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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">LbGTxbkwVYnnmQFxNhpbbyC</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2020000400625</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200183</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200183</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Minieditorial: O Polimorfismo Gen&#233;tico do Receptor Beta-Adren&#233;rgico Tipo 1 Ser49Gly &#233; Preditor de Morte em Pacientes Brasileiros com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9197-406X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira-Barretto</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiopneumologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">FMUSP</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiopneumologia da FMUSP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">HCFMUSP</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) do HCFMUSP - Servi&#231;o de Preven&#231;&#227;o e Reabilita&#231;&#227;o,S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Santa Marcelina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Santa Marcelina &#8211; Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Antonio Carlos Pereira-Barretto &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, Av &#201;neas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, Cerqueira Cesar, CEP 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, Brasil E-mail: <email>pereira.barretto@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>625</fpage>
      <lpage>626</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca/mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Progn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Polimorfismo Gen&#233;tico</kwd>
        <kwd>Sistema Renina Angiotensina</kwd>
        <kwd>Sistema Nervoso Simp&#225;tico</kwd>
        <kwd>Agonistas de Receptores Adren&#233;rgicos beta-1</kwd>
        <kwd>Agonistas de Receptores Adren&#233;rgicos beta-2</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC) &#233; uma doen&#231;a que evolui com elevada morbi/mortalidade. No entanto, n&#227;o s&#227;o todos os pacientes que evoluem mal. Os sintom&#225;ticos e aqueles que necessitaram ser hospitalizados para tratamento s&#227;o grupo de pior progn&#243;stico. A intensidade dos sintomas vem se mostrando um bom preditor progn&#243;stico. No entanto, em pacientes pouco sintom&#225;ticos temos capacidade muito mais limitada para identificar aqueles que ter&#227;o pior evolu&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No artigo &#8220;O Polimorfismo Gen&#233;tico do Receptor Beta-Adren&#233;rgico tipo 1 Ser49Gly &#233; Preditor de Morte em Pacientes Brasileiros com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca&#8221; nesta edi&#231;&#227;o, os autores discutem um tema atual, no qual mostram que a evolu&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes pelo menos em parte &#233; relacionada ao seu perfil gen&#233;tico, e que este perfil determina a intensidade da IC e o desenvolvimento dos sintomas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Na IC a estimula&#231;&#227;o neuro-hormonal tem papel fisiopatol&#243;gico importante, com os ensaios cl&#237;nicos multic&#234;ntricos documentando de maneira cabal que o bloqueio dos sistemas renina angiotensina aldosterona e simp&#225;tico hiperativados modificam a evolu&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a. E neste contexto o papel do sistema nervoso simp&#225;tico est&#225; bem estabelecido e possivelmente tem o papel de maior vil&#227;o na hist&#243;ria da IC. A resposta &#224; estimula&#231;&#227;o neuro-hormonal n&#227;o &#233; igual em todos os pacientes e o polimorfismo gen&#233;tico influencia esta resposta.</p>
    <p>A atividade simp&#225;tica &#233; mediada pelos receptores beta-adren&#233;rgicos do tipo 1 e tipo 2.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Tem-se avaliado o polimorfismo gen&#233;tico destes receptores e a atividade simp&#225;tica difere conforme este polimorfismo. Para o receptor beta-1 dois polimorfismos t&#234;m sido mais estudados: o Ser19Gly e o Arg389Gly e para o receptor beta-2 tamb&#233;m dois: Gly16Arg e Gln27Glu.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O polimorfismo dos receptores beta-1 tem mostrado ter papel na incid&#234;ncia de IC, na resposta aos betabloqueadores, nos desfechos ecocardiogr&#225;ficos, na capacidade funcional, na incid&#234;ncia de arritmia card&#237;aca e na evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica dos pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> No entanto, a maioria dos estudos foi realizado com popula&#231;&#227;o pequena e os resultados n&#227;o tem mostrado resultados homog&#234;neos, mas permitiu verificar que a constitui&#231;&#227;o gen&#233;tica determina a evolu&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes, inclusive a reposta ao tratamento.</p>
