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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">mncTz9NprQGzPx5hFmxh4gm</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2020000200243</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20190884</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>DNA Damage in Chronic Heart Failure: Consequences Beyond those in the Heart</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8493-5329</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Corr&#234;a</surname>
            <given-names>Camila Renata</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Garcia</surname>
            <given-names>J&#233;ssica Leite</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual Paulista J&#250;lio de Mesquita Filho</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Patologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>Botucatu</city>
            <state>SP</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Estadual Paulista J&#250;lio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Botucatu, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Camila Renata Corr&#234;a,</bold> Universidade Estadual Paulista J&#250;lio de Mesquita Filho, Campus de Botucatu, Patologia. Av. Prof. M&#225;rio Rubens Guimar&#227;es Montenegro, s/n, Botucatu, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>correa.camila9@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>243</fpage>
      <lpage>244</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>DNA/genetics</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Tissue Distribution</kwd>
        <kwd>Oxidative Stress</kwd>
        <kwd>Rats Inbread</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Chronic heart failure (CHF) affects approximately 1% to 2% of the population of developed countries and its prevalence increases approximately 1% in individuals aged 55 to 64 years and up to 17.4% in individuals aged 85 years and over.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> CHF is a complex disease with multiple causes and myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause. It is characterized by structural or functional cardiac alterations, affecting the ventilatory mechanics that impairs the oxygen uptake and supply to the systems, inducing oxidative stress.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></p>
    <p>Oxidative stress, also currently called redox imbalance,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> is known to be associated with the development of several pathologies, either as a trigger or consequence. The biological system of redox reactions may break out of its equilibrium status when the formation of oxidizing species overcomes the antioxidant defense. This scenario favors the oxidation of biomolecules (lipids, proteins, DNA) resulting in their structural and functional damage, that is, contributing to significant pathological outcomes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></p>
    <p>The research published in this issue of the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> aimed at evaluating DNA damage in different tissues, such as the left ventricle, lungs and skeletal muscles (diaphragm, gastrocnemius and soleus) in rats submitted to MI to induce CHF.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> The authors' interest in assessing the influence of this pathology on other tissues is very relevant, as it shows the consequences of this condition on organs other than the heart. The indicator evaluated in this study was the DNA, a biomolecule vulnerable to several agents that can cause damage.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Under normal conditions, approximately 99% of DNA damage can be repaired, but approximately 1% can remain in the cell genome.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Unrepaired DNA damage can result in loss of genetic information, or interference with transcription and replication, therefore being deleterious to the organism.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Another important aspect is that DNA damage may induce mutations<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> that may be linked to several diseases, including cancer.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Thus, DNA damage detection is an important element in studies related to disease development.</p>
    <p>The study shows that DNA damage was remarkably higher in all organs evaluated in the CHF group, probably justified by the hyperfusion at these sites, which generated a prooxidative state that is toxic to this biomolecule. Although this study analyzed global DNA damage, which may be generated for reasons other than oxidative ones, human studies have already shown the presence of O8-OHdG, a product generated by purine oxidation, in the plasma of patients with CHF, confirming that this disease causes oxidative DNA damage.</p>
    <p>Therefore, the results of the present study confirm that there are consequences in different organs resulting from CHF and that investigations should be carried out to minimize future complications.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Quantification of DNA Damage in Different Tissues in Rats with Heart Failure</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O Dano ao DNA na Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Cr&#244;nica: Consequ&#234;ncias Al&#233;m do Cora&#231;&#227;o</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Corr&#234;a</surname>
