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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">ZQzWQvtBSqrVQRdHkdn6yHm</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2020000400636</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200204</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200204</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Resson&#226;ncia Nuclear Magn&#233;tica j&#225; &#233; um M&#233;todo Adequado para Avalia&#231;&#227;o dos Resultados da Abla&#231;&#227;o de FA?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3457-1605</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pisani</surname>
            <given-names>Cristiano F.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7327-2275</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Scanavacca</surname>
            <given-names>Mauricio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">FM</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">USP</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade Cl&#237;nica de Arritmia do Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da FM USP (HC-FMUSP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Cristiano F Pisani &#8226; Unidade Cl&#237;nica de Arritmia do Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da FM USP (HC-FMUSP) - Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 44. CEP 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil E-mail: <email>cristianopisani@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>636</fpage>
      <lpage>637</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Abla&#231;&#227;o por Cateter</kwd>
        <kwd>Complexos Atriais Prematuros</kwd>
        <kwd>Resson&#226;ncia Nuclear Magn&#233;tica/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Gadol&#237;neo</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O desconhecimento da fisiopatologia da fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) limitou por muito tempo o desenvolvimento de t&#233;cnicas intervencionistas para o seu tratamento. As demonstra&#231;&#245;es de que a FA parox&#237;stica era deflagrada por extrass&#237;stoles e taquicardias oriundas principalmente do interior das veias pulmonares iniciou uma nova era no tratamento da FA. Desde ent&#227;o, o isolamento el&#233;trico das veias pulmonares tornou-se o procedimento padr&#227;o na abla&#231;&#227;o da FA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A obten&#231;&#227;o do isolamento el&#233;trico dur&#225;vel das veias pulmonares tem sido o principal desafio t&#233;cnico entre os especialistas, vencido paulatinamente ao longo dos &#250;ltimos anos com a implementa&#231;&#227;o de novas tecnologias para abla&#231;&#227;o mais efetiva, pois a principal causa das recorr&#234;ncias observadas nesses pacientes s&#227;o as reconex&#245;es das veias previamente isoladas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O desafio tem sido maior nos pacientes com FA persistente devido a sua fisiopatologia mais complexa que envolve mecanismos adicionais pouco conhecidos, al&#233;m dos focos venosos pulmonares. Admite-se que as altera&#231;&#245;es metab&#243;licas induzidas pelo trabalho excessivo atrial durante os epis&#243;dios repetitivos de FA induzam, inicialmente, o remodelamento el&#233;trico atrial, caracterizado por altera&#231;&#245;es funcionais e transit&#243;rias dos canais i&#244;nicos das membranas celulares que modulam a atividade el&#233;trica atrial facilitando o aparecimento de focos deflagradores em outras regi&#245;es dos &#225;trios e condi&#231;&#245;es para maior persist&#234;ncia em FA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A repeti&#231;&#227;o e prolongamento da dura&#231;&#227;o da FA evolui para o remodelamento anat&#244;mico atrial, caracterizado por altera&#231;&#245;es celulares ultraestruturais que culminam com a morte celular e sua substitui&#231;&#227;o por fibrose, criando condi&#231;&#245;es definitivas para o desenvolvimento de mecanismos mais complexos que mant&#233;m a FA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Paralelamente, h&#225; altera&#231;&#227;o na atividade do sistema nervoso aut&#244;nomo atrial (remodelamento auton&#244;mico), outro fator facilitador para ocorr&#234;ncia de FA. Esse conjunto de efeitos predisp&#245;em &#224; manuten&#231;&#227;o da FA e geram uma condi&#231;&#227;o mais dif&#237;cil para a recupera&#231;&#227;o do ritmo sinusal est&#225;vel e permanente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Baseadas nessas informa&#231;&#245;es, v&#225;rias estrat&#233;gias t&#234;m sido investigadas adicionalmente ao isolamento das veias pulmonares, como o isolamento da veia cava superior, da parede posterior do &#225;trio esquerdo, do seio coron&#225;rio e do ap&#234;ndice atrial esquerdo, al&#233;m de cria&#231;&#227;o de linhas de bloqueio atrial para evitar taquicardias macrorreentrantes; tentativas de homogeneiza&#231;&#227;o de &#225;reas de tecido atrial doente e a modula&#231;&#227;o do sistema nervoso aut&#244;nomo atrial tamb&#233;m tem sido implementadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Todas essas estrat&#233;gias acabam criando cicatrizes que se n&#227;o forem homog&#234;neas criar&#227;o potenciais substratos para o surgimento de novas taquicardias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Assim como na avalia&#231;&#227;o do isolamento das veias pulmonares, a principal limita&#231;&#227;o para avalia&#231;&#227;o da efetividade desses procedimentos tem sido a aus&#234;ncia de m&#233;todos n&#227;o invasivos efetivos para avaliar a qualidade das les&#245;es realizadas no procedimento de abla&#231;&#227;o. At&#233; o momento, o estudo eletrofisiol&#243;gico invasivo tem sido o &#250;nico m&#233;todo capaz de demonstrar que o tecido submetido a abla&#231;&#227;o se transformou em tecido eletricamente inativo (cicatriz) eficaz no isolamento ou bloqueio da condu&#231;&#227;o el&#233;trica da &#225;rea de interesse.</p>
    <p>A resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica (RNM) do &#225;trio esquerdo (AE) com infus&#227;o de Gadol&#237;nio e an&#225;lise das &#225;reas de fibrose pelo realce tardio tem sido considerado o m&#233;todo n&#227;o invasivo mais promissor para avalia&#231;&#227;o da carga de cicatriz atrial dos pacientes antes da abla&#231;&#227;o, ao identificar pacientes com &#225;trios normais e com maior probabilidade de terem procedimentos efetivos, em rela&#231;&#227;o aqueles que j&#225; apresentam maior carga de fibrose e com alta probabilidade de recorr&#234;ncia de taquicardias atriais ap&#243;s o procedimento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Outro ponto interessante &#233; que pacientes que apresentam maior extens&#227;o de fibrose atrial apresentam maior risco de eventos emb&#243;licos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>J&#225; quando a RNM &#233; utilizada ap&#243;s a abla&#231;&#227;o, tem a capacidade para avaliar se as les&#245;es t&#233;rmicas promovidas pela abla&#231;&#227;o resultaram em cicatrizes definitivas e tamb&#233;m pode identificar as falhas na forma&#231;&#227;o da cicatriz ( <italic>gaps</italic> ), principais respons&#225;veis pelas recorr&#234;ncias ap&#243;s abla&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Nessa edi&#231;&#227;o dos ABC Correia et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> apresentam uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise dos estudos que avaliaram a extens&#227;o da fibrose atrial pela RNM ap&#243;s a abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter de pacientes com FA. A revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica incluiu oito estudos observacionais (seis com energia de radiofrequ&#234;ncia e dois com pacientes submetidos tamb&#233;m &#224; crioabla&#231;&#227;o por bal&#227;o). Desses, seis mostraram associa&#231;&#227;o da extens&#227;o de cicatriza&#231;&#227;o do AE a menor recorr&#234;ncia de FA ap&#243;s a abla&#231;&#227;o; e a metan&#225;lise que incluiu quatro estudos com 319 pacientes tamb&#233;m confirmou que a maior extens&#227;o de fibrose atrial ap&#243;s a abla&#231;&#227;o, associa-se a menor taxa de recorr&#234;ncia de arritmias atriais (diferen&#231;a m&#233;dia padr&#227;o = 0,52; IC 95% 0,27 &#8211; 0,76; p &lt; 0,0001).</p>
    <p>Esses dados s&#227;o compat&#237;veis com a expectativa de que os pacientes com maior taxa de isolamento das &#225;reas de interesse, apresentem maior extens&#227;o de fibrose ap&#243;s a abla&#231;&#227;o. Entretanto, o estudo n&#227;o deixa claro se o efeito ben&#233;fico foi devido a menor ocorr&#234;ncia de <italic>gaps</italic> nas les&#245;es criadas ou se foi devido a maior extens&#227;o da abla&#231;&#227;o, por exemplo, para outras &#225;reas como a parede posterior do AE ou septo atrial. Evid&#234;ncias atuais mostram que les&#245;es extensas e controladas utilizando as novas tecnologias que produzem les&#245;es mais efetivas e duradouras, com menos reconex&#245;es, seja com radiofrequ&#234;ncia<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> ou crioabla&#231;&#227;o<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> est&#227;o atualmente melhorando os resultados da abla&#231;&#227;o de FA.</p>
    <p>Portanto, esses resultados devem ser interpretados com cautela, pois a cria&#231;&#227;o de les&#245;es atriais extensas, n&#227;o homog&#234;neas podem inclusive promover maior recorr&#234;ncia de arritmias atriais, especialmente as taquicardias atriais cicatriciais que em algumas situa&#231;&#245;es podem at&#233; ser mais sintom&#225;ticas e de manejo mais complexo que a pr&#243;pria FA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Um complicador adicional &#233; a falta de estudos demonstrando a reprodutibilidade das an&#225;lises das &#225;reas de fibrose atrial quando utilizados diferentes m&#233;todos de avalia&#231;&#227;o das imagens seja com <italic>softwares</italic> dedicados para processamento autom&#225;tico das imagens ou n&#227;o. Nesse sentido, existem poucos estudos comparando as observa&#231;&#245;es obtidas com a RNM com os mapas eletroanat&#244;micos que efetivamente dirigem as abla&#231;&#245;es de FA no procedimento inicial e nas recorr&#234;ncias, inclusive com alguns casos sem boa concord&#226;ncia dos mapas com a cicatriz na RNM.