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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">ymsZQddtBzjZ5GLf3XCs5vs</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019001201129</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2019005021101</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190226</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Usefulness of Admission Plasma NT-pro BNP Level to Predict Left Ventricular Aneurysm Formation after Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Celebi</surname>
            <given-names>Savas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1527-6440</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Celebi</surname>
            <given-names>Ozlem Ozcan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cetin</surname>
            <given-names>Serkan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cetin</surname>
            <given-names>Hande Ozcan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tek</surname>
            <given-names>Mujgan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gokaslan</surname>
            <given-names>Serkan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Amasyali</surname>
            <given-names>Basri</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Berkalp</surname>
            <given-names>Berkten</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Diker</surname>
            <given-names>Erdem</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aydogdu</surname>
            <given-names>Sinan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Universitesi</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Ankara</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
        <institution content-type="original">TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Universitesi - Cardiology, Ankara - Turkey</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">University of Health Science</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Ankara</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
        <institution content-type="original">University of Health Science, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital - Cardiology, Ankara - Turkey</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Afyon Kocatepe Universitesi Tip Fakultesi</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Afyon</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Afyon Kocatepe Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Afyon - Turkey</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Ozlem Ozcan Celebi</bold> University of Health Science, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital - Cardiology - TYIH Kardiyoloji Klini&#287;i S&#305;hh&#305;ye Ankara Ankara 06100 - Turkey E-mail: <email>drozlemoz79@yahoo.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Celebi S, Celebi OO, Gokaslan S, Berkalp B, Aydogdu S; Acquisition of data and Statistical analysis: Celebi S, Celebi OO, Cetin HO; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Celebi S, Cetin S, Tek M; Writing of the manuscript: Celebi S, Celebi OO, Berkalp B, Aydogdu S; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Celebi S, Cetin S, Cetin HO, Tek M, Amasyali B, Berkalp B, Diker E, Aydogdu S.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>113</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1129</fpage>
      <lpage>1137</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) is an important complication of acute myocardial infarction. In this study, we investigated the role of N- Terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide level to predict the LVA development after acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>We prospectively enrolled 1519 consecutive patients with STEMI. Patients were divided into two groups according to LVA development within the six months after index myocardial infarction. Patients with or without LVAs were examined to determine if a significant relationship existed between the baseline N- Terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide values and clinical characteristics. A p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>LVA was detected in 157 patients (10.3%). The baseline N- Terminal pro- B type natriuretic peptide level was significantly higher in patients who developed LVA after acute MI (523.5 &#177; 231.1 pg/mL vs. 192.3 &#177; 176.6 pg/mL, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). Independent predictors of LVA formation after acute myocardial infarction was age &gt; 65 y, smoking, Killip class &gt; 2, previous coronary artery bypass graft, post-myocardial infarction heart failure, left ventricular ejection fraction &lt; 50%, failure of reperfusion, no-reflow phenomenon, peak troponin I and CK-MB and NT-pro BNP &gt; 400 pg/mL at admission.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions:</title>
          <p>Our findings indicate that plasma N- Terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide level at admission among other variables provides valuable predictive information regarding the development of LVA after acute STEMI.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Aneurysm/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Revascularization</kwd>
        <kwd>Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Stroke Volume</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) is an important prognostic marker that is strongly correlated with mortality and morbidity after acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). LVA is also strongly related to adverse clinical outcomes. It is well known that LVA carries a high risk of arrhythmia, thromboembolism and heart failure. Additionally, patients with this complication have a high risk of death within 1 year, independent of left ventricular ejection fraction.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The factors that are associated with LVA after acute STEMI have already been determined. However, most of these studies were performed before the modern treatment era for myocardial infarction. Additionally, the biochemical predictors of this complication have not yet been determined. Early detection prior to the development of LVA may be helpful in the management of patients with acute STEMI.</p>
      <p>N terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) is a 32-amino acid peptide that is synthesized and released predominantly from the ventricular myocardium in response to myocyte stretching.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> However, NT-pro BNP is secreted not only in response to increased left ventricular wall stretch but also to myocardial ischemia and infarction. Levels of NT-pro BNP correlate with left ventricular dilatation, remodeling, and dysfunction in patients after acute myocardial infarction.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>NT-pro BNP concentrations increase rapidly over the first 24 hours after acute myocardial infarction and then tend to stabilize. When measured 1 to 7 days after acute myocardial infarction, NT-pro BNP elevation identifies patients at risk for left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, and death.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> NT-pro BNP levels after acute myocardial infarction have proven useful for predicting prognosis and estimating infarct size, but the value of NT-pro BNP for the prediction of LVA formation has not yet been determined.</p>
      <p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of admission NT-pro BNP level in predicting LVA after acute STEMI.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <p>A total of 1,519 consecutive acute STEMI patients admitted to our department were enrolled in this study from June 2011 to January 2017. The protocol for the study was approved by the local ethics committee. The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. The eligibility criteria included patients aged 21 to 75 years who presented within 12 h of chest pain. The exclusion criteria included previous heart failure, shock, pulmonary edema requiring intubation, and creatinine clearance &lt; 30 ml/min. Acute STEMI was defined according to the third universal definition of myocardial infarction.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Demographic information was collected, and a physical examination was performed for each patient. A 16-lead electrocardiogram recording was obtained from each patient immediately after admission.</p>
      <p>Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed in all patients at admission and at the end of the first and six months of the index acute STEMI. The TTE measurements were performed using a Vivid 7 system (Vivid 7, GE Vingmed Ultrasound, Horten, Norway). The echocardiographic assessment was performed according to a previous study by Weyman et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Complete 2-dimensional TTE, including Doppler flow interrogation, was performed according to standard techniques. LVA was defined as a demarcated bulge of the contour of the left ventricular wall during both diastole and systole, which showed akinesia and dyskinesia.</p>
      <p>Blood samples were obtained immediately after admission to the coronary care unit using EDTA-containing tubes. The samples were stored for 3 days prior to NT-pro BNP assessment. Plasma NT-pro BNP level was measured using the Roche Diagnostics ElecsysproBNPelectrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ElecsysproBNP; Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Ind). Baseline serum creatinine clearance was estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. Fasting blood samples were taken in the morning after admission to determine fasting glucose and blood lipids. Blood samples for troponin I and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) assessment were taken every 8 h during the first 3 days after admission. The peak troponin and CK-MB levels during the hospital stay were also collected.</p>
      <p>Reperfusion was achieved with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) or fibrinolytic therapy. The choice of reperfusion therapy type was made according to the patient&#8217;s condition and the center&#8217;s capabilities. Patients who were not suitable for reperfusion therapy because of late admission, comorbidities or contra-indications were followed medically.</p>
      <p>All patients underwent coronary angiography except patients with serious comorbidities or contra-indications. Selective left and right coronary angiography was performed using the Judkins technique. Left ventriculography was performed in the 30&#186; right anterior oblique and 60&#176; left anterior oblique projections and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was measured before ventriculography.</p>
      <p>The Rentrop grading scale was used to quantify the extent of collateral filling. The most opacified projection was used for grading. The following values were assigned according to the scale: 0 = no visible filling of any collateral vessel or collateral channels, 1 = filling of side branches of the artery to be perfused by collateral vessels without visualization of the epicardial segment, 2 = partial filling of the epicardial artery by collateral vessels, or 3 = complete filling of the epicardial artery by collateral vessels.</p>
      <p>The mean collateral score was then calculated by dividing the sum of the Rentrop numbers by the number of patients.</p>
