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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">8SbXnGtmZLZVMRjZxPnQMBz</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2020000300538</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200031</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200031</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Circunfer&#234;ncia da Cintura, uma Medida Simples para a Obesidade Infantil?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7235-9467</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Aranha</surname>
            <given-names>Luciana Nicolau</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0737-6188</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira &#8226; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro &#8211; R. Prof. Rodolpho P. Rocco, 255 &#8211; 8&#176;. Andar &#8211; Sala 6, UFRJ. CEP 21941-913, Cidade Universit&#225;ria, RJ &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>glauciam@cardiol.br</email>, <email>glauciamoraesoliveira@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>06</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <season>May-Jun</season>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>538</fpage>
      <lpage>539</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Crian&#231;a</kwd>
        <kwd>Adolescente</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesidade Infantil</kwd>
        <kwd>Sobrepeso</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Pesos e Medidas Corporais</kwd>
        <kwd>Press&#227;o Arterial</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A obesidade infantil continua aumentando em todas as regi&#245;es do mundo, sendo considerada um dos grandes desafios de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica. A preval&#234;ncia aumentou de menos de 1% em 1975 para 5,6% em meninas e 7,8% em meninos em 2016.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> No Brasil, os dados tamb&#233;m s&#227;o preocupantes, uma vez que no &#250;ltimo levantamento oficial realizado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat&#237;stica (IBGE), constatou-se que entre 2008 e 2009, 51,4% dos meninos e 43,8% das meninas com idade entre 5 a 9 anos apresentavam sobrepeso ou obesidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Crian&#231;as e adolescentes com obesidade t&#234;m cinco vezes mais chances de serem obesos quando adultos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Al&#233;m do mais, a obesidade na inf&#226;ncia est&#225; associada com a eleva&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial, resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia e com o aumento da morbimortalidade cardiovascular na idade adulta.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Por isso, &#233; importante identificar o excesso de gordura corporal nesta popula&#231;&#227;o e criar estrat&#233;gias para prevenir o desenvolvimento de doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas no futuro.</p>
    <p>Com o objetivo de detectar crian&#231;as e adolescentes com risco cardiometab&#243;lico, sugeriu-se o uso de indicadores antropom&#233;tricos como ferramentas de triagem epidemiol&#243;gica, uma vez que s&#227;o m&#233;todos n&#227;o invasivos, de baixo custo e de f&#225;cil aplica&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> A circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura (CC) por exemplo, &#233; um indicador de adiposidade central relacionada a complica&#231;&#245;es metab&#243;licas da obesidade na popula&#231;&#227;o pedi&#225;trica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Por&#233;m, ainda n&#227;o existem pontos de corte de CC padronizados para classifica&#231;&#227;o de adiposidade abdominal em crian&#231;as e adolescentes, o que torna o seu uso limitado.</p>
    <p>Estudos descrevendo valores de percentis para CC t&#234;m apresentado resultados diferentes, uma vez que os valores de CC podem ser influenciados por idade, sexo e grupos &#233;tnicos,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> dificultando o estabelecimento de valores de refer&#234;ncia globais para essa medida antropom&#233;trica.</p>
    <p>Na edi&#231;&#227;o atual dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Santos et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> publicaram estudo longitudinal, realizado com 22.000 crian&#231;as (11.199 meninos) com idades entre 6 e 10 anos de idades, matriculadas em escolas p&#250;blicas e particulares de 13 cidades do estado de S&#227;o Paulo. Os autores apresentaram curvas de refer&#234;ncia da CC espec&#237;ficas para idade e sexo e pontos de corte para identificar crian&#231;as com risco de obesidade. Os autores descreveram que aproximadamente 30% das crian&#231;as apresentaram excesso de gordura, sendo classificados com sobrepeso ou obesidade, conforme o &#237;ndice de massa corporal. As an&#225;lises da curva ROC mostraram o percentil 75 como ponto de corte ideal para risco de sobrepeso e obesidade e que a obesidade &#233; claramente diagnosticada nas crian&#231;as com a CC classificada a partir do percentil 85.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Ao comparar as curvas da CC (percentil 50) com os resultados de um estudo brasileiro realizado com 2919 escolares com idade entre 7 a 10 anos em 2007,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> na cidade de Florian&#243;polis, Santos et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> observaram que as curvas atuais de percentis foram mais elevadas, chegando a um aumento de 4,0 cm nas meninas aos 10 anos de idade. Diferen&#231;as metodol&#243;gicas podem explicar estes valores discrepantes, embora os autores de ambos os estudos utilizaram a mesma metodologia para a aferi&#231;&#227;o da CC. No entanto, a popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira tem um alto grau de miscigena&#231;&#227;o e, como citado acima, os valores de CC podem ser influenciados pela etnia, o que poderia explicar a diferen&#231;a desses resultados.</p>
    <p>Como mencionado, poucos estudos no Brasil descreveram valores de ponto de corte da CC em uma grande amostra com v&#225;rios grupos et&#225;rios, o que justifica a import&#226;ncia dessas investiga&#231;&#245;es para a literatura cient&#237;fica. Por&#233;m, como os pr&#243;prios autores relataram como limita&#231;&#227;o, os valores das curvas de percentis foram determinados com base em uma amostra de crian&#231;as do estado de S&#227;o Paulo, sendo aconselh&#225;vel para a generaliza&#231;&#227;o dos resultados, utilizar amostras representativas de todos os estados do Brasil. Al&#233;m disso, os valores propostos precisar&#227;o ser validados em outra popula&#231;&#227;o com caracter&#237;sticas semelhantes.</p>
