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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">sW5dQs3FYCtFDdxxJtNvTDx</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2020000400690</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200163</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200163</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Galectina-3 na Pericardite Constritiva Cr&#244;nica: Informa&#231;&#245;es Precisas para o Bom M&#233;dico</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2284-8251</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Martins</surname>
            <given-names>Wolney de Andrade</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal Fluminense</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Medicina Cl&#237;nica</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Niter&#243;i</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Medicina Cl&#237;nica, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Complexo Hospitalar de Niter&#243;i</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Niter&#243;i</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Complexo Hospitalar de Niter&#243;i, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia:Wolney de Andrade Martins &#8226; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Medicina Cl&#237;nica &#8211; Rua Marques do Paran&#225;, 303, 6&#186; andar. CEP 24030215, Centro, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>wolney_martins@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>690</fpage>
      <lpage>691</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Galectina-3</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarcadores</kwd>
        <kwd>Pericardite Constritiva</kwd>
        <kwd>Peric&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Inflama&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomiopatia Restritiva</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="7"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A galectina-3 (Gal-3), que agora &#233; conhecida como um novo biomarcador, percorreu o caminho cient&#237;fico rigoroso da sua descoberta at&#233; a valida&#231;&#227;o. Estudos experimentais e cl&#237;nicos descreveram sua eleva&#231;&#227;o em diversas situa&#231;&#245;es, como tumores, insufici&#234;ncia renal e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Sua administra&#231;&#227;o causou fibrose mioc&#225;rdica e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC). Sua supress&#227;o ou inibi&#231;&#227;o gen&#233;tica impediu a fibrose e a remodelamento, ou seja, a rela&#231;&#227;o de causa e efeito foi comprovada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> N&#237;veis elevados de Gal-3 mostram um pior progn&#243;stico, pois preveem a morte s&#250;bita. A galectina-3 foi preditora independente no curto e m&#233;dio prazo de interna&#231;&#245;es e de mortalidade em pacientes com IC, principalmente naqueles com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada (ICFEP).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O biomarcador pode auxiliar o cl&#237;nico em seus impasses diagn&#243;sticos, na aferi&#231;&#227;o do progn&#243;stico e at&#233; na orienta&#231;&#227;o da terapia. A ICFEP &#233; um exemplo em que toda ajuda &#233; bem-vinda. M&#250;ltiplas comorbidades, quadros menos t&#237;picas, especialmente em idosos e obesos, podem ser confusas. A ICFEP &#233; uma das situa&#231;&#245;es em que a Gal-3 pode auxiliar muito na confirma&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Fernandes et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> apresentam um estudo de caso-controle no qual compararam 33 pacientes com pericardite constritiva cr&#244;nica (PCC), predominantemente idiop&#225;tica, com volunt&#225;rios saud&#225;veis. A justificativa era que a fibrose presente na PCC elevava os n&#237;veis de Gal-3 e isso estava relacionado a altera&#231;&#245;es morfol&#243;gicas e funcionais t&#237;picas da PCC. Houve confirma&#231;&#227;o do diagn&#243;stico de PCC por m&#233;todos de imagem, ecocardiografia e resson&#226;ncia card&#237;aca, al&#233;m de cir&#250;rgicos. Foi um estudo dif&#237;cil de realizar e somente foi poss&#237;vel em um centro de refer&#234;ncia. Os resultados foram negativos e h&#225; in&#250;meras explica&#231;&#245;es poss&#237;veis. Uma amostra seletiva de pacientes com PCC idiop&#225;tica &#233; indicada pelos autores. Sabemos que a pericardite tuberculosa, que &#233; de suma import&#226;ncia em &#225;reas onde a tuberculose &#233; end&#234;mica, tem um curso cl&#237;nico mais grave, com uma evolu&#231;&#227;o comum de fibrose e constri&#231;&#227;o. A pr&#243;pria Gal-3 tem limita&#231;&#245;es devido &#224; sua n&#227;o-especificidade. &#201; encontrada em processos inflamat&#243;rios e fibr&#243;ticos nos pulm&#245;es, rins, f&#237;gado, p&#226;ncreas, e em pacientes com c&#226;ncer, entre outros.</p>
    <p>Historicamente, buscou-se o diagn&#243;stico diferencial entre pericardite constritiva e cardiomiopatias restritivas atrav&#233;s de par&#226;metros cl&#237;nicos e laboratoriais. &#201; plaus&#237;vel supor que a Gal-3 deva ser maior na segunda situa&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, devido &#224; magnitude do envolvimento mioc&#225;rdico e intersticial. Em teoria, a Gal-3 tamb&#233;m poderia esclarecer qual extens&#227;o do quadro cl&#237;nico &#233; devida &#224; disfun&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica nas cardiomiopatias ou restri&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica na pericardite constritiva. Ou seja, ainda existem in&#250;meras perguntas sem respostas baseadas em evid&#234;ncias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Considerando um paciente com um quadro cl&#237;nico de insufici&#234;ncia ventricular direita ou na investiga&#231;&#227;o de ascites e valores &#8220;normais&#8221; de Gal-3, a publica&#231;&#227;o de Fernandes et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> permite inferir pontos a favor do diagn&#243;stico de PCC em detrimento de cardiomiopatias restritivas ou outras doen&#231;as.</p>
    <p>O estudo de Fernandes et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> nos trouxe a novidade da medida da Gal-3 em uma situa&#231;&#227;o muito espec&#237;fica, como a PCC. Isso mostrou claramente que n&#227;o houve aumento significativo da Gal-3 ou uma associa&#231;&#227;o com par&#226;metros morfol&#243;gicos ou funcionais. A qualidade da pesquisa de Fernandes et al., aqui publicada nos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, reside n&#227;o apenas em sua originalidade, mas tamb&#233;m em seus crit&#233;rios metodol&#243;gicos e rigor em rela&#231;&#227;o a suas conclus&#245;es. O presente estudo levanta novas quest&#245;es. Haveria uma diferen&#231;a entre as etiologias da PCC? Haveria aplicabilidade da Gal-3 na diferencia&#231;&#227;o com cardiomiopatias restritivas? E a utilidade das dosagens seriadas de Gal-3?</p>
