<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">J4GpVfTFsxjkbcjSgfD5Z4N</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2020000100057</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20190761</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>High Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Children and Adolescents: Opportunity for Prevention</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9124-7807</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mangili</surname>
            <given-names>Leonardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Parana Medical Research Center</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>Maring&#225;</city>
            <state>PR</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Parana Medical Research Center (PMRC), Maring&#225;, PR - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Leonardo Mangili,</bold> Parana Medical Research Center (PMRC), Av. Dr. Luis Teixeira Mendes,1929. Postal Code 87015-000, Maring&#225;, PR - Brazil. E-mail: <email>leomangili@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>57</fpage>
      <lpage>58</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Dyslipidemias</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypercholesterolemi</kwd>
        <kwd>Child</kwd>
        <kwd>Young Adult</kwd>
        <kwd>Unified Health System</kwd>
        <kwd>Adolescent</kwd>
        <kwd>Laboratoty Test</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Cardiovacular diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. According with the World Health Organization (WHO), worldwide, one third of ischemic heart diseases are attributable to high cholesterol, which causes 2.6 million deaths per year.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Atherosclerosis begins in childhood and evolves in an insidious process which can last decades from the first artery injuries to the clinical outcomes (death, myocardial infarction or strokes). This process is speeded up by risk factors such as cholesterol, smoking, obesity and hypertension.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
		</p>
    <p>The multicenter study Pathological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) revealed the presence of atherosclerosis injuries in all aortas and in 50% of right coronary arteries in 1.532 necropsies of individuals aged from 15 to 19 years.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> When the role of risk factors was assessed in individuals between 15 and 34 years of age, it was found that the aortic injuries were positively correlated with LDL and VLDL levels, glucose intolerance, smoking, hypertension, obesity, but negatively associated with HDL levels.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Similar findings were described by the Bogalusa Heart Study, which associated the presence of fatty streaks in the aorta with higher total and LDL cholesterol levels, in addition to an inverse association with HDL-C.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> There was also greater severity of atherosclerosis injuries in the presence of multiple concomitant risk factors (body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol and triglyceride concentration).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
		</p>
    <p>In agreement with the evidence that increased cholesterol levels promote atherosclerosis, Mendelian randomized studies demonstrate that exposure to genetically lower cholesterol levels since childhood is associated with a reduction in the risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). It was estimated that for each 1 mmol/l (38.7 mg/dl) reduction in LDL, there is a 54.5% (95% CI 48.8%-59.5%) in CAD risk.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Such reduction is threefold higher than that achieved with the use of statins in more advanced age.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Cholesterol metabolism can be analysed by dosing serum non-cholesterol sterols, cholesterol synthesis and absorption markers. In 1 to 10-year-old children, absorption prevails over synthesis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> This finding shows the importance of dietary as a cholesterol-reduction tool among this age group.</p>
    <p>In this issue of the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>, Gomes, et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> assessed the prevalence of isolated and combined dyslipidemias in 62,530 children and adolescents, aged between 1 day and 19 years, attended at the Basic Health Units network in Campinas/SP. They found biochemically classified changes in 67% of the lipid profiles analysed. The prevalence of increased total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL-C levels were, respectively, 33%, 40%, 29% and 13%. The presence of low HDL-C was observed in 39% of the cases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> Although the number of individuals analysed is a strength of this study, the exclusive analysis of the lipid profiles prevents any other conclusions besides the frequency of abnormalities in this population.</p>
    <p>The risk factors present in childhood and adolescence will probably remain until adulthood. This period of life represents a window of opportunity to initiate effective measures aiming at the prevention of atherosclerosis and clinical outcomes in adulthood. Therefore, it is necessary to trace and treat abnormalities in the lipid profile of children and adolescents, particularly of those with other risk factors.</p>
