</td>
                  <td align="center">110</td>
                  <td align="center">32.8</td>
                  <td align="center">38</td>
                  <td align="center">34.5</td>
                  <td align="center">23</td>
                  <td align="center">20.9</td>
                  <td align="center">49</td>
                  <td align="center">44.5</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Surgical procedure</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0.015*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">134</td>
                  <td align="center">40</td>
                  <td align="center">48</td>
                  <td align="center">35.8</td>
                  <td align="center">24</td>
                  <td align="center">17.9</td>
                  <td align="center">62</td>
                  <td align="center">46.3</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>No</td>
                  <td align="center">201</td>
                  <td align="center">60</td>
                  <td align="center">100</td>
                  <td align="center">49.8</td>
                  <td align="center">38</td>
                  <td align="center">18.9</td>
                  <td align="center">63</td>
                  <td align="center">31.3</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Physical activity</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0.015*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">302</td>
                  <td align="center">90.1</td>
                  <td align="center">141</td>
                  <td align="center">46.7</td>
                  <td align="center">53</td>
                  <td align="center">17.2</td>
                  <td align="center">109</td>
                  <td align="center">36.1</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>No</td>
                  <td align="center">33</td>
                  <td align="center">9.9</td>
                  <td align="center">7</td>
                  <td align="center">21.2</td>
                  <td align="center">10</td>
                  <td align="center">30.3</td>
                  <td align="center">16</td>
                  <td align="center">48.5</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>DAFA [Mean&#177;SD]</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">27.6&#177;14.2</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">28.9&#177;13.8</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">26.1&#177;12.8</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">27.6&#177;14.2</td>
                  <td align="center">0.285<sup>&#165;</sup></td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1001">
                <p>
                  <italic>A: Percentages obtained for the total sample; B: Percentages obtained based on each category of responses; * Pearson&#8217;s Chi-square test; ** Classification of CHD: Minimal lesions (ML); Acyanotic without implications (ASI); acyanotic with implications (AWI) (surgery/hemodynamics); Cyanotic (CY); &#165;: Analysis of variance (One-way) - Sheff&#232; Post-hoc test.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>Regarding the comparison of the children's profile variables in relation to the knowledge level about CHD, there was a significant difference between the age groups (p = 0.033), level of schooling (p = 0.009), CHD classification (p&lt;0.001), hospitalization (p = 0.044), surgical procedure (p = 0.015) and PA practice (p = 0.015). There was no significant difference (p = 0.285) between the level of PA assessed by DAFA with knowledge about CHD.</p>
        <p>According to <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref>, regarding the adjusted OR, the greatest univariate effects indicated that patients with a lower level of schooling (pre-school, 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>and 3<sup>rd</sup> grades) were 2.20 (95% CI: 1, 81-5.86) times more likely to answer incorrectly or did not know how to answer when compared to patients with a higher level of schooling, 8<sup>th</sup> grade (p = 0.025). Regarding the classification of CHD, cyanotic patients were 2.29 (95% CI: 1.76-6.71) times more likely to answer incorrectly or did not know how to answer when compared to acyanotic patients with implications (p = 0.019). As for the practice of physical activity, patients who did not practice were 1.88 (95% CI: 1.09 3.34) times more likely to answer incorrectly or did not know how to answer when compared to patients who practiced PA (p = 0.011).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2001">
            <label>Table 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Prevalence for Incorrect/Doesn&#8217;t know knowledge of disease, crude and adjusted analysis on representative dependent variables in the study</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="14%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" rowspan="2">Variables</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Incorrect / Doesn&#8217;t Know Knowledge (n=187)</th>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <italic>Odds ratio</italic>
                    <sup>
                      <bold>C</bold>
                    </sup>
                  </th>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <italic>Adjusted Odds ratio</italic>
                    <sup>
                      <bold>
                        <italic>D</italic>
                      </bold>
                    </sup>
                  </th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th>n</th>
                  <th>%</th>
                  <th>OR (IC95%)</th>
                  <th>p</th>
                  <th><sub><bold>adj</bold></sub>OR (IC95%)</th>
                  <th>p*</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Age</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="7">0.418</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="7">0.068</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>8</td>
                  <td align="center">36</td>
                  <td align="center">19.3</td>
                  <td align="center">2.71(1.18 &#8211; 6.21)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.84 (1.44-8.56)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>9</td>
                  <td align="center">33</td>