    <p>Parafraseando o Dr. Alan Maisel, um renomado pesquisador de biomarcadores em cardiologia, &#8220;o biomarcador tornar&#225; o m&#233;dico ruim, pior e o bom m&#233;dico, melhor&#8221;.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Portanto, as informa&#231;&#245;es agora incorporadas na literatura pelos autores ser&#227;o muito &#250;teis para n&#243;s, desde que utilizadas dentro de um sentido cl&#237;nico cr&#237;tico.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Galectina-3 em Pacientes com Pericardite Constritiva Cr&#244;nica</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Galectin-3 in Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis: Accurate Information for the Good Doctor</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2284-8251</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Martins</surname>
            <given-names>Wolney de Andrade</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Medicina Cl&#237;nica, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Complexo Hospitalar de Niter&#243;i, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Wolney de Andrade Martins &#8226; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Medicina Cl&#237;nica &#8211; Rua Marques do Paran&#225;, 303, 6&#186; andar. Postal Code 24030215, Centro, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brazil E-mail: wolney_martins@hotmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Galectin-3</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarkers</kwd>
        <kwd>Pericarditis Constrictive</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive</kwd>
        <kwd>Pericardium</kwd>
        <kwd>Inflammation</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Galectin-3 (Gal-3), which is now known as a new biomarker, has traveled the rigorous scientific pathway from discovery to validation. Experimental and clinical studies described its elevation in several situations, such as tumors, renal failure and heart failure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Its administration caused myocardial fibrosis and heart failure (HF). Its genetic suppression or inhibition prevented fibrosis and remodeling, that is, the cause-and-effect relationship had been proven.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Elevated levels of Gal-3 show a worse prognosis, as they predict sudden death. Galectin-3 was an independent predictor in the short and medium term of hospitalizations and of mortality in patients with HF, especially those with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The biomarker can assist the clinician in their diagnostic dilemmas, in assessing the prognosis and even guiding the therapy. The HFpEF is an example of condition where all help is welcome. Multiple comorbidities, less typical conditions, especially in the elderly and obese, can be confusing. HFpEF is one of the situations where Gal-3 can greatly assist in diagnostic confirmation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Fernandes et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> present a case-control study in which they compared 33 patients with chronic constrictive pericarditis (CCP), predominantly idiopathic, with healthy volunteers. The rationale was that the fibrosis present in the CCP raised the levels of Gal-3, and this was related to the morphological and functional changes typical of CCP. There was confirmation of the diagnosis of CCP by imaging methods, echocardiography and cardiac resonance, as well as surgical ones. It was a difficult study to carry out and only possible in a reference center. The results were negative and there is a plethora of possible explanations. A selective sample of patients with idiopathic CCP is indicated by the authors. We know that tuberculous pericarditis, which is of paramount importance in areas where tuberculosis is endemic, has a more severe clinical course, with a common evolution to fibrosis and constriction. Gal-3 itself has limitations due to its non-specificity. It is found in inflammatory and fibrotic processes in the lungs, kidneys, liver, pancreas, and in cancer patients, among others.</p>
      <p>Historically, we sought to attain the differential diagnosis between constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathies through clinical and laboratory parameters. It is plausible to assume that Gal-3 should be higher in the second clinical situation, due to the magnitude of myocardial and interstitial involvement. Theoretically, Gal-3 could also provide us with how much the clinical picture is due to myocardial dysfunction in cardiomyopathies or diastolic restriction in constrictive pericarditis. That is, there are still countless questions without answers based on evidence.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Considering a patient with a clinical picture of right ventricular failure or during the investigation of ascites and &#8220;normal&#8221; Gal-3 values, the publication by Fernandes et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> allows us to infer points in favor of the diagnosis of CCP to the detriment of restrictive cardiomyopathies or other diseases.</p>
      <p>The study of Fernandes et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> brought us the novelty of Gal-3 measurement in a very specific situation such as the CCP. It clearly showed that there was no significant increase in Gal-3 or an association with morphological or functional parameters. The quality of the research of Fernandes et al., herein published in Arq Bras Cardiol., lies not only on its originality, but also on its methodological criteria and rigor regarding its conclusions. The present study raises new questions. Would there be a difference between the CCP etiologies? Would there be any applicability of Gal-3 in differentiation with restrictive cardiomyopathies? What about the usefulness of serial measurements of Gal-3?</p>
      <p>To paraphrase Dr. Alan Maisel, a renowned resercher of biomarkers in cardiology, &#8220;the biomarker will make the bad doctor worse and the good doctor better&#8221;.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Therefore, the information now incorporated into the literature by the authors will be very useful to us, provided it is used within a critical clinical sense.</p>
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            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Galectin-3 Levels in Patients with Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis</italic>
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