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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">vfYztGZD49gHRwXst8GLFSt</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2020000400708</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200157</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200157</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>&#201; Hora de Incluir o Treinamento de Equil&#237;brio nos Programas de Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca de Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca com Fra&#231;&#227;o de Eje&#231;&#227;o Preservada</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9094-1493</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Instituto de Biomedicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola Superior de Sa&#250;de</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Aveiro</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Aveiro</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Biomedicina (iBiMED) - Escola Superior de Sa&#250;de - Universidade de Aveiro,Aveiro &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Fernando Ribeiro &#8226; Universidade de Aveiro - Edif&#237;cio 30 Agras do Crasto - Campus Universit&#225;rio de Santiago. 3810-193, Aveiro &#8211; Portugal E-mail: <email>fernando.ribeiro@ua.pt</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>708</fpage>
      <lpage>710</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca/fisiopatologia, Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Volume Sist&#243;lico</kwd>
        <kwd>D&#233;bito Card&#237;aco</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>Funda&#231;&#227;o Portuguesa de Ci&#234;ncia e Tecnologia</funding-source>
          <award-id>UID/BIM/04501/2020</award-id>
        </award-group>
      </funding-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="16"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O &#244;nus da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca exerce um impacto pessoal, social e econ&#244;mico significativo, n&#227;o apenas nos pacientes e suas fam&#237;lias, mas tamb&#233;m na sociedade (incluindo os sistemas de sa&#250;de). A insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#233; uma condi&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica e progressiva que afeta um grande n&#250;mero de indiv&#237;duos em todo o mundo (&gt; 37,7 milh&#245;es de casos estimados em 2010).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> &#201; caracterizada por sintomas t&#237;picos (por exemplo, falta de ar e fadiga) que podem ser acompanhados por sinais (por exemplo, edema perif&#233;rico) causados por anormalidades card&#237;acas &#8211; estruturais e /ou funcionais &#8211;, resultando em d&#233;bito card&#237;aco reduzido e/ou press&#245;es intracard&#237;acas elevadas em repouso ou durante o estresse.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca foi categorizada em insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada (ICFEp), intermedi&#225;ria (ICFEm) e reduzida (ICFEr), de acordo com a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada tornou-se um fen&#243;tipo cada vez mais reconhecido; apesar de ser considerada uma condi&#231;&#227;o que afeta principalmente indiv&#237;duos idosos, representa aproximadamente metade de todos os casos de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Apesar das terapias farmacol&#243;gicas e dos dispositivos dispon&#237;veis, o progn&#243;stico dos pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, qualidade de vida e sobrevida em 5 anos permanecem ruins<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> e similares em todas as categorias de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#233; uma causa frequente de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o, principalmente em idosos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Indiv&#237;duos idosos com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca hospitalizados por causas cardiovasculares, como insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca descompensada aguda, s&#227;o geralmente fr&#225;geis e apresentam baixa qualidade de vida e comprometimentos graves em v&#225;rios componentes da aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica, incluindo capacidade de exerc&#237;cio, for&#231;a muscular, equil&#237;brio e mobilidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Essas defici&#234;ncias podem ajudar a explicar por que as hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es de pacientes com ICFEp est&#227;o frequentemente relacionadas a causas n&#227;o cardiovasculares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Menor aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica, comprometimento do equil&#237;brio e da mobilidade funcional, e o uso de alguns medicamentos (por exemplo, digoxina) aumenta o risco de quedas em pacientes idosos com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. Foi relatada n&#227;o apenas uma associa&#231;&#227;o entre insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e aumento do risco de queda, mas tamb&#233;m uma taxa de queda muito maior (43%) em pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca em compara&#231;&#227;o com pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (34%) ou diabetes mellitus (28%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica &#233; um construto de atributos relacionados &#224; sa&#250;de (composi&#231;&#227;o corporal, resist&#234;ncia cardiorrespirat&#243;ria, flexibilidade, resist&#234;ncia muscular, for&#231;a) e relacionados ao desempenho desportivo (equil&#237;brio, agilidade e coordena&#231;&#227;o, velocidade e tempo de rea&#231;&#227;o) que se refere &#224; habilidade de nossos sistemas corporais em trabalhar juntos de forma eficiente. Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o da revista, Schmidt et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> exploram essa quest&#227;o em uma coorte de pacientes idosos (m&#233;dia de idade: 76 &#177; 6 anos) com ICFEp. Os autores avaliaram a associa&#231;&#227;o entre diferentes componentes da aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica &#8211; capacidade de exerc&#237;cio, for&#231;a de preens&#227;o manual, equil&#237;brio din&#226;mico e mobilidade e composi&#231;&#227;o corporal &#8211; e as dimens&#245;es da qualidade de vida de pacientes com ICFEp. Eles tamb&#233;m avaliaram quais componentes da aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica eram independentemente associados &#224; qualidade de vida relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de. Os autores realizaram um estudo transversal com uma amostra de conveni&#234;ncia de 24 pacientes (17 mulheres e 7 homens), 79% deles com classe funcional II da <italic>New York Heart Association</italic> (NYHA) (n = 19) e apenas quatro pacientes (21%) com classe funcional III da NYHA. Eles encontraram uma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa entre a dist&#226;ncia atingida no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6M) (capacidade de exerc&#237;cio) e o escore no teste <italic>8-foot Up and Go</italic> (equil&#237;brio din&#226;mico e mobilidade) com o escore total e a dimens&#227;o f&#237;sica do <italic>Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire</italic> (qualidade de vida relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de), mas apenas o equil&#237;brio din&#226;mico e a mobilidade foram concomitantemente associados &#224; dimens&#227;o emocional. Curiosamente, apenas o desempenho no teste <italic>8-foot Up and Go</italic> (equil&#237;brio din&#226;mico e mobilidade) foi associado &#224; qualidade de vida &#8211; escore total, dimens&#245;es f&#237;sicas e emocionais &#8211; ap&#243;s o ajuste para idade, sexo e classe funcional da NYHA. Os pacientes com melhor equil&#237;brio tamb&#233;m relataram melhor qualidade de vida. Neste estudo, o pico de consumo de oxig&#234;nio durante o teste de exerc&#237;cio cardiopulmonar n&#227;o foi avaliado e, portanto, n&#227;o &#233; poss&#237;vel determinar se existe uma associa&#231;&#227;o entre uma medida m&#225;xima ou limitada por sintomas da capacidade de exerc&#237;cio e qualidade de vida, bem como se o equil&#237;brio ainda est&#225; associado &#224; qualidade de vida ao controlar tamb&#233;m o consumo m&#225;ximo de oxig&#234;nio. Apesar do pequeno tamanho amostral predominantemente composto por mulheres (71%) com comprometimento funcional leve e a amostragem por conveni&#234;ncia, este estudo gerou dados interessantes que podem ser utilizados para informar futuros e maiores estudos nessa &#225;rea. Uma an&#225;lise secund&#225;ria dos estudos RELAX e NEAT-HFpEF, recentemente publicada,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> avaliou diferen&#231;as de sexo na capacidade de exerc&#237;cio (TC6M) e na qualidade de vida ( <italic>Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire</italic> ) em 323 pacientes com ICFEp (158 homens e 165 mulheres) e encontrou diferentes determinantes da qualidade de vida entre mulheres e homens. Curiosamente, a qualidade de vida foi associada &#224; disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica, cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica e capacidade de exerc&#237;cio em homens, enquanto em mulheres, somente o &#237;ndice de massa corporal e a idade predizem a qualidade de vida.</p>
    <p>O equil&#237;brio din&#226;mico e a mobilidade poderiam ser um dos determinantes da qualidade de vida em mulheres com ICFEp? O estudo de Schmidt et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> deu alguns esclarecimentos a respeito dessa quest&#227;o, pois recrutou uma amostra composta predominantemente por mulheres (71%), utilizaram as mesmas ferramentas para avaliar a qualidade de vida e a capacidade de exerc&#237;cio e conclu&#237;ram que o equil&#237;brio din&#226;mico e a mobilidade superam a capacidade de exerc&#237;cio na avalia&#231;&#227;o da qualidade de vida em pacientes com ICFEp. Coletivamente, esses achados refor&#231;am a import&#226;ncia da realiza&#231;&#227;o de estudos em mulheres com ICFEp para identificar determinantes de sua qualidade de vida.</p>
