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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">XvBykvhdxy4G83WzMmvswjr</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2020000100045</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20190842</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Evaluation of Clinical Competence for a Cardiology Residency Program</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6583-6595</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Timerman</surname>
            <given-names>Sergio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
            <state>SP</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (Incor) do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo - Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia Cl&#237;nica - Centro de Simula&#231;&#227;o e Time de Resposta R&#225;pida, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Sergio Timerman,</bold> Avenida Dr. Ene&#225;s e Carvalho Aguiar, 44. Postal Code 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>dr.sergiotimerman@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>45</fpage>
      <lpage>46</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Simulation</kwd>
        <kwd>Internship and Residence</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitals</kwd>
        <kwd>Programs</kwd>
        <kwd>Medical Competence</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>In the past decades, medical education, especially in cardiology gratuate programs (CGP), has undergone profound changes, including restrictions on hours of service.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> In the reference article &#8220;To Err Is Human&#8221;,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> the Institute of Medicine suggests that nearly 100,000 patients die annually from preventable errors in hospitals, with another one million people with sequelae. This report turned the spotlight on the importance of patient safety with regard to healthcare.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> At about the same time, technological progress has outweighed curriculum innovations of EMPGs. As we were trained on the job, the method &#8220;see one, do one, and teach one&#8221; was common for all services, but as training progresses, procedures become extremely complex, with consequently higher risks. Most cardiology residents remember the first time they performed resuscitation maneuvers, placed transvenous pacemakers, and passed their first Swan-Ganz.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Fortunately, most of these events were completed without complications. However, the level of concern and anxiety experienced regarding patient safety and their competence to perform these tasks is probably as vivid now as the day the procedure was performed. Despite the scarcity of evidence supporting the traditional training learning model,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> most reviews discussing the potential of simulation-based education (SBE) for healthcare assess evidence that SBE is equivalent to or better than this traditional model.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Nowadays, for the recent graduates and candidates for Medical Residency, assessment of clinical skills is an essential step and should be started in their education as a medical student, and should be done by the professor through direct observation of their performance in real situations.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> This formative and summative assessment takes different forms, as it assesses students&#8217; clinical competences and quantifies the evolution of their performance based on real-life situations.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> The study published in this issue, entitled &#8220;Clinical Competence in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Management by Recently Graduated Physicians Applying for a Medical Residency Program&#8221;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> aims to analyze the following: skills seen in the interview, physical examination skills, professionalism (ethics), clinical reasoning, orientation skills, efficiency and general clinical competence, pointing out their flaws and successes, making it a good weapon in formative assessment. Simulation training has also been widely adopted in other "high risk" industries. Although comparisons between medicine and aviation are frequent, it is important to recognize that the work performed by doctors differs a lot from that of pilots, so the nature of simulation must also be different. There is considerable focus on medical emergencies and practical procedural skills, but with scope to expand to other areas of care. The contribution of human cognitive performance to patient outcomes is well recognized; possessing the necessary knowledge and technical skills remains essential, but in addition to them, non-technical skills, such as situational awareness and the ability to synthesize information, making decisions and effectively communicating with team members during times of stress and distraction are also essential. And this study was important for this reason.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Clinical Competence in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Management by Recently Graduated Physicians Applying for a Medical Residency Program</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o da Compet&#234;ncia Cl&#237;nica em Programas de Resid&#234;ncia em Cardiologia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6583-6595</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Timerman</surname>
            <given-names>Sergio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (Incor) do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo - Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia Cl&#237;nica - Centro de Simula&#231;&#227;o e Time de Resposta R&#225;pida, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Sergio Timerman,</bold> Avenida Dr. Ene&#225;s e Carvalho Aguiar, 44. CEP 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>dr.sergiotimerman@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio com Supradesn&#237;vel do Segmento ST</kwd>
