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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">WM5FYjGcCH5MQj6MYtKPSQp</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2020000200232</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20190898</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Heart Failure Trends in Para&#237;ba: Earlier Diagnosis or Better Treatment? - That is One of the Questions</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6061-9663</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Tim&#243;teo</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Teresa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Santa Marta Hospital</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Lisboa</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Santa Marta Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">NOVA Medical School</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Lisboa</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">NOVA Medical School, Lisboa, Lisboa - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Ana Teresa Tim&#243;teo,</bold> Hospital Santa Marta, Departamento de Cardiologia, Rua Santa Marta, 1110, Lisboa -Portugal. E-mail: <email>ana_timoteo@yahoo.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>232</fpage>
      <lpage>233</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Heart Failure/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure/mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure/epidemiology</kwd>
        <kwd>Comorbidity</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure/trends</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitalization</kwd>
        <kwd>Health Care Costs</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Heart Failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with high prevalence, morbidity and mortality worldwide.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> It is also one of the main causes for hospital admissions with elevated direct and indirect costs.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> The prevalence of HF is expected to increase due to the increase in cardiovascular risk factors in the general population and to the increase in life expectancy. Elderly patients are more prone to the development of HF, as well as of admissions for HF. For that reason, an increase in the economic burden of HF is expected in the next decades.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></p>
    <p>Previously published data showed, however, some epidemiological differences according to the world region, when comparing developing and developed countries. Recently published data from the European Society of cardiology Heart Failure Long-term Registry, a registry that included a wide spectrum of countries with very different socio-economic backgrounds, from Southern, Western, Northern and Eastern Europe, as well as Middle East and Northern Africa, showed significant between-region differences in baseline characteristics, clinical characteristics and also treatment and outcomes in patients with acute and chronic HF.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></p>
    <p>Brazil is a very large country, with huge disparities between regions and thus, it was important to perform a regional study.</p>
    <p>The article by Fernandes et al,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> published in this journal, is a retrospective study on epidemiological data obtained between 2008 and 2017, based on DATASUS database, a population database.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> They studied data specifically from the state of Para&#237;ba, a region considered by the authors to be a developing state, compared to other parts of Brazil and they put the results into perspective by comparing with them with data from the entire country. Heart failure was the first cardiovascular cause of hospital admissions, both in Para&#237;ba (29.4%) and Brazil (21%). There was a significant 62% decrease in hospital admissions and 37.5% in absolute numbers of hospital mortality due to heart failure in Para&#237;ba, from 2008 to 2017. However, in-hospital mortality rates increased by 65.1%, from 6.6% to 10.9%. An increase in hospital length of stay of 44% was also observed. In absolute values, the authors found a non-significant reduction in death by heart failure, which was however significant when analyzing mortality rate, with a decline of 10.7%, being 14.0/100,000 inhabitants. The same trends were also observed in the general data from Brazil, but the magnitude of change was much higher in Para&#237;ba.</p>
    <p>This paper raises many important questions, which should be further addressed in subsequent studies. The reduction in hospital admissions might be the main explanation for the reduction in hospital mortality in absolute values. However, the increase in hospital mortality rate is an indirect sign that patients admitted were probably in worse clinical condition. The greatest improvement in this state, compared to Brazil, might be explained by a more sustained improvement in living conditions in Para&#237;ba in the last decade, compared to others that are more developed and probably did not improve much in the last years, because the potential for improvements is higher in developing states. The authors did not show these specific data - was there a more significant increase in gross domestic product in Para&#237;ba compared to other states?</p>