    <p>As altas taxas de mortalidade, morbidade, rehospitaliza&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular e por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e uso e custos de assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica associados ao aumento da preval&#234;ncia de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca sinalizam claramente a necessidade de melhorar as estrat&#233;gias de tratamento. O estudo de Schmidt et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> certamente deixa o leitor com a sensa&#231;&#227;o de que h&#225; um aspecto importante do cuidado m&#233;dico em ICFEp que pode estar faltando em pacientes idosos. Como um preditor independente de qualidade de vida, todos os pacientes idosos devem ser testados quanto a equil&#237;brio din&#226;mico e mobilidade? Os d&#233;ficits de equil&#237;brio s&#227;o potencialmente trat&#225;veis, e a identifica&#231;&#227;o e o tratamento desses d&#233;ficits podem melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Uma investiga&#231;&#227;o mais detalhada com maior tamanho de amostra &#233; necess&#225;ria para fortalecer ou refutar as conclus&#245;es de Schmidt et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> e ajudar os m&#233;dicos a decidir se testam ou n&#227;o o equil&#237;brio diariamente.</p>
    <p>O estudo de Schmidt et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> ao sugerir o equil&#237;brio din&#226;mico e a mobilidade como os determinantes mais importantes da qualidade de vida (dimens&#245;es f&#237;sica e emocional), levanta tamb&#233;m outra quest&#227;o pertinente: &#233; hora de incluir o treinamento de equil&#237;brio nos programas de reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca de pacientes com ICFEp? A reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca baseada no exerc&#237;cio &#233; uma recomenda&#231;&#227;o da classe 1A para pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> em pacientes com ICFEp os benef&#237;cios s&#227;o multidimensionais; por exemplo, um programa de reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca baseado em exerc&#237;cio melhora a capacidade de exerc&#237;cio, a fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica e a qualidade de vida.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> Entretanto, os programas tradicionais de reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca n&#227;o abordam completamente as defici&#234;ncias funcionais de m&#250;ltiplos dom&#237;nios, comuns em pacientes idosos com ICFEp, particularmente aquelas relacionadas a equil&#237;brio e mobilidade funcional. A resposta &#224; pergunta acima mencionada pode ser dada em estudos que avaliem o impacto de programas de reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca de m&#250;ltiplos dom&#237;nios, projetados para tamb&#233;m melhorar o equil&#237;brio e a mobilidade funcional (al&#233;m de outros objetivos, como melhorar a capacidade de exerc&#237;cio) administrados por uma equipe multidisciplinar; e avaliar se um programa que engloba exerc&#237;cios espec&#237;ficos de equil&#237;brio e mobilidade funcional, al&#233;m de exerc&#237;cios aer&#243;bicos e de resist&#234;ncia, &#233; mais eficaz para melhorar o equil&#237;brio e a qualidade de vida, diminuir o risco e a taxa de quedas e reduzir as hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares e n&#227;o cardiovasculares.</p>
    <p>Em resumo, a atual contribui&#231;&#227;o de Schmidt et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, aumenta a conscientiza&#231;&#227;o e fornece evid&#234;ncias para indicar a avalia&#231;&#227;o do equil&#237;brio din&#226;mico e da mobilidade em pacientes idosos com ICFEp. Entretanto, antes que isso seja implementado na rotina cl&#237;nica, seus achados precisam ser fortalecidos em estudos futuros.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ack>
      <title>Agradecimentos</title>
      <p>O iBiMED &#233; uma unidade de pesquisa apoiada pela Funda&#231;&#227;o Portuguesa de Ci&#234;ncia e Tecnologia (REF: UID/BIM/04501/2020) e fundos FEDER / Compete2020.</p>
    </ack>
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          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Equil&#237;brio Din&#226;mico e Mobilidade Explicam a Qualidade de Vida na ICFEP, Superando Todos os Outros Componentes da Aptid&#227;o F&#237;sica</italic>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Time to Include Balance Training in the Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs of Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9094-1493</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Biomedicina (iBiMED) - Escola Superior de Sa&#250;de - Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Fernando Ribeiro &#8226; Universidade de Aveiro - Edif&#237;cio 30 Agras do Crasto - Campus Universit&#225;rio de Santiago. 3810-193, Aveiro &#8211; Portugal E-mail: fernando.ribeiro@ua.pt</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart Failure/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Rehabilitation</kwd>