      <p>The Gensini score was used to evaluate coronary lesion severity. Gensini score calculation was initiated by giving a severity score to each coronary stenosis as follows: 1 point for &#8804; 25% narrowing, 2 points for 26 to 50% narrowing, 4 points for 51 to 75% narrowing, 8 points for 76 to 90% narrowing, 16 points for 91 to 99% narrowing, and 32 points for total occlusion. Thereafter, each lesion score was multiplied by a factor that considered the importance of the lesion's position in the coronary circulation (5 for the left main coronary artery; 2.5 for the proximal segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery; 2.5 for the proximal segment of the circumflex artery; 1.5 for the mid-segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery; 1.0 for the right coronary artery, the distal segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery, the posterolateral artery, or the obtuse marginal artery; and 0.5 for the other segments). Finally, the Gensini score was calculated by the summation of the individual coronary segment scores in each group.</p>
      <p>PPCI performed only for the culprit artery. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed for non-culprit stenotic lesions during index hospitalization. Patients who received fibrinolytic therapy and subsequently underwent coronary angiography, ad hoc PCI was performed in patients with suitable coronary anatomy, and drug-eluting stents were used in most of the patients. In patients without suitable coronary anatomy for PCI, medical therapy or coronary artery bypass graft were decided.</p>
      <p>All patients received aspirin (300-500 mg), a loading dose of clopidogrel (300-600 mg), and a bolus of unfractionated heparin (60-100 U/kg). At discharge, medical therapy was prescribed according to the patient&#8217;s individual status and guideline recommendations for secondary prevention.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of LVA within the six months of index MI. Group 1 consisted of patients with LVA, and group 2 included those without LVA.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 statistical software. Continuous variables with normal distribution were reported as the mean &#177; standard deviation, continuous variables with non-normal distribution were reported as median -interquartile range and categorical variables were expressed as the number of patients and percentages. Normality was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Comparisons between categorical variables were performed by the Pearson&#8217;s chi-square test, or Fisher&#8217;s exact test, as appropriate. Continuous variables were compared by Student&#8217;s t-test for independent samples or the Mann-Whitney test, as appropriate. All tests were two-tailed, and a p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. We analyzed the effects of different variables on the occurrence of ventricular aneurysm in univariate analysis and determined the variables whose unadjusted p-value was &lt; 0.10 as potential risk markers and these were included in the full model. We composed the model by using forward elimination at multivariate regression analysis, and we eliminated potential risk markers by using likelihood ratio tests.</p>
        <p>Area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves, based on C-statistics, were performed to determine the optimal cut-off value for NT-pro BNP to predict the LVA.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>A total of 1,519 patients were enrolled (mean age 56.7 &#177; 11.7 years). <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref> describes the enrollment of patients for this study. The baseline characteristics of the patients are summarized in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>. The time from onset of chest pain to arrival at the hospital was 6 &#177; 12 hours. Of the 1,519 patients, primary PCI was performed in 67%, and 26% received fibrinolytic therapy. Seven percent of patients did not receive any reperfusion therapy. Among the patients who developed LVA, the myocardial infarction localization was anterior wall in 90.4%, isolated inferior wall in 1.3%, inferior-posterior in 2%, and inferior-right ventricle in 6.3%. In addition, anterior-located STEMI patients developed LVA more frequently than did patients with infarction on the other side (7.8% vs 1.2% p &lt; 0,01). Patients who developed LVA had lower reperfusion rate than did patients without LVA (42.1% vs. 15.2%, p = 0.021) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>). The LVA rate was lower in patients who received PPCI than in patients who received fibrinolytic therapy or no reperfusion therapy (5.3 vs. 9.2 p &lt; 0.01, 5.3 vs. 14.7; p = 0.03). The type of fibrinolytic agent used had no effect on LVA development. Patients with LVA had a lower rate of P2Y12 inhibitor use (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>). When the culprit artery was the left anterior descending artery, the LVA risk was more than in the other coronary arteries (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>). The Gensini scores were similar between groups (38.7 &#177; 30.8 vs. 37.9 &#177; 29.9, p = 0.924). However, Rentrop scores were significantly higher in patients without LVA (1.96 &#177;1.32 vs. 1.51 &#177; 0.76, p = 0.001). Time to reperfusion therapy was shorter in patients without LVA (4.1 &#177; 6.3 vs 6.2 &#177; 5.9, p &lt; 0.05). The basal NT-pro BNP level was significantly higher in patients with LVA (523.5 &#177; 231.1 pg/mL vs. 192.3 &#177; 176.6 pg/mL, p &lt; 0.001) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3</xref>). Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined the predictors of LVA after MI (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 4</xref>). Previous CABG, post-MI heart failure, younger age, smoking, no-reflow phenomenon and high NT-pro BNP at admission predicted LVA formation after acute STEMI.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Patients flow chart demonstrating the number of patients eligible for inclusion into the study.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-06-1129-90226-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Demographics of study group</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="center">LV Aneurysm(-)</th>
              <th align="center">LV Aneurysm (+)</th>
              <th align="center">p-value</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age (years)</td>
              <td align="center">55.4 &#177; 11.0</td>
              <td align="center">61.0 &#177; 13.2</td>
              <td align="center">0.048</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Gender (M) (n)%</td>
              <td align="center">(783)62.2</td>
              <td align="center">(106)67.5</td>
              <td align="center">0.070</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">BMI</td>
              <td align="center">27.4 &#177; 4.7</td>
              <td align="center">28.6 &#177; 2.9</td>
              <td align="center">0.030</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Smoking (n) %</td>
              <td align="center">(673)53.4</td>
              <td align="center">(35)22.2</td>
              <td align="center">0.011</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">DM (n) %</td>
              <td align="center">(319)25.3</td>
              <td align="center">(36)22.9</td>
              <td align="center">0.803</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous CABG (n) %</td>
              <td align="center">(23)1.8</td>
              <td align="center">(14)8.9</td>
              <td align="center">0.008</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous PCI (n) %</td>
              <td align="center">(34)2.7</td>
              <td align="center">(2)1.3</td>
              <td align="center">0.439</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>LV: left ventricle; BMI: body mass index; DM: diabetes mellitus; CABG: coronary artery bypass greft; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Laboratory and angiographic parameters of the study group</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="center">LV Aneurysm (-)</th>
              <th align="center">LV Aneurysm (+)</th>
              <th align="center">p- value</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">NT-BNP, pg/mL</td>
              <td align="center">192.3 &#177; 176.6</td>
              <td align="center">523.5 &#177; 231.1</td>
              <td align="center">0.000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Gensini Score</td>
              <td align="center">38.7 &#177; 30.8</td>
              <td align="center">37.9 &#177; 29.9</td>
              <td align="center">0.924</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Rentrop Score</td>
              <td align="center">1.96 &#177; 1.32</td>
              <td align="center">1.51 &#177; 0.76</td>
              <td align="center">0.000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Revascularization, %</td>
              <td align="center">72</td>
              <td align="center">45.5</td>
              <td align="center">0.021</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Succesful Reperfusion, %</td>
              <td align="center">84.5</td>
              <td align="center">62.8</td>
              <td align="center">0.01</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Killip</td>
              <td align="center">1.1 &#177; 0.3</td>
              <td align="center">1.5 &#177; 0.5</td>
              <td align="center">0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">LVEF (%)</td>
              <td align="center">4.2 &#177; 8.6</td>
              <td align="center">32.3 &#177; 4.8</td>
              <td align="center">0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">C r e atinine, mg/dl</td>
              <td align="center">0.9 &#177; 0.7</td>
              <td align="center">1.3 &#177; 0.8</td>
              <td align="center">0.02</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">MPV, fL</td>
              <td align="center">8.6 &#177; 0.8</td>
              <td align="center">9.3 &#177; 0.8</td>
              <td align="center">0.000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">MCV, fL</td>
              <td align="center">85.0 &#177; 9.8</td>
              <td align="center">86.2 &#177; 10.7</td>
              <td align="center">0.683</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Glucose, mg/dl</td>
              <td align="center">98.7 (IQR 62.0-312.0)</td>
              <td align="center">101.5 (IQR 66.0-427.0)</td>
              <td align="center">0.211</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">HbA1c, %</td>
              <td align="center">7.2 (IQR 5.8-13.1)</td>
              <td align="center">7.8 (IQR 6.5-14.8)</td>
              <td align="center">0.098</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Peak cTnI, ng/mL</td>
              <td align="center">28.6 &#177; 19.2</td>
              <td align="center">43.4 &#177; 26.8</td>
              <td align="center">0.000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Peak CK-MB, IU/L</td>
              <td align="center">82.0 &#177; 54.30</td>
              <td align="center">212 &#177; 96.80</td>
              <td align="center">0.003</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <p>LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; MPV: Mean platelet volume; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; IQR: Interquartile range; cTnI: cardiac troponine I; CK-MB: creatinine kinase-MB. Categorical variables were compared by Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, and continuous numerical variables were compared by the Student's t test for independent sample or Mann-Whitney test, as appropriate.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>In hospital Therapy and Adverse Events</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="center">LV Aneurysm(-) (n = 1259) (%)</th>
