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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">YSf5d7dh9B6cFWSwHJVVNjS</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019001100999</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190192</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Clinicoradiological Correlation</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Case 6/2019 - Total Atrioventricular Septal Defect, 12 Years After Operative Correction, No Residual Defects</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7773-4174</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Binotto</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Ang&#233;lica</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto</surname>
            <given-names>Alessandra Costa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
            <state>SP</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Edmar Atik,</bold> Private office. Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj.73, Bela Vista. Postal Code 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>02</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>113</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>999</fpage>
      <lpage>1001</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Heart defects, Congenital/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Postoperative evolution</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec>
      <title>Clinical Data</title>
      <p>A 14-year-old patient was asymptomatic in all routine postoperative evaluations and in full physical activity, compared to others. During this period, which began when the patient was 21 months old, due to the type A atrioventricular (AV) septal defect totally corrected, no cardiac murmur was heard, the cardiac area remained normal and did not require the use of specific medication. An Echocardiography showed no residual defects, normal heart cavities and no valve regurgitation. The defect was diagnosed from birth and follow-up before the surgery was marked by obvious signs of heart failure due to the volume overload imposed by valve insufficiency and intercavity communications.</p>
      <p><bold>Physical exam:</bold> good general conditions, eupneic, acyanotic, normal 4-limb pulses. Weight: 30 Kg, Height: 140 cm, BP: 105 x 60 mmHg, HR = 76 bpm, O<sub>2</sub> Sat = 95%.</p>
      <p><bold>Precordium:</bold><italic>non-palpated ictus</italic> cordis, without systolic impulses. Normophonetic heart sounds, with the second constant sound unfolding. No audible heart murmurs. Liver not palpated and lungs cleared.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Complementary tests</title>
        <p><bold>Electrocardiogram:</bold> Sinus rhythm with complete right bundle branch block associated with left anterior superior divisional block with enlarged QRS. Ventricular repolarization is normal. AP = +30<sup>o</sup>, AQRS = -70<sup>o</sup>, AT+ + 60<sup>o</sup>. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f1">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Chest radiography highlights the cardiac area and pulmonary vascular network within normal limits. The middle arch is retified, and the electrocardiogram shows signs of a slight final conduction disorder at the right branch.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-05-0999-90192-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p><bold>Chest radiography:</bold> Normal cardiac area (CTI = 0.44) and also normal pulmonary vascular network. The middle arch is rectified and the aortic knob slightly protruding (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
        <p><bold>Echocardiography</bold>: Normal AV connection with interatrial and interventricular septa closed by patches and AV valves do not present regurgitation. The right valve had a maximum residual gradient of 6 mmHg and a mean 2 mmHg residual gradient and the left valve was 11 and 2.5 mmHg, respectively. The right ventricular systolic pressure was 27 mmHg. The cardiac cavities had normal sizes and normal left ventricular function (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Echocardiogram shows a 4-chamber view of a subcostal section with normal-sized cardiac cavities, with closed defects and good atrioventricular valve coaptation, in A and B. RA: right atrium; LA: left atrium; RV: right ventricle; LV: left ventricle.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-05-0999-90192-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p><bold>Preoperative echocardiogram</bold><italic>:</italic> situs solitus levocardia. AV connection through single valve with borders inserted into the top of the ventricular septum (Rastelli type A) with mild bilateral insufficiency. <italic>Ostium primum</italic> atrial septal and interventricular input communication were 21 mm in length, causing a marked dilated heart, especially in the right cavities.</p>
        <p><bold>Preoperative cardiac catheterization</bold>: PVR = 1,9 UW, SVR = 12,3 UW, PVR/SVR = 0,15. Ventricular pressures were equalized as well as atrial pressures and pulse pressure was increased in the pulmonary artery tree.</p>
        <p><bold>Clinical diagnosis:</bold> Total defect of the AV septum with extensive intercavity, atrial and ventricular communications, corrected at 21 months of age, with good evolution until the patient was 14 years old, no symptoms and no residual defects, functionally compared with normal people with the same age.</p>
        <p><bold>Clinical reasoning:</bold> The absence of symptoms and normal cardiovascular semiology in patients with previously corrected cardiac structural defects highlights the absence of residual defects due to their adequate correction in all cases. Such condition is usual in acyanogenic congenital defects such as interatrial and interventricular communication and after the ductus arteriosus ligation. It is rarely shown in this way in operated valve stenosis or under percutaneous, pulmonary or aortic interventions, except when the residual gradient is less than 10 mmHg, and even after the correction of the coarctation of the aorta. This scenario rarely appears after the correction of the total AV septal defect, as demonstrated in the present case. Among the corrected cyanogenic defects, two stand out with these same evolutionary characteristics, especially correcting the transposition of great arteries with the Jatene technique and anomalous pulmonary vein drainage.</p>
        <p><bold>Conduct:</bold> Even with this favorable evolution without residual defects and hemodynamic repercussions, purists still insist on antibiotic prophylaxis in these cases, which is very questionable, however. Such an attitude should rather be followed in the corrected patients, where residual defects still remain. Routine clinical follow-up, even in favorable cases, should be followed into adulthood considering the care required by the specialty itself.</p>
        <p><bold>Comments:</bold> The postoperative evolution of the total AV septal defect is marked by the usual presence of residual defects, especially of the AV valves, with little repercussion over time generally.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> It is estimated that this is due to abnormalities of the single AV valve that usually presents dysplasias, hypoplasias or redundancies as well as variations in the subvalvular apparatus, tendinous cords and papillary muscles.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Another causal aspect of the valve problem is the change, at the time of surgical correction, of the valve elliptic morphology into a circular shape with the increased posterior circumference of the ring.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> The need for surgical re-intervention of the left AV valve is greater than the right valve, by approx. 5% and 3%, respectively.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> More discrete defects, which are common among operated patients, make it possible for them to have a healthy life generally. The evolutionary type described is rarely observed, with complete normalization of the anatomic-functional conditions.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
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          <article-title>Changes in left atrioventricular valve geometry after surgical repair of complete atrioventricular canal</article-title>
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        <mixed-citation>2 Tumanyan MR, Filaretova OV, Chechneva VV, Gulasaryan RS, Butrim IV, Bockeria LA. Repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect in infants with down syndrome: outcomes and long-term results. Pediatr Cardiol. 2015;36(1):71-5.</mixed-citation>
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          <article-title>Repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect in infants with down syndrome: outcomes and long-term results</article-title>
          <source>Pediatr Cardiol</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>36</volume>
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        <mixed-citation>3 Cui HJ, Zhuang J, Chen JM, Cen JZ, Xu G, Wen SS. Surgical treatment and early-mid follow-up results of complete atrioventricular septal]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2017; 55(12):933-7.</mixed-citation>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Correla&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nico-radiogr&#225