    <p>Thus, the <italic>Updated Cardiovascular Prevention Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology - 2019</italic> recommends the universal lipid screening between ages 9-11 and for children aged 2 years or older when other risk factors are present. The adoption of healthy eating habits, the practice of regular physical activity and weight control are the pillars of the treatment of dyslipidemia in this age group. The use of medication, predominantly statins, should be restricted to more severe cases (such as genetic dyslipidemias) and after unsuccessful non-pharmacological treatment.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
		</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Evaluation of Lipid Profiles of Children and Youth from Basic Health Units in Campinas, SP, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Laboratory Study</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 World Health Organization. Global health risks : mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva, Switzerland;2009.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>World Health Organization</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>Global health risks : mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <publisher-loc>Geneva, Switzerland</publisher-loc>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2 Fran&#231;oso LA, Coates V. Anatomicopathological evidence of the beginning of atherosclerosis in infancy and adolescence. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2002;78(1):131-42.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Fran&#231;oso</surname>
              <given-names>LA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Coates</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Anatomicopathological evidence of the beginning of atherosclerosis in infancy and adolescence</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2002</year>
          <volume>78</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>131</fpage>
          <lpage>142</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3 Natural history of aortic and coronary atherosclerotic lesions in youth. Findings from the PDAY Study. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Research Group. Arterioscler Thromb.1993;13(9):1291-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Natural history of aortic and coronary atherosclerotic lesions in youth. Findings from the PDAY Study</article-title>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Research Group</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>Arterioscler Thromb</source>
          <year>1993</year>
          <volume>13</volume>
          <issue>9</issue>
          <fpage>1291</fpage>
          <lpage>1298</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4 Cornhill JF, Herderick EE, Vince DG. The clinical morphology of human atherosclerotic lesions. Lessons from the PDAY Study. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth. Wien Klin Wochenschr.1995;107(18):540-3.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Cornhill</surname>
              <given-names>JF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Herderick</surname>
              <given-names>EE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Vince</surname>
              <given-names>DG</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The clinical morphology of human atherosclerotic lesions. Lessons from the PDAY Study. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth</article-title>
          <source>Wien Klin Wochenschr</source>
          <year>1995</year>
          <volume>107</volume>
          <issue>18</issue>
          <fpage>540</fpage>
          <lpage>543</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5 Tracy RE, Newman WP 3rd, Wattigney WA, Berenson GS. Risk factors and atherosclerosis in youth autopsy findings of the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Med Sci. 1995;310(Suppl 1):S37-41., v. 310 Suppl 1, p. S37-41.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Tracy</surname>
              <given-names>RE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>WP</surname>
              <given-names>Newman 3rd</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wattigney</surname>
              <given-names>WA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Berenson</surname>
              <given-names>GS</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Risk factors and atherosclerosis in youth autopsy findings of the Bogalusa Heart Study</article-title>
          <source>Am J Med Sci</source>
          <year>1995</year>
          <volume>310</volume>
          <supplement>Suppl 1</supplement>
          <fpage>S37</fpage>
          <lpage>S41</lpage>
          <comment>v. 310 Suppl 1, p. S37-41</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>6 Berenson GS Srinivasan SR, Bao W, Newman WP 3rd, Tracy RE, Wattigney WA. Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study. N Engl J Med. 1998;338(23):1650-6.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Berenson</surname>
              <given-names>GS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Srinivasan</surname>
              <given-names>SR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bao</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Newman 3rd</surname>
              <given-names>WP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tracy</surname>
              <given-names>RE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wattigney</surname>
              <given-names>WA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>1998</year>
          <volume>338</volume>
          <issue>23</issue>
          <fpage>1650</fpage>