        <kwd>Stroke Volume</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Output</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitalization</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The burden of heart failure exerts a significant personal, social and economic impact not only on patients and their families but also on society (including health care systems). Heart failure is a chronic, progressive condition affecting a huge amount of individuals worldwide (&gt;37.7 million cases estimated in 2010).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> It is characterized by typical symptoms (e.g. breathlessness and fatigue) that may be accompanied by signs (e.g. peripheral edema) caused by cardiac abnormalities &#8211; structural and/or functional &#8211;, resulting in reduced cardiac output and/or elevated intracardiac pressures at rest or during stress.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Heart failure has been categorized in heart failure with preserved (HFpEF), mid-range (HFmrEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) according to the left ventricular ejection fraction.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction has become an increasingly recognized phenotype; despite being primarily considered a condition that affects old-age individuals, it represents approximately half of all cases of heart failure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Despite the available pharmacological and device therapies, heart failure patients&#8217; prognosis, quality of life, and 5-year survival remain poor<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> and similar across all heart failure categories.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Heart failure is a frequent cause of hospitalization, especially in older adults.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Older adults with heart failure hospitalized for cardiovascular causes, namely acute decompensated heart failure, are usually frail and have a poor quality of life and severe impairments in several components of physical fitness including exercise capacity, muscle strength, balance and mobility.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> These impairments may help explain why the hospitalizations of patients with HFpEF are often related to non-cardiovascular causes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Lower physical fitness, namely balance and functional mobility impairments, and the use of some medications (e.g. digoxin) increases the risk of falling in old age patients with heart failure. It was reported not only an association between heart failure and increased fall risk but also a much higher fall rate (43%) in heart failure patients compared to patients with coronary artery disease (34%) or diabetes mellitus (28%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Physical fitness is a construct of health-related (body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, muscular endurance, power) and skill-related attributes (balance, agility, coordination, speed, reaction time) that refers to the ability of our body systems to work together efficiently. In this issue of the journal, Schmidt et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> explores this issue in an elderly (mean age 76 &#177; 6 years old) cohort of patients with HFpEF. The authors assessed the association between different components of physical fitness &#8211; exercise capacity, handgrip strength, dynamic balance and mobility, and body composition &#8211; and dimensions of quality of life of HFpEF patients. They also examined which physical fitness components were independently related to health-related quality of life. The authors carried out a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 24 patients (17 women and 7 men), 79% of them with a New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II (n=19) and only four patients (21%) with functional class III. They found a significant association between the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance (exercise capacity) and the score in the 8-foot up and go test (dynamic balance and mobility) with the total score and physical dimension score of the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (health-related quality of life), but only dynamic balance and mobility was concomitantly associated with the emotional dimension. Interestingly, only the performance in the 8-foot up and go test (dynamic balance and mobility) was associated with quality of life &#8211; total score, physical and emotional dimensions &#8211; after adjusting for age, gender and NYHA functional class. Those patients with better balance also reported enhanced quality of life. In this study, peak oxygen consumption during cardiopulmonary exercise test was not assessed, and it is therefore not possible to determine whether there is an association between a maximal or symptom-limited