<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">wRfMsnPgpHybJ6WF83wVBFC</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2020000100012</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2019005021105</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190231</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Determinants of Aortic Prosthesis Mismatch in a Brazilian Public Health System Hospital: Big Patients or Small Prosthesis?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2634-4632</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Otto</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Estefania</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando Antibas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo do Nascimento</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Carlos Madruga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mello</surname>
            <given-names>Bianca Corr&#234;a Rocha de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Joyce Gomes Elias</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Maiara Sanchez</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Domingues</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Carolina Pereira Matos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Calzada</surname>
            <given-names>Reyna Pinheiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5592-816X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jreige</surname>
            <given-names>Armindo</given-names>
            <suffix>Jr.</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3847-6445</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Schloicka</surname>
            <given-names>Larissa Lucas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pibarot</surname>
            <given-names>Philippe</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto de Cardiologia do Distrito Federal (ICDF)</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Bras&#237;lia</city>
          <state>DF</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia do Distrito Federal (ICDF), Bras&#237;lia, DF - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Qu&#233;bec Heart &amp; Lung Institute</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Valvular Heart Diseases</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Quebec</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="CA">Canada</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Qu&#233;bec Heart &amp; Lung Institute - Valvular Heart Diseases, Quebec - Canada</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Maria Estefania Otto</bold> Instituto de Cardiologia do Distrito Federal (ICDF) - Aos 02 Bloco B Apto 604. Postal Code 70660-022, Bras&#237;lia, DF - Brazil E-mail: <email>mariaestefaniaotto@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Otto ME, Atik FA, Lima JGE, Pibarot P; Acquisition of data: Otto ME, Moreira MN, Ribeiro LCM, Mello BCR, Domingues ACPM, Calzada RP, Schloicka LL, Ribeiro MS, Jreige Jr. A; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Otto ME, Atik FA, Moreira MN, Mello BCR, Domingues ACPM, Calzada RP, Schloicka LL, Pibarot P, Ribeiro MS, Jreige Jr. A; Statistical analysis: Otto ME, Atik FA, Ribeiro LCM, Lima JGE, Calzada RP, Ribeiro MS, Jreige Jr. A; Obtaining financing: Otto ME; Writing of the manuscript: Otto ME, Atik FA, Pibarot P; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Otto ME, Atik FA, Moreira MN, Ribeiro LCM, Mello BCR, Lima JGE, Domingues ACPM, Calzada RP, Schloicka LL, Pibarot P.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>114</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>12</fpage>
      <lpage>22</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) is associated with worse outcomes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>Determine the frequency and evaluate preoperatory variables independently associated with severe PPM in a tertiary hospital focused on Public Health Care.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>A total of 316 patients submitted to aortic valve replacement, who had echocardiography performed within the first 30 days after surgery, were retrospectively analyzed. The indexed effective orifice area (iEOA) of the prosthesis was used to classify the patients into three groups, according to PPM, considering body mass index (BMI): severe PPM (iEOA) &lt; 0.65 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>), mild to moderate PPM (iEOA, 0.65 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> - 0.85 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>) and without PPM (iEOA &gt; 0.85 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>) for a BMI &lt; 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and severe PPM (iEOA) &lt; 0.55 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>), mild to moderate (iEOA, 0.55 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>- 0.70 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>) and without PPM (iEOA &gt; 0.7 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>) for a BMI &gt; 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Statistical significance was considered when p &lt; 0.05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>iEOA was obtained in 176 patients. The frequency of severe and moderate PPM was 33.4% and 36.2%, respectively. Severe PPM patients were younger and had larger BMI, but smaller left ventricular outflow tract diameter (LVOTD). The independent variables used to predict severe PPM were male gender, BMI &gt; 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, age &lt; 60 years, LVOTD &lt; 21 mm, and rheumatic etiology with an area under the ROC curve of 0.82.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>
            <bold>Conclusion:</bold>
          </title>
          <p>The frequency of severe PPM is high in a Brazilian population representative of the Public Health System, and it is possible to predict PPM from preoperative variables such as rheumatic valvular disease, gender, BMI, age and LVOTD.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Heart Valve Prosthesis/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Size Perception</kwd>
        <kwd>Body Mass Index</kwd>
        <kwd>Preoperative Care</kwd>
        <kwd>Postoperative Care</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography/methods</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>The concept of prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) after aortic valve replacement (AVR) occurs when the indexed effective orifice area (iEOA) of the inserted prosthesis is too small in relation to patient body size.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> PPM was first described in 1978,<sup>2</sup> and its negative impact on morbidity, mortality and left ventricular reverse remodeling has been established.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Transprosthetic gradients in patients with PPM varies with cardiac output, which in turn is determined by body surface area (BSA), and the relation of iEOA and pressure gradient is curvilinear. Therefore, iEOA smaller than 0.85 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> generates higher gradients with possible consequences to the left ventricle (LV).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The incidence of PPM is variable and ranges from 20-70% for moderate and 5-20% for severe PPM.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Severe PPM has been associated with a 1.8-fold increase in mortality.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Many studies have reported an impact of PPM on early<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> and late mortality,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> especially in patients with pre-existing LV dysfunction.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> PPM was also associated with reduced functional capacity, less regression of LV mass and accelerated bioprosthetic valve degeneration.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Several factors were associated with the occurrence of severe PPM, including: advanced age,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> female gender,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> large body surface area (BSA) and body mass index (BMI), presence of diabetes, hypertension, small aortic valve annulus (&lt; 21 mm),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> and bioprosthesis implantation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>There are few studies on the incidence and impact of PPM in Brazil. Oliveira <italic>et al.</italic> observed that 17% of patients with EOA &lt; 0.75 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> showed no increased mortality during a 10-year follow-up.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> There are some interesting features specific to the Brazilian population, such as the higher prevalence of rheumatic fever, a large proportion of patients with a small BSA, and implantation of prosthesis with iEOAs not reported according to the normal reference values provided by the medical society guidelines and recommendations.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Furthermore, the analysis of preoperative factors that predict the occurrence of PPM is essential for its prevention.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of PPM in a representative population treated in the Brazilian Public Health System and to identify the preoperative factors that are associated with the occurrence of PPM.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <p>In this cross-sectional retrospective study, performed from January 2011 to July 2016, we included patients older than 18 years who underwent AVR. Patients who died prior the first postoperative echocardiography or with incomplete clinical and echocardiographic data were excluded. Informed consent was obtained from each patient and the study protocol conforms to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki as reflected in a priori approval by the institution&#8217;s human research committee.</p>
      <p>All subjects underwent surgical AVR and transthoracic echocardiogram (ETT) within 30 days after surgery. Three hundred and sixteen (316) patients met the inclusion criteria. However, data of indexed EOA (iEOA) to determine the degree of PPM was available only in 176 patients. These data were not found in the echocardiogram report, nor were the values for calculation in images available at the hospital imaging server in 140 patients. After the publication of the European prosthetics guidelines<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> there was mandatory standardization for calculation of iEOA in our Echocardiogram Laboratory.</p>
      <p>The echocardiographic evaluation was performed following the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography Guideline, obtaining two-dimensional, pulsed and continuous Doppler and M mode images with Philips HDI 5000, HD 7, iE33 or GE E9 ultrasound systems with 2-5 Hz multifrequency transducer. The left atrial volume and ejection fraction (EF) were measured by Simpson's method (for LVEF &lt; 53%) or Teicholz (for LVEF &#8805; 53%). LV mass was obtained by the Devereux formula (measured from M or 2-dimensional mode) and indexed to the BSA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> LV diameters were obtained by M or bi-dimensional mode.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> LV outflow tract (LVOT) was evaluated at the plane before the aortic valve,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> the peak and mean gradients, the velocity time integrals (VTI) ratio of the LVOT and aortic prosthesis and the calculation of EOA were performed according to the ASE recommendations. EOA = (LVOT area &#215; LVOT VTI)/Aortic flow VTI).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">10</xref> The calculation of EOA was indexed to BSA estimated by the Dubois and Dubois formula: BSA = (Weight<sup>0.425</sup> &#215; Height<sup>0.725</sup>) &#215; 0.007184 and was used to identify the degree of PPM.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
			</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Definitions of PPM</title>
        <p>Definition #1: PPM was defined as severe if iEOA was &lt; 0.65 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>, moderate if iEAO was between 0.65 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> and 0.85 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> and absent if iEOA &gt; 0.85 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>.</p>
        <p>Definition #2: We also used the definition of PPM adjusted for high BMI as recommended by European recommendations.<sup>1</sup> For BMI &lt; 30 mg/kg, moderate PPD is considered if iEOA is &lt; 0.70 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> and severe if iEOA &lt; 0.55 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>. Definition #3: Severe PPM was also defined on the basis of the mean transprosthetic gradient &gt; 20 mmHg.</p>
        <p>We tested three different definitions for PPM in this study population to check which of them would identify better variables associated with mismatch.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>Continuous variables with normal distribution were presented as mean and standard deviation and categorical variables in absolute numbers and percentages with confidence intervals, when necessary. Means of the three PPM groups were compared with one-way ANOVA after the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Tukey's post hoc test. For categorical variables, a Chi-square test was use to compare proportions and frequencies. The association between preoperative variables and occurrence of severe PPM was assessed using the Poisson regression with robust variance model. In the univariate analysis, the association between each independent variable and the occurrence of PPM was assessed, and those that presented p &lt; 0.1 were selected for entry into the multivariable analysis. The multivariable models were built by the consecutive exclusion of one variable from each complete model that presented the highest value of p of the Wald test, as described by Hosmer and Lemeshow. Data for multivariable models were complete for 148 patients.</p>
        <p>A receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the predictive value of the multivariable model for the prediction of severe PPM. ROC analysis was performed only for the PPM definition with more independent variables in the study, i.e., Definition #2.</p>
        <p>The analyses were conducted using the SAS 9.4 software and p &lt; 0.05 was considered significant.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Frequency and Comparison of PPM Groups</title>
        <p>Severe and moderate PPM occurred in 33.4% and 36.2% of patients, respectively. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tables 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">2</xref> compare baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of the 3 PPM groups. Even though 19% of the patients (34 patients out of 176 with PPD data) had rheumatic etiology, few presented significant mitral valve disease and underwent concomitant valve surgery (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>). There was loss of iEOA data in 140 patients with an average gradient of 18.7 &#177; 7 mmHg and a peak of 32.1 &#177; 5 mmHg. Patients with severe PPM were younger and had larger BSA and BMI, smaller LVOT diameter, and higher prevalence of rheumatic heart disease. There was low incidence of aortic root enlargement at the time of surgery in all groups. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref> shows the types and numbers of implanted prostheses and was presented in a descriptive way according to the type, number and category of PPD. There was a wide range of types and sizes of prostheses used in the AVR, which makes it impossible to analyze the association between prosthesis type, prosthesis number and degree of PPD. The data in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref> is too sparse to allow for any statistical model. Saint Jude bioprosthesis was implanted in 58% of patients (it is the most frequent), but cannot be tested as a determinant of PPM.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Baseline clinical characteristics of the PPM groups (176 patients Definition #2)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">No PPM 30.4%(54)</th>
                <th align="center">Moderate PPM 36.2% (64)</th>
                <th align="center">Severe PPM 33.4% (58)</th>
                <th align="center">p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Age (years)</td>
                <td align="center">55 &#177; 17<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">60 &#177; 15<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">&#9532;</xref></sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">52 &#177; 16<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.0335</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Female/male gender %</td>
                <td align="center">11/19</td>
                <td align="center">15/21.2</td>
                <td align="center">14/20.4</td>
                <td align="center">0.78</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">BSA (m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
                <td align="center">1.70 &#177; 0.24</td>
                <td align="center">1.71 &#177; 0.17<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">1.8 &#177; 0.21<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.016</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">BMI (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
                <td align="center">25 &#177; 3.37<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">26 &#177; 4.42<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">&#9532;</xref></sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">27 &#177; 5.17<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.03</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">SBP (mmHg)</td>
                <td align="center">120 &#177; 15<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">117 &#177; 18<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">&#9532;</xref></sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">111 &#177; 15<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.03</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">DBP (mmHg)</td>
                <td align="center">72 &#177; 14<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">66 &#177; 11<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">68 &#177; 13</td>
                <td align="center">0.028</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">HR bpm</td>
                <td align="center">83 &#177; 14</td>
                <td align="center">83 &#177; 14</td>
                <td align="center">87 &#177; 13</td>
                <td align="center">0.26</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hypertension%</td>
                <td align="center">17.6</td>
                <td align="center">22.1</td>
                <td align="center">17.6</td>
                <td align="center">0.54</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diabetes%</td>
                <td align="center">2.8</td>
                <td align="center">5.1</td>
                <td align="center">4.6</td>
                <td align="center">0.77</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">CABG%</td>
                <td align="center">6.3</td>
                <td align="center">8</td>
                <td align="center">4</td>
                <td align="center">0.25</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Renal Disease</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">0.4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Aortic Root enlargement %</td>
                <td align="center">1.7</td>
                <td align="center">1.1</td>
                <td align="center">3.4</td>
                <td align="center">0.27</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Mitral valve surgery %</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1.14</td>
                <td align="center">0.57</td>
                <td align="center">0.63</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Valve disease Etiology (%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.003</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Rheumatic</td>