          <lpage>1656</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>7 Ference BA, Yoo W, Alesh I, Mahayan N, Mirowska KK, Mewada A, et al. Effect of long-term exposure to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol beginning early in life on the risk of coronary heart disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol.2012;60(25):2631-9.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Ference</surname>
              <given-names>BA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yoo</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Alesh</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mahayan</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mirowska</surname>
              <given-names>KK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mewada</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Effect of long-term exposure to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol beginning early in life on the risk of coronary heart disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>60</volume>
          <issue>25</issue>
          <fpage>2631</fpage>
          <lpage>2639</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>8 Gylling H, Korhonen M, Mutanen A, Nissinen M, Pakarinen M, Simonen P. Serum non-cholesterol sterols and cholesterol metabolism in childhood and adolescence. Atherosclerosis. 2018;278:91-6.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Gylling</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Korhonen</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mutanen</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nissinen</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pakarinen</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Simonen</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Serum non-cholesterol sterols and cholesterol metabolism in childhood and adolescence</article-title>
          <source>Atherosclerosis</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>278</volume>
          <fpage>91</fpage>
          <lpage>96</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>9 Gomes E, Zago VHS, Faria EC. Evaluation of Lipid Profiles of Children and Youth from Basic Health Units in Campinas, SP, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Laboratory Study. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(1):47-56.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Gomes</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zago</surname>
              <given-names>VHS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Faria</surname>
              <given-names>EC</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Evaluation of Lipid Profiles of Children and Youth from Basic Health Units in Campinas, SP, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Laboratory Study</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>114</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>47</fpage>
          <lpage>56</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>10 Precoma D, Oliveira GMA, Sim&#227;o AF, Dutra OP, Coelho CR, Izar MCO, Povoa RMD;et al, Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. Atualiza&#231;&#227;o da Diretriz de Preven&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - 2019. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019;113(4):787-891.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Precoma</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>GMA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sim&#227;o</surname>
              <given-names>AF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dutra</surname>
              <given-names>OP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Coelho</surname>
              <given-names>CR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Izar</surname>
              <given-names>MCO</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Povoa</surname>
              <given-names>RMD</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
            <collab>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</collab>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Atualiza&#231;&#227;o da Diretriz de Preven&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - 2019</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>113</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>787</fpage>
          <lpage>891</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Alta Preval&#234;ncia de Dislipidemias em Crian&#231;as e Adolescentes: Oportunidade para Preven&#231;&#227;o</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9124-7807</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mangili</surname>
            <given-names>Leonardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="original">Parana Medical Research Center (PMRC), Maring&#225;, PR - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Leonardo Mangili,</bold> Parana Medical Research Center (PMRC), Av. Dr. Luis Teixeira Mendes,1929. CEP 87015-000, Maring&#225;, PR - Brasil. E-mail: <email>leomangili@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Dislipidemias</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipercolesterolemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Crian&#231;a</kwd>
        <kwd>Adulto Jovem</kwd>
        <kwd>Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de</kwd>
        <kwd>Adolescente</kwd>