              <th align="center">LV Aneurysm(+) (n = 157) (%)</th>
              <th align="center">p-value</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">P2Y12 inh.</td>
              <td align="center">(1226) 97.3</td>
              <td align="center">(112) 71.3</td>
              <td align="center">0.008</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">LMWH</td>
              <td align="center">(912)72.4</td>
              <td align="center">(97)61.7</td>
              <td align="center">0.008</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Statin</td>
              <td align="center">(124)98.6</td>
              <td align="center">(142)90.4</td>
              <td align="center">0.128</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">b-bloker</td>
              <td align="center">(1208)96.0</td>
              <td align="center">(136)86.6</td>
              <td align="center">0.300</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">ACE inh</td>
              <td align="center">(1041)82.6</td>
              <td align="center">(128)81.5</td>
              <td align="center">0.927</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">ARB</td>
              <td align="center">(34)2.7</td>
              <td align="center">(9)5.7</td>
              <td align="center">0.075</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Spironolakton</td>
              <td align="center">(92)7.3</td>
              <td align="center">(22)14.0</td>
              <td align="center">0.128</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Furosemide</td>
              <td align="center">(167)13.2</td>
              <td align="center">(99)63.1</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Tiyazid</td>
              <td align="center">(27)2.1</td>
              <td align="center">(14)8.9</td>
              <td align="center">0.050</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">CCB</td>
              <td align="center">(59)4.7</td>
              <td align="center">(7)4.4</td>
              <td align="center">0.542</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Amiodorone</td>
              <td align="center">(67)5.3</td>
              <td align="center">(16)10.2</td>
              <td align="center">0.190</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Digoxin</td>
              <td align="center">(16)1.3</td>
              <td align="center">(21)13.3</td>
              <td align="center">0.035</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Warfarin</td>
              <td align="center">(75)5.9</td>
              <td align="center">(15)9.5</td>
              <td align="center">0.050</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Ins&#252;lin</td>
              <td align="center">(101)8.0</td>
              <td align="center">(16)10.1</td>
              <td align="center">1.000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">OAD</td>
              <td align="center">(185)14.6</td>
              <td align="center">(7)4.4</td>
              <td align="center">0.205</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Post MI angina</td>
              <td align="center">(34)2.7</td>
              <td align="center">(8)5.0</td>
              <td align="center">0.542</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Heart Failure</td>
              <td align="center">(185)14.7</td>
              <td align="center">(93)59.2</td>
              <td align="center">0.01</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Acut Renal Failure</td>
              <td align="center">(44)3.3</td>
              <td align="center">(7)4.4</td>
              <td align="center">0.404</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Pericarditis</td>
              <td align="center">(51)4.0</td>
              <td align="center">(9)5.7</td>
              <td align="center">1.000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Arrythmia</td>
              <td align="center">(251)20.0</td>
              <td align="center">(64)40.7</td>
              <td align="center">0.046</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">GIS bleeding</td>
              <td align="center">(21)1.7</td>
              <td align="center">(4)2.5</td>
              <td align="center">1.000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Hematuri</td>
              <td align="center">(14)1.1</td>
              <td align="center">(7)4.4</td>
              <td align="center">0.227</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">LV thrombus</td>
              <td align="center">(23)1.8</td>
              <td align="center">(29)18.4</td>
              <td align="center">0.002</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Mitral Regurgitation</td>
              <td align="center">(167)13.2</td>
              <td align="center">57(36.3)</td>
              <td align="center">0.015</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN3">
            <p>P2Y12 inh.: P2Y12 inhibitor; LMWH: Low molecular weight heparine; ACE inh.: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB: Calcium channel Blockers; OAD: Oral antidiabetic; MI: myocardial infarction; GIS: Gasrointestinal system; LV: left Ventricle. Categorical variables were compared by Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Culprit Artery in Patients with Left ventricular aneurysm. LV: left ventricle; LMCA: left main coronary artery; LAD: left anterior descending coronary artery; CX: circumflex artery; RCA: right coronary artery.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-06-1129-90226-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
        <fig id="f3">
          <label>Figure 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Patients who developed left ventricular aneurysm after acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction had higher NT-pro BNP levels at admission. NT-pro BNP: N terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide LVA: left ventricular aneurysm.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-06-1129-90226-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <table-wrap id="t4">
        <label>Table 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Effects of variables on left ventricular aneurysm formation after acute MI in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="14%"/>
            <col width="14%"/>
            <col width="14%"/>
            <col width="14%"/>
            <col width="14%"/>
            <col width="14%"/>
            <col width="14%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" rowspan="2">Varible</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Univariate logistic regression analysis</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Multivariate logistic regression analysis</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center">OR</th>
              <th align="center">95% CI</th>
              <th align="center">p</th>
              <th align="center">OR</th>
              <th align="center">95% CI</th>
              <th align="center">p</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age (&gt; 65y)</td>
              <td align="center">1.04</td>
              <td align="center">1.00 - 1.09</td>
              <td align="center">0.051</td>
              <td align="center">1.04</td>
              <td align="center">1.00 - 1.09</td>
              <td align="center">0.030</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">BMI</td>
              <td align="center">1.06</td>
              <td align="center">0.96 - 1.17</td>
              <td align="center">0.263</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">NT-proBNP (&gt; 400 pg/mL)</td>
              <td align="center">1.01</td>
              <td align="center">1.00 - 1.01</td>
              <td align="center">0.005</td>
              <td align="center">1.01</td>
              <td align="center">1.00 - 1.01</td>
              <td align="center">0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Gensini Score</td>
              <td align="center">1.00</td>
              <td align="center">0.98 - 1.02</td>
              <td align="center">0.923</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Killip Class (&gt; 2)</td>
              <td align="center">8.96</td>
              <td align="center">2.90 - 28.96</td>
              <td align="center">0.0001</td>
              <td align="center">9.71</td>
              <td align="center">3.10 - 30.43</td>
              <td align="center">0.007</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Peak cTnI [ng/mL]</td>
              <td align="center">2.86</td>
              <td align="center">1.49 - 5.50</td>
              <td align="center">0.002</td>
              <td align="center">3.02</td>
              <td align="center">1.86 - 4.97</td>
              <td align="center">0.0 60</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">LVEF(&lt; 50%) after MI</td>
              <td align="center">0.82</td>
              <td align="center">0.75 - 0.90</td>
              <td align="center">0.051</td>
              <td align="center">0.85</td>
              <td align="center">0.82 - 0.96</td>
              <td align="center">0.070</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Peak CK-MB (IU/L)</td>
              <td align="center">0.36</td>
              <td align="center">0.01 - 0.65</td>
              <td align="center">0.005</td>
              <td align="center">0.23</td>
              <td align="center">0.12 - 1.02</td>
              <td align="center">0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Smoking</td>
              <td align="center">0.32</td>
              <td align="center">0.05 - 0.82</td>
              <td align="center">0.010</td>
              <td align="center">0.26</td>
              <td align="center">0.09 - 0.77</td>
              <td align="center">0.015</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">HT</td>
              <td align="center">1.81</td>
              <td align="center">0.65 - 5.01</td>
              <td align="center">0.253</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">DM</td>
              <td align="center">0.87</td>
              <td align="center">0.28 - 2.67</td>
              <td align="center">0.803</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Medication</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Statin</td>
              <td align="center">0.14</td>
              <td align="center">0.01 - 1.57</td>
              <td align="center">0.109</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">B Blocker</td>
              <td align="center">0.40</td>
              <td align="center">0.06 - 2.54</td>
              <td align="center">0.329</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">ACE Inh.</td>
              <td align="center">0.94</td>
              <td align="center">0.27 - 3.25</td>
              <td align="center">0.927</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">ARB</td>
              <td align="center">5.76</td>
              <td align="center">0.90 -</td>
              <td align="center">0.165</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Spironolactone</td>
              <td align="center">7.40</td>
              <td align="center">0.64 - 85.82</td>
              <td align="center">0.192</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Furosemide</td>
              <td align="center">5.94</td>
              <td align="center">1.0 - 36.33</td>
              <td align="center">0.180</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Fibrinolytic therapy</td>
              <td align="center">1.74</td>
              <td align="center">0.15 - 20.12</td>
              <td align="center">0.058</td>
              <td align="center">1.88</td>