                <td align="center">4(9.5)</td>
                <td align="center">8(14.55)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">22(43.1)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Degenerative</td>
                <td align="center">21(50)</td>
                <td align="center">29(52.8)</td>
                <td align="center">19(37.3)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Congenital (Bicuspid)</td>
                <td align="center">11(26.2)</td>
                <td align="center">10(8.2)</td>
                <td align="center">7(13.7)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Aortic Root Dilation</td>
                <td align="center">6(14.3)</td>
                <td align="center">8(14.6)</td>
                <td align="center">3(5.9)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Type of Prosthesis Biop./Mech. %</td>
                <td align="center">24/6.4</td>
                <td align="center">31/5.2</td>
                <td align="center">31.4/2</td>
                <td align="center">0.27</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <label>&#9532;</label>
              <p>p &lt; 0.05 between no PPM and moderate PPM.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>p &lt; 0.05 between moderate and severe PPM.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <p>BSA: body surface area; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HR: heart rate; CABG: coronary bypass graft; Biop.: biological; Mech: mechanical.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Table 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Postoperative Doppler-Echocardiographic Data According to PPM Groups (176 patients- Definition# 2)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">No PPM 30.4% (54)</th>
                <th align="center">Moderate PPM 36.2% (64)</th>
                <th align="center">Severe PPM 33.4% (58)</th>
                <th align="center">p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LVEF %</td>
                <td align="center">57 &#177; 14%</td>
                <td align="center">60 &#177; 14%</td>
                <td align="center">58 &#177; 14%</td>
                <td align="center">0.75</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Vmax Ao cm/s</td>
                <td align="center">273 &#177; 15</td>
                <td align="center">306 &#177; 25</td>
                <td align="center">335 &#177; 18</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.002</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Peak Gradient (mmHg)</td>
                <td align="center">30 &#177; 14<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">37 &#177; 14<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#9532;</xref></sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">45.1 &#177; 20<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Mean Gradient (mmHg)</td>
                <td align="center">18 &#177; 8<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">21 &#177; 8<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#9532;</xref></sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">28 &#177; 13<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">EOA cm<sup>2</sup></td>
                <td align="center">1.78 &#177; 0.43<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">1.3 &#177; 0.2<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#9532;</xref></sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.52 &#177; 0.1<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">EOA/BSA cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                <td align="center">1.05 &#177; 0.17<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">0.73 &#177; 0.06<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#9532;</xref></sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.51 &#177; 0.1<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">VTI LVOT/VTI Ao valve</td>
                <td align="center">0.49 &#177; 0.1<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">0.41 &#177; 0.07<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#9532;</xref></sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.33 &#177; 0.08<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LVOT diameter (cm)</td>
                <td align="center">2.15 &#177; 0.3<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center">2.02 &#177; 0.24<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#9532;</xref></sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">1.92 &#177; 0.22<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.04</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LV mass index g/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                <td align="center">115 &#177; 42</td>
                <td align="center">119 &#177; 38</td>
                <td align="center">117 &#177; 35</td>
                <td align="center">0.84</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">LA index volume ml/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                <td align="center">32 &#177; 12</td>
                <td align="center">33 &#177; 10</td>
                <td align="center">33 &#177; 12</td>
                <td align="center">0.72</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ascending Aorta cm</td>
                <td align="center">3.6 &#177; 0.72</td>
                <td align="center">3.6 &#177; 0.74</td>
                <td align="center">3.5 &#177; 0.56</td>
                <td align="center">0.29</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <label>&#9532;</label>
              <p>p &lt; 0.05 between no PPM and moderate PPM.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN5">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>p &lt; 0.05 between moderate and severe PPM.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN6">
              <p>LVEF: left ventricle ejection fraction; EAO: effective orifice area; BSA: body surface area; VTI: velocity time integral; LVOT: left ventricle outflow tract; Ao: aortic; LV: left ventricle; LA: left atrium. NA: not available.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Table 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Type and number of implanted prosthesis</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Types of Prostheses</th>
                <th align="center">Number</th>
                <th align="center">No PPM</th>
                <th align="center">Moderate PPM</th>
                <th align="center">Severe PPM</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Labcor Biological</td>
                <td align="center">19</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">25</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Carpentier Edwards</td>
                <td align="center">19</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">21</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">3</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">23</td>
                <td align="center">3</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">25</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">St Jude Biological</td>
                <td align="center">18</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">19</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">21</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">8</td>
                <td align="center">12</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">23</td>
                <td align="center">8</td>
                <td align="center">20</td>
                <td align="center">21</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">25</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">7</td>
                <td align="center">3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">27</td>
                <td align="center">6</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">St. Jude Mechanical</td>
                <td align="center">19</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">21</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">3</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">23</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">25</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">27</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="2">Non-Specific Mechanical</td>
                <td align="center">18</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">19</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">23</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">25</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">27</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">28</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="2">Non-Specific Biological</td>
                <td align="center">19</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">21</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">3</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">23</td>
                <td align="center">6</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">25</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">27</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hancock Biological</td>
                <td align="center">23</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">25</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
								</td>
                <td align="center">27</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Biocor Biological</td>
                <td align="center">23</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Medtronic Mechanical</td>
                <td align="center">21</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN7">
              <p>Descriptive Table of aortic prosthesis implanted in the present study.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN8">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>No description of prosthesis type in files or surgery report.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Preoperative Determinants of Severe PPM</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Determinants of severe PPM according to Definition #1 (indexed EOA&lt; 0.65 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>)</title>
          <p>In univariate analysis (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 4</xref>), there was an association between severe PPM and the following variables: age &lt; 60 years, BSA &gt; 1.74 m<sup>2</sup>, rheumatic heart disease as the etiology of aortic valve disease and not performing aortic root enlargement. Multivariable analysis (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 4</xref>) revealed that preoperative variables independently were the same as in univariate analysis, except for not performing aortic root enlargement. The tolerance indicator for multicollinearity was 0.78, indicating that there is no strong multicollinearity among the independent variables.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t4">
            <label>Table 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Poisson Multivariable analysis for severe PPM (Definition #1; EOAi &lt; 0.65 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>; n = 148 patients)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" rowspan="2">Variables</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Crude RP</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Adjusted RP</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center">RP (CI 95 %)</th>
                  <th align="center">p-value</th>
                  <th align="center">RP (CI 95%)</th>
                  <th align="center">p-value</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Gender</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.7982</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Female</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Male</td>
                  <td align="center">1.06 (0.67-1.67)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.7982</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Age</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0078</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0134</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&lt; 60 years</td>
                  <td align="center">1.98 (1.20- 3.29)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0078</td>
                  <td align="center">2.06 (1.16- 3.67)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&#8805; 60 years</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>BSA</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0571</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0176</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&#8804; 1.74 m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&gt; 1.74 m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1.56 (0.99- 2.46)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0571</td>
                  <td align="center">1.65 (1.09; 2.50)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>BMI</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0168</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0030</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&lt; 25 Kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&gt; 25 Kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1.80 (1.11- 2.91)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0168</td>
                  <td align="center">1.89 (1.24-2.87)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Main Diagnosis</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.6092</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Stenosis</td>
                  <td align="center">1.28 (0.78- 2.12)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.3283</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Regurgitation</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Balanced</td>
                  <td align="center">1.11 (0.48- 2.55)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.8039</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Etiology of AV Disease</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0009</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0028</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Rheumatic</td>
                  <td align="center">3.50 (1.21-10.11)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0206</td>
                  <td align="center">4.00 (1.49-10.77)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0060</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Degenerative</td>
                  <td align="center">1.56 (0.52- 4.67)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.4262</td>
                  <td align="center">2.17 (0.79-5.97)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.1331</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Congenital (bicuspid)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.82 (0.57- 5.81)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.3107</td>
                  <td align="center">1.78 (0.63- 5.01)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.2779</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Aortic Root Dilation</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Reoperation</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.3379</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">No</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">1.29 (0.76-2.19)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.3379</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Hypertension</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.1400</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">No</td>
                  <td align="center">1.39 (0.90- 2.14)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.1400</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Diabetes</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.4760</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">No</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">1.23 (0.69- 2.20)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.4760</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>CABG</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.1013</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">No</td>
                  <td align="center">1.87 (0.88- 3.95)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.1013</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Type of Prosthesis</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.1398</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Biop.</td>
                  <td align="center">1.98 (0.80- 4.93)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.1398</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Mech</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>LVOT Enlargement</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0374</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">No</td>
                  <td align="center">1.86 (1.04- 3.34)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0374</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>LV mass index</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0902</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&#8804; 127 g/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1.48 (0.94- 2.32)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0902</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&gt; 127 g/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Ejection Fraction</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.1093</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&#8804; 64 %</td>
                  <td align="center">1.44 (0.92-2.25)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.1093</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&gt; 64 %</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>LVOT diameter</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0069</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>&lt; 0.0001</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&#8804; 2.1 cm</td>
                  <td align="center">2.15 (1.23-3.74)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0069</td>
                  <td align="center">2.88 (1.71-4.84)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&gt; 2.1 cm</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN9">
                <p>EOAi: Effective orifice area index; RP: relative prevalence; CI: confidence interval; BSA: Body Surface Area; BMI: Body Mass Index; CABG: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft; LVOT: Left Ventricle Outflow Tract; LV: Left Ventricle; AV: aortic valve.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Determinants of severe PPM according to Definition #2 (indexed EOA &lt; 0,65 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> for patients with BMI &lt; 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and EOA &lt; 0.55 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> for BMI &gt; 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup></title>
          <p>In addition to the independent variables described in the analysis above using the cut-off value of &lt; 0.65 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> for severe PPM, we found that male gender is an independent determinant of PPM when BMI is considered as a parameter for reclassification of severe PPM to iEOA &#8804; 0.55 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>. However, BSA was not an independent variable within this new model. Univariate and multivariate analysis are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Table 5</xref>.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t5">
            <label>Table 5</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Poisson Multivariable analysis for severe PPM (Definition #2: indexed EOA &lt; 0.65 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> for BMI &lt; 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and &lt; 0.55 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> for BMI &#8805; 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; n = 148 patients) </title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" rowspan="2">Variables</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Crude RP</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Adjusted RP</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center">RP (CI 95 %)</th>