    <p>Podemos verificar isto, em rela&#231;&#227;o ao polimorfismo do receptor beta-2, quando no estudo FAST-Carvedilol. Na avalia&#231;&#227;o da sobrevida podemos documentar que analisando os pacientes considerando o polimorfismo, avaliando os gen&#243;tipos DD-ID e II, que os portadores do polimorfismo II tiveram maior mortalidade do que as variantes DD e ID. Mas, o resultado mais interessante foi que estes pacientes II, quando receberam dose de carvedilol otimizada (&gt;50% da dose alvo), apresentaram expressiva redu&#231;&#227;o de mortalidade, enquanto nos portadores das variantes DD e ID a dose n&#227;o modificou a evolu&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Como resultado do estudo observamos que o grupo II tratado com dose baixa de carvedilol apresentou chance 6 vezes maior de morrer do que o grupo que recebeu dose otimizada de carvedilol.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Na mesma linha de pesquisa, no estudo MERIT-HF, analisando polimorfismo dos receptores Beta-1 observou-se que havia pacientes recebendo doses elevadas de betabloqueador que n&#227;o respondiam ao tratamento, ao lado de outros que apresentavam melhora importante.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> No estudo BEST o polimorfismo gen&#233;tico foi imputado na falta de resposta ao betabloqueador bucindolol. Este foi um dos poucos estudos multic&#234;ntricos com n&#250;mero expressivo de pacientes que analisou prospectivamente o papel do polimorfismo na resposta terap&#234;utica de um betabloqueador. O polimorfismo foi analisado neste ensaio multic&#234;ntrico com mais de 1.000 pacientes e mostrou que os pacientes com o polimorfismo selvagem Gly389 do receptor beta-1 n&#227;o responderam ao tratamento com bucindolol. Por outro lado, aqueles sem este polimorfismo tiveram redu&#231;&#227;o de mortalidade com o bucindolol.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Os pesquisadores consideram que os dados sobre o polimorfismo n&#227;o s&#227;o sempre concordantes e que no momento &#233; melhor n&#227;o utilizar esta ferramenta para orientar o tratamento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Mas, seu papel na evolu&#231;&#227;o dos portadores de IC continua nos enriquecendo de informa&#231;&#245;es permitindo um melhor entendimento desta complexa s&#237;ndrome. Os estudos v&#234;m mostrando que a resposta do sistema adren&#233;rgico mediada pelas variantes gen&#233;ticas dos adrenorreceptores centrais ou perif&#233;ricos tem papel na fisiologia da IC. Como j&#225; apresentado essa variabilidade interindividual modifica inclusive o progn&#243;stico da IC, com alguns pacientes apresentando mais eventos card&#237;acos a despeito da estabilidade cl&#237;nica moderada disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular e preservada capacidade de exerc&#237;cio. Inversamente, outros, classificados clinicamente como portadores de IC avan&#231;ada, evoluem com uma prolongada e n&#227;o esperada sobrevida. E que os dados mostraram que parte das diferen&#231;as percebidas na efic&#225;cia dos betabloqueadores, bem como a variabilidade de respostas a estes, podem ser atribu&#237;das a algumas varia&#231;&#245;es gen&#233;ticas que afetam os receptores beta e suas vias de sinaliza&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No Brasil o polimorfismo dos receptores beta-1 foi objeto de estudo no Rio de Janeiro e no Rio Grande do Sul.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No estudo objeto deste minieditorial, os autores destacam que o receptor card&#237;aco beta-adren&#233;rgico do tipo 1 (R&#946;1) &#233; a principal estrutura respons&#225;vel por mediar os efeitos da adrenalina e que a estimula&#231;&#227;o sustentada desse sistema promove m&#250;ltiplos efeitos delet&#233;rios, destacando-se a cardiotoxicidade. As variantes gen&#233;ticas est&#227;o associadas a diferente atividade desse receptor. Os autores estudaram o polimorfismo gen&#233;tico identificado na posi&#231;&#227;o 145 do nucleot&#237;deo, na qual a serina &#233; substitu&#237;da pela glicina na posi&#231;&#227;o 49 (R&#946;1-Ser49Gly).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Este trabalho descreve, em popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira, a rela&#231;&#227;o entre os gen&#243;tipos do polimorfismo gen&#233;tico do receptor beta1 &#8211; Ser49Gly e a evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica em 178 pacientes com IC, com seguimento m&#233;dio de 6,7 anos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Trata-se de trabalho com genotipagem do Ser49Gly no contexto da IC com maior tempo de seguimento j&#225; publicado. Seu principal achado foi a associa&#231;&#227;o do polimorfismo gen&#233;tico Gly-Gly com um efeito protetor para desfechos cl&#237;nicos, com melhor evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica avaliada pela classe funcional NYHA e menor risco de morte. O maior tempo de seguimento permitiu avaliar melhor os aspectos evolutivos da IC e verificar que alelo Gly est&#225; associado a melhor evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica; no entanto, observou-se uma potencial influ&#234;ncia da etnia sobre esses gen&#243;tipos, invertendo esse comportamento benigno em algumas popula&#231;&#245;es. Ponto importante foi permitir avaliar progn&#243;stico em pacientes pouco sintom&#225;ticos, ampliando a acuidade da avalia&#231;&#227;o progn&#243;stica tamb&#233;m para esses pacientes.</p>
    <p>Quanto ao progn&#243;stico os resultados deste estudo foram semelhantes aos obtidos no trabalho do Rio Grande do Sul,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> agregando importante contribui&#231;&#227;o ao identificar que pacientes com o perfil Gly-Gly, menos frequente, permaneceram pouco sintom&#225;ticos durante todo o seguimento, identificando desta forma grupo de pacientes com menor potencial evolutivo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No entanto, deve-se ressaltar que a amostra testada &#233; pequena e estudos confirmat&#243;rios s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para a verifica&#231;&#227;o dessa hip&#243;tese, no intuito de mostrar se as variantes gen&#233;ticas dos receptores beta-adren&#233;rgicos podem ajudar a identificar os pacientes com IC que ir&#227;o ter menor progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a e se ser&#227;o mais responsivos aos betabloqueadores e, como consequ&#234;ncia, uma melhor evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica.</p>