              <td align="center">0.30 - 23.8</td>
              <td align="center">0.620</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Post MI HF</td>
              <td align="center">9.10</td>
              <td align="center">2.97 - 21.12</td>
              <td align="center">0.003</td>
              <td align="center">8.40</td>
              <td align="center">2.90 - 24.35</td>
              <td align="center">0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">ARF</td>
              <td align="center">3.52</td>
              <td align="center">0.21 - 58.76</td>
              <td align="center">0.080</td>
              <td align="center">3.65</td>
              <td align="center">0.28 - 56.32</td>
              <td align="center">0.100</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Post MI Pericarditis</td>
              <td align="center">1.14</td>
              <td align="center">0.11 - 11.57</td>
              <td align="center">0.910</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Arrhythmia</td>
              <td align="center">2.77</td>
              <td align="center">1.00 - 7.69</td>
              <td align="center">0.510</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous CABG</td>
              <td align="center">11.37</td>
              <td align="center">3.81 - 33.98</td>
              <td align="center">0.001</td>
              <td align="center">4.29</td>
              <td align="center">1.19 - 15.50</td>
              <td align="center">0.026</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Failure of reperfusion</td>
              <td align="center">0.34</td>
              <td align="center">0.20 - 1.46</td>
              <td align="center">0.050</td>
              <td align="center">0.32</td>
              <td align="center">0.12 - 0.86</td>
              <td align="center">0.024</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No-reflow phenomenon</td>
              <td align="center">0.98</td>
              <td align="center">0.48 - 1.33</td>
              <td align="center">0.025</td>
              <td align="center">0.96</td>
              <td align="center">0.42 - 1.22</td>
              <td align="center">0.012</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN4">
            <p>BMI: body mass index; cTnI: cardiac troponin I; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MI: Myocardial Infarction HT: Hypertension, DM: Diabetes Mellitus; CE: Angiotensin converting enzym inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; Post MI HF: Post Myocardial infarction heart failure; ARF: acute renal failure; CABG: Coronary artery by-pass greft.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Roc analysis showed that the cut-off value of NT-pro BNP at admission for LVA development was 400 pg/mL. The sensitivity and specificity were 78.3% and 94.7%, respectively. (Area under curve: 0.860 0.751-0.968 95% CI) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 4</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f4">
          <label>Figure 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve analysis shows the cut-off value of NT-pro BNP to predict left ventricular aneurysm.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-06-1129-90226-gf04.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Roc analysis showed that the cut-off value for peak cTnI for LVA development was 78 pg/mL (Area under the curve: 0.720 0.541-1.320 95% CI) and for peak CK-MB was 312.86 IU/mL (Area under the curve: 0.640 0.314-0.986 95% CI).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>Our study showed two main issues: 1) the factors affecting the development of LVA in the new treatment era of acute STEMI, and 2) that NT-pro BNP measured during the acute phase of STEMI is useful for predicting LVA development.</p>
      <p>Recent studies have determined that LVA incidence after acute STEMI was reduced from 10-30% to 8-15% after the developments in the treatment of acute STEMI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> In accordance with these data, we found that the incidence of LVA after acute STEMI was 10.3%. Although there are some controversial issues, previous studies have determined that single-vessel disease, total LAD occlusion, poor collateral supply to the infarct-related artery, hypertension and female gender were major determinants for the development of LVA after acute MI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> However, most of these data were reported before the modern treatment era. In our study, we determined that patients who received fibrinolytic therapy or no reperfusion therapy developed LVA more frequently than did patients who received PPCI. The type of fibrinolytic agent used had no effect on LVA formation. Patients who received reperfusion therapy earlier had less frequent LVA formation. These data showed that earlier reperfusion prevents the development of LVA. Moreover, in our study, P2Y12 inhibitors were found to be a determinant of LVA formations. Hirai et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> showed that good collateral coronary circulation has a beneficial effect on the prevention of LVA formation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Similarly, we found that the Rentrop score was significantly higher in patients without LVA. We also determined that the severity of coronary disease had no effect on the development of LVA. Additionally, gender and risk factors such as diabetes or hypertension had no effect on the development of LVA.</p>
      <p>The biomarkers of cardiac function may provide useful information in evaluating cardiac outcomes after acute STEMI. Mayr et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> found that NT-pro BNP on day 3 after admission correlated with acute and chronic infarct size and left ventricular ejection fraction after acute myocardial infarction.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> Kleczy&#324;ski et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> showed that the assessment of NT-pro BNP level 6 months after STEMI is a useful marker of infarct size and left ventricle function at long-term follow up.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> Fazl&#305;nezhad et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> showed that BNP level is a predictor of acute MI complications such as left ventricular pseudoaneurysm.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> We showed that NT-pro BNP assessment within the first 12 hours of chest pain is a good indicator to predict LVA. This relationship may be associated with ischemic remodeling of the left ventricle, which triggers NT-pro BNP secretion.</p>
      <p>The answer as to why we observed high NT-pro BNP levels before the development of LVA may be associated with the properties of NT-pro BNP. The level of NT-pro BNP may reflect the severity of the ischemic insult, even when myocardial necrosis has not occurred. It has been shown that in experimental acute myocardial infarction, NT-pro BNP synthesis is augmented not only in infarcted tissue but also in non-infarcted tissue.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> In addition, NT-pro BNP levels have been shown to increase transiently after uncomplicated percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, even when intracardiac filling pressures remain unchanged.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> Therefore, we may suggest that transient ischemia increases wall stress and induces BNP synthesis and the release in proportion to the degree of ischemic insult. Afterwards, this ischemia causes infarct tissue and LVA. Thus, we observed high levels of NT-pro BNP before the development of LVA.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>In this study, we found that in the modern treatment era of acute STEMI, there are new factors such as reperfusion therapy or P2Y12 inhibitors that affect the development of LVA. We also found that NT-pro BNP &gt; 400 pg/dL measured during the first 12 hours of acute STEMI is a good predictor of LVA formation. To the best of our knowledge, no previously published studies have demonstrated the relationship between admission NT-pro BNP levels and LVA formation after acute MI. Therefore, we concluded that a single measurement of NT-pro BNP at admission in patients with acute STEMI proves useful for the estimation of LVA development.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Limitations</bold>
        </p>
        <p>First, we measured the NT-pro BNP levels only at admission. Serial measurement may give more information about LVA development. Second, we only determined the LVA by TTE. Although TTE was performed by two blind echocardiographers, there will still be limitations in detecting the apical aneurysms.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Ankara Numune Training and Education Hospital under the protocol number 179. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Utilidade do N&#237;vel de NT-Pro-BNP no Plasma &#224; Interna&#231;&#227;o em Predizer a Forma&#231;&#227;o de Aneurisma do Ventr&#237;culo Esquerdo ap&#243;s Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio com Eleva&#231;&#227;o do Segmento ST</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Celebi</surname>
            <given-names>Savas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1527-6440</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Celebi</surname>
            <given-names>Ozlem Ozcan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cetin</surname>
            <given-names>Serkan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cetin</surname>
            <given-names>Hande Ozcan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tek</surname>
            <given-names>Mujgan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gokaslan</surname>
            <given-names>Serkan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Amasyali</surname>
            <given-names>Basri</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Berkalp</surname>
            <given-names>Berkten</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Diker</surname>
            <given-names>Erdem</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aydogdu</surname>
            <given-names>Sinan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Universitesi - Cardiology, Ankara - Turquia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">University of Health Science, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital - Cardiology, Ankara - Turquia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Afyon Kocatepe Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Afyon - Turquia</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Ozlem Ozcan Celebi</bold> University of Health Science, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital - Cardiology - TYIH Kardiyoloji Klini&#287;i S&#305;hh&#305;ye Ankara Ankara 06100 - Turquia E-mail: <email>drozlemoz79@yahoo.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Celebi S, Celebi OO, Gokaslan S, Berkalp B, Aydogdu S; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Celebi S, Celebi OO, Cetin HO; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Celebi S, Cetin S, Tek M; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Celebi S, Celebi OO, Berkalp B, Aydogdu S; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Celebi S, Cetin S, Cetin HO, Tek M, Amasyali B, Berkalp B, Diker E, Aydogdu S.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>O aneurisma do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (AVE) &#233; uma importante complica&#231;&#227;o do infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Investigar o papel da por&#231;&#227;o N-terminal do pr&#243;-horm&#244;nio do pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico do tipo B (NT-proBNP) para predizer o desenvolvimento de AVE ap&#243;s infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCST).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Inclu&#237;mos prospectivamente 1519 pacientes consecutivos com IAMCST. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o desenvolvimento de AVE nos seis meses ap&#243;s o infarto do mioc&#225;rdio. Os pacientes com ou sem AVE foram examinados para determinar se existia uma rela&#231;&#227;o significativa entre os valores basais do NT-proBNP e as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas. Um valor de p &lt; 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>O AVE foi detectado em 157 pacientes (10,3%). O n&#237;vel basal do NT-proBNP foi significativamente maior em pacientes que desenvolveram AVE ap&#243;s IAM (523,5 &#177; 231,1 pg/mL vs. 192,3 &#177; 176,6 pg/mL, respectivamente, p &lt; 0,001). Os preditores independentes da forma&#231;&#227;o de AVE ap&#243;s IAM foram idade &gt; 65 anos, tabagismo, classe Killip &gt; 2, cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica anterior, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca p&#243;s-infarto do mioc&#225;rdio, fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &lt; 50%, falha de reperfus&#227;o, fen&#244;meno de no-reflow, pico de troponina I e CK-MB e NT-proBNP &gt; 400 pg/mL na interna&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es:</title>