                  <th align="center">p-value</th>
                  <th align="center">RP (CI 95%)</th>
                  <th align="center">p-value</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Gender</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.6856</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,0255</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Female</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Male</td>
                  <td align="center">1.10 (0.68-1.79)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.6856</td>
                  <td align="center">1,67 (1,06-2,61)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Age</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0057</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0025</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&lt; 60 years</td>
                  <td align="center">2.17 (1,25- 3.75)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0057</td>
                  <td align="center">2.6 (1.4- 4.84)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&#8805; 60 years</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>BSA</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.2015</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&#8804; 1.74 m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&gt; 1.74 m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1.36 (0.85- 2.19)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.2015</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>BMI</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0657</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0034</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&lt; 25 Kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&gt; 25 Kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1.59 (0.97- 2.61)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0657</td>
                  <td align="center">1.95 (1.25-3.06)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Main Diagnosis</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.7166</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Stenosis</td>
                  <td align="center">1.25 (0.73- 2.13)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.4152</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Regurgitation</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Balanced</td>
                  <td align="center">1.19 (0.51- 2.76)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.6850</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Etiology of Aortic Valve Disease</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0010</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0030</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Rheumatic</td>
                  <td align="center">3.33 (1.15-9.67)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0267</td>
                  <td align="center">3,29 (1.22-8.92)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0190</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Degenerative</td>
                  <td align="center">1.56 (0.52- 4.67)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.5545</td>
                  <td align="center">1.95 (0.69-5.50)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.2079</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Congenital (bicuspid)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.82 (0.57- 5.81)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.4244</td>
                  <td align="center">1.32 (0.44- 3.98)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.6245</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Aortic Root Dilation</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Reoperation</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.1909</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">No</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">1.43 (0.84-2.44)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.1909</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Hypertension</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0820</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">No</td>
                  <td align="center">1.51 (0.95- 2.39)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0820</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Diabetes</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.9325</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">No</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">0.97 (0.48- 1.97)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.9325</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>CABG</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0815</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">No</td>
                  <td align="center">2.1 (0.91- 4.82)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0815</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Type of Prosthesis</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.1993</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Bio</td>
                  <td align="center">1.82 (0.73- 4.53)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.1993</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Mec</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>LVOT Enlargement</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0186</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">No</td>
                  <td align="center">2.03 (1.13- 3.68)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0186</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>LV mass index</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.2952</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&#8804; 127 g/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1.29 (0.80; 2.06)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.2952</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&gt; 127 g/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Ejection Fraction</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0517</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&#8804; 64 %</td>
                  <td align="center">1.61 (1.00; 2.60)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0517</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&gt; 64 %</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>LVOT diameter</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0042</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>&lt; 0.0001</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&#8804; 2,1 cm</td>
                  <td align="center">2.45 (1.33-4.52)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0042</td>
                  <td align="center">3.58 (2.01-6.39)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&gt; 2,1 cm</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN10">
                <p>EOAi: Effective orifice area index; RP: relative prevalence; CI: confidence interval; BSA: Body Surface Area; BMI: Body Mass Index; CABG: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft; LVOT: Left Ventricle Outflow Tract; LV: Left Ventricle; AV: aortic valve.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Determinants of severe PPM according to Definition #3 (mean prosthesis gradient &#8805; 20 mmHg and iEOA &#8804; 0,65 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>)</title>
          <p>With this definition, only age &lt; 60 years (PR: 3.33; IC 95%: 1.56-7.12) and LVOT diameter &lt; 2.1 cm (PR = 1.68; IC 95%: 0.87-3.21) were independently associated with severe PPM. Complete analysis is described in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Table 6</xref>.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t6">
            <label>Table 6</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Poisson Multivariable analysis for severe PPM (Definition #3: mean transprosthetic gradient &gt; 20 mmHg ; n = 148 patients)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" rowspan="2">Variables</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Crude RP</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Adjusted RP</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center">RP (CI 95 %)</th>
                  <th align="center">p-value</th>
                  <th align="center">RP (CI 95%)</th>
                  <th align="center">p-value</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Gender</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.5995</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Female</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Male</td>
                  <td align="center">1.17 (0.65-2.13)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.5995</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0004</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Age</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0019</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0004</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&lt; 60 years</td>
                  <td align="center">3.33 (1.56- 7.12)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0019</td>
                  <td align="center">3.94(1.85- 8.39)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&#8805; 60 years</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>BSA</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.7720</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&#8804; 1.74 m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&gt; 1.74 m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1.09 (0.62- 1.92)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.7720</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>BMI</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.2905</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&lt; 25 Kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&gt; 25 Kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1.37 (0.76-2.47)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.2905</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Main Diagnosis</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.4620</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Stenosis</td>
                  <td align="center">1.54 (0.77- 3.06)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.2178</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Regurgitation</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Balanced</td>
                  <td align="center">1.48 (0.53- 4.14)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.4531</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Etiology of Aortic Valve Disease</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0035</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Rheumatic</td>
                  <td align="center">4.00 (1.04-15.43)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0441</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Degenerative</td>
                  <td align="center">1.35 (0.33- 5.55)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.6728</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Congenital (bicuspid)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.12 (0.5- 9.07)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.3087</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Aortic Root Dilation</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Reoperation</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.4442</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">No</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">1.31 (0.65-2.63)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.4442</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Hypertension</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.1297</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">No</td>
                  <td align="center">1.55 (0.88- 2.73)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.1297</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>DM</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.7270</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">No</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">0.85 (0.34- 2.13)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.7270</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>CABG</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.1715</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">No</td>
                  <td align="center">1.95 (0.75- 5.08)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.1715</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Type of Prosthesis</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.5560</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Bio</td>
                  <td align="center">1.32 (0.52- 3.35)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.5560</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Mec</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>LVOT Enlargement</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0427</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">No</td>
                  <td align="center">2.19 (1.03- 4.66)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0427</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>LV mass index</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.7019</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&#8804; 127 g/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1.12 (0.63-1.97)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.7019</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&gt; 127 g/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Ejection Fraction</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0409</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&#8804; 64%</td>
                  <td align="center">1.87 (1.03-3.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0409</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&gt; 64%</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>LVOT diameter</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.1198</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0.0138</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&#8804; 2,1 cm</td>
                  <td align="center">1.68 (0.87-3.21)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.1198</td>
                  <td align="center">2.2 (1.17-4.14)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0138</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&gt; 2,1 cm</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN11">
                <p>Legend: BSA: Body Surface Area; BMI: Body Mass Index; CABG: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft; LVOT: Left Ventricle Outflow Tract; LV: Left Ventricle.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Accuracy and Mathematical model for Prediction of Severe PPM with preoperative variables</title>
          <p>We tested the accuracy of the predictive model for severe PPM using <italic>Definition # 2,</italic> for its precision in identifying more independent variables compared with the other definitions. The area under the ROC curve was 0.82 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f1">
              <label>Figure 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>ROC curve: accuracy of the multivariable model for prediction of severe PPM (Definition #2:)</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-114-01-0012-90231-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>In addition, to calculate the individual risk of a patient to develop severe PPM, we built a mathematical model summarized by a formula based on multivariate logistic regression analysis (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Table 7</xref>). With this formula, it is possible to calculate the individual risk of PPM for each patient before surgery (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Table 7</xref>).</p>
          <table-wrap id="t7">
            <label>Table 7</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Formula for individual risk and coefficient of each variable for severe mismatch probability calculation (Definition #2)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="33%"/>
                <col width="33%"/>
                <col width="33%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Parameter</th>
                  <th align="center">
									</th>
                  <th align="center">Estimate</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Intercept</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">-5,54</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Age</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 60</td>
                  <td align="center">1,75</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Male gender</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,79</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">LVOT Diameter</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8804; 2.1</td>
                  <td align="center">2,25</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">BMI</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8805; 25 Kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1,12</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Etiology of Aortic Valve Disease</td>
                  <td align="center">Congenital (bicuspid)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,41</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Etiology of Aortic Valve Disease</td>
                  <td align="center">Degenerative</td>
                  <td align="center">1,10</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Etiology of Aortic Valve Disease</td>
                  <td align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Rheumatic</td>
                  <td align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">2,15</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="3">
                    <inline-formula>
                      <mml:math id="e1">
                        <mml:semantics>
                          <mml:mstyle mathsize="12.0pt">
                            <mml:mi>Probability</mml:mi>
                            <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                            <mml:mi>of</mml:mi>
                            <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                            <mml:mi>severe</mml:mi>
                            <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                            <mml:mi>PPM</mml:mi>
                            <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
                            <mml:mfrac>
                              <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>
                              <mml:mrow>
                                <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>
                                <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>
                                <mml:msup>
                                  <mml:mi>e</mml:mi>
                                  <mml:mfenced close=")" open="(">
                                    <mml:mrow>
                                      <mml:mo mathvariant="italic">&#8722;</mml:mo>
                                      <mml:mn>5</mml:mn>
                                      <mml:mi>.</mml:mi>
                                      <mml:mn>54</mml:mn>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>
                                      <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>
                                      <mml:mi>.</mml:mi>
                                      <mml:mn>75</mml:mn>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mi>age</mml:mi>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mo mathvariant="italic">+</mml:mo>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>
                                      <mml:mi>.</mml:mi>
                                      <mml:mn>79</mml:mn>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mi>male</mml:mi>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mo mathvariant="italic">+</mml:mo>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
                                      <mml:mi>.</mml:mi>
                                      <mml:mn>25</mml:mn>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mi>LVOT</mml:mi>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mi>diam</mml:mi>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mo mathvariant="italic">+</mml:mo>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>