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Concluindo, a despeito do grande potencial que as imagens obtidas pela RNM com realce tardio com gadol&#237;nio, estudos adicionais s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para comprovar sua reprodutibilidade e efetividade na identifica&#231;&#227;o da presen&#231;a e no reconhecimento das caracter&#237;sticas da fibrose atrial na sele&#231;&#227;o de pacientes que ser&#227;o submetidos a abla&#231;&#227;o de FA e naqueles que j&#225; a realizaram.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: A Extens&#227;o das Les&#245;es de Abla&#231;&#227;o no &#193;trio Esquerdo e a Recorr&#234;ncia de Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial ap&#243;s Abla&#231;&#227;o por Cateter &#8211; Uma Revis&#227;o Sistem&#225;tica e Metan&#225;lise</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Is Magnetic Resonance Imaging Already an Appropriate Method for Evaluating Patients after Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3457-1605</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pisani</surname>
            <given-names>Cristiano F.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7327-2275</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Scanavacca</surname>
            <given-names>Mauricio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade Cl&#237;nica de Arritmia do Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da FM USP (HC-FMUSP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Cristiano F Pisani &#8226; Unidade Cl&#237;nica de Arritmia do Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da FM USP (HC-FMUSP) - Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 44. Postal Code 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil E-mail: cristianopisani@gmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Atrial Fibrillation</kwd>
        <kwd>Catheter Ablation</kwd>
        <kwd>Atria Premature Complexes</kwd>
        <kwd>Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Gadolinium</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>For a long time, lack of knowledge regarding the physiopathology of atrial fibrillation (AF) limited the development of interventional techniques for treating it. Demonstrations that paroxysmal AF was triggered by extrasystoles and tachycardias mainly originating from inside the pulmonary veins ushered in a new era for treatment of AF. Since then, electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins has been the standard treatment for AF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Among specialists, achieving lasting electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins has been the main technical challenge, which has gradually been overcome in recent years with the implementation of new technology for more effective ablation, given that reconnections or previously isolated veins are the main cause of recurrences observed in these patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The challenge has been greater in patients with persistent AF, owing to its more complex physiopathology, which involves additional mechanisms that are little known, in addition to the pulmonary venous foci. It is known that metabolic alterations induced by excessive atrial work during repeated episodes of AF initially induce atrial electrical remodeling, characterized by functional and transient changes in ion channels of cell membranes that modulate atrial electrical activity, thus facilitating the appearance of trigger foci in other regions of the atria and conditions that favor increased persistence of AF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Repetition and prolonged duration of AF evolves to atrial anatomical remodeling, characterized by ultra-structural cellular changes that culminate in cellular death and substitution with fibrosis, creating definitive conditions for the development of more complex mechanisms that sustain AF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> In parallel, there are changes in the activity of the atrial autonomic nervous system (autonomic remodeling), which are another factor for the occurrence of AF. Taken together, these effects predispose to the maintenance of AF, and they generate a condition where it is more difficult to recover stable permanent sinus rhythm.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Based on this information, diverse strategies have been investigated in addition to the isolation of pulmonary veins, such as isolation of the superior vena cava, the posterior wall of the left atrium, the coronary sinus, and the left atrial appendage, as well as the creation of block lines in order to prevent macro-reentrant tachycardias; attempts have also been made to homogenize areas of diseased atrial tissue and to modulate the atrial autonomic nervous system.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> All of these strategies end up creating scars that will create potential substrates for the appearance of new tachycardias if they are not homogenous.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>As with the evaluation of pulmonary vein isolation, the main limitation when evaluating the effectiveness of these procedures has been the absence of effective non-invasive methods for evaluating the quality of scars induced during the ablation procedure. Thus far, invasive electrophysiological examination has been the only method capable of demonstrating that the tissue submitted to ablation has been transformed into electrically inactive tissue (scar), which is effective in isolating or blocking electrical conduction in the area of interest.</p>