    <p>The European study showed that in North Africa, the proportion of women is higher when compared to other groups, with younger patients, with less hypertension but more diabetes and smokers.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> The ischemic etiology was much less frequent, ejection fraction was more preserved and patients were less treated.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> In this registry, 1-year all-cause mortality was 23.6% for acute HF patients and 6.4% for chronic HF patients and 1-year hospitalization was 18.7% and 9.9% respectively. In North Africa, higher all-cause mortality was observed (15.6%) and lower hospitalization rates (10%) in the chronic HF group. Being from North Africa was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in the acute HF group of up to 2.7 times compared to Southern Europe. The higher death rates observed were partially attributed to the much less frequent use of guideline-recommended medical therapies for HF with reduced ejection fraction, a problem shared by other low- and middle-income countries and regions, or by differences in the hospital admission criteria, also recently reported.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> In Brazil, substantial between-region differences are expected regarding demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics and treatment, when we compare developed and developing regions, which can explain some of the results obtained in mortality and hospitalization rates.</p>
    <p>For that reason, the results presented for the state of Para&#237;ba require additional information for better interpretation, which in some cases contradict worldwide data projections.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Few studies have evaluated the different trends in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but HFpEF might be dominant in the coming years, because in the past 20 years, trends have been reported on the increasing proportion of patients with HFpEF and relatively stable/decreasing rates of HFrEF<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>. In fact, the increase in HF prevalence might not be related to an increase in incidence. The aging of the population, together with improved HF survival, particularly in HFrEF, due to advancements in treatment is a likely explanation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> In addition, prevention programs might be reducing the incidence, with lower severity and better treatment of ischemic heart disease.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> However, risk factors for coronary artery disease are still increasing. Thus, a reduction in HFrEF is expected, as well as an increase in HFpEF with consequent more cases of HF admissions due to HFpEF, with a lower mortality compared to HFrEF.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></p>
    <p>The reduction in hospital admissions must also be clarified. Information regarding HF disease management program availability or the use of implantable devices (involving patient characteristics but also resource availability and reimbursement structure) can explain that reduction.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Another possible explanation is that HF patients might be detected earlier in the course of disease, and with that, premature hospital admissions can be avoided. If they are treated according to guidelines, this can also delay and reduce hospital admissions and mortality.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></p>
    <p>Early diagnosis and optimal treatment are important quality indicators for the treatment of HF, and this is also a question to be addressed. Is the medical assistance in Para&#237;ba significantly different from that in the rest of the country? Is it mostly private practice or a public system of health care? What is patient accessibility to healthcare like and what were the improvements obtained (if any) in the last years? If feasible, all those questions about socio-economic conditions and healthcare data should be analyzed from 2008 to 2017 to see what the trend is and to better identify the main specificities that require investment.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial related to the article: A 10-Year Trend Analysis of Heart Failure in the Less Developed Brazil</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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          <article-title>Lessons from the TOPCAT trial</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <month>04</month>
          <day>10</day>
          <volume>370</volume>
          <fpage>1453</fpage>