                  <td align="center">17.6</td>
                  <td align="center">1.10 (0.54 &#8211;2.27)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.22 (1.09-2.88)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>10</td>
                  <td align="center">32</td>
                  <td align="center">17.1</td>
                  <td align="center">0.74 (0.37 &#8211;1.48)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.98 (0.55-1.66)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>11</td>
                  <td align="center">28</td>
                  <td align="center">15.0</td>
                  <td align="center">1.26 (0.59 &#8211;2.73)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.17 (0.89-2.67)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>12</td>
                  <td align="center">28</td>
                  <td align="center">15.0</td>
                  <td align="center">1.11 (0.52 &#8211;2.37)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.09 (0.66-1.99)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>13</td>
                  <td align="center">30</td>
                  <td align="center">16.0</td>
                  <td align="center">1.0</td>
                  <td align="center">1.0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Level of schooling (year)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="6">0.589</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="6">0.025</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Preschool, 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">62</td>
                  <td align="center">33.2</td>
                  <td align="center">1.34 (0.48 &#8211; 3.77)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.20 (1.81 &#8211; 5.86)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>4<sup>th</sup>, 5<sup>th</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">73</td>
                  <td align="center">39.0</td>
                  <td align="center">0.78 (0.25 &#8211;1.82)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.19 (1.60 &#8211; 6.21)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>6<sup>th</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">21</td>
                  <td align="center">11.2</td>
                  <td align="center">0.56 (0.18 &#8211;1.69)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.69 (1.19 &#8211; 2.49)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>7<sup>th</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">19</td>
                  <td align="center">10.2</td>
                  <td align="center">0.38 (0.13 &#8211;1.14)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.46 (0.14 &#8211; 1.55)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>8<sup>th</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">12</td>
                  <td align="center">6.4</td>
                  <td align="center">1.0</td>
                  <td align="center">1.0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>CHD classification</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.026</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ML/ASI</td>
                  <td align="center">44</td>
                  <td align="center">23.5</td>
                  <td align="center">1.0</td>
                  <td align="center">1.0</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="3">0.019</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>AWI</td>
                  <td align="center">89</td>
                  <td align="center">47.6</td>
                  <td align="center">0.77 (0.46 &#8211; 1.30)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.63 (0.31- 1.27)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>CY</td>
                  <td align="center">54</td>
                  <td align="center">28.9</td>
                  <td align="center">3.24 (1.56 &#8211; 6.75)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.29 (1.76 - 6.71)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Children who were hospitalized</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="3">0.182</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="3">0.287</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">115</td>
                  <td align="center">61.5</td>
                  <td align="center">1.15 (0.92-1.49)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.09 (0.64-1.36)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>No</td>
                  <td align="center">72</td>
                  <td align="center">38.5</td>
                  <td align="center">1.0</td>
                  <td align="center">1.0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Children treated with surgical procedure</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="3">0.013</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="3">0.355</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">86</td>
                  <td align="center">46.0</td>
                  <td align="center">1.0</td>
                  <td align="center">1.0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>No</td>
                  <td align="center">101</td>
                  <td align="center">54.0</td>
                  <td align="center">1.77 (1.13-2.78)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.22 (0.85 &#8211; 1.87)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Practiced physical activity</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="3">0.009</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="3">0.011</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">162</td>
                  <td align="center">86.6</td>
                  <td align="center">1.0</td>
                  <td align="center">1.0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>No</td>
                  <td align="center">26</td>
                  <td align="center">13.9</td>
                  <td align="center">2.20 (1.13-4.29)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.88 (1.09 &#8211; 3.45)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2001">
                <p>