                                      <mml:mi>.</mml:mi>
                                      <mml:mn>12</mml:mn>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mi>BMI</mml:mi>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mo mathvariant="italic">+</mml:mo>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>
                                      <mml:mi>.</mml:mi>
                                      <mml:mn>41</mml:mn>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mi>Etiol</mml:mi>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mi>Cong</mml:mi>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mo mathvariant="italic">+</mml:mo>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>
                                      <mml:mi>.</mml:mi>
                                      <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mi>Etiol</mml:mi>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mi>deg</mml:mi>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mo mathvariant="italic">+</mml:mo>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
                                      <mml:mi>.</mml:mi>
                                      <mml:mn>15</mml:mn>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mi>Etiol</mml:mi>
                                      <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                      <mml:mi>Rheum</mml:mi>
                                    </mml:mrow>
                                  </mml:mfenced>
                                </mml:msup>
                              </mml:mrow>
                            </mml:mfrac>
                          </mml:mstyle>
                        </mml:semantics>
                      </mml:math>
                    </inline-formula>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN12">
                <p>Legend: PPM patient prosthesis mismatch; BMI: Body Mass Index; LVOT Diam: Left Ventricle Outflow Tract Diameter; Etiol Cong: Etiology Congenital; Etiol Deg: etiology degenerative; Etiol Rheum: Etiology Rheumatic.</p>
                <p>Observation: To determine the probabilities based on the above equation, one must use the design matrix on Table 6, if the variable present. For example: if a patient is &lt; 60 years old, one must replace the variable age by the value 1 and multiply it by the value of its coefficient. If it is older than or equal to 60, one should replace the variable age by zero.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>One of the main findings of this study is that frequency of severe PPM is high after AVR in patients treated in the Brazilian Public Health System in a representative tertiary center. The prevalence of severe PPM in this study was 33% compared to up to 20% previously described.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Oliveira et al. described lower prevalence of PPM in Brazilian patients with small aortic annulus (16.8%). However, their cutoff points for definition of PPM was different from the present study.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> Another significant finding is that degenerative aortic stenosis is the main cause of aortic valve disease in our study (50%), but rheumatic etiology remains high, compared to data reported in developed countries (19%).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> In addition, rheumatic etiology is independently associated with the risk of severe PPM.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>PPM Characteristics</title>
        <p>Similarly to other studies,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> patients with severe PPM had larger BSA and BMI <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> and smaller LVOT diameters.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Patients with severe PPM in our study were younger compared to those in previous studies and mostly males.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> This finding could be explained by the inclusion of aortic regurgitation in our study, to explain male gender as an independent variable, and by the significant proportion of patients with rheumatic etiology, to explain the predominance of younger individuals with PPM.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Determinants of Severe PPM</title>
        <p>A very important application of our findings is in the identification of independent preoperative variables which determine the risk of severe PPM. From these variables we built a predictive model that enables the identification of individual risk for development of severe PPM. This model can be used to identify patients at high risk for severe PPM prior to AVR and to implement preventive strategies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A larger BMI (&gt; 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), male gender, smaller LVOT diameter (&lt; 2.1 cm), younger age (&#8804; 60 years) and rheumatic etiology were determinants of high risk for severe PPM. Based on the predictive model proposed in this study, preventive strategies should be contemplated, including aortic root enlargement and implantation of prosthetic valves with superior hemodynamic performance with surgical or transcatheter procedure<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> In this study population, transcatheter implantation is controversial because the procedure is approved for high surgical risk in patients, who are usually older and at a higher level of frailty. This study also raises the importance for improving the hemodynamic performance of the prosthetic valves implanted in the Brazilian Public Health System. However, we must consider the costs of using stentless prostheses in the public health system, which may have a negative impact cost to treat the population more comprehensively.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Potential Limitations and Strengths of the Study</title>
        <p>This was a retrospective study with limited data available of the iEOA in part of the population. It is important to emphasize that it was possible to obtain the indexed effective orifice data - the main parameter for the differentiation of PPM - in only 55% of the study population. Hence, the 45% of patients with missing data could generate bias and increase the prevalence of severe PPM. The type of prosthesis used was not found in some patients, in spite of being exhaustively searched in medical records. No long-term echocardiographic and clinical follow-up data was available to assess the effect of PPM on outcomes. However, this is the first study to show a high frequency of PPM in AVR performed in the Brazilian Public Health System. In addition, our study was able to build a mathematical model to predict PPM and find preoperative independent variables related to the implantation of small prosthesis. Further studies are needed to apply and validate this model in other populations.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>Severe aortic PPM is frequent among patients operated in the Brazilian Public Health System. The independent preoperative determinants of severe PPM in this population were: larger BMI, male gender, smaller LVOT diameter, younger age and rheumatic etiology. We developed a mathematical model including these preoperative variables in order to predict the risk of severe PPM prior to surgery. This model may be useful to implement prospective preventive strategies in patients identified as being at risk for severe PPM. Small prosthesis in big patients should be avoided.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Instituto de Cardiologia do Distrito Federal under the protocol number 061/2010. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 Lancellotti P, Pibarot P, Chambers J, Edvardsen T, Delgado V, Dulghero R, et al. Recommendations for the imaging assessment of prosthetic heart valves: a report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging endorsed by the Chinese Society of Echocardiography, the Inter-American Society of Echocardiography, and the Brazilian Department of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;17(6):589-90.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lancellotti</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pibarot</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chambers</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Edvardsen</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Delgado</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dulghero</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Recommendations for the imaging assessment of prosthetic heart valves: a report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging endorsed by the Chinese Society of Echocardiography, the Inter-American Society of Echocardiography, and the Brazilian Department of Cardiovascular Imaging</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>17</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>589</fpage>
          <lpage>590</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2 Rahimtoola SH. The problem of valve prosthesis-patient mismatch. Circulation. 1978;58(1):20-4.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Rahimtoola</surname>
              <given-names>SH</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The problem of valve prosthesis-patient mismatch</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>1978</year>
          <volume>58</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>20</fpage>
          <lpage>24</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3 Head SJ, Mokhles MM, Osnabrugge RL, Pibarot P, Mack MG, Takkenbert JJ, et al. The impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch on long-term survival after aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 34 observational studies comprising 27 186 patients with 133 141 patient-years. Eur Heart J. 2012;33(12):1518-29.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Head</surname>
              <given-names>SJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mokhles</surname>
              <given-names>MM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Osnabrugge</surname>
              <given-names>RL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pibarot</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mack</surname>
              <given-names>MG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Takkenbert</surname>
              <given-names>JJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch on long-term survival after aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 34 observational studies comprising 27 186 patients with 133 141 patient-years</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>33</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>1518</fpage>
          <lpage>1529</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4 Pibarot P, Dumesnil JG. Valve prosthesis-patient mismatch, 1978 to 2011: from original concept to compelling evidence. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(13):1136-9.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Pibarot</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dumesnil</surname>
              <given-names>JG</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Valve prosthesis-patient mismatch, 1978 to 2011: from original concept to compelling evidence</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>60</volume>
          <issue>13</issue>
          <fpage>1136</fpage>
          <lpage>1139</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5 Mohty D, Malouf JF, Girard SE, Schaff HV, Grill DE, Enriquez-Sarano ME, et al. Impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch on long-term survival in patients with small St Jude Medical mechanical prostheses in the aortic position. Circulation. 2006;113(3):420-6.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Mohty</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Malouf</surname>
              <given-names>JF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Girard</surname>
              <given-names>SE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schaff</surname>
              <given-names>HV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Grill</surname>
              <given-names>DE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Enriquez-Sarano</surname>
              <given-names>ME</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch on long-term survival in patients with small St Jude Medical mechanical prostheses in the aortic position</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2006</year>
          <volume>113</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>420</fpage>
          <lpage>426</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>6 Dayan V, Vignolo G, Soca G, Paganini JJ, Brusich D, Pibarot P. Predictors and outcomes of prosthesis-patient mismatch after aortic valve replacement. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;9(8):924-33.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Dayan</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Vignolo</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Soca</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Paganini</surname>
              <given-names>JJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brusich</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pibarot</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Predictors and outcomes of prosthesis-patient mismatch after aortic valve replacement</article-title>
          <source>JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>9</volume>
          <issue>8</issue>
          <fpage>924</fpage>
          <lpage>933</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>7 Blais C, Dumesnil JG, Baillot R, Simard S, Doyle D, Pibarot P. Impact of valve prosthesis-patient mismatch on short-term mortality after aortic valve replacement. Circulation. 2003;108(8):983-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Blais</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dumesnil</surname>
              <given-names>JG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Baillot</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Simard</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Doyle</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pibarot</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Impact of valve prosthesis-patient mismatch on short-term mortality after aortic valve replacement</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2003</year>
          <volume>108</volume>
          <issue>8</issue>
          <fpage>983</fpage>
          <lpage>988</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>8 Mannacio V, Mannacio L, Mango E, Antignano A, Mottola M, Caparrotti S, et al. Severe prosthesis-patient mismatch after aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis: Analysis of risk factors for early and long-term mortality. J Cardiol. 2017;69(1):333-9.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Mannacio</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mannacio</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mango</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Antignano</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mottola</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Caparrotti</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Severe prosthesis-patient mismatch after aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis: Analysis of risk factors for early and long-term mortality</article-title>
          <source>J Cardiol</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>69</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>333</fpage>
          <lpage>339</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>9 de Oliveira JLR, Arnoni RT, dos Santos MA, Almeida AF, Issa M, Arnoni AS, et al. Long-term Mortality Predictors in Patients with Small Aortic Annulus Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement with a 19- or 21-mm Bioprosthesis. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg. 2016;31(4):275-80.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>de Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>JLR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Arnoni</surname>
              <given-names>RT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>dos Santos</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Almeida</surname>
              <given-names>AF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Issa</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Arnoni</surname>
              <given-names>AS</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Long-term Mortality Predictors in Patients with Small Aortic Annulus Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement with a 19- or 21-mm Bioprosthesis</article-title>
          <source>Braz J Cardiovasc Surg</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>31</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>275</fpage>
          <lpage>280</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>10 Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP 3rd, Guyton RA, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014:129(23):e521-643.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Nishimura</surname>
              <given-names>RA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Otto</surname>
              <given-names>CM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bonow</surname>
              <given-names>RO</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Carabello</surname>
              <given-names>BA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Erwin</surname>
              <given-names>JP</given-names>
              <suffix>3rd</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Guyton</surname>
              <given-names>RA</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>129</volume>
          <issue>23</issue>
          <fpage>e521</fpage>
          <lpage>e643</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation>11 Castro LJ, Arcidi JM Jr, Fisher AL, Gaudiani VA. Routine enlargement of the small aortic root: a preventive strategy to minimize mismatch. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;74(1):31-6.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Castro</surname>
              <given-names>LJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Arcidi</surname>
              <given-names>JM</given-names>
              <suffix>Jr</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fisher</surname>
              <given-names>AL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gaudiani</surname>
              <given-names>VA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Routine enlargement of the small aortic root: a preventive strategy to minimize mismatch</article-title>
          <source>Ann Thorac Surg</source>
          <year>2002</year>
          <volume>74</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>31</fpage>
          <lpage>36</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation>12 Dotta F, Torres M, Manfroi W, Guaragna JCVC, Caramoni P, Albuquerque LC, et al. Patient-prosthetic aortic valve mismatch: definition, impact and prevention. Rev Bras Ecocardiogr. 2007;20(4):34-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Dotta</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Torres</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Manfroi</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Guaragna</surname>
              <given-names>JCVC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Caramoni</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Albuquerque</surname>
              <given-names>LC</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Patient-prosthetic aortic valve mismatch: definition, impact and prevention</article-title>
          <source>Rev Bras Ecocardiogr</source>
          <year>2007</year>
          <volume>20</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>34</fpage>
          <lpage>38</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation>13 Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28(1):1-39.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lang</surname>
              <given-names>RM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Badano</surname>