          <p>Nossos achados indicam que o n&#237;vel plasm&#225;tico do fragmento N-terminal do pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B na admiss&#227;o, entre outras vari&#225;veis, fornece informa&#231;&#245;es preditivas valiosas sobre o desenvolvimento de AVE ap&#243;s o IAMCST agudo.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Aneurisma Coron&#225;rio/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Indicadores de Morbimortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Volume Sist&#243;lico</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>O aneurisma do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (AVE) &#233; um importante marcador progn&#243;stico fortemente correlacionado com mortalidade e morbidade ap&#243;s infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCST). O AVE tamb&#233;m est&#225; fortemente relacionado a desfechos cl&#237;nicos adversos. Sabe-se que o AVE apresenta um alto risco de arritmia, tromboembolismo e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. Al&#233;m disso, pacientes com essa complica&#231;&#227;o apresentam alto risco de morte em um ano, independente da fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Os fatores associados ao AVE ap&#243;s o IAMCST agudo j&#225; foram determinados. No entanto, a maioria desses estudos foi realizada antes da era do tratamento moderno para infarto do mioc&#225;rdio. Al&#233;m disso, os preditores bioqu&#237;micos dessa complica&#231;&#227;o ainda n&#227;o foram determinados. A detec&#231;&#227;o precoce antes do desenvolvimento de AVE pode ser &#250;til no manejo de pacientes com IAMCST agudo.</p>
        <p>A por&#231;&#227;o N-terminal do pr&#243;-horm&#244;nio do pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico do tipo B (NT-proBNP) &#233; um pept&#237;deo de 32 amino&#225;cidos que &#233; sintetizado e liberado predominantemente do mioc&#225;rdio ventricular em resposta ao estiramento do mi&#243;cito.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> No entanto, o NT-proBNP &#233; secretado n&#227;o apenas em resposta ao aumento do estiramento da parede ventricular esquerda, mas tamb&#233;m &#224; isquemia e infarto mioc&#225;rdicos. Os n&#237;veis de NT-proBNP se correlacionam com a dilata&#231;&#227;o, remodela&#231;&#227;o e disfun&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo em pacientes ap&#243;s infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
				</p>
        <p>As concentra&#231;&#245;es de NT-proBNP aumentam rapidamente nas primeiras 24 horas ap&#243;s o IAM e tendem a se estabilizar. Quando medidas de 1 a 7 dias ap&#243;s o IAM, a eleva&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de NT-proBNP identifica pacientes com risco de disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e morte.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Os n&#237;veis de NT-proBNP ap&#243;s o IAM mostraram-se &#250;teis para predizer o progn&#243;stico e estimar o tamanho do infarto, mas o valor do NT-proBNP para predizer a forma&#231;&#227;o de AVE ainda n&#227;o foi determinado.</p>
        <p>O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o valor do n&#237;vel de NT-proBNP na interna&#231;&#227;o para predizer o AVE ap&#243;s IAMCST agudo.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <p>Um total de 1.519 pacientes com IAMCST consecutivos admitidos em nosso departamento foram inclu&#237;dos neste estudo, de junho de 2011 a janeiro de 2017. O protocolo do estudo foi aprovado pelo comit&#234; de &#233;tica local. O estudo cumpriu com as diretrizes da Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinque e o consentimento livre e informado por escrito foi obtido de todos os pacientes. Os crit&#233;rios de elegibilidade inclu&#237;ram pacientes com idade entre 21 e 75 anos que se apresentaram ao hospital dentro de 12 horas ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio da dor tor&#225;cica. Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o foram insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca pr&#233;via, choque, edema pulmonar com necessidade de intuba&#231;&#227;o e <italic>clearance</italic> de creatinina &lt; 30 mL/min. O IAMCST agudo foi definido de acordo com a terceira defini&#231;&#227;o universal de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Informa&#231;&#245;es demogr&#225;ficas foram coletadas e um exame f&#237;sico foi realizado para cada paciente. Um registro de eletrocardiograma de 16 deriva&#231;&#245;es foi obtido de cada paciente imediatamente ap&#243;s a interna&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>O ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico (ETT) bidimensional foi realizado em todos os pacientes na admiss&#227;o e ao final do primeiro e do sexto m&#234;s ap&#243;s o IAMCST agudo &#237;ndice. As medidas do ETT foram realizadas utilizando um sistema Vivid 7 (Vivid 7, GE Vingmed Ultrasound, Horten, Noruega). A avalia&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica foi realizada de acordo com um estudo anterior de Weyman et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> O ETT bidimensional completo, incluindo a interroga&#231;&#227;o do fluxo por Doppler, foi realizada de acordo com as t&#233;cnicas padr&#227;o. O AVE foi definido como uma convexidade demarcada no contorno da parede ventricular esquerda durante a di&#225;stole e a s&#237;stole, que mostrou acinesia e discinesia.</p>
        <p>Amostras de sangue foram obtidas imediatamente ap&#243;s a admiss&#227;o na unidade coronariana utilizando tubos contendo EDTA. As amostras foram armazenadas durante 3 dias antes da avalia&#231;&#227;o do NT-proBNP. O n&#237;vel de NT-proBNP do plasma foi medido utilizando-se a t&#233;cnica de imunoensaio da Roche Diagnostics (Elecsys proBNP-electrochemiluminescence immunoassay - ElecsysproBNP; Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Ind).</p>
        <p>A <italic>clearance</italic> da creatinina s&#233;rica basal foi estimada utilizando a f&#243;rmula de Cockcroft-Gault. Amostras de sangue em jejum foram obtidas pela manh&#227; ap&#243;s a interna&#231;&#227;o para determinar a glicemia de jejum e lip&#237;dios no sangue. Amostras de sangue para avalia&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de troponina I e creatina quinase-MB (CK-MB) foram coletadas a cada 8 h durante os primeiros 3 dias ap&#243;s a interna&#231;&#227;o. O pico de troponina e os n&#237;veis de CK-MB tamb&#233;m foram coletados durante a hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>A reperfus&#227;o foi obtida com interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea prim&#225;ria (ICPP) ou terapia fibrinol&#237;tica. A escolha do tipo de terapia de reperfus&#227;o foi feita de acordo com a condi&#231;&#227;o do paciente e as capacidades do centro. Os pacientes que n&#227;o eram adequados para a terapia de reperfus&#227;o devido &#224; admiss&#227;o tardia, comorbidades ou contraindica&#231;&#245;es foram acompanhados clinicamente.</p>
        <p>Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a angiografia coronariana, exceto pacientes com comorbidades graves ou contraindica&#231;&#245;es. A angiografia coronariana seletiva esquerda e direita foi realizada utilizando a t&#233;cnica de Judkins. A ventriculografia esquerda foi realizada nas incid&#234;ncias obl&#237;qua anterior direita de 30&#176; e obl&#237;qua anterior esquerda de 60&#176; e a press&#227;o diast&#243;lica final do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo foi medida antes da ventriculografia.</p>
        <p>A escala de gradua&#231;&#227;o de Rentrop foi utilizada para quantificar a extens&#227;o do preenchimento colateral. A incid&#234;ncia mais opacificada foi utilizada para a classifica&#231;&#227;o. Os seguintes valores foram atribu&#237;dos de acordo com a escala: 0 = sem enchimento vis&#237;vel de qualquer vaso colateral ou canais colaterais, 1 = enchimento dos ramos laterais da art&#233;ria a ser perfundida por vasos colaterais sem visualiza&#231;&#227;o do segmento epic&#225;rdico, 2 = enchimento parcial da art&#233;ria epic&#225;rdica por vasos colaterais, ou 3 = enchimento completo da art&#233;ria epic&#225;rdica por vasos colaterais.</p>
        <p>O escore m&#233;dio colateral foi ent&#227;o calculado dividindo-se a soma dos n&#250;meros de Rentrop pelo n&#250;mero de pacientes.</p>
        <p>O escore de Gensini foi utilizado para avaliar a gravidade das les&#245;es coronarianas. O c&#225;lculo do escore de Gensini foi iniciado atribuindo-se um escore de gravidade para cada estenose coronariana: 1 ponto para &#8804; 25% de estreitamento, 2 pontos para 26 a 50% de estreitamento, 4 pontos para 51 a 75% de estreitamento, 8 pontos para 76 a 90% estreitamento, 16 pontos para 91 a 99% de estreitamento e 32 pontos para a oclus&#227;o total. Posteriormente, o escore de cada les&#227;o foi multiplicado por um fator que considerou a import&#226;ncia da posi&#231;&#227;o da les&#227;o na circula&#231;&#227;o coronariana (5 para o tronco de coron&#225;ria esquerda (TCE); 2,5 para o segmento proximal da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria descendente anterior (ADA); 2,5 para o segmento proximal da art&#233;ria circunflexa (Cx); 1,5 para o segmento m&#233;dio da ADA esquerda; 1,0 para a art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita (ACD), o segmento distal da ADA esquerda, a art&#233;ria p&#243;stero-lateral ou a art&#233;ria marginal obtusa; e 0,5 para os outros segmentos). Ao final, o escore de Gensini foi calculado pela soma dos escores individuais dos segmentos coronarianos em cada grupo. A ICPP foi realizada apenas para a art&#233;ria culpada. A interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea (ICP) foi realizada para les&#245;es esten&#243;ticas n&#227;o culpadas durante a hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o-&#237;ndice. Em pacientes que receberam terapia fibrinol&#237;tica e subsequentemente foram submetidos a angiografia coron&#225;ria, a ICP <italic>ad hoc</italic> foi realizada em pacientes com anatomia coron&#225;ria adequada, e stents farmacol&#243;gicos foram utilizados na maioria dos pacientes. Em pacientes sem anatomia coronariana adequada para ICP, foi decidido utilizar terapia medicamentosa ou cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio.</p>