        <kwd>Simula&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Internato e Resid&#234;ncia</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitais</kwd>
        <kwd>Programas</kwd>
        <kwd>Efici&#234;ncia Organizacional</kwd>
        <kwd>Educa&#231;&#227;o M&#233;dica</kwd>
        <kwd>Compet&#234;ncia Cl&#237;nica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Nas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas, a educa&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica, principalmente em programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em cardiologia (PPGC), passou por profundas mudan&#231;as, incluindo restri&#231;&#245;es em horas de servi&#231;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> No artigo de refer&#234;ncia "To Err Is Human",<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> o Instituto de Medicina sugere que quase 100.000 pacientes morriam anualmente de erros evit&#225;veis em hospitais, com um milh&#227;o adicional de pessoas com sequelas. Esse relat&#243;rio foi o holofote sobre a import&#226;ncia da seguran&#231;a do paciente no que se refere a cuidados de sa&#250;de.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Quase ao mesmo tempo, os avan&#231;os tecnol&#243;gicos ultrapassaram as inova&#231;&#245;es curriculares dos EMPG. Como faz&#237;amos o treinamento em servi&#231;o, o m&#233;todo &#8220;observe um, fa&#231;a um e ensine um&#8221; era praxe em todos os servi&#231;os, por&#233;m, &#224; medida que o treinamento avan&#231;a, os procedimentos tornam-se extremamente mais complexos, com o consequente maior risco. A maioria dos residentes de cardiologia lembra-se da primeira vez em que realizava manobras de ressuscita&#231;&#227;o, coloca&#231;&#227;o de marca-passo transvenoso e passavam o primeiro Swan-Ganz.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Felizmente, a maioria desses eventos foi conclu&#237;da sem complica&#231;&#245;es. No entanto, o n&#237;vel de preocupa&#231;&#227;o e ansiedade experimentado em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; seguran&#231;a do paciente e sua compet&#234;ncia para executar essas tarefas &#233; provavelmente t&#227;o v&#237;vido agora quanto no dia em que o procedimento foi realizado. Apesar da escassez de evid&#234;ncias que sustentam o modelo tradicional de aprendizagem para treinamento,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> a maioria das revis&#245;es que discutem o potencial da educa&#231;&#227;o baseada em simula&#231;&#227;o (EBS) em assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica avalia as evid&#234;ncias de que o EBS &#233; equivalente ou melhor que esse modelo tradicional.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
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      <p>Nos dias atuais, aos rec&#233;m-formados e candidatos &#224; Resid&#234;ncia M&#233;dica, a avalia&#231;&#227;o de compet&#234;ncias cl&#237;nicas constitui etapa essencial, e deve ser iniciada em sua forma&#231;&#227;o como estudante de Medicina, devendo ser feita pelo professor por meio da observa&#231;&#227;o direta do desempenho em situa&#231;&#227;o real<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>. Existem v&#225;rias formas dessa avalia&#231;&#227;o formativa e somativa, que avalia as compet&#234;ncias cl&#237;nicas do estudantes e quantifica a evolu&#231;&#227;o do seu desempenho ap&#243;s a realiza&#231;&#227;o de situa&#231;&#245;es.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> O estudo publicado nesta edi&#231;&#227;o, intitulado &#8220;Compet&#234;ncia Cl&#237;nica no Manejo do Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio com Supradesn&#237;vel do Segmento ST por M&#233;dico Rec&#233;m-Formado Candidato &#224; Resid&#234;ncia M&#233;dica&#8221;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> tem por objetivo analisar os seguintes quesitos: habilidades na entrevista, habilidades no exame f&#237;sico, qualidades do profissionalismo (&#233;tica), racioc&#237;nio cl&#237;nico, habilidades de orienta&#231;&#227;o, efici&#234;ncia e compet&#234;ncia cl&#237;nica geral, apontando suas falhas e acertos, configurando uma boa arma na avalia&#231;&#227;o formativa. O treinamento em simula&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m foi amplamente adotado em outras ind&#250;strias de "alto risco". Embora os paralelos tra&#231;ados entre a medicina e a avia&#231;&#227;o sejam frequentes, &#233; importante reconhecer que o trabalho realizado pelos m&#233;dicos difere acentuadamente do dos pilotos e, portanto, a natureza da simula&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m deve ser diferente. H&#225; um foco consider&#225;vel em emerg&#234;ncias m&#233;dicas e habilidades pr&#225;ticas de procedimentos, mas com escopo para expandir para outras &#225;reas de atendimento. A contribui&#231;&#227;o do desempenho cognitivo humano para os resultados dos pacientes &#233; bem reconhecida; a posse do conhecimento e das habilidades t&#233;cnicas necess&#225;rias permanece essencial, mas, al&#233;m disso, as habilidades n&#227;o t&#233;cnicas, como a consci&#234;ncia situacional e a capacidade de sintetizar informa&#231;&#245;es, tomar decis&#245;es e se comunicar efetivamente com os membros da equipe durante momentos de estresse e distra&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m s&#227;o essenciais. E esse estudo foi importante por essa raz&#227;o.</p>
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          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Compet&#234;ncia Cl&#237;nica no Manejo do Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio com Supradesn&#237;vel do Segmento ST por M&#233;dico Rec&#233;m-Formado Candidato &#224; Resid&#234;ncia M&#233;dica</p>
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