              <given-names>LP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mor-Avi</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Afilalo</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Armstrong</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ernande</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging</article-title>
          <source>J Am Soc Echocardiogr</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>28</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>1</fpage>
          <lpage>39</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation>14 Baumgartner H, Hung J, Bermejo J, Chambers JB, Edvardsen T, Goldstein S, et al. Recommendations on the Echocardiographic Assessment of Aortic Valve Stenosis: A Focused Update from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30(4):372-92.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Baumgartner</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hung</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bermejo</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chambers</surname>
              <given-names>JB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Edvardsen</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Goldstein</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Recommendations on the Echocardiographic Assessment of Aortic Valve Stenosis: A Focused Update from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography</article-title>
          <source>J Am Soc Echocardiogr</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>30</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>372</fpage>
          <lpage>392</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation>15 Dahou A, Mahjoub H, Pibarot P. Prosthesis-patient mismatch after aortic valve replacement. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2016;18(11):67.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Dahou</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mahjoub</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pibarot</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Prosthesis-patient mismatch after aortic valve replacement</article-title>
          <source>Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>18</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>67</fpage>
          <lpage>67</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation>16 Guo L, Zheng J, Chen L, Li R, Ma L, Ni Y, et al. Impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch on short-term outcomes after aortic valve replacement: a retrospective analysis in East China. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2017;12(1):42.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Guo</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zheng</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chen</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Li</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ma</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ni</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch on short-term outcomes after aortic valve replacement: a retrospective analysis in East China</article-title>
          <source>J Cardiothorac Surg</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>12</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>42</fpage>
          <lpage>42</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation>17 Daneshvar SA, Rahimtoola SH. Valve prosthesis-patient mismatch (VP-PM): a long-term perspective. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(13):1123-35.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Daneshvar</surname>
              <given-names>SA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rahimtoola</surname>
              <given-names>SH</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Valve prosthesis-patient mismatch (VP-PM): a long-term perspective</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>60</volume>
          <issue>13</issue>
          <fpage>1123</fpage>
          <lpage>1135</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation>18 Theron A, Pinto J, Grisoli D, Griffiths K, Salaun E, Jaussaud N, et al. Patient-prosthesis mismatch in new generation trans-catheter heart valves: a propensity score analysis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;19(2):225-33.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Theron</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pinto</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Grisoli</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Griffiths</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Salaun</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jaussaud</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Patient-prosthesis mismatch in new generation trans-catheter heart valves: a propensity score analysis</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>19</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>225</fpage>
          <lpage>233</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation>19 Oh JK, Zorn GL 3rd. Prosthesis-patient mismatch: another reason for TAVR? JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;9(8):934-6.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Oh</surname>
              <given-names>JK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zorn</surname>
              <given-names>GL</given-names>
              <suffix>3rd</suffix>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Prosthesis-patient mismatch: another reason for TAVR?</article-title>
          <source>JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>9</volume>
          <issue>8</issue>
          <fpage>934</fpage>
          <lpage>936</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Determinantes da Despropor&#231;&#227;o de Pr&#243;tese A&#243;rtica em Hospital de Atendimento de Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica Brasileiro: Pacientes Grandes ou Pr&#243;teses Pequenas?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2634-4632</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Otto</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Estefania</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando Antibas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo do Nascimento</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Carlos Madruga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mello</surname>
            <given-names>Bianca Corr&#234;a Rocha de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Joyce Gomes Elias</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Maiara Sanchez</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Domingues</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Carolina Pereira Matos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Calzada</surname>
            <given-names>Reyna Pinheiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5592-816X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jreige</surname>
            <given-names>Armindo</given-names>
            <suffix>Jr.</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3847-6445</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Schloicka</surname>
            <given-names>Larissa Lucas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pibarot</surname>
            <given-names>Philippe</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia do Distrito Federal (ICDF), Bras&#237;lia, DF - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Qu&#233;bec Heart &amp; Lung Institute - Valvular Heart Diseases, Quebec - Canad&#225;</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Maria Estefania Otto</bold> Instituto de Cardiologia do Distrito Federal (ICDF) - Aos 02 Bloco B Apto 604. CEP 70660-022, Bras&#237;lia, DF - Brasil E-mail: <email>mariaestefaniaotto@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Otto ME, Atik FA, Lima JGE, Pibarot P; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Otto ME, Moreira MN, Ribeiro LCM, Mello BCR, Domingues ACPM, Calzada RP, Schloicka LL, Ribeiro MS, Jreige Jr. A; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Otto ME, Atik FA, Moreira MN, Mello BCR, Domingues ACPM, Calzada RP, Schloicka LL, Pibarot P, Ribeiro MS, Jreige Jr. A; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Otto ME, Atik FA, Ribeiro LCM, Lima JGE, Calzada RP, Ribeiro MS, Jreige Jr. A; Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Otto ME; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Otto ME, Atik FA, Pibarot P; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Otto ME, Atik FA, Moreira MN, Ribeiro LCM, Mello BCR, Lima JGE, Domingues ACPM, Calzada RP, Schloicka LL, Pibarot P.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>A despropor&#231;&#227;o entre o tamanho da pr&#243;tese a&#243;rtica-paciente (DPP) est&#225; associada a maior mortalidade.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Determinar a frequ&#234;ncia e avaliar vari&#225;veis &#8203;&#8203;pr&#233;-operat&#243;rias associadas &#224; DPP acentuada no cen&#225;rio da sa&#250;de p&#250;blica em hospital terci&#225;rio.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>316 pacientes submetidos &#224; troca valvar a&#243;rtica (TVA), com ecocardiograma realizado nos primeiros 30 dias ap&#243;s cirurgia, foram analisados retrospectivamente. A &#225;rea de orif&#237;cio efetivo indexado (AOEi) da pr&#243;tese foi utilizada para classificar os pacientes em tr&#234;s grupos de acordo com a DPP, considerando o &#237;ndice de massa corporal (IMC): DPP acentuada (AOEi) &lt; 0,65 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>, DPP discreta a moderada (AOEi, 0,65 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> - 0,85 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>) e sem DPP (iEOA &gt; 0,85 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>) para IMC &lt; 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> e DPP acentuada (AOEi) &lt; 0,55 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>), discreta a moderada (AOEi, 0,55 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> - 0,70 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>) e sem DPP (AOEi &gt; 0,7 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>) para IMC &gt; 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica foi considerada com p &lt; 0,05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>A AOEi foi obtida em 176 pacientes. A frequ&#234;ncia de DPP acentuada foi de 33,4% e moderada de 36,2%. Pacientes com DPP acentuada foram mais jovens e com maior IMC, mas menor di&#226;metro da via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (DVSVE). As vari&#225;veis independentes que podem predizer DPP acentuada s&#227;o: g&#234;nero masculino, IMC &gt; 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, idade &lt; 60 anos, DVSVE &lt; 21 mm e etiologia reum&#225;tica com &#225;rea sob a curva ROC de 0,82.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>A frequ&#234;ncia de DPP acentuada &#233; alta em uma popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira submetida &#224; TVA no Sistema P&#250;blico de Sa&#250;de. Os principais determinantes de DPP acentuada s&#227;o: valvopatia reum&#225;tica, g&#234;nero masculino, IMC alto, idade &lt; 60 anos e menor DVSVE.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Pr&#243;teses Valvulares Card&#237;acas/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Percep&#231;&#227;o de Tamanho</kwd>
        <kwd>&#205;ndice de Massa Corporal</kwd>
        <kwd>Cuidados Pr&#233;-Operat&#243;rios</kwd>
        <kwd>Cuidados P&#243;s-Operat&#243;rios</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia/m&#233;todos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>O conceito de despropor&#231;&#227;o entre tamanho de pr&#243;tese e paciente (DPP) ap&#243;s a troca de valva a&#243;rtica (TVA) ocorre quando a &#225;rea do orif&#237;cio efetivo indexado para superf&#237;cie corp&#243;rea (AOEi) da pr&#243;tese inserida &#233; pequena em rela&#231;&#227;o ao tamanho do paciente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> A DPP foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1978,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> quando foi estabelecido seu impacto negativo na morbidade, mortalidade e remodelamento ventricular esquerdo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Gradientes transprot&#233;ticos em pacientes com DPP variam com o d&#233;bito card&#237;aco, que por sua vez &#233; determinado pela &#225;rea de superf&#237;cie corporal (ASC) e a rela&#231;&#227;o de AOEi e gradiente de press&#227;o &#233; curvil&#237;nea. Portanto, AOEi menores que 0,85 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> geram gradientes mais altos com consequ&#234;ncias para o ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A incid&#234;ncia de DPP &#233; vari&#225;vel na faixa de 20 a 70% para DPP moderada e 5 a 20% para DPP acentuada.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> DPP acentuada &#233; associada com aumento de 1,8 vezes na mortalidade,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> tanto precoce<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> como tardia;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> especialmente em pacientes com disfun&#231;&#227;o de VE preexistente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> A DDP est&#225; associada &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o da capacidade funcional, menor regress&#227;o da massa do VE e degenera&#231;&#227;o acelerada das pr&#243;teses biol&#243;gicas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
				</p>
        <p>V&#225;rios fatores foram associados &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia de DPP acentuada, tais como idade avan&#231;ada,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> g&#234;nero feminino,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> maior ASC e &#237;ndice de massa corporal (IMC), presen&#231;a de diabetes, hipertens&#227;o arterial, anel valvar a&#243;rtico pequeno (&lt; 21mm)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> e implante de biopr&#243;teses.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Existem poucos estudos sobre a incid&#234;ncia e impacto da DPP no Brasil. Oliveira et al. observaram 17% dos pacientes com iAOE &lt; 0,75 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> sem aumento da mortalidade durante 10 anos de seguimento.<sup>9</sup> No entanto, algumas caracter&#237;sticas interessantes s&#227;o espec&#237;ficas da popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira, como a maior preval&#234;ncia de febre reum&#225;tica, frequ&#234;ncia alta de pacientes com ASC pequena e implante de pr&#243;teses com AOEi n&#227;o relatadas nos valores de refer&#234;ncia fornecidos nas diretrizes das sociedades m&#233;dicas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Al&#233;m disso, a an&#225;lise dos fatores pr&#233;-operat&#243;rios que predizem a ocorr&#234;ncia de DPP &#233; essencial para a sua preven&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequ&#234;ncia de DPP numa popula&#231;&#227;o representativa tratada pelo Sistema P&#250;blico de Sa&#250;de no Brasil e identificar os fatores pr&#233;-operat&#243;rios associados &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia de DPP acentuada.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <p>Neste estudo transversal retrospectivo realizado de janeiro de 2011 a julho de 2016, inclu&#237;mos pacientes com idade superior a 18 anos submetidos &#224; TVA cir&#250;rgica. Os pacientes que evolu&#237;ram para &#243;bito antes do primeiro ecocardiograma p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio ou com dados cl&#237;nicos e ecocardiogr&#225;ficos incompletos foram exclu&#237;dos. O consentimento informado foi obtido de cada paciente e o protocolo do estudo est&#225; em conformidade com as diretrizes &#233;ticas da Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975. O protocolo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de Pesquisa do Instituto de Cardiologia do Distrito Federal.</p>
        <p>Todos os indiv&#237;duos foram submetidos &#224; TVA cir&#250;rgica e ao ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico (ETT) no prazo de 30 dias ap&#243;s a cirurgia. Trezentos e dezesseis (316) pacientes preencheram os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o. No entanto, os dados de AOEi para determinar o grau de DPP estavam dispon&#237;veis somente para 176 pacientes. Os dados de &#225;rea do orif&#237;cio efetivo indexado n&#227;o foram encontrados no laudo de 140 pacientes, apesar de terem sido procurados para c&#225;lculo em imagens no servidor do hospital. O c&#225;lculo desse valor tornou-se obrigat&#243;rio no nosso Laborat&#243;rio de Ecocardiografia ap&#243;s a publica&#231;&#227;o da diretriz europeia de pr&#243;teses.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica foi realizada seguindo as recomenda&#231;&#245;es da Sociedade Americana de Ecocardiografia (SAE), obtendo imagens bidimensionais de Doppler puls&#225;til e cont&#237;nuo, com os sistemas de ultrassom Philips HDI 5000, HD 7, iE33 ou GE E9, utilizando o transdutor multifrequencial de 2-5 Hz. O volume do &#225;trio esquerdo e a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o (FE) foram obtidos pelo m&#233;todo de Simpson (para FEVE &lt; 53%) ou Teicholz (para FEVE &#8805; 53%). A massa do VE foi calculada pela f&#243;rmula de Devereux (medida a partir do modo M ou bidimensional) e indexada pela ASC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Os di&#226;metros do VE foram obtidos pelo modo M ou bidimensional.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> O di&#226;metro da via de sa&#237;da do VE (DVSVE) foi avaliado no plano antes da valva a&#243;rtica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Os gradientes de pico e m&#233;dio, a raz&#227;o da integral velocidade-tempo (VTI) da via de sa&#237;da do VE e pr&#243;tese a&#243;rtica e o c&#225;lculo de AOEi foram realizados de acordo com as recomenda&#231;&#245;es da SAE. AOE = (&#225;rea VSVE x VTI VSVE) / VTI a&#243;rtico).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> O EOA calculado foi indexado pela ASC calculado pela f&#243;rmula de Dubois e Dubois ASC = (Peso 0,425&#215;Altura 0,725) &#215; 0,007184 e foi usado para identificar o grau de DPP.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
				</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Defini&#231;&#245;es do PPM</title>
          <p>Defini&#231;&#227;o #1: A DPP &#233; definida como acentuada se AOEi for &lt; 0,65 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>, moderada se AOEi estiver entre 0,65 cm<sup>2</sup>/<sup>2</sup> e 0,85 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> e ausente se AOEi &gt; 0,85 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>).</p>
          <p>Defini&#231;&#227;o # 2: Ajustada para o IMC por recomenda&#231;&#227;o da Diretriz Europeia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Nessa defini&#231;&#227;o, s&#227;o utilizados pontos de corte mais baixos de AOEi para pacientes com IMC &#8805; 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. DPP moderada se AOEi for &lt; 0,70 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> e acentuada se AOEi &lt; 0,55 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>.</p>
          <p>Defini&#231;&#227;o # 3: DPP acentuada &#233; definida com base no gradiente transprot&#233;tico m&#233;dio&gt; 20 mmHg.</p>
          <p>Foram testadas tr&#234;s defini&#231;&#245;es diferentes para a DPP nesta popula&#231;&#227;o de estudo para verificar qual delas identificaria melhor as vari&#225;veis independentes que determinam despropor&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise Estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas com distribui&#231;&#227;o normal foram apresentadas em m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o e as categ&#243;ricas em n&#250;meros absolutos e porcentagens com intervalos de confian&#231;a, quando necess&#225;rio. As m&#233;dias dos tr&#234;s grupos com DPP foram comparadas com &#8220;One-Way&#8221; ANOVA, ap&#243;s o teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk, e com compara&#231;&#227;o de m&#233;dias pelo teste de Tukey. Para vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foi utilizado teste de Qui-quadrado para compara&#231;&#227;o das propor&#231;&#245;es ou frequ&#234;ncias. A associa&#231;&#227;o entre as vari&#225;veis pr&#233;-operat&#243;rias e a ocorr&#234;ncia de DPP acentuada foram analisadas por meio da regress&#227;o de Poisson com modelo de vari&#226;ncia robusta. Na an&#225;lise univariada, avaliou-se a associa&#231;&#227;o entre cada vari&#225;vel independente e a ocorr&#234;ncia de DPP. Aquelas que apresentaram p &lt; 0,1 foram selecionados para entrada na an&#225;lise multivariada. Os modelos de an&#225;lise multivari&#225;vel foram constru&#237;dos pela exclus&#227;o consecutiva de uma vari&#225;vel de cada vez, por apresentar o maior valor de p do teste de Wald, conforme descrito por Hosmer e Lemeshow. Os dados para modelos multivari&#225;veis foram completos para 148 pacientes.</p>