      <p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the left atrium with gadolinium contrast and analysis of areas of fibrosis by late enhancement has been considered the most promising non-invasive method for assessing the atrial scar burden in patients before ablation, by identifying patients with normal atria and higher likelihood of having effective procedures, in relation to those who already have a higher fibrotic burden and a high likelihood of post-procedural recurrence of atrial tachycardias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Another interesting point is that patients who present greater extent of atrial fibrosis are at a higher risk of embolic events.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>When MRI is used after ablation, it is capable of evaluating whether thermal lesions caused by ablation resulted in definitive scarring, and it can also identify gaps in scar formation, which are primarily responsible for recurrences after ablation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this edition of <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> , Correia et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> present a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that have evaluated the extent of atrial fibrosis with MRI after catheter ablation in patients with AF. The systematic review includes eight observational studies (six with radiofrequency and two with patients also submitted to balloon cryoablation). Six of these studies showed an association between extent of left atrial scarring and lower recurrence of AF after ablation, and the meta-analysis, which included four studies with 319 patients, also confirmed that greater extent of atrial fibrosis after ablation is associated with lower rate of recurrence of atrial arrhythmias (standard mean difference = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.27 &#8211; 0.76; p &lt; 0.0001).</p>
      <p>These data are compatible with the expectation that patients with higher rates of isolation in areas of interest will present greater extent of fibrosis after ablation. However, the study does not make it clear whether this beneficial effect was due to a lower occurrence of gaps in the induced scars or whether it was due to greater extent of ablation, for example, in other areas such as the posterior wall of the left atrium or the atrial septum. Current evidence has shown that extensive scars controlled by new technology that produces more effective and more lasting scars, with fewer reconnections, either by radiofrequency<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> or by cryoablation,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> are currently improving the results of AF ablation.</p>
      <p>For this reason, these results should be interpreted cautiously, given that the creation of extensive atrial scarring that is not homogeneous may even lead to greater recurrence of atrial arrhythmias, especially in cases of scar-related atrial tachycardias, which, in some situations, may even be more symptomatic and complex to manage than AF itself.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>An additional complicating factor is the lack of studies demonstrating the reproducibility of analyses of areas of atrial fibrosis when different methods of image evaluation are used, whether or not they use special software for automatic image processing. Accordingly, there are few studies comparing the observations obtained by MRI with electroanatomical maps that effectively guide AF ablations in the initial procedure and in recurrences, including some cases where there was not good agreement between the maps and the scar on MRI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In conclusion, notwithstanding the great potential shown by images obtained by late gadolinium enhancement MRI, additional studies are necessary to prove its reproducibility and effectiveness for identifying and recognizing characteristics of atrial fibrosis, both during the selection of patients who will undergo AF ablation and in patients who have already undergone the procedure.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Extent of Left Atrial Ablation Lesions and Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence after Catheter Ablation &#8211; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