                  <italic>C: crude odds ratio to estimate the risk of Incorrect/Doesn&#8217;t know knowledge in relation to the grouped categories Incorrect/Doesn&#8217;t know knowledge. D: Adjusted Odds ratio to estimate the risk of Incorrect/Doesn&#8217;t know knowledge, in relation to the grouped categories Incorrect/Don&#8217;t know knowledge adjusted for the variables present in the model. Classification of CHD: Minimal lesions (ML); acyanotic without implications (ASI); acyanotic with implications (AWI) (surgery/hemodynamics); Cyanotic (CY). * Pearson&#8217;s Chi-square test</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>The present study highlights the fact that most children and adolescents with CHD who participated in the interviews did not know how to say the name of their disease or explain it in their own words. Few studies have assessed the level of knowledge with the classification of heart disease or PA practice. The studies available in the scientific literature are difficult to standardize due to several methodological issues, including the absence of a validated questionnaire for children.</p>
        <p>In a descriptive study, most adolescents (54%) did not know the name of their heart defect compared to most of their parents (78%), who in turn knew the name of their child's heart defect correctly. However, only 24% of adolescents and 30% of parents were able to correctly locate the defective lesions on a heart diagram.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
        <p>A study found that patients with mild CHD had more incorrect answers in a questionnaire about their disease, compared to patients with moderate CHD (p &lt;0.001).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> This finding differs from that found in the present study, in which cyanotic children answered incorrectly in relation to those with minimal lesions.</p>
        <p>A possible explanation for this is that patients who belonged to the disease group with less complex malformation and with minimal hemodynamic implications, would understand and explain their disease more easily, when compared to patients with cyanotic diseases, of which explanations are more complex. In turn, specific types of CHD have been associated with significant differences in the average Intellectual Quotient (IQ).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> Children with cyanotic disease tend to have lower average IQs than children with acyanotic CHD,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> which was not assessed in this study.</p>
        <p>After the implementation of a structured education program for adolescents and adults with CHD, a study found that an average total score of knowledge in the group that received educational intervention (57%) was significantly higher compared to the control group (43%) (p&lt;0.001). However, only 24 patients (11%) in the intervention group achieved the objective proposed by the educational program. After adjusting for the patient&#8217;s age, level of schooling and disease complexity, the multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the provision of structured education for CHD was an independent determinant of higher levels of knowledge (p &lt;0.001). Therefore, adolescents and adults with a higher level of schooling and higher disease complexity were significantly correlated with greater knowledge about their disease (p &lt;0.001).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The practice of PA was associated with greater knowledge, and this may have occurred because children like to practice PA and/or parents are concerned about and questioned the limits of PA to the medical team. Moreover, children could also have received more information about the condition of their heart problem. Another alternative interpretation was that the children with more knowledge felt safer to practice physical activity.</p>
        <p>In the European Society Recommendations for children with CHD, there is provision for encouraging the patient to practice PA and describing the indications and their intensities for each type of lesion.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Likewise, a study reports that the patient&#8217;s ability to locate the heart defect on a diagram and knowledge about physical restrictions were strongly correlated with knowledge about sports, both of which were higher in male patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> In contrast, another study showed that 38% of adolescents and 52% of parents knew about CHD and the endorsement to participate in competitive sports.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Lower levels of physical exercise have been associated with an increased incidence of disabilities and diseases, including hypertension, obesity and diabetes. In contrast, high levels of physical exercise are associated with greater musculoskeletal fitness and less risk of physical disability and development of diseases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> However, in cases of CHD, it is important to consider that there is a lot of variability regarding the level of PA allowed according to the disease, the type of correction and the presence of sequelae. The interaction between CHD and acquired cardiovascular risk factors can have summing effects for the future. There are indications that acquired comorbidities are likely to be harmful. It is important to emphasize that the modification of knowledge, behavior and lifestyle, as well as the correct treatment, should start early with a focus on continuous cardiovascular care.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The study had the possible memory bias as a limitation, which may have affected the accuracy of the answers.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>Cyanotic children and adolescents, with a lower level of education and who did not practice physical activity, had little knowledge about their disease. It is necessary to develop educational intervention strategies to increase knowledge and change behaviors regarding physical activity promotion, according to the CHD complexity.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study Association</p>
          <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Elisandra Furlan de Lima Campos, from Funda&#231;&#227;o Universit&#225;ria de Cardiologia - Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the ICFUC under the protocol number 5174/15. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Sources of Funding</p>
          <p>This study was funded by CNPq and CAPES.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
