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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">HdJKc5LY76BRQtVTtW4785Q</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2020000600773</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200262</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200262</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Florida <italic>Shock Anxiety Scale</italic> para Portadores de Cardioversor-Desfibrilador Implant&#225;vel &#8211; Valorizando o Psicossocial</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8975-1182</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rocha</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Arrais</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6572-7505</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Ieda Prata</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Cear&#225;</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Cear&#225; &#8211; Cardiologia, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro de Arritmia do Cear&#225;</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro de Arritmia do Cear&#225;, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Eduardo Arrais Rocha &#8226; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceara &#8211; Cardiologia - Rua Capit&#227;o Francisco Pedro, 1290. CEP 60430-160, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>eduardoa@cardiol.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>773</fpage>
      <lpage>774</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Desfibriladores Implant&#225;veis</kwd>
        <kwd>Qualidade de Vida</kwd>
        <kwd>Impacto Psicossocial</kwd>
        <kwd>Ansiedade</kwd>
        <kwd>Transtornos Psicofisiol&#243;gicos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Este trabalho apresenta uma importante escala, j&#225; em vers&#227;o brasileira, com valida&#231;&#227;o em nossa popula&#231;&#227;o, que permite avaliar o n&#237;vel de ansiedade relacionada ao cardioversor-desfibrilador implant&#225;vel (CDI) e aos choques aplicados pelo dispositivo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Esta escala, como bem ressaltada no trabalho de Silva et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> n&#227;o foi idealizada para avaliar aspectos da adapta&#231;&#227;o do paciente com o seu CDI ou os impactos desse dispositivo na qualidade de vida do indiv&#237;duo, existindo outra escala apropriada para este fim, como a <italic>Florida Patient Acceptance Survey</italic> (FPAS).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Este artigo sinaliza a import&#226;ncia da valoriza&#231;&#227;o dos aspectos psicossociais dos portadores de CDI, muitas vezes, relevados a planos relevados a planos secund&#225;rios. Alguns artigos j&#225; demonstraram o impacto negativo que o CDI pode trazer na vida dos pacientes, mesmo sem a ocorr&#234;ncia de terapias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Entretanto, sabe-se do indiscut&#237;vel benef&#237;cio que os CDI promovem em diversos contextos cl&#237;nicos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Portanto, uma abordagem psicossocial deveria obrigatoriamente fazer parte dos ambulat&#243;rios de arritmia e marca-passo, tendo agora dispon&#237;vel em nosso meio uma ferramenta para tal an&#225;lise.</p>
    <p>Manzoni et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> analisaram 60 estudos e avaliaram o n&#237;vel de ansiedade, depress&#227;o, qualidade de vida relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de, s&#237;ndrome do estresse p&#243;s-traum&#225;tico e transtornos psiqui&#225;tricos em portadores de CDI. Eles conclu&#237;ram que h&#225; uma grande heterogeneidade metodol&#243;gica nos testes psicol&#243;gicos utilizados.</p>
    <p>Isto tem dificultado a an&#225;lise dos dados e, consequentemente, as estrat&#233;gias para a diminui&#231;&#227;o desse impacto. V&#225;rios fatores podem influenciar o grau de ansiedade e muitos n&#227;o foram abordados nesses estudos, como as diferentes caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas, as condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nica e psicol&#243;gica pr&#233;-implante e o n&#250;mero de choques, se apropriados ou n&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Uma suban&#225;lise do estudo <italic>Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Reduce Inappropriate Therapy</italic> (MADIT-RIT), que utilizou a escala <italic>Florida Shock Anxiety</italic> Scale (FSAS), concluiu que 2 ou mais choques, apropriados ou inapropriados, e o maior n&#250;mero de epis&#243;dios de <italic>anti-tachycardia pacing</italic> (ATP) inapropriados estariam associados a maior grau de ansiedade, em um acompanhamento de 9 meses. Por essa an&#225;lise, sugeriu-se que altera&#231;&#245;es na programa&#231;&#227;o do CDI podem alterar o grau de ansiedade ao diminuir o n&#250;mero de choques e ATP inapropriados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Outro t&#243;pico relevante refere-se aos cuidados com as programa&#231;&#245;es do CDI. As sociedades da especialidade t&#234;m publica&#231;&#245;es sugerindo a forma ideal de programa&#231;&#227;o, conforme cada fabricante. Essas recomenda&#231;&#245;es devem ser implementadas tentando-se minimizar as terapias de choque, que podem elevar o grau de ansiedade e estar relacionadas a pior progn&#243;stico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A valoriza&#231;&#227;o das terapias com ATP (estimula&#231;&#227;o antitaquicardia), o aumento no tempo ou a programa&#231;&#227;o de um maior n&#250;mero de batimentos para a detec&#231;&#227;o das arritmias ventriculares sustentadas s&#227;o extremamente importantes.</p>
    <p>A programa&#231;&#227;o do CDI em pacientes com com cardiopatia chag&#225;sica (CCH) deve ser diferente da realizada para outras patologias. Na CCH, observa-se um maior n&#250;mero de terapias, em diferentes zonas de detec&#231;&#227;o, com repercuss&#245;es cl&#237;nicas distintas, portanto, merecendo uma abordagem mais individualizada e especializada em centros de refer&#234;ncia.</p>
    <p>A correta programa&#231;&#227;o das fun&#231;&#245;es de discrimina&#231;&#227;o das arritmias ventriculares, em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s arritmias supraventriculares, ou mesmo para a identifica&#231;&#227;o de ru&#237;dos que possam deflagrar terapias inapropriadas, merece especial aten&#231;&#227;o. Sabe-se que existem diversos fabricantes com particularidades de programa&#231;&#245;es, mas todas devem ser de conhecimento obrigat&#243;rio do especialista. A pr&#243;pria escolha do dispositivo com maior dura&#231;&#227;o de bateria, evitando-se trocas precoces, tamb&#233;m &#233; um fator importante de prote&#231;&#227;o psicossocial.</p>
    <p>Por fim, parabenizamos os autores pela importante contribui&#231;&#227;o ao tema no cen&#225;rio nacional e pelo rigor cient&#237;fico adotado. A implementa&#231;&#227;o da escala FSAS, traduzida e validada por Silva et al., para an&#225;lise do grau de ansiedade em portadores de CDI auxiliar&#225; no tratamento psicossocial destes pacientes.</p>