        <kwd>Testes Laboratoriais</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares s&#227;o importantes causas de morbidade e mortalidade. De acordo com a Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial de Sa&#250;de, globalmente, um ter&#231;o das doen&#231;as isqu&#234;micas do cora&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o atribu&#237;veis ao colesterol elevado e este causa 2,6 milh&#245;es de mortes por ano.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> A aterosclerose se inicia na inf&#226;ncia e evolui em um processo insidioso que pode levar d&#233;cadas desde as primeiras les&#245;es arteriais at&#233; os desfechos cl&#237;nicos (morte, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio ou acidentes vasculares encef&#225;licos). Este processo &#233; acelerado por fatores de risco como colesterol, tabagismo, obesidade e hipertens&#227;o arterial.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>O estudo multic&#234;ntrico <italic>Pathological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY)</italic> revelou presen&#231;a de les&#245;es ateroscler&#243;ticas em todas as aortas e 50% das art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias direitas de 1.532 necropsias de indiv&#237;duos de 15 a 19 anos de idade.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Quando foi analisado o papel dos fatores de risco em indiv&#237;duos entre 15 e 34 anos encontrou-se que as les&#245;es a&#243;rticas e coron&#225;rias estavam positivamente com os n&#237;veis de LDL e VLDL, intoler&#226;ncia a glicose, tabagismo, hipertens&#227;o arterial, obesidade e negativamente associados com n&#237;veis de HDL.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Achados semelhantes foram descritos no <italic>Bogalusa Heart Study</italic> que associou a presen&#231;a de estrias gordurosas na aorta com maiores n&#237;veis de colesterol total e LDL, al&#233;m da associa&#231;&#227;o inversa com o HDL.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Houve tamb&#233;m maior gravidade das les&#245;es ateroscler&#243;ticas na presen&#231;a de m&#250;ltiplos fatores de risco concomitantes (&#237;ndice de massa corporal, press&#227;o arterial, concentra&#231;&#245;es de colesterol e triglicer&#237;deos).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Em concord&#226;ncia com as evid&#234;ncias que eleva&#231;&#245;es do colesterol promovem a aterosclerose, estudos de randomiza&#231;&#227;o mendeliana evidenciam que a exposi&#231;&#227;o &#224; n&#237;veis geneticamente mais baixos de colesterol desde a inf&#226;ncia se associa a uma redu&#231;&#227;o de risco de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC). Foi estimado que para cada 1 mmol/l (38,7 mg/dl) de redu&#231;&#227;o no LDL h&#225; uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 54,5% (IC 95% 48,8%-59,5%) no risco de DAC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Tal redu&#231;&#227;o &#233; 3 vezes superior a obtida com uso de estatinas em idades mais avan&#231;adas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>O metabolismo do colesterol pode ser analisado pela dosagem de ester&#243;is n&#227;o-colesterol no sangue, marcadores de s&#237;ntese e absor&#231;&#227;o de colesterol. Em crian&#231;as de 1 a 10 anos de idade a absor&#231;&#227;o prevalece em rela&#231;&#227;o a s&#237;ntese.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Este achado demonstra a import&#226;ncia da dieta como ferramenta de redu&#231;&#227;o do colesterol neste grupo et&#225;rio.</p>
      <p>Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Gomes et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> avaliaram a preval&#234;ncia de dislipidemias isoladas e em combina&#231;&#227;o em 62.530 crian&#231;as e adolescentes, com idades entre um dia e 19 anos, atendidos na rede de Unidades B&#225;sicas de Sa&#250;de da cidade de Campinas. Encontraram altera&#231;&#245;es bioquimicamente classificadas em 67% dos perfis lip&#237;dicos avaliados. As preval&#234;ncias de aumento de colesterol total, triglicer&#237;deos, colesterol LDL e colesterol n&#227;o-HDL foram, respectivamente, 33%, 40%, 29% e 13%. A presen&#231;a de colesterol HDL baixo foi encontrada em 39% dos casos analisados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> Embora o n&#250;mero de indiv&#237;duos analisados seja um ponto forte deste estudo, a an&#225;lise exclusiva dos perfis lip&#237;dicos impede quaisquer outras conclus&#245;es al&#233;m da frequ&#234;ncia de altera&#231;&#245;es nesta popula&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <p>Os fatores de risco presentes na inf&#226;ncia e adolesc&#234;ncia provavelmente persistir&#227;o at&#233; a idade adulta. Este per&#237;odo da vida &#233; uma janela de oportunidade para iniciar medidas efetivas para preven&#231;&#227;o de aterosclerose e de eventos cl&#237;nicos na idade adulta. &#201;, portanto, necess&#225;rio rastrear e tratar altera&#231;&#245;es no perfil lip&#237;dico de crian&#231;as e adolescentes, especialmente daqueles com outros fatores de risco.</p>
      <p>Desta forma, a <italic>Atualiza&#231;&#227;o da Diretriz de Preven&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - 2019</italic> recomenda a dosagem de perfil lip&#237;dico universal entre 9-11 anos de idade e a partir de 2 anos quando estiverem presentes outros fatores de risco. A ado&#231;&#227;o de dieta saud&#225;vel, a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica regular e o controle de peso s&#227;o os pilares do tratamento das dislipidemias neste grupo et&#225;rio. O uso de medica&#231;&#227;o, predominantemente estatinas, deve ser reservado aos casos mais graves (como dislipidemias gen&#233;ticas) e para falha do tratamento n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
			</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Avalia&#231;&#227;o de Perfis Lip&#237;dicos Infanto-Juvenis Solicitados nas Unidades B&#225;sicas de Sa&#250;de em Campinas/SP, Brasil: Um Estudo Laboratorial Transversal</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