        <p>Todos os pacientes receberam aspirina (300-500 mg), uma dose de ataque de clopidogrel (300-600 mg) e um <italic>bolus</italic> de heparina n&#227;o fracionada (60-100 U/kg). No momento da alta, a terapia m&#233;dica foi prescrita de acordo com o estado individual do paciente e recomenda&#231;&#245;es de diretrizes para preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a presen&#231;a de AVE dentro dos seis meses do infarto do mioc&#225;rdio &#237;ndice. O grupo 1 consistiu em pacientes com AVE e o grupo 2 incluiu aqueles sem AVE.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada utilizando o software estat&#237;stico IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0. Vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas com distribui&#231;&#227;o normal foram apresentadas como m&#233;dia &#177; desvio padr&#227;o, vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas com distribui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o-normal foram apresentadas como mediana e intervalo interquart&#237;lico e vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram expressas como o n&#250;mero de pacientes e porcentagens. A normalidade foi testada utilizando-se o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Compara&#231;&#245;es entre vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram realizadas pelo teste do Qui-quadrado de Pearson, ou teste exato de Fisher, conforme apropriado. As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram comparadas pelo teste <italic>t</italic> de Student para amostras independentes ou pelo teste de Mann-Whitney, conforme apropriado. Todos os testes foram bicaudais e um valor de p &lt; 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Analisamos os efeitos de diferentes vari&#225;veis sobre a ocorr&#234;ncia de aneurisma ventricular na an&#225;lise univariada e determinamos as vari&#225;veis cujo p-valor n&#227;o ajustado foi &lt; 0,10 como marcadores de risco potenciais e estes foram inclu&#237;dos no modelo completo. O modelo foi criado utilizando a elimina&#231;&#227;o <italic>forward</italic> na an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o multivariada e eliminamos os marcadores de risco potenciais utilizando testes de raz&#227;o de verossimilhan&#231;a. A &#225;rea sob as curvas ROC (<italic>receiver operating characteristic</italic>), baseada na estat&#237;stica-C, foi realizada para determinar o valor de corte ideal para o NT-proBNP predizer o AVE.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos 1.519 pacientes (m&#233;dia de idade de 56,7 &#177; 11,7 anos). A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">figura 1</xref> descreve a inclus&#227;o de pacientes para este estudo. As caracter&#237;sticas basais dos pacientes est&#227;o resumidas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 1</xref>. O tempo desde o in&#237;cio da dor tor&#225;cica at&#233; a chegada ao hospital foi de 6 &#177; 12 horas. Dos 1.519 pacientes, a ICP prim&#225;ria foi realizada em 67% e 26% receberam terapia fibrinol&#237;tica. Sete por cento dos pacientes n&#227;o receberam nenhuma terapia de reperfus&#227;o. Entre os pacientes que desenvolveram AVE, a localiza&#231;&#227;o do infarto do mioc&#225;rdio foi na parede anterior em 90,4%, parede inferior isolada em 1,3%, inferoposterior em 2% e ventr&#237;culo direito inferior em 6,3%. Al&#233;m disso, os pacientes com IAM com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCST) localizados anteriormente desenvolveram o AVE com maior frequ&#234;ncia do que pacientes com infarto do outro lado (7,8%<italic>vs.</italic> 1,2%; p &lt; 0,01). Pacientes que desenvolveram AVE tiveram menor taxa de reperfus&#227;o do que pacientes sem AVE (42,1% <italic>vs.</italic> 15,2%, p = 0,021) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 2</xref>). A taxa de AVE foi menor em pacientes que receberam ICPP do que em pacientes que receberam terapia fibrinol&#237;tica ou nenhuma terapia de reperfus&#227;o (5,3 <italic>vs.</italic> 9,2 p &lt; 0,01; 5,3 <italic>vs.</italic> 14,7; p = 0,03). O tipo de agente fibrinol&#237;tico utilizado n&#227;o teve efeito sobre o desenvolvimento de AVE. Pacientes com AVE tiveram uma menor taxa de uso de inibidores P2Y12 (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Tabela 3</xref>). Quando a art&#233;ria culpada foi a art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda, o risco de AVE foi maior do que nas outras art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura 2</xref>). Os escores de Gensini foram semelhantes entre os grupos (38,7 &#177; 30,8 <italic>vs</italic>. 37,9 &#177; 29,9, p = 0,924). No entanto, os escores de Rentrop foram significativamente maiores em pacientes sem AVE (1,96 &#177; 1,32 vs. 1,51 &#177; 0,76, p = 0,001). O tempo para a terapia de reperfus&#227;o foi menor em pacientes sem AVE (4,1 &#177; 6,3 <italic>vs</italic>. 6,2 &#177; 5,9, p &lt; 0,05). O n&#237;vel basal de NT-proBNP foi significativamente maior em pacientes com AVE (523,5 &#177; 231,1 pg/mL <italic>vs</italic>. 192,3 &#177; 176,6 pg/mL, p &lt; 0,001) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figura 3</xref>). A an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada determinou os preditores de AVE ap&#243;s o infarto do mioc&#225;rdio (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Tabela 4</xref>). A cirurgia pr&#233;via de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca p&#243;s-infarto do mioc&#225;rdio, idade mais jovem, tabagismo, fen&#244;meno de <italic>no-reflow</italic> e altos n&#237;veis de NT-proBNP na admiss&#227;o foram capazes de predizer a forma&#231;&#227;o de AVE ap&#243;s IAMCST agudo.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f5">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Fluxograma de pacientes demonstrando o n&#250;mero de pacientes eleg&#237;veis para inclus&#227;o no estudo.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-06-1129-90226-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Demografia do grupo de estudo</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">Aneurisma do VE (-)</th>
                <th align="center">Aneurisma do VE (+)</th>
                <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade (anos)</td>
                <td align="center">55,4 &#177; 11,0</td>
                <td align="center">61,0 &#177; 13,2</td>
                <td align="center">0,048</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sexo (M) (n) %</td>
                <td align="center">(783)62,2</td>
                <td align="center">(106)67,5</td>
                <td align="center">0,070</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IMC</td>
                <td align="center">27,4 &#177; 4,7</td>
                <td align="center">28,6 &#177; 2,9</td>
                <td align="center">0,030</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Fumante (n) %</td>
                <td align="center">(673)53,4</td>
                <td align="center">(35)22,2</td>
                <td align="center">0,011</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">DM (n) %</td>
                <td align="center">(319)25,3</td>
                <td align="center">(36)22,9</td>
                <td align="center">0,803</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">RM (n) %</td>
                <td align="center">(23)1,8</td>
                <td align="center">(14)8,9</td>
                <td align="center">0,008</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ICP (n) %</td>
                <td align="center">(34)2,7</td>
                <td align="center">(2)1,3</td>
                <td align="center">0,439</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN5">
              <p>VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; IMC: &#237;ndice de massa corporal; DM: diabetes mellitus; RM: revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica; ICP: interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>
          <fig id="f6">
            <label>Figura 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Art&#233;ria culpada em pacientes com aneurisma do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo. VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; ADA: art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria descendente anterior; TCE: tronco de coron&#225;ria esquerda; CX: art&#233;ria circunflexa; ACD: art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-06-1129-90226-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          <fig id="f7">
            <label>Figura 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Pacientes que desenvolveram aneurisma do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo ap&#243;s infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST apresentaram n&#237;veis mais altos de NT-pro BNP na interna&#231;&#227;o. NT-pro BNP: por&#231;&#227;o N-terminal do pr&#243;-horm&#244;nio do pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico do tipo B; AVE: aneurisma do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-06-1129-90226-gf03-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>A an&#225;lise da curva ROC mostrou que o valor de corte do NT-proBNP na admiss&#227;o para o desenvolvimento de AVE foi de 400 pg/mL. A sensibilidade e especificidade foram de 78,3% e 94,7%, respectivamente. (&#193;rea sob a curva: 0,860; IC95%: 0,751-0,968) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figura 4</xref>). A an&#225;lise da curva ROC mostrou que o valor de corte para o pico de troponina I card&#237;aca (TnIc) para o desenvolvimento de AVE foi de 78 pg/mL (&#193;rea sob a curva: 0,720; IC95%: 0,541-1,320) e para pico de CK-MB foi de 312,86 UI/mL (&#193;rea sob a curva: 0,640; IC 95%: 0,314-0,986).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f8">
            <label>Figura 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>An&#225;lise da curva ROC (receiver operating characteristic) mostrando o valor de corte do NT-proBNP para prever o aneurisma do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-06-1129-90226-gf04-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Par&#226;metros laboratoriais e angiogr&#225;ficos do grupo de estudo</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">Aneurisma do VE (-)</th>
                <th align="center">Aneurisma do VE (+)</th>
                <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">NT-BNP, pg/mL</td>
                <td align="center">192,3 &#177; 176,6</td>
                <td align="center">523,5 &#177; 231,1</td>
                <td align="center">0,000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Escore de Gensini</td>
                <td align="center">38,7 &#177; 30,8</td>
                <td align="center">37,9 &#177; 29,9</td>
                <td align="center">0,924</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Escore de Rentrop</td>
                <td align="center">1,96 &#177; 1,32</td>
                <td align="center">1,51 &#177; 0,76</td>
                <td align="center">0,000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o, %</td>
                <td align="center">72</td>
                <td align="center">45,5</td>
                <td align="center">0,021</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Reperfus&#227;o bem sucedida, %</td>
                <td align="center">84,5</td>
                <td align="center">62,8</td>
                <td align="center">0,01</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Killip</td>
                <td align="center">1,1 &#177; 0,3</td>
                <td align="center">1,5 &#177; 0,5</td>
                <td align="center">0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">FEVE (%)</td>