  </body>
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              <given-names>MK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fauchier</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Morillo</surname>
              <given-names>CA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wilkoff</surname>
              <given-names>BL</given-names>
            </name>
            <collab>ESC Scientific Document Group</collab>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>2019 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS focused update to 2015 expert consensus statement on optimal implantable cardioverter-defibrillator programming and testing</article-title>
          <source>Europace</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>21</volume>
          <issue>9</issue>
          <fpage>1442</fpage>
          <lpage>1443</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Evid&#234;ncias de Validade da Vers&#227;o Brasileira da Florida Shock Anxiety Scale para Portadores de Cardioversor-Desfibrilador Implant&#225;vel</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Florida Shock Anxiety Scale for Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator - Appreciating the Psychosocial Aspects</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8975-1182</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rocha</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Arrais</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6572-7505</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Ieda Prata</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Cear&#225; &#8211; Cardiologia, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro de Arritmia do Cear&#225;, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> Mailing Address: Eduardo Arrais Rocha &#8226; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceara &#8211; Cardiologia - Rua Capit&#227;o Francisco Pedro, 1290. Postal Code 60430-160, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brazil E-mail: eduardoa@cardiol.br </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Defibrillators, Implantable</kwd>
        <kwd>Quality of Life</kwd>
        <kwd>Psychosocial Impact</kwd>
        <kwd>Anxiety</kwd>
        <kwd>Psychophysiologic Disorders</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The published study provides an important scale, already in its Brazilian Portuguese version and that has been validated for our population, which allows assessing the level of anxiety related to the presence of the Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) and the shocks applied by the device.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>This scale, as well emphasized in the study by Silva et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> was not designed to assess aspects of the patient&#8217;s adaptation to the ICD, or even its impacts on patient quality of life, and there is another scale that is appropriate for this purpose, such as the FPAS - Florida Patient Acceptance Survey.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The article reminds us of the importance of appreciating the psychosocial aspects of patients with an ICD that are often relegated to a secondary plan. Several articles have demonstrated the negative impact that the presence of the ICD, even without therapies, can have on these patients&#8217; lives.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>However, we know about the undeniable clinical benefits they bring in different clinical contexts.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Therefore, a psychosocial approach should be part of the arrhythmia and pacemaker outpatient clinics, considering we now have a tool for such analysis available in our country.</p>
      <p>Manzoni et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> analyzed sixty studies and assessed the level of anxiety, depression, health-related quality of life, post-traumatic stress syndrome and psychiatric disorders in patients with ICD. They concluded there is a large methodological heterogeneity in the psychological tests used.</p>
      <p>This has made data analysis difficult and, consequently, has hindered strategies to reduce this impact. Several factors can influence the degree of anxiety and are not fully addressed in these studies, such as the different demographic characteristics, the pre-implantation clinical and psychological status and the number of shocks, whether appropriate or not.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A subanalysis of the MADIT-RIT study, which used the FSAS (Florida Shock Anxiety Scale) scale, concluded that &gt;2 appropriate or inappropriate shocks and a higher number of inappropriate Anti-Tachycardia Pacing (ATP) episodes were associated with a greater degree of anxiety, during a 9-month follow-up. Therefore, it has been suggested that changes in the ICD programming may alter the degree of anxiety by reducing the number of inappropriate shocks and ATPs.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Another relevant topic concerns the care with the ICD programming. The Specialty Societies have publications suggesting the ideal form of programming, according to each manufacturer. The implementation of these recommendations must be carried out in an attempt to minimize shock therapies, which can increase the degree of anxiety and be associated with a worse prognosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The valorization of therapies with ATP (anti-tachycardia stimulation), the increase in time or the programming of a higher number of beats for the detection of sustained ventricular arrhythmias are extremely important.</p>
      <p>The programming of patients with Chagas cardiopathy is not possible, as seen in other pathologies, as they have a greater number of therapies, in different detection zones, with different clinical implications, therefore deserving a more individualized and specialized approach in referral centers.</p>
      <p>The correct programming of ventricular arrhythmia discrimination functions, in relation to supraventricular arrhythmias, or even for the identification of noises that may trigger inappropriate therapies, deserve special attention. We know there are several manufacturers with certain peculiarities in their programming, which are mandatory for the specialist&#8217;s knowledge. The choice of the device that has the longest battery life, preventing early battery change, is also an important factor in the context of psychosocial protection.</p>
      <p>Finally, we congratulate the authors for their important contribution to the topic in the national scenario and for the scientific thoroughness adopted in the study. The implementation of this scale, translated and validated by Silva et al. to analyze the degree of specific anxiety in patients with ICDs will help in the psychosocial treatment of these patients.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Validity Evidence of the Brazilian Version of the Florida Shock Anxiety Scale for Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