    <p>Os resultados permitem supor que, no futuro, antes de iniciarmos um tratamento com bloqueador neuro-hormonal ou betabloqueador, ser&#225; indicado identificar o perfil gen&#233;tico e prescrever os medicamentos somente para os responsivos.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial: O Polimorfismo Gen&#233;tico do Receptor Beta-Adren&#233;rgico Tipo 1 Ser49Gly &#233; Preditor de Morte em Pacientes Brasileiros com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Short Editorial: Ser49Gly Beta1-adrenergic Receptor Genetic Polymorphism as a Death Predictor in Brazilian Patients with Heart Failure</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9197-406X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira-Barretto</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiopneumologia da FMUSP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) do HCFMUSP - Servi&#231;o de Preven&#231;&#227;o e Reabilita&#231;&#227;o, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Santa Marcelina &#8211; Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Antonio Carlos Pereira-Barretto &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, Av &#201;neas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, Cerqueira Cesar, Postal Code 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo - Brazil E-mail: pereira.barretto@incor.usp.br</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart Failure/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure/mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Prognosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Genetic,Polymorphism</kwd>
        <kwd>Sympathetic Nervous System</kwd>
        <kwd>Adrenergic beta-1</kwd>
        <kwd>Receptor Agonists</kwd>
        <kwd>Adrenergic beta-2</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Heart failure (HF) is a disease that develops into high morbidity/mortality. However, not all patients have a bad evolution. Symptomatic patients and those who require hospitalization for treatment comprise the group with the worst prognosis. Symptom intensity has shown to be a good predictor of prognosis. However, in less symptomatic patients, we have a much more limited capacity to identify those who will have a worse evolution.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In the article &#8220;Ser49Gly Beta1-adrenergic Receptor Genetic Polymorphism as a Death Predictor in Brazilian Patients with Heart Failure&#8221;, published in this issue, the authors discuss a current topic, in which they show that patient evolution is, at least in part, related to their genetic profile, and that this profile determines the intensity of HF and symptom development.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Neurohormonal stimulation has an important pathophysiological role in HF, and multicentric clinical trials have fully documented that the blockade of the overactivated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic systems modifies the disease evolution. And in this context, the role of the sympathetic nervous system is well established and possibly has the role of the greatest villain in the history of HF. The response to neurohormonal stimulation is not the same in all patients and the genetic polymorphism influences this response.</p>
      <p>The sympathetic activity is mediated by type 1 and type 2 beta-adrenergic receptors.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> The genetic polymorphism of these receptors has been evaluated and the sympathetic activity differs according to the polymorphism. For the beta-1 receptor, two polymorphisms have been more frequently studied: Ser19Gly and Arg389Gly and for the beta-2receptor, also two polymorphisms: Gly16Arg and Gln27Glu.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The beta-1 receptor polymorphism has been shown to play a role in the incidence of HF, response to beta-blockers, echocardiographic outcomes, functional capacity, incidence of cardiac arrhythmia and the clinical evolution of patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> However, most studies were carried out with small populations and the outcomes have not shown homogeneous results, although it has been possible to verify that the genetic constitution determines patient evolution, including treatment response.</p>