          <p>Uma an&#225;lise da curva ROC foi realizada para avaliar a capacidade de predi&#231;&#227;o do valor do modelo multivariado para DPP acentuada. A curva ROC foi aplicada somente no modelo de defini&#231;&#227;o com maior n&#250;mero de vari&#225;veis independentes que, no caso, foi a Defini&#231;&#227;o #2.</p>
          <p>As an&#225;lises foram conduzidas pelo software SAS 9.4 e p &lt; 0,05 foi considerado significativo para an&#225;lises gerais.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Frequ&#234;ncia e Compara&#231;&#227;o de Grupos com DPP</title>
          <p>DPP acentuada e moderada ocorreram em 33,4% e 36,2% dos pacientes, respectivamente. As <xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Tabelas 1</xref> e <xref ref-type="table" rid="t9">2</xref> comparam as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e ecocardiogr&#225;ficas dos 3 grupos. Apesar de 19% (34 pacientes de 176 com dados de DPP) dos pacientes apresentarem etiologia reum&#225;tica, poucos apresentavam les&#227;o mitral significativa e foram submetidos a procedimento concomitante (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">tabela 1</xref>). Houve a perda de dados de AOEi em 140 pacientes que apresentavam gradiente m&#233;dio de 18,7 &#177; 7 mmHg e pico 32,1 &#177; 5 mmHg. Pacientes com DPP acentuada eram mais jovens e apresentavam maior ASC e IMC, menor DVSVE e maior preval&#234;ncia de cardiopatia reum&#225;tica. Houve uma baixa incid&#234;ncia de amplia&#231;&#227;o da via de sa&#237;da do VE na cirurgia em todos os grupos. A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t10">Tabela 3</xref>, que mostra os tipos e n&#250;meros de pr&#243;teses implantadas, foi apresentada de forma descritiva de acordo com o tipo, n&#250;mero e categoria de DPP. Havia um amplo espectro de tipos e tamanhos de pr&#243;teses utilizadas na TVA, o que impossibilita a an&#225;lise da associa&#231;&#227;o entre tipo de pr&#243;tese, n&#250;mero da pr&#243;tese e grau de DPP. Os dados da <xref ref-type="table" rid="t10">Tabela 3</xref> s&#227;o muito esparsos para permitir qualquer modelo estat&#237;stico. A biopr&#243;tese de Saint Jude foi implantada em 58% dos pacientes (&#233; a mais frequente), mas n&#227;o h&#225; uma representa&#231;&#227;o estat&#237;stica.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t8">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas para DPP (176 pacientes Defini&#231;&#227;o #2)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">
									</th>
                  <th align="center">Sem DPP 30.4%(54)</th>
                  <th align="center">DPP Moderada 36.2% (64)</th>
                  <th align="center">DPP Acentuada 33.4% (58)</th>
                  <th align="center">p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Idade (Anos)</td>
                  <td align="center">55 &#177; 17<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                  <td align="center">60 &#177; 15<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">&#9532;</xref></sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">52 &#177; 16<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,033</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">G&#234;nero fem/masc %</td>
                  <td align="center">11/19</td>
                  <td align="center">15/21,2</td>
                  <td align="center">14/20,4</td>
                  <td align="center">0,78</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">ASC (m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
                  <td align="center">1,70 &#177; 0,24</td>
                  <td align="center">1,71 &#177; 0,17<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">1,8 &#177; 0,21<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,016</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IMC (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
                  <td align="center">25 &#177; 3,37</td>
                  <td align="center">26 &#177; 4,42<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">27 &#177; 5,17<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,03</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">PAS (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">120 &#177; 15<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                  <td align="center">117 &#177; 18<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">&#9532;</xref></sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">111 &#177; 15<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,03</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">PAD (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">72 &#177; 14<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                  <td align="center">66 &#177; 11<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                  <td align="center">68 &#177; 13</td>
                  <td align="center">0,028</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">FC bpm</td>
                  <td align="center">83 &#177; 14</td>
                  <td align="center">83 &#177; 14</td>
                  <td align="center">87 &#177; 13</td>
                  <td align="center">0,26</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">HAS%</td>
                  <td align="center">17,6</td>
                  <td align="center">22,1</td>
                  <td align="center">17,6</td>
                  <td align="center">0,54</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Diabetes%</td>
                  <td align="center">2,8</td>
                  <td align="center">5,1</td>
                  <td align="center">4,6</td>
                  <td align="center">0,77</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">RM%</td>
                  <td align="center">6,3</td>
                  <td align="center">8</td>
                  <td align="center">4</td>
                  <td align="center">0,25</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Doen&#231;a Renal</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">0,4</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Amplia&#231;&#227;o VSVE %</td>
                  <td align="center">1,7</td>
                  <td align="center">1,1</td>
                  <td align="center">3,4</td>
                  <td align="center">0,27</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Cirurgia valvar mitral %</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1,14</td>
                  <td align="center">0,57</td>
                  <td align="center">0,63</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Etiologia da Valvopatia (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0033</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Reum&#225;tica</td>
                  <td align="center">4(9,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">8(14,55)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">22(43,1)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Degenerativa</td>
                  <td align="center">21(50)</td>
                  <td align="center">29(52,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">19(37,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Cong&#234;nita (Bic&#250;spide)</td>
                  <td align="center">11(26,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">10(8,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">7(13,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Dilata&#231;&#227;o da aorta</td>
                  <td align="center">6(14,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">8(14,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">3(5,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tipo de pr&#243;tese Biol/Mec %</td>
                  <td align="center">24/6,4</td>
                  <td align="center">31/5,2</td>
                  <td align="center">31,4/2</td>
                  <td align="center">0,27</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN13">
                <label>&#9532;</label>
                <p>p &lt; 0,05 entre sem DPP e DPP moderada.</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN14">
                <label>*</label>
                <p>p &lt; 0,05 entre DPP moderada e acentuada.</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN15">
                <p>DPP: despropor&#231;&#227;o pr&#243;tese-paciente; ASC: &#225;rea de superf&#237;cie corp&#243;rea; IMC: &#237;ndice de massa corp&#243;rea; PAS: press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica; PAD: press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica; FC: frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca; HAS: hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica; RM: revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica; VSVE: via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; Biol: biol&#243;gica; Mec: mec&#226;nica.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <table-wrap id="t9">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Dados de Ecocardiograma p&#243;s-operat&#243;rios de acordo com a DPP (176 pacientes- Defini&#231;&#227;o# 2)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">
									</th>
                  <th align="center">Sem DPP 30.4% (54)</th>
                  <th align="center">DPP Moderada 36.2% (64)</th>
                  <th align="center">DPP Acentuada 33.4% (58)</th>
                  <th align="center">p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">FEVE %</td>
                  <td align="center">57 &#177; 14%</td>
                  <td align="center">60 &#177; 14%</td>
                  <td align="center">58 &#177; 14%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,75</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Vmax Ao cm/s</td>
                  <td align="center">273 &#177; 15<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                  <td align="center">306 &#177; 25<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">&#9532;</xref></sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">335 &#177; 18<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,002</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Gradiente pico (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">30 &#177; 14<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                  <td align="center">37 &#177; 14<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">&#9532;</xref></sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">45,1 &#177; 20<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Gradiente m&#233;dio (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">18 &#177; 8<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                  <td align="center">21 &#177; 8<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">&#9532;</xref></sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">28 &#177; 13<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">AOE cm<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1,78 &#177; 0,43<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1,3 &#177; 0,2<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">&#9532;</xref></sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,52 &#177; 0,1<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">AOEi cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1,05 &#177; 0,17<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                  <td align="center">0,73 &#177; 0,06<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">&#9532;</xref></sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,51 &#177; 0,1<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">VTI VSVE/VTI VAo</td>
                  <td align="center">0,49 &#177; 0,1<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                  <td align="center">0,41 &#177; 0,07<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">&#9532;</xref></sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,33 &#177; 0,08<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">DVSVE (cm)</td>
                  <td align="center">2,15 &#177; 0,3<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">&#9532;</xref></sup></td>
                  <td align="center">2,02 &#177; 0,24<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">&#9532;</xref></sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">1,92 &#177; 0,22<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">0,04</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Massa VE indexada g/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">115 &#177; 42</td>
                  <td align="center">119 &#177; 38</td>
                  <td align="center">117 &#177; 35</td>
                  <td align="center">0,84</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Volume do AE index ml/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">32 &#177; 12</td>
                  <td align="center">33 &#177; 10</td>
                  <td align="center">33 &#177; 12</td>
                  <td align="center">0,72</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Aorta Ascendente cm</td>
                  <td align="center">3,6 &#177; 0,72</td>
                  <td align="center">3,6 &#177; 0,74</td>
                  <td align="center">3,5 &#177; 0,56</td>
                  <td align="center">0,29</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN16">
                <label>&#9532;</label>
                <p>p &lt; 0,05 Entre sem DPP e DPP moderada.</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN17">
                <label>*</label>
                <p>p &lt; 0,05 Entre DPP moderada e acentuada.</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN18">
                <p>FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; AOE: &#225;rea do orif&#237;cio efetivo da pr&#243;tese a&#243;rtica; AOEi: &#225;rea do orif&#237;cio indexado da pr&#243;tese a&#243;rtica; VTI: integral velocidade-tempo; VSVE: via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; VAo: valva a&#243;rtica; DVSVE: di&#226;metro da via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; AE: &#225;trio esquerdo; VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <table-wrap id="t10">
            <label>Tabela 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Tipo e n&#250;mero das pr&#243;teses implantadas e frequ&#234;ncia</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
                <col width="20%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Tipos de Pr&#243;teses</th>
                  <th align="center">N&#250;mero</th>
                  <th align="center">Sem DPP</th>
                  <th align="center">DPP Moderada</th>
                  <th align="center">DPP acentuada</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Labcor Biologica</td>
                  <td align="center">19</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">25</td>
                  <td align="center">5</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Carpentier Edwards</td>
                  <td align="center">19</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">21</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">3</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">23</td>
                  <td align="center">3</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">25</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">St Jude Biologica</td>
                  <td align="center">18</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">19</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">21</td>
                  <td align="center">5</td>
                  <td align="center">8</td>
                  <td align="center">12</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">23</td>
                  <td align="center">8</td>
                  <td align="center">20</td>
                  <td align="center">21</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">25</td>
                  <td align="center">5</td>
                  <td align="center">7</td>
                  <td align="center">3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">27</td>
                  <td align="center">6</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">St. Jude Mec&#226;nica</td>
                  <td align="center">19</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">21</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">3</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">23</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">25</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">27</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="2">Mec&#226;nica sem tipo<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN20">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">18</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">19</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">23</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">25</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">27</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">28</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="2">Biol&#243;gica sem tipo<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN20">*</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">19</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">21</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">3</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">23</td>
                  <td align="center">6</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">25</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">27</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Hancock Biologica</td>
                  <td align="center">23</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">25</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">27</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Biocor Biologica</td>
                  <td align="center">23</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Medtronic Mec&#226;nica</td>
                  <td align="center">21</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN19">
                <p>Tabela descritiva das pr&#243;teses implantadas no estudo.</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN20">
                <label>*</label>
                <p>N&#227;o havia descri&#231;&#227;o do tipo de pr&#243;tese em prontu&#225;rio ou descri&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Determinantes pr&#233;-operat&#243;rios de DPP acentuada</title>
          <sec>
            <title>Determinantes de DPP acentuada de acordo com a defini&#231;&#227;o # 1 (EOA indexado &lt; 0,65 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>)</title>
            <p>Na an&#225;lise univariada (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t11">Tabela 4</xref>), houve associa&#231;&#227;o entre DPP acentuada e as seguintes vari&#225;veis: idade &lt;60 anos, ASC &gt; 1,74 m<sup>2</sup>, IMC &gt; 25 Kg/m<sup>2</sup>, DVSVE &lt; 2,1 cm, doen&#231;a reum&#225;tica, como a etiologia da doen&#231;a valvar a&#243;rtica, e n&#227;o amplia&#231;&#227;o da VSVE. Ao se analisar de forma multivariada as mesmas vari&#225;veis, com exce&#231;&#227;o da amplia&#231;&#227;o da VSVE, as mesmas se mantiveram significativas. O indicador de toler&#226;ncia para multicolinearidade foi de 0,78, indicando que n&#227;o h&#225; forte multicolinearidade entre as vari&#225;veis independentes.</p>
            <table-wrap id="t11">
              <label>Tabela 4</label>
              <caption>
                <title>An&#225;lise multivariada de Poisson para DPP acentuada (Defini&#231;&#227;o #1; AOEi &lt; 0,65 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>; n = 148 pacientes)</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col width="20%"/>
                  <col width="20%"/>