                <td align="center">4,2 &#177; 8,6</td>
                <td align="center">32,3 &#177; 4,8</td>
                <td align="center">0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Creatinina, mg/dl</td>
                <td align="center">0,9 &#177; 0,7</td>
                <td align="center">1,3 &#177; 0,8</td>
                <td align="center">0,02</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">VPM, fL</td>
                <td align="center">8,6 &#177; 0,8</td>
                <td align="center">9,3 &#177; 0,8</td>
                <td align="center">0,000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">VCM, fL</td>
                <td align="center">85,0 &#177; 9,8</td>
                <td align="center">86,2 &#177; 10,7</td>
                <td align="center">0,683</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Glicose, mg/dl</td>
                <td align="center">98,7 (IQR 62,0-312,0)</td>
                <td align="center">101,5 (IQR 66,0-427,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,211</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">HbA1c, %</td>
                <td align="center">7,2 (IQR 5,8-13,1)</td>
                <td align="center">7,8 (IQR 6,5-14,8)</td>
                <td align="center">0,098</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Pico Tnlc, ng/mL</td>
                <td align="center">28,6 &#177; 19,2</td>
                <td align="center">43,4 &#177; 26,8</td>
                <td align="center">0,000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Pico CK-MB, IU/L</td>
                <td align="center">82,0 &#177; 54,30</td>
                <td align="center">212 &#177; 96,80</td>
                <td align="center">0,003</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN6">
              <p>FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; VPM: volume m&#233;dio de plaquetas; VCM: volume corpuscular m&#233;dio; IQR: intervalo interquartil; Tnlc: troponina I card&#237;aca; CK-MB: creatina quinase-MB. As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram comparadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson ou exato de Fisher, e as vari&#225;veis num&#233;ricas cont&#237;nuas foram comparadas pelo teste t de Student para amostra independente ou teste de Mann-Whitney, conforme apropriado.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t7">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Terapia hospitalar e eventos adversos</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">Aneurisma do VE (-) (n = 1259) (%)</th>
                <th align="center">Aneurisma do VE (+) (n = 157) (%)</th>
                <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">P2Y12 inib.</td>
                <td align="center">(1226) 97,3</td>
                <td align="center">(112) 71,3</td>
                <td align="center">0,008</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">HBPM</td>
                <td align="center">(912)72,4</td>
                <td align="center">(97)61,7</td>
                <td align="center">0,008</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Estatina</td>
                <td align="center">(124)98,6</td>
                <td align="center">(142)90,4</td>
                <td align="center">0,128</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Betabloqueador</td>
                <td align="center">(1208)96,0</td>
                <td align="center">(136)86,6</td>
                <td align="center">0,300</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ECA inib.</td>
                <td align="center">(1041)82,6</td>
                <td align="center">(128)81,5</td>
                <td align="center">0,927</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">BRA</td>
                <td align="center">(34)2,7</td>
                <td align="center">(9)5,7</td>
                <td align="center">0,075</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Spironolakton</td>
                <td align="center">(92)7,3</td>
                <td align="center">(22)14,0</td>
                <td align="center">0,128</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Furosemida</td>
                <td align="center">(167)13,2</td>
                <td align="center">(99)63,1</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tiyazid</td>
                <td align="center">(27)2,1</td>
                <td align="center">(14)8,9</td>
                <td align="center">0,050</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">CCB</td>
                <td align="center">(59)4,7</td>
                <td align="center">(7)4,4</td>
                <td align="center">0,542</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Amiodorona</td>
                <td align="center">(67)5,3</td>
                <td align="center">(16)10,2</td>
                <td align="center">0,190</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Digoxina</td>
                <td align="center">(16)1,3</td>
                <td align="center">(21)13,3</td>
                <td align="center">0,035</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Varfarina</td>
                <td align="center">(75)5,9</td>
                <td align="center">(15)9,5</td>
                <td align="center">0,050</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Insulina</td>
                <td align="center">(101)8,0</td>
                <td align="center">(16)10,1</td>
                <td align="center">1,000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">DAO</td>
                <td align="center">(185)14,6</td>
                <td align="center">(7)4,4</td>
                <td align="center">0,205</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Angina p&#243;s IM</td>
                <td align="center">(34)2,7</td>
                <td align="center">(8)5,0</td>
                <td align="center">0,542</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IC</td>
                <td align="center">(185)14,7</td>
                <td align="center">(93)59,2</td>
                <td align="center">0,01</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IRA</td>
                <td align="center">(44)3,3</td>
                <td align="center">(7)4,4</td>
                <td align="center">0,404</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Pericardite</td>
                <td align="center">(51)4,0</td>
                <td align="center">(9)5,7</td>
                <td align="center">1,000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Arritmia</td>
                <td align="center">(251)20,0</td>
                <td align="center">(64)40,7</td>
                <td align="center">0,046</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sangramento SIG</td>
                <td align="center">(21)1,7</td>
                <td align="center">(4)2,5</td>
                <td align="center">1,000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hematuri</td>
                <td align="center">(14)1,1</td>
                <td align="center">(7)4,4</td>
                <td align="center">0,227</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Trombo VE</td>
                <td align="center">(23)1,8</td>
                <td align="center">(29)18,4</td>
                <td align="center">0,002</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Insufici&#234;ncia mitral</td>
                <td align="center">(167)13,2</td>
                <td align="center">57(36,3)</td>
                <td align="center">0,015</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN7">
              <p>P2Y12 inib.: inibidor de P2Y12; HBPM: heparina de baixo peso molecular; ECA inib.: inibidor da enzima de convers&#227;o da angiotensina; BRA: bloqueador do receptor da angiotensina; CCB: bloqueadores dos canais de c&#225;lcio; DAO: Antidiab&#233;tico oral; IM: infarto do mioc&#225;rdio; IC: insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca; IRA: insufici&#234;ncia renal aguda; SIG: sistema gastrointestinal; VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo. As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram comparadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson ou pelo teste exato de Fisher.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t8">
          <label>Tabela 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Efeitos das vari&#225;veis na forma&#231;&#227;o de aneurisma do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo ap&#243;s infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio na an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica univariada e multivariada</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">An&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica univariada</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">An&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">OR</th>
                <th align="center">IC 95%</th>
                <th align="center">p</th>
                <th align="center">OR</th>
                <th align="center">IC 95%</th>
                <th align="center">p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade (&gt; 65 anos)</td>
                <td align="center">1,04</td>
                <td align="center">1,00 - 1,09</td>
                <td align="center">0,051</td>
                <td align="center">1,04</td>
                <td align="center">1,00 - 1,09</td>
                <td align="center">0,030</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IMC</td>
                <td align="center">1,06</td>
                <td align="center">0,96 - 1,17</td>
                <td align="center">0,263</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">NT-proBNP (&gt; 400 pg/mL)</td>
                <td align="center">1,01</td>
                <td align="center">1,00 - 1,01</td>
                <td align="center">0,005</td>
                <td align="center">1,01</td>
                <td align="center">1,00 - 1,01</td>
                <td align="center">0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Escore de Gensini</td>
                <td align="center">1,00</td>
                <td align="center">0,98 - 1,02</td>
                <td align="center">0,923</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Classe Killip (&gt; 2)</td>
                <td align="center">8,96</td>
                <td align="center">2,90 - 28,96</td>
                <td align="center">0,0001</td>
                <td align="center">9,71</td>
                <td align="center">3,10 - 30,43</td>
                <td align="center">0,007</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Pico Tnlc [ng/mL]</td>
                <td align="center">2,86</td>
                <td align="center">1,49 - 5,50</td>
                <td align="center">0,002</td>
                <td align="center">3,02</td>
                <td align="center">1,86 - 4,97</td>
                <td align="center">0,0 60</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">FEVE (&lt; 50%) depois IM</td>
                <td align="center">0,82</td>
                <td align="center">0,75 - 0,90</td>
                <td align="center">0,051</td>
                <td align="center">0,85</td>
                <td align="center">0,82 - 0,96</td>
                <td align="center">0,070</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Pico CK-MB (IU/L)</td>
                <td align="center">0,36</td>
                <td align="center">0,01 - 0,65</td>
                <td align="center">0,005</td>
                <td align="center">0,23</td>
                <td align="center">0,12 - 1,02</td>
                <td align="center">0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Fumante</td>