      <p>One can verify this fact, in relation to the beta-2 receptor polymorphism, in the FAST-Carvedilol study. When assessing survival, one can document that by analyzing patients considering the polymorphism, evaluating the DD-ID and II genotypes, the carriers of the polymorphism II had higher mortality than the DD and ID variants. However, the most interesting result was that patients II, when they received an optimized dose of carvedilol (&gt; 50% of the target dose), showed a significant reduction in mortality, while in patients with the DD and ID variants, the dose did not change the evolution.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> As the study result, we observed that group II treated with a low dose of carvedilol had a 6-fold greater chance of dying than the group that received an optimized dose of carvedilol.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In the same line of research, in the MERIT-HF study, when analyzing the Beta-1 receptor polymorphism, it was observed that there were patients receiving high doses of beta-blockers who did not respond to treatment, whereas others showed significant improvement.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> In the BEST study, the genetic polymorphism was associated to the lack of response to the beta-blocker bucindolol. This was one of the few multicenter studies with a significant number of patients that prospectively analyzed the role of the polymorphism in the therapeutic response to a beta-blocker. The polymorphism was analyzed in this multicenter trial with more than 1,000 patients and showed that patients with the wild beta-1 receptor Gly389 polymorphism did not respond to treatment with bucindolol. On the other hand, those without this polymorphism had reduced mortality with bucindolol.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> The researchers consider that the data on the polymorphism are not always consistent and that at the moment it is better not to use this tool to guide treatment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>However, its role in the evolution of HF patients continues to supply us with information, allowing a better understanding of this complex syndrome. The studies have shown that the adrenergic system response mediated by the genetic variants of central or peripheral adrenoceptors has a role in the physiology of HF. As already shown, this inter-individual variability even changes the prognosis of HF, with some patients showing more cardiac events despite the moderate clinical stability of ventricular dysfunction and preserved exercise capacity. Conversely, others, clinically classified as having advanced HF, evolve with a prolonged and unexpected survival. Moreover, the data showed that part of the perceived differences in the effectiveness of beta-blockers, as well as the variability of responses to the latter can be attributed to some genetic variations that affect beta receptors and their signaling pathways.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In Brazil, the beta-1 receptor polymorphism has been studied in Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In the study discussed in this short editorial, the authors emphasize that the cardiac beta-1 adrenergic receptor (R&#946;1) is the main structure responsible for mediating the effects of adrenaline and that the sustained stimulation of this system results in multiple deleterious effects, especially cardiotoxicity. Genetic variants are associated with different activities of this receptor. The authors studied the genetic polymorphism identified at position 145 of the nucleotide, in which serine is replaced by glycine at position 49 (R&#946;1-Ser49Gly).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>This study describes, in a Brazilian population, the association between the genotypes of the Ser49Gly Beta1-adrenergic Receptor Genetic Polymorphism and the clinical evolution in 178 patients with HF, with a mean follow-up of 6.7 years.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> This is a study with Ser49Gly genotyping in the context of HF with the longest follow-up time ever published. Its main finding was the association of the Gly-Gly genetic polymorphism with a protective effect for clinical outcomes, with better clinical evolution assessed by NYHA functional class and lower risk of death. The longer follow-up allowed us to better assess the HF evolution aspects and to verify that the Gly allele is associated with better clinical evolution; however, there was a potential influence of ethnicity on these genotypes, reversing this benign behavior in some populations. An important point was to allow the assessment of prognosis in little symptomatic patients, increasing the accuracy of the prognostic evaluation for these patients, as well.</p>
      <p>As for the prognosis, the results of this study were similar to those obtained in the study carried out in Rio Grande do Sul,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> adding an important contribution by identifying that patients with the Gly-Gly profile, which is less frequent, remained little symptomatic throughout the follow-up, thus identifying a group of patients with lower evolution potential.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>However, it should be noted that the assessed sample is small and confirmatory studies are necessary to verify this hypothesis, aiming to show whether the genetic variants of beta-adrenergic receptors can help to identify patients with HF who will have a lower disease progression and whether they will be more responsive to beta-blockers and, as a consequence, have a better clinical evolution.</p>
      <p>The results allow us to suppose that, in the future, before starting a treatment with neurohormonal blockers or beta-blockers, the genetic profile will be identified, and medications will be prescribed only to those who are responsive to them.</p>
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            <italic>Short Editorial: Ser49Gly Beta1-adrenergic Receptor Genetic Polymorphism as a Death Predictor in Brazilian Patients with Heart Failure</italic>
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