            <given-names>Camila Renata</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Garcia</surname>
            <given-names>J&#233;ssica Leite</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Estadual Paulista J&#250;lio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Botucatu, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Camila Renata Corr&#234;a,</bold> Universidade Estadual Paulista J&#250;lio de Mesquita Filho, Campus de Botucatu, Patologia. Av. Prof. M&#225;rio Rubens Guimar&#227;es Montenegro, s/n, Botucatu, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>correa.camila9@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>DNA/gen&#233;tica Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Estresse Oxidativo</kwd>
        <kwd>Distribui&#231;&#227;o Tecidual</kwd>
        <kwd>Ratos Endog&#226;micos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca cr&#244;nica (ICC) afeta aproximadamente 1 a 2% da popula&#231;&#227;o de pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos e sua preval&#234;ncia aumenta aproximadamente 1% em indiv&#237;duos com idade entre 55 e 64 anos e at&#233; 17,4% em indiv&#237;duos com idade maior ou igual a 85 anos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> A ICC &#233; uma patologia complexa, com m&#250;ltiplas causas. O infarto do mioc&#225;rdio (IM) figura como a mais comum de suas etiologias. &#201; caracterizada por altera&#231;&#245;es estruturais ou funcionais card&#237;acas que afetam a mec&#226;nica ventilat&#243;ria, prejudicando a capta&#231;&#227;o e o suprimento de oxig&#234;nio aos sistemas e induzindo o estresse oxidativo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></p>
      <p>O estresse oxidativo, tamb&#233;m nomeado atualmente como desequil&#237;brio redox,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> &#233; conhecidamente uma condi&#231;&#227;o associada ao desenvolvimento de diversas patologias, seja como gatilho ou consequ&#234;ncia. O sistema biol&#243;gico de rea&#231;&#245;es de oxirredu&#231;&#227;o pode sair de seu estado de equil&#237;brio quando a forma&#231;&#227;o das esp&#233;cies oxidantes supera a defesa antioxidante. Esse cen&#225;rio favorece a oxida&#231;&#227;o de biomol&#233;culas (lip&#237;dios, prote&#237;nas, DNA), resultando em dano estrutural e funcional das mesmas, ou seja, contribuindo para desfechos patol&#243;gicos significativos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></p>
      <p>A pesquisa publicada neste n&#250;mero dos <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> teve como objetivo avaliar o dano ao DNA em diferentes tecidos, como o ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, os pulm&#245;es e os m&#250;sculos esquel&#233;ticos (diafragma, gastrocn&#234;mio e s&#243;leo) em ratos submetidos ao IM para induzir a ICC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> O interesse dos autores em avaliar a influ&#234;ncia dessa patologia sobre outros tecidos &#233; muito relevante, pois mostra as consequ&#234;ncias desse quadro em outros &#243;rg&#227;os al&#233;m do cora&#231;&#227;o. O indicador avaliado nesse trabalho foi o DNA, uma biomol&#233;cula vulner&#225;vel a diversos agentes que podem provocar danos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Em condi&#231;&#245;es normais, cerca de 99% dos danos do DNA podem ser reparados, mas aproximadamente 1% pode permanecer no genoma da c&#233;lula.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Os danos ao DNA n&#227;o reparados podem resultar em perda de informa&#231;&#227;o gen&#233;tica, ou interfer&#234;ncia na transcri&#231;&#227;o e replica&#231;&#227;o, sendo, portanto, delet&#233;rios ao organismo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Outro aspecto de grande import&#226;ncia &#233; que os danos no DNA podem induzir &#224; muta&#231;&#227;o,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> que pode ser relacionada com v&#225;rias doen&#231;as, entre elas o c&#226;ncer.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Assim, a detec&#231;&#227;o de danos ao DNA constitui importante conduta em pesquisas ligadas ao desenvolvimento de doen&#231;as.</p>
      <p>O trabalho mostra que o dano ao DNA foi notavelmente superior em todos os &#243;rg&#227;os avaliados no grupo com ICC, justificado provavelmente pela hiperperfus&#227;o nesses locais, a qual gerou um estado pr&#243;-oxidativo t&#243;xico a essa biomol&#233;cula. Apesar de esse trabalho analisar a les&#227;o global do DNA, a qual pode ser produzida por outras etiologias e n&#227;o somente o dano oxidativo, trabalhos em seres humanos j&#225; mostram a presen&#231;a de O8-OHdG, um produto da oxida&#231;&#227;o de purinas, no plasma de pacientes com ICC, confirmando que essa doen&#231;a acarreta les&#227;o oxidativa do DNA. Sendo assim, os resultados do presente estudo v&#234;m confirmar que h&#225; consequ&#234;ncias em diferentes &#243;rg&#227;os advindas da ICC e que investiga&#231;&#245;es devem ser feitas para minimizar futuras complica&#231;&#245;es.</p>
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      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Quantifica&#231;&#227;o de Dano em DNA em Diferentes Tecidos em Ratos com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</p>
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