          <lpage>1454</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Tend&#234;ncias da Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca na Para&#237;ba: Diagn&#243;stico mais Precoce ou Melhor Tratamento? Eis uma das Quest&#245;es</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tim&#243;teo</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Teresa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Santa Marta Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">NOVA Medical School, Lisboa, Lisboa - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Ana Teresa Tim&#243;teo,</bold> Hospital Santa Marta, Departamento de Cardiologia, Rua Santa Marta, 1110, Lisboa - Portugal. E-mail: <email>ana_timoteo@yahoo.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca/mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca/epidemiologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Comorbidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca/tend&#234;ncias</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Custos de Cuidados de Sa&#250;de</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca (IC) &#233; uma s&#237;ndrome cl&#237;nica com alta preval&#234;ncia, morbidade e mortalidade no mundo todo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>. &#201; tamb&#233;m uma das principais causas de interna&#231;&#245;es hospitalares, com custos diretos e indiretos elevados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> &#201; esperado que a preval&#234;ncia de IC aumente devido ao aumento dos fatores de risco cardiovascular na popula&#231;&#227;o em geral e aumento da expectativa de vida. Pacientes idosos s&#227;o mais propensos ao desenvolvimento de IC, bem como de interna&#231;&#245;es por IC. Por esse motivo, espera-se um aumento no &#244;nus econ&#244;mico da IC nas pr&#243;ximas d&#233;cadas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></p>
      <p>Dados publicados anteriormente mostraram, entretanto, algumas diferen&#231;as epidemiol&#243;gicas de acordo com a regi&#227;o do mundo, quando pa&#237;ses em desenvolvimento e desenvolvidos foram comparados. Dados recentemente publicados do <italic>Heart Failure Long-term Registry</italic> da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia, um registro que incluiu um amplo espectro de pa&#237;ses com antecedentes socioecon&#244;micos muito diferentes, do sul, oeste, norte e leste da Europa, al&#233;m do Oriente M&#233;dio e Norte da &#193;frica, mostrou diferen&#231;as significativas entre as regi&#245;es em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s caracter&#237;sticas basais, caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e tamb&#233;m tratamento e desfechos em pacientes com IC aguda e cr&#244;nica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></p>
      <p>O Brasil &#233; um pa&#237;s muito grande, com enormes disparidades entre regi&#245;es e, portanto, era importante realizar um estudo regional.</p>
      <p>O artigo de Fernandes et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> publicado nesta revista, &#233; um estudo retrospectivo sobre dados epidemiol&#243;gicos obtidos entre 2008 e 2017, com base no banco de dados do DATASUS, um banco de dados populacional.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> Eles estudaram dados especificamente do estado da Para&#237;ba, uma regi&#227;o considerada pelos autores como um estado em desenvolvimento, em compara&#231;&#227;o com outras partes do Brasil e colocaram os resultados em perspectiva, comparando-os com dados de todo o pa&#237;s. A insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca foi a primeira causa cardiovascular de interna&#231;&#245;es hospitalares, tanto na Para&#237;ba (29,4%) quanto no Brasil (21%). Houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa de 62% nas interna&#231;&#245;es e 37,5% nos n&#250;meros absolutos de mortalidade hospitalar por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca na Para&#237;ba, de 2008 a 2017. No entanto, as taxas de mortalidade intra-hospitalar aumentaram em 65,1%, de 6,6% para 10,9%. Tamb&#233;m foi observado um aumento no tempo de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o de 44%. Em valores absolutos, os autores encontraram uma redu&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o significativa na morte por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, que, no entanto, foi significativa na an&#225;lise da taxa de mortalidade, com decl&#237;nio de 10,7%, sendo de 14,0 / 100.000 habitantes. As mesmas tend&#234;ncias tamb&#233;m foram observadas nos dados gerais do Brasil, mas a magnitude da altera&#231;&#227;o foi muito maior na Para&#237;ba.</p>
      <p>Este artigo levanta muitas quest&#245;es importantes, que devem ser abordadas em estudos subsequentes. A redu&#231;&#227;o nas interna&#231;&#245;es pode ser a principal explica&#231;&#227;o para a redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade hospitalar em valores absolutos. No entanto, o aumento da taxa de mortalidade hospitalar &#233; um sinal indireto de que os pacientes admitidos estavam provavelmente em piores condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas. A maior taxa de melhora neste estado, em compara&#231;&#227;o com o Brasil, pode ser explicada por uma melhora mais sustentada das condi&#231;&#245;es de vida no estado da Para&#237;ba na &#250;ltima d&#233;cada, em compara&#231;&#227;o com outros estados mais desenvolvidos e provavelmente n&#227;o melhoraram muito nos &#250;ltimos anos porque o potencial para melhoras &#233; mais alto nos estados em desenvolvimento. Os autores n&#227;o mostraram esses dados espec&#237;ficos - houve um aumento mais significativo no produto interno bruto da Para&#237;ba em compara&#231;&#227;o com outros estados? O estudo europeu mostrou que, no norte da &#193;frica, a propor&#231;&#227;o de mulheres &#233; maior quando comparada a outros grupos, com pacientes mais jovens, com menos hipertens&#227;o, mas com mais diabetes e