    <p>Recentemente, Xi et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> propuseram pontos de cortes internacionais de CC espec&#237;ficos por idade e sexo para definir obesidade central, com base em dados de 113.453 crian&#231;as e adolescentes, com idades entre 4 e 20 anos, de oito pa&#237;ses de diferentes regi&#245;es: Bulg&#225;ria, China, Ir&#227;, Cor&#233;ia, Mal&#225;sia, Pol&#244;nia, Seychelles e Su&#237;&#231;a. Os autores estabeleceram o percentil 90 como ponto de corte para identificar a obesidade central nessa popula&#231;&#227;o, e verificaram que esse percentil em crian&#231;as com peso normal teve um bom desempenho para prever o risco cardiovascular, sugerindo que possa ser &#250;til para avaliar a adiposidade abdominal em crian&#231;as e adolescentes em diferentes pa&#237;ses.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Os Percentis e Pontos de Corte da Circunfer&#234;ncia Abdominal para Obesidade em uma Ampla Amostra de Estudantes de 6 a 10 Anos de Idade do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo, Brasil </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Waist Circumference: A Simple Measure for Childhood Obesity?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7235-9467</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Aranha</surname>
            <given-names>Luciana Nicolau</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0737-6188</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> Mailing Address: Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira &#8226; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro &#8211; R. Prof. Rodolpho P. Rocco, 255 &#8211; 8&#176;. Andar &#8211; Sala 6, UFRJ. Postal Code 21941-913, Cidade Universit&#225;ria, RJ &#8211; Brazil E-mail: glauciam@cardiol.br, glauciamoraesoliveira@gmail.com </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Child</kwd>
        <kwd>Adolescent</kwd>
        <kwd>Pediatric Obesity</kwd>
        <kwd>Overweight</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Body Weights and Measures</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Childhood obesity has been increasing all over the world and considered one of the major challenges in public health. The prevalence increased from less than 1% in 1975 to 5.6% and 7.8% among girls and boys, respectively, in 2016.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> No less worrying are the recent data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) showing that in 2008-2009, 51.4% of boys and 43.8% of girls aged between 5 and 9 years were overweight or obese.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Obese children and adolescents are five times more likely to become obese adults.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Besides, childhood obesity has been associated with hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and increased morbidity and mortality in adult life.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Therefore, it is important to screen for excess body fat in this population and create strategies to prevent the development of chronic diseases in the future.</p>
      <p>Anthropometric indicators have been suggested as epidemiological screening tools to detect children and adolescents with high cardiometabolic risk, because of their non-invasiveness, low cost, and easy application.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Waist circumference (WC), for example, is an indicator of central adiposity associated with metabolic complications of obesity in the pediatric population.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> However, the cut-off points of WC for classification of abdominal adiposity in children and adolescents have not been established yet, which limits its use.</p>
      <p>Studies describing percentile values of WC have reported different results; WC measurements may be affected by age, sex and ethnicity,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> which makes the establishment of global reference values difficult.</p>
      <p>In the current issue of Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Santos et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> published a longitudinal study with 22,000 children (11,199 boys) aged between 6 and 10 years, attending public and private schools of 13 cities in Sao Paulo state. The authors presented WC reference curves for age and sex and cut-off points to identify children at risk for obesity. The authors described that approximately 30% of the children had excess body fat and classified as overweight according to body mass index. ROC curve analysis revealed that the 75th percentile was the optimal cut-off point for overweight and obesity, and that obesity was easily diagnosed among children with WC values above the 85th percentile.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>When the WC curves (50th percentile) were compared with results of another Brazilian study with 2,919 students aged 7 to 10 years carried out in Florianopolis, Brazil, in 2007,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Santos et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> observed that the current percentile curves are higher, with an increase of up to 4.0 cm among girls at the age of 10. These discrepancies may be explained by methodological differences, although the method used for WC measurements was the same in both studies. However, it is known that the Brazilian population is highly mixed and, as above mentioned, WC can be influenced by ethnicity, which may explain the difference between the results.</p>
      <p>Again, few studies have addressed cut-off values for WC in a large population including different ethnical groups in Brazil, which reinforces the importance of these investigations to contribute to the scientific literature. However, as the authors mentioned as limitation of the study, the percentiles curves were established based a sample of children in the State of Sao Paulo, and hence it is advisable that representative samples of all geographic regions of the country be studies for generalization of results. Besides, the values proposed need to be validated in other populations with similar characteristics.</p>
      <p>Recently, Xi et al.<sup>14</sup> proposed international WC percentile cut-off points, specific for age and sex, to define central obesity based on data of 113,453 children and adolescents aged 4-20 years from eight countries in different regions (Bulgaria, China, Iran, Korea, Malaysia, Poland, Seychelles, and Switzerland). The 90th percentile was established as WC cut-offs to detect central obesity in this population, with good performance in predicting cardiovascular risk in normal weight children and was suggested to be used in the assessment of abdominal adiposity in children and adolescents in different countries.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Waist Circumference Percentiles and Cut-Off Values for Obesity in a Large Sample of Students from 6 To 10 Years Old Of The S&#227;o Paulo State, Brazil </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