measure of exercise capacity and quality of life, as well as whether balance is still associated with quality of life when also controlling for peak oxygen consumption. Despite the small sample size predominantly composed by women (71%) with mild functional impairment and the convenience sampling, this study generated interesting data that can be used to inform future and larger studies in this area. A secondary analysis of the RELAX and NEAT-HFpEF Trials recently published,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> assessed sex differences in exercise capacity (6MWT) and quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire) in 323 patients with HFpEF (158 men and 165 women) and found different determinants of quality of life between women and men. Interestingly, quality of life was associated with diastolic dysfunction, ischemic heart disease, and exercise capacity in men, while in women-only body mass index and age predicted quality of life. Could dynamic balance and mobility be one of the determinants of quality of life in women with HFpEF? The study of Schmidt et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> shed some light on this issue, as they recruited a sample composed predominantly by women (71%), used the same tools to assess the quality of life and exercise capacity, and concluded that dynamic balance and mobility outperforms exercise capacity in capturing HFpEF patients&#8217; quality of life. Collectively, these findings reinforce the importance of carrying out studies in women with HFpEF to identify determinants of their quality of life.</p>
      <p>The high mortality, morbidity, cardiovascular and heart failure readmission rates, and health care use and costs associated with the increase in heart failure prevalence clearly signal the need to improve treatment strategies. The study of Schmidt et al<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> certainly leaves the reader with the feeling that there is an important aspect of HFpEF care that could be missing in old age patients. As an independent predictor of quality of life, should all old age patients be tested for dynamic balance and mobility? Balance deficits are potentially treatable, and identifying and treating such deficits may improve patients&#8217; quality of life. Further investigation with larger sample size is needed to strengthen or refute Schmidt et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> conclusions and help clinicians decide whether to test or not balance daily.</p>
      <p>The study of Schmidt et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> by suggesting dynamic balance and mobility as the most important determinant of quality of life (both physical and emotional dimensions), raises also another pertinent question: is it time to include balance training in the cardiac rehabilitation programs of patients with HFpEF? Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is a class 1A recommendation for heart failure patients;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> in patients with HFpEF the benefits are multi-dimensional, for instance, an exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program improves exercise capacity, diastolic function, and quality of life.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> Nonetheless, traditional cardiac rehabilitation programs do not fully address the multi-domain functional impairments common in older patients with HFpEF, particularly balance and functional mobility impairments. The response to the above-mentioned question could be given in studies assessing the impact of multi-domain cardiac rehabilitation programs designed to also improve balance and functional mobility (in addition to other goals such as improve exercise capacity) administered by a multi-disciplinary team; and, assessing whether a program encompassing specific balance and functional mobility exercises in addition to aerobic and resistance exercise is more effective to improve balance and quality of life, decrease the risk and rate of fall, and to reduce cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular hospitalizations.</p>
      <p>In summary, the current contribution by Schmidt et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> in this issue of ABC raises awareness and provides evidence to advocate assessing dynamic balance and mobility in old age patients with HFpEF. However, before this is implemented in clinical routine, their findings need to be strengthened in future studies.</p>
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        <title>Acknowledgments</title>
        <p>iBiMED is a research unit supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (REF: UID/BIM/04501/2020) and FEDER/ Compete2020 funds.</p>
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            <italic>Short editorial related to the article: Dynamic Balance and Mobility Explain Quality of Life in HFpEF, Outperforming All the Other Physical Fitness Components</italic>
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