fumantes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> A etiologia isqu&#234;mica foi muito menos frequente, a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o foi mais preservada e os pacientes foram menos tratados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Nesse registro, a mortalidade por todas as causas em 1 ano foi de 23,6% para pacientes com IC aguda e 6,4% para pacientes com IC cr&#244;nica e as taxas de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o em 1 ano foram de 18,7% e 9,9%, respectivamente. No norte da &#193;frica, observou-se maior mortalidade por todas as causas (15,6%) e menores taxas de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o (10%) no grupo de IC cr&#244;nica. Ser do norte da &#193;frica foi um preditor independente de mortalidade por todas as causas no grupo com IC aguda de at&#233; 2,7 vezes em compara&#231;&#227;o com o sul da Europa. As taxas de mortalidade mais altas observadas foram parcialmente atribu&#237;das ao uso muito menos frequente de terapias m&#233;dicas recomendadas nas diretrizes para IC com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida, um problema compartilhado por outros pa&#237;ses e regi&#245;es de baixa e m&#233;dia renda ou por diferen&#231;as nos crit&#233;rios de admiss&#227;o hospitalar, tamb&#233;m relatados recentemente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> No Brasil, diferen&#231;as substanciais s&#227;o esperadas entre as regi&#245;es em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas, caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e tratamento, quando comparamos regi&#245;es desenvolvidas e em desenvolvimento, o que pode explicar alguns dos resultados obtidos nas taxas de mortalidade e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <p>Por essa raz&#227;o, os resultados apresentados para o estado da Para&#237;ba requerem informa&#231;&#245;es adicionais para melhor interpreta&#231;&#227;o, o que em alguns casos contradiz as proje&#231;&#245;es de dados mundiais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Poucos estudos avaliaram as diferentes tend&#234;ncias da IC com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida (ICFEr) e fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada (HFpEF), mas a IC com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada (ICFEp) pode ser dominante nos pr&#243;ximos anos, porque nos &#250;ltimos 20 anos, foram relatadas tend&#234;ncias de propor&#231;&#227;o crescente de pacientes com ICFEp e taxas relativamente est&#225;veis/decrescentes de ICFEr.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> De fato, o aumento na preval&#234;ncia de IC pode n&#227;o estar relacionado a um aumento na incid&#234;ncia. O envelhecimento da popula&#231;&#227;o, juntamente com a melhora da sobrevida na IC, principalmente na ICFEr, devido aos avan&#231;os no tratamento, &#233; uma explica&#231;&#227;o prov&#225;vel.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Al&#233;m disso, os programas de preven&#231;&#227;o podem estar reduzindo a incid&#234;ncia, com menor gravidade e melhor tratamento da cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Entretanto, os fatores de risco para doen&#231;a arterial coronariana ainda est&#227;o aumentando. Assim, espera-se uma redu&#231;&#227;o na ICFEr, bem como um aumento na ICFEp com consequentemente mais casos de admiss&#227;o por IC devido &#224; ICFEp, com menor mortalidade em compara&#231;&#227;o &#224; ICFEr.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></p>
      <p>A redu&#231;&#227;o de interna&#231;&#245;es tamb&#233;m deve ser esclarecida. Informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a disponibilidade do programa de tratamento de doen&#231;as da IC ou o uso de dispositivos implant&#225;veis (incluindo as caracter&#237;sticas dos pacientes, mas tamb&#233;m a disponibilidade de recursos e a estrutura de reembolso) podem explicar essa redu&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Outra explica&#231;&#227;o poss&#237;vel &#233; que os pacientes com IC podem ser detectados mais cedo no curso da doen&#231;a e, com isso, as interna&#231;&#245;es prematuras podem ser evitadas. Se eles forem tratados de acordo com as diretrizes, isso tamb&#233;m pode adiar e reduzir as interna&#231;&#245;es e a mortalidade.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></p>
      <p>O diagn&#243;stico precoce e o tratamento otimizado s&#227;o importantes indicadores de qualidade para o tratamento da IC, e essa tamb&#233;m &#233; uma quest&#227;o a ser abordada. A assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica na Para&#237;ba &#233; significativamente diferente daquela no resto do pa&#237;s? Trata-se principalmente de consultas particulares ou de um sistema p&#250;blico de assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica? Como &#233; a acessibilidade dos pacientes aos cuidados de sa&#250;de e quais foram as melhorias obtidas (se houver) nos &#250;ltimos anos? Se poss&#237;vel, todas essas perguntas sobre condi&#231;&#245;es socioecon&#244;micas e dados de sa&#250;de devem ser analisadas de 2008 a 2017 para verificar qual &#233; a tend&#234;ncia e melhor identificar as principais especificidades que requerem investimento.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca no Brasil Subdesenvolvido: An&#225;lise de Tend&#234;ncia de Dez Anos</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