                  <col width="20%"/>
                  <col width="20%"/>
                  <col width="20%"/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" rowspan="2">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">PR Bruta</th>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">PR Ajustada</th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">PR (IC 95%)</th>
                    <th align="center">p</th>
                    <th align="center">PR (IC 95%)</th>
                    <th align="center">p</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>G&#234;nero</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,7982</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Feminino</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Masculino</td>
                    <td align="center">1,06 (0,67-1,67)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,7982</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Idade</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0078</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0134</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&lt; 60 anos</td>
                    <td align="center">1,98 (1,20-3,29)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0078</td>
                    <td align="center">2,06 (1,16-3,67)</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&#8805; 60 anos</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>&#193;rea de Superf&#237;cie Corp&#243;rea</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0571</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0176</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&#8804; 1,74 m<sup>2</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&gt; 1,74 m<sup>2</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1,56 (0,99-2,46)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0571</td>
                    <td align="center">1,65 (1,09; 2,50)</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>&#205;ndice de Massa Corp&#243;rea</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0168</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0030</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&lt; 25 Kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&gt; 25 Kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1,80 (1,11-2,91)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0168</td>
                    <td align="center">1,89 (1,24-2,87)</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Diagn&#243;stico Principal</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,6092</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Estenose</td>
                    <td align="center">1,28 (0,78-2,12)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,3283</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Regurgita&#231;&#227;o</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Balanceada</td>
                    <td align="center">1,11 (0,48-2,55)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,8039</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Etiologia da doen&#231;a valvar</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0009</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0028</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Reum&#225;tica</td>
                    <td align="center">3,50 (1,21-10,11)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0206</td>
                    <td align="center">4,00 (1,49-10,77)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0060</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Degenerativa</td>
                    <td align="center">1,56 (0,52-4,67)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,4262</td>
                    <td align="center">2,17 (0,79-5,97)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,1331</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Cong&#234;nita (bic&#250;spide)</td>
                    <td align="center">1,82 (0,57-5,81)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,3107</td>
                    <td align="center">1,78 (0,63-5,01)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,2779</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Dilata&#231;&#227;o da raiz da aorta</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Reopera&#231;&#227;o</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,3379</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Sim</td>
                    <td align="center">1,29 (0,76-2,19)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,3379</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,1400</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                    <td align="center">1,39 (0,90-2,14)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,1400</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Sim</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Diabetes</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,4760</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Sim</td>
                    <td align="center">1,23 (0,69-2,20)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,4760</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,1013</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                    <td align="center">1,87 (0,88-3,95)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,1013</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Sim</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Tipo de Pr&#243;tese</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,1398</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Biol&#243;gica</td>
                    <td align="center">1,98 (0,80-4,93)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,1398</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Mec&#226;nica</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Amplia&#231;&#227;o da VSVE</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0374</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">No</td>
                    <td align="center">1,86 (1,04-3,34)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0374</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Yes</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Massa indexada do VE</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0902</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&#8804; 127 g/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1,48 (0,94-2,32)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0902</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&gt; 127 g/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,1093</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&#8804; 64%</td>
                    <td align="center">1,44 (0,92-2,25)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,1093</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&gt; 64%</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>DVSVE</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0069</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>&lt; 0,0001</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&#8804; 2,1 cm</td>
                    <td align="center">2,15 (1,23-3,74)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0069</td>
                    <td align="center">2,88 (1,71-4,84)</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&gt; 2,1 cm</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN21">
                  <p>AOEi: &#225;rea do orif&#237;cio efetivo indexado; PR: preval&#234;ncia relativa; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; VSVE: via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; DVSVE: di&#226;metro da via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Determinantes da PPM acentuada, de acordo com a defini&#231;&#227;o # 2 (AOEi &lt; 0,65 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> para pacientes com IMC &lt; 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> e AOEi &lt; 0,55 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> para IMC &gt; 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</title>
            <p>Al&#233;m das vari&#225;veis independentes descritas na an&#225;lise acima, utilizando o valor de corte &lt; 0,65 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> para DPP acentuada, encontramos o g&#234;nero masculino como um determinante independente da DPP acentuada quando o IMC &#233; considerado como um par&#226;metro para reclassifica&#231;&#227;o. No entanto, a ASC n&#227;o foi mais uma vari&#225;vel independente dentro desse novo modelo. A an&#225;lise univariada e multivariada &#233; mostrada na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t12">Tabela 5</xref>.</p>
            <table-wrap id="t12">
              <label>Tabela 5</label>
              <caption>
                <title>An&#225;lise multivariada de Poisson para DPP acentuada (Defini&#231;&#227;o #2: AOEi &lt; 0,65 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> para IMC &lt; 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> e &lt; 0,55 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> para IC &#8805; 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; n = 148 pacientes)</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col width="20%"/>
                  <col width="20%"/>
                  <col width="20%"/>
                  <col width="20%"/>
                  <col width="20%"/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" rowspan="2">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">PR Bruta</th>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">PR Ajustada</th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="center">PR (IC 95%)</th>
                    <th align="center">p</th>
                    <th>PR (IC 95%)</th>
                    <th>p</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>G&#234;nero</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,6856</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0255</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Feminino</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Masculino</td>
                    <td align="center">1,10 (0,68-1,79)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,6856</td>
                    <td align="center">1,67 (1,06-2,61)</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Idade</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0057</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0025</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&lt; 60 anos</td>
                    <td align="center">2,17 (1,25-3,75)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0057</td>
                    <td align="center">2,6 (1,4-4,84)</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&#8805; 60 anos</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>&#193;rea de Superf&#237;cie Corp&#243;rea</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,2015</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&#8804; 1,74 m<sup>2</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&gt; 1,74 m<sup>2</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1,36 (0,85-2,19)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,2015</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>&#205;ndice de Massa Corp&#243;rea</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0657</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0034</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&lt; 25 Kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&gt; 25 Kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1,59 (0,97-2,61)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0657</td>
                    <td align="center">1,95 (1,25-3,06)</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Diagn&#243;stico Principal</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,7166</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Estenose</td>
                    <td align="center">1,25 (0,73-2,13)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,4152</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Regurgita&#231;&#227;o</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Balanceada</td>
                    <td align="center">1,19 (0,51-2,76)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,6850</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Etiologia da doen&#231;a valvar</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0010</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0030</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Reum&#225;tica</td>
                    <td align="center">3,33 (1,15-9,67)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0267</td>
                    <td align="center">3,29 (1,22-8,92)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0190</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Degenerativa</td>
                    <td align="center">1,56 (0,52-4,67)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,5545</td>
                    <td align="center">1,95 (0,69-5,50)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,2079</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Cong&#234;nita (bic&#250;spide)</td>
                    <td align="center">1,82 (0,57-5,81)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,4244</td>
                    <td align="center">1,32 (0,44-3,98)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,6245</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Dilata&#231;&#227;o da raiz da aorta</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Reopera&#231;&#227;o</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,1909</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Sim</td>
                    <td align="center">1,43 (0,84-2,44)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,1909</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0820</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                    <td align="center">1,51 (0,95-2,39)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0820</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Sim</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Diabetes</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,9325</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Sim</td>
                    <td align="center">0,97 (0,48-1,97)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,9325</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0815</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                    <td align="center">2,1 (0,91-4,82)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0815</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Sim</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Tipo de Pr&#243;tese</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,1993</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Biol&#243;gica</td>
                    <td align="center">1,82 (0,73-4,53)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,1993</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Mec&#226;nica</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Amplia&#231;&#227;o da VSVE</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0186</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">No</td>
                    <td align="center">2,03 (1,13-3,68)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0186</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Yes</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Massa indexada do VE</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,2952</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&#8804; 127 g/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1,29 (0,80; 2,06)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,2952</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&gt; 127 g/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0517</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&#8804; 64%</td>
                    <td align="center">1,61 (1,00; 2,60)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0517</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&gt; 64 %</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>DVSVE</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0042</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>&lt; 0,0001</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&#8804; 2,1 cm</td>
                    <td align="center">2,45 (1,33-4,52)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0042</td>
                    <td align="center">3,58 (2,01-6,39)</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&gt; 2,1 cm</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN22">
                  <p>AOEi: &#225;rea do orif&#237;cio efetivo indexado; PR: preval&#234;ncia relativa; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; VSVE: via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; DVSVE: di&#226;metro da via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Determinantes da DPP acentuada, de acordo com a defini&#231;&#227;o # 3 (gradiente m&#233;dio da pr&#243;tese &gt; 20 mmHg e iEOA &lt; 0,65 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>)</title>
            <p>Nessa defini&#231;&#227;o, apenas a idade &lt;60 anos e o DVSVE &lt; 2,1 cm foram independentemente associados &#224; DPP acentuada. A an&#225;lise completa est&#225; descrita na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t13">Tabela 6</xref>.</p>
            <table-wrap id="t13">
              <label>Tabela 6</label>
              <caption>
                <title>An&#225;lise multivariada de Poisson para DPP acentuada (Defini&#231;&#227;o #3: gradiente m&#233;dio transprot&#233;tico &gt; 20 mmHg, n = 148 pacientes)</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col width="20%"/>
                  <col width="20%"/>
                  <col width="20%"/>
                  <col width="20%"/>
                  <col width="20%"/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" rowspan="2">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">PR Bruta</th>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">PR Ajustada</th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="center">PR (IC 95 %)</th>
                    <th align="center">p</th>
                    <th align="center">PR (IC 95%)</th>
                    <th align="center">p</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>G&#234;nero</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,5995</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Feminino</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Masculino</td>
                    <td align="center">1,17 (0,65-2,13)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,5995</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0004</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Idade</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0019</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0004</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&lt; 60 anos</td>
                    <td align="center">3,33 (1,56-7,12)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0019</td>
                    <td align="center">3,94(1,85-8,39)</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&#8805; 60 anos</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>&#193;rea de Superf&#237;cie Corp&#243;rea</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,7720</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&#8804; 1,74 m<sup>2</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&gt; 1,74 m<sup>2</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1,09 (0,62-1,92)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,7720</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>&#205;ndice de Massa Corp&#243;rea</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,2905</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&lt; 25 Kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&gt; 25 Kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1,37 (0,76-2,47)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,2905</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Diagn&#243;stico Principal</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,4620</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Estenose</td>
                    <td align="center">1,54 (0,77-3,06)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,2178</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Regurgita&#231;&#227;o</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Balanceada</td>