                <td align="center">0,32</td>
                <td align="center">0,05 - 0,82</td>
                <td align="center">0,010</td>
                <td align="center">0,26</td>
                <td align="center">0,09 - 0,77</td>
                <td align="center">0,015</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">HT</td>
                <td align="center">1,81</td>
                <td align="center">0,65 - 5,01</td>
                <td align="center">0,253</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">DM</td>
                <td align="center">0,87</td>
                <td align="center">0,28 - 2,67</td>
                <td align="center">0,803</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Medica&#231;&#227;o</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Estatina</td>
                <td align="center">0,14</td>
                <td align="center">0,01 - 1,57</td>
                <td align="center">0,109</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Betabloqueador</td>
                <td align="center">0,40</td>
                <td align="center">0,06 - 2,54</td>
                <td align="center">0,329</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ECA inib.</td>
                <td align="center">0,94</td>
                <td align="center">0,27 - 3,25</td>
                <td align="center">0,927</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">BRA</td>
                <td align="center">5,76</td>
                <td align="center">0,90 -</td>
                <td align="center">0,165</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Spironolactone</td>
                <td align="center">7,40</td>
                <td align="center">0,64 - 85,82</td>
                <td align="center">0,192</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Furosemida</td>
                <td align="center">5,94</td>
                <td align="center">1,0 - 36,33</td>
                <td align="center">0,180</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Terapia fibrinol&#237;tica</td>
                <td align="center">1,74</td>
                <td align="center">0,15 - 20,12</td>
                <td align="center">0,058</td>
                <td align="center">1,88</td>
                <td align="center">0,30 - 23,8</td>
                <td align="center">0,620</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IC p&#243;s IM</td>
                <td align="center">9,10</td>
                <td align="center">2,97 - 21,12</td>
                <td align="center">0,003</td>
                <td align="center">8,40</td>
                <td align="center">2,90 - 24,35</td>
                <td align="center">0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IRA</td>
                <td align="center">3,52</td>
                <td align="center">0,21 - 58,76</td>
                <td align="center">0,080</td>
                <td align="center">3,65</td>
                <td align="center">0,28 - 56,32</td>
                <td align="center">0,100</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Pericardite p&#243;s-IM</td>
                <td align="center">1,14</td>
                <td align="center">0,11 - 11,57</td>
                <td align="center">0,910</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Arritmia</td>
                <td align="center">2,77</td>
                <td align="center">1,00 - 7,69</td>
                <td align="center">0,510</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">CRM</td>
                <td align="center">11,37</td>
                <td align="center">3,81 - 33,98</td>
                <td align="center">0,001</td>
                <td align="center">4,29</td>
                <td align="center">1,19 - 15,50</td>
                <td align="center">0,026</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Falha na reperfus&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">0,34</td>
                <td align="center">0,20 - 1,46</td>
                <td align="center">0,050</td>
                <td align="center">0,32</td>
                <td align="center">0,12 - 0,86</td>
                <td align="center">0,024</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Fen&#244;meno sem refluxo</td>
                <td align="center">0,98</td>
                <td align="center">0,48 - 1,33</td>
                <td align="center">0,025</td>
                <td align="center">0,96</td>
                <td align="center">0,42 - 1,22</td>
                <td align="center">0,012</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN8">
              <p>IMC: &#237;ndice de massa corporal; Tnlc: troponina card&#237;aca I; FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; IM: Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio HT: Hipertens&#227;o, DM: Diabetes Mellitus; ECA inib: Inibidor da enzima de convers&#227;o da angiotensina; BRA: bloqueador do receptor da angiotensina; IC p&#243;s IM: insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca p&#243;s-infarto do mioc&#225;rdio; IRA: insufici&#234;ncia renal aguda; CRM: Cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Nosso estudo mostrou duas quest&#245;es principais: 1) os fatores que afetam o desenvolvimento de AVE em uma nova era de tratamento de IAMCST agudo, e 2) que o NT-proBNP medido durante a fase aguda do IAMCST &#233; &#250;til para prever o desenvolvimento de AVE.</p>
        <p>Estudos recentes determinaram que a incid&#234;ncia de AVE ap&#243;s IAMCST agudo foi reduzida de 10-30% para 8-15% ap&#243;s os progressos no tratamento de IAMCST agudo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> De acordo com estes dados, descobrimos que a incid&#234;ncia de AVE ap&#243;s IAMCST foi de 10,3%. Embora existam algumas quest&#245;es controversas, estudos pr&#233;vios determinaram que doen&#231;a uniarterial, oclus&#227;o total da ADA, colaterais insuficientes para a art&#233;ria relacionada ao infarto, hipertens&#227;o e sexo feminino foram os principais determinantes para o desenvolvimento de AVE ap&#243;s IAM.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> Entretanto, a maioria desses dados foi relatada antes da era do tratamento moderno. Em nosso estudo, determinamos que os pacientes que receberam terapia fibrinol&#237;tica ou nenhuma terapia de reperfus&#227;o desenvolveram o AVE com mais frequ&#234;ncia do que os pacientes que receberam a ICPP. O tipo de agente fibrinol&#237;tico utilizado n&#227;o teve efeito na forma&#231;&#227;o do AVE. Os pacientes que receberam terapia de reperfus&#227;o mais cedo tiveram forma&#231;&#227;o de AVE menos frequentemente. Esses dados mostraram que a reperfus&#227;o precoce previne o desenvolvimento de AVE. Al&#233;m disso, em nosso estudo, os inibidores P2Y12 mostraram ser um determinante da forma&#231;&#227;o de AVE. Hirai et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> mostraram que uma boa circula&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria colateral tem um efeito ben&#233;fico na preven&#231;&#227;o da forma&#231;&#227;o do AVE.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Da mesma forma, descobrimos que o escore de Rentrop foi significativamente maior em pacientes sem AVE. Tamb&#233;m determinamos que a gravidade da doen&#231;a coronariana n&#227;o teve efeito sobre o desenvolvimento do AVE. Al&#233;m disso, o g&#234;nero e fatores de risco, como diabetes ou hipertens&#227;o, n&#227;o tiveram efeito sobre o desenvolvimento do AVE.</p>
        <p>Os biomarcadores da fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca podem fornecer informa&#231;&#245;es &#250;teis na avalia&#231;&#227;o dos desfechos card&#237;acos ap&#243;s o IAMCST agudo. Mayr et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> constataram que os n&#237;veis de NT-proBNP no 3&#186; dia ap&#243;s a hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o se correlacionaram com o tamanho do infarto agudo e cr&#244;nico e fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo ap&#243;s o IAM.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> Kleczy&#324;ski et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> mostraram que a avalia&#231;&#227;o do n&#237;vel de NT-proBNP 6 meses ap&#243;s o IAMCST &#233; um marcador &#250;til do tamanho do infarto e da fun&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo no seguimento em longo prazo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> Fazl&#305;nezhad et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> mostraram que o n&#237;vel de BNP &#233; um preditor de complica&#231;&#245;es agudas no infarto do mioc&#225;rdio, tais como o pseudoaneurisma do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> Demonstramos que a avalia&#231;&#227;o do n&#237;vel de NT-proBNP nas primeiras 12 horas de dor tor&#225;cica &#233; um bom indicador para predizer o AVE. Essa rela&#231;&#227;o pode estar associada &#224; remodela&#231;&#227;o isqu&#234;mica do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, o que desencadeia a secre&#231;&#227;o de NT-proBNP.</p>
        <p>A raz&#227;o pela qual observamos altos n&#237;veis de NT-proBNP antes do desenvolvimento de AVE pode estar associada &#224;s suas propriedades. O n&#237;vel de NT-proBNP pode refletir a gravidade do insulto isqu&#234;mico, mesmo quando a necrose mioc&#225;rdica n&#227;o ocorreu.</p>
        <p>Foi demonstrado que, no IAM experimental, a s&#237;ntese de NT-proBNP est&#225; aumentada n&#227;o apenas no tecido infartado, mas tamb&#233;m no tecido n&#227;o-infartado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> Al&#233;m disso, os n&#237;veis de NT-proBNP mostraram um aumento transit&#243;rio ap&#243;s a angioplastia coron&#225;ria transluminal percut&#226;nea n&#227;o-complicada, mesmo quando as press&#245;es de enchimento intracard&#237;aco permanecem inalteradas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Portanto, sugerimos que a isquemia transit&#243;ria aumenta o estresse da parede e induz a s&#237;ntese e a libera&#231;&#227;o de BNP na propor&#231;&#227;o do grau do insulto isqu&#234;mico. Subsequentemente, essa isquemia causa infarto e AVE. Assim, observamos altos n&#237;veis de NT-proBNP antes do desenvolvimento de AVE.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Neste estudo, descobrimos que nessa era atual do tratamento do IAMCST agudo, h&#225; novos fatores, como a terapia de reperfus&#227;o ou inibidores P2Y12, que afetam o desenvolvimento do AVE. Tamb&#233;m descobrimos que o valor do NT-proBNP &gt; 400 pg/dL medido durante as primeiras 12 horas de IAMCST agudo &#233; um bom preditor da forma&#231;&#227;o de AVE. Que seja de nosso conhecimento, nenhum estudo publicado anteriormente demonstrou a rela&#231;&#227;o entre os n&#237;veis de NT-proBNP na interna&#231;&#227;o e a forma&#231;&#227;o de AVE ap&#243;s IAM. Portanto, conclu&#237;mos que uma &#250;nica medida de NT-proBNP na interna&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com IAMCST agudo se mostra &#250;til para a estimativa do desenvolvimento de AVE.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es</title>
          <p>Primeiro, medimos os n&#237;veis de NT-proBNP apenas na interna&#231;&#227;o. Medidas em s&#233;rie podem fornecer mais informa&#231;&#245;es sobre o desenvolvimento de AVE. Em segundo lugar, determinamos a presen&#231;a do AVE apenas pelo ETT. Embora o ETT tenha sido realizado por dois ecocardiografistas cegados para os dados cl&#237;nicos dos pacientes, ainda assim h&#225; limita&#231;&#245;es na detec&#231;&#227;o dos aneurismas apicais.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Ankara Numune Training and Education Hospital sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 179. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