                    <td align="center">1,48 (0,53-4,14)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,4531</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Etiologia da doen&#231;a valvar</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0035</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Reum&#225;tica</td>
                    <td align="center">4,00 (1,04-15,43)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0441</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Degenerativa</td>
                    <td align="center">1,35 (0,33-5,55)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,6728</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Cong&#234;nita (bic&#250;spide)</td>
                    <td align="center">2,12 (0,5-9,07)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,3087</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Dilata&#231;&#227;o da raiz da aorta</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Reopera&#231;&#227;o</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,4442</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Sim</td>
                    <td align="center">1,31 (0,65-2,63)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,4442</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,1297</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                    <td align="center">1,55 (0,88-2,73)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,1297</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Sim</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Diabetes</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,7270</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Sim</td>
                    <td align="center">0,85 (0,34-2,13)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,7270</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,1715</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                    <td align="center">1,95 (0,75-5,08)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,1715</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Sim</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Tipo de Pr&#243;tese</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,5560</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Biol&#243;gica</td>
                    <td align="center">1,32 (0,52-3,35)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,5560</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Mec&#226;nica</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Amplia&#231;&#227;o da VSVE</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0427</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">No</td>
                    <td align="center">2,19 (1,03-4,66)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0427</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Yes</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Massa indexada do VE</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,7019</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&#8804; 127 g/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1,12 (0,63-1,97)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,7019</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&gt; 127 g/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0409</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&#8804; 64%</td>
                    <td align="center">1,87 (1,03-3,4)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0409</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&gt; 64%</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">
                      <bold>DVSVE</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,1198</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0,0138</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&#8804; 2,1 cm</td>
                    <td align="center">1,68 (0,87-3,21)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,1198</td>
                    <td align="center">2,2 (1,17-4,14)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,0138</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">&gt; 2,1 cm</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN23">
                  <p>AOEi: &#225;rea do orif&#237;cio efetivo indexado; PR: preval&#234;ncia relativa; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; VSVE: via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; DVSVE: di&#226;metro da via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Modelo matem&#225;tico para previs&#227;o de DPP acentuada a partir de vari&#225;veis pr&#233;-operat&#243;rias</title>
            <p>Testamos o modelo preditivo para DPP acentuada utilizando a Defini&#231;&#227;o # 2, por sua precis&#227;o em identificar maior n&#250;mero de vari&#225;veis independentes. A &#225;rea abaixo da curva ROC foi de 0,82 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
            <p>
              <fig id="f2">
                <label>Figura 1</label>
                <caption>
                  <title>Acur&#225;cia da curva ROC para o modelo de an&#225;lise multivariada DPP acentuada: Defini&#231;&#227;o #2.</title>
                </caption>
                <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-114-01-0012-90231-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
            </p>
            <p>Al&#233;m disso, para calcular o risco individual de um paciente desenvolver DPP acentuada, foi constru&#237;do um modelo matem&#225;tico resumido por uma f&#243;rmula baseada na an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t14">Tabela 7</xref>). Essa f&#243;rmula permite o c&#225;lculo de risco individual de DPP para cada paciente antes da cirurgia (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t14">Tabela 7</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
            <table-wrap id="t14">
              <label>Tabela 7</label>
              <caption>
                <title>F&#243;rmula para risco individual de DPP e coeficiente para cada vari&#225;vel: c&#225;lculo de probabilidade de despropor&#231;&#227;o (Defini&#231;&#227;o #2)</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col width="33%"/>
                  <col width="33%"/>
                  <col width="33%"/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Par&#226;metro</th>
                    <th align="center">
										</th>
                    <th align="center">Estimativa</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Intercepta</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">-5,54</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Idade</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; 60</td>
                    <td align="center">1,75</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">G&#234;nero Masculino</td>
                    <td align="center">
										</td>
                    <td align="center">0,79</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">DVSVE</td>
                    <td align="center">&#8804; 2,1</td>
                    <td align="center">2,25</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">IMC</td>
                    <td align="center">&#8805; 25 Kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1,12</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Etiologia da Doen&#231;a Valvar A&#243;rtica</td>
                    <td align="center">Cong&#234;nita (bic&#250;spide)</td>
                    <td align="center">0,41</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Etiologia da Doen&#231;a Valvar A&#243;rtica</td>
                    <td align="center">Degenerativa</td>
                    <td align="center">1,10</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Etiologia da Doen&#231;a Valvar A&#243;rtica</td>
                    <td align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Reum&#225;tica</td>
                    <td align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">2,15</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" colspan="3">
                      <inline-formula>
                        <mml:math id="e2">
                          <mml:semantics>
                            <mml:mstyle mathsize="12.0pt">
                              <mml:mi>Probabilidade</mml:mi>
                              <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                              <mml:mi>de</mml:mi>
                              <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                              <mml:mi>DPP</mml:mi>
                              <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                              <mml:mi>acentuada</mml:mi>
                              <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
                              <mml:mfrac>
                                <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>
                                <mml:mrow>
                                  <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>
                                  <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
                                  <mml:msup>
                                    <mml:mi>e</mml:mi>
                                    <mml:mfenced close=")" open="(">
                                      <mml:mrow>
                                        <mml:mo>&#8722;</mml:mo>
                                        <mml:mn>5</mml:mn>
                                        <mml:mi>,</mml:mi>
                                        <mml:mn>54</mml:mn>
                                        <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                        <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>
                                        <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                        <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>
                                        <mml:mi>,</mml:mi>
                                        <mml:mn>75</mml:mn>
                                        <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                        <mml:mi>idade</mml:mi>
                                        <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                        <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>
                                        <mml:mi>,</mml:mi>
                                        <mml:mn>79</mml:mn>
                                        <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                        <mml:mi>masculino</mml:mi>
                                        <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                        <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>
                                        <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                        <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
                                        <mml:mi>,</mml:mi>
                                        <mml:mn>25</mml:mn>
                                        <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                        <mml:mi>IMC</mml:mi>
                                        <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                        <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>
                                        <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                        <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>
                                        <mml:mi>,</mml:mi>
                                        <mml:mn>41</mml:mn>
                                        <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                        <mml:mi>Etiol</mml:mi>
                                        <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                        <mml:mi>Cong</mml:mi>
                                        <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                        <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>
                                        <mml:mi>,</mml:mi>
                                        <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>
                                        <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                        <mml:mi>Etiol</mml:mi>
                                        <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                        <mml:mi>deg</mml:mi>
                                        <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                        <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
                                        <mml:mi>,</mml:mi>
                                        <mml:mn>15</mml:mn>
                                        <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                        <mml:mi>Etiol</mml:mi>
                                        <mml:mspace width="0.33em"/>
                                        <mml:mi>Reum</mml:mi>
                                      </mml:mrow>
                                    </mml:mfenced>
                                  </mml:msup>
                                </mml:mrow>
                              </mml:mfrac>
                            </mml:mstyle>
                          </mml:semantics>
                        </mml:math>
                      </inline-formula>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN24">
                  <p>DPP despropor&#231;&#227;o pr&#243;tese-paciente; DVSVE: di&#226;metro da via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; IMC: &#237;ndice de massa corp&#243;rea; Etiol Cong: Etiologia Cong&#234;nita; Etiol Deg: etiologia degenerativa; Etiol Reum: Etiologia Reum&#225;tica.</p>
                  <p>Observa&#231;&#227;o: Para determinar a probabilidade individual utilizando a equa&#231;&#227;o, deve-se reportar &#224; matriz da tabela 7. Se a vari&#225;vel estiver presente, por exemplo, se um paciente tiver &lt; 60 anos, deve-se substituir a vari&#225;vel idade pelo valor 1 e multiplicar pelo coeficiente. Por&#233;m, se o paciente tiver &gt; 60 anos, substituir por zero (0).</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </sec>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Um dos principais achados deste estudo &#233; que a frequ&#234;ncia de DPP acentuada, ap&#243;s a TVA, &#233; alta em uma popula&#231;&#227;o representativa do Sistema P&#250;blico de Sa&#250;de no Brasil. DPP acentuada nesse estudo foi de 33% em compara&#231;&#227;o com at&#233; 20% previamente descritas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Oliveira et al. descreveram menor preval&#234;ncia de DPP em pacientes brasileiros com anel a&#243;rtico pequeno (16,8%). No entanto, seus pontos de corte para a defini&#231;&#227;o de DPP foram diferentes do presente estudo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> Outro achado significativo &#233; que a estenose a&#243;rtica degenerativa ainda &#233; a principal causa de valvopatia a&#243;rtica em nosso estudo (50%). No entanto, a etiologia reum&#225;tica &#233; relativamente alta em compara&#231;&#227;o com os dados de pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos (19%)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> e, no nosso meio, &#233; uma vari&#225;vel independente no risco de DPP acentuada.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Caracter&#237;sticas da DPP acentuada</title>
          <p>Assim como em outros estudos,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> pacientes com DPP acentuada apresentaram ASC e IMC maiores e DVSVE menores.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Os pacientes com DPP acentuada, em nosso estudo, eram mais jovens e do g&#234;nero masculino, em compara&#231;&#227;o com os de estudos anteriores, onde a maior preval&#234;ncia de despropor&#231;&#227;o foi em mulheres.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Esse achado poderia ser explicado pela inclus&#227;o da regurgita&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica na nossa casu&#237;stica para explicar o g&#234;nero masculino e pela propor&#231;&#227;o significativa de pacientes com etiologia reum&#225;tica para explicar a frequ&#234;ncia em pacientes mais jovens.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Determinantes da DPP acentuada</title>
          <p>Uma aplica&#231;&#227;o pr&#225;tica muito importante desses achados &#233; a identifica&#231;&#227;o de vari&#225;veis pr&#233;-operat&#243;rias independentes que determinam o risco de DPP acentuada. A partir dessas vari&#225;veis, &#233; poss&#237;vel determinar o risco individual do paciente desenvolver DPP acentuada antes da cirurgia. Esse modelo pode ser usado para identificar pacientes com alto risco de DPP grave e implementar estrat&#233;gias preventivas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
					</p>
          <p>Presen&#231;a de IMC maior (&gt; 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), g&#234;nero masculino, menor di&#226;metro da VSVE (&lt;2,1 cm), idade &#8804; 60 anos e etiologia reum&#225;tica foram determinantes para o alto risco de DPP acentuada. Com base no c&#225;lculo do risco de DPP, estrat&#233;gias preventivas devem ser contempladas, incluindo amplia&#231;&#227;o da VSVE, implante de pr&#243;teses valvares com desempenho hemodin&#226;mico superior com procedimento cir&#250;rgico ou transcateter.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> No presente estudo, o implante transcateter de biopr&#243;tese &#233; controverso, j&#225; que suas indica&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o apropriadas para pacientes com risco cir&#250;rgico alto, pacientes mais idosos e com &#237;ndice de fragilidade elevado. Esse estudo tamb&#233;m levanta a import&#226;ncia de melhorar o desempenho hemodin&#226;mico das pr&#243;teses implantadas no Sistema de Sa&#250;de P&#250;blico brasileiro. Entretanto, os custos com determinadas pr&#243;teses no sistema p&#250;blico de sa&#250;de podem ser invi&#225;veis para se alcan&#231;ar o tratamento de uma popula&#231;&#227;o mais abrangente.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Potenciais Limita&#231;&#245;es e For&#231;as do Estudo</title>
          <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o as principais limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo podemos relacionar que este foi um estudo retrospectivo. &#201; importante enfatizar que houve perda de dados da AOEi em 45% da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada (o principal par&#226;metro para a diferencia&#231;&#227;o de DPP), o que pode gerar vi&#233;s e aumentar a preval&#234;ncia da DPP acentuada. O tipo de pr&#243;tese empregada n&#227;o foi encontrado em alguns pacientes, apesar de exaustivamente procurado em prontu&#225;rio. N&#227;o h&#225; dados de acompanhamento cl&#237;nico e ecocardiogr&#225;fico de longo prazo dispon&#237;veis para avaliar o efeito da DPP acentuada nos desfechos. No entanto, &#233; o primeiro estudo a mostrar uma alta frequ&#234;ncia de DPP ap&#243;s TVA no Sistema de Sa&#250;de P&#250;blico brasileiro. Al&#233;m disso, nosso estudo foi capaz de construir um modelo matem&#225;tico para predizer o risco de DPP e encontrar vari&#225;veis independentes pr&#233;-operat&#243;rias relacionadas &#224; implanta&#231;&#227;o de pr&#243;teses pequenas. Mais estudos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para aplicar e validar este modelo em outras popula&#231;&#245;es.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>A DPP acentuada a&#243;rtica &#233; frequente entre os pacientes operados no Sistema P&#250;blico de Sa&#250;de brasileiro. Os determinantes pr&#233;-operat&#243;rios independentes da DPP acentuada nessa popula&#231;&#227;o foram: IMC alto, g&#234;nero masculino, menor DVSVE, idade mais jovem e etiologia reum&#225;tica para valvopatia. Desenvolvemos um modelo matem&#225;tico que incluiu essas vari&#225;veis pr&#233;-operat&#243;rias para prever o risco de DPP acentuada antes da cirurgia. Este modelo pode ser &#250;til para implementar estrat&#233;gias preventivas prospectivas em pacientes identificados como alto risco de DPP. Temos que evitar pr&#243;teses pequenas em pacientes grandes.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Instituto de Cardiologia do Distrito Federal sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 061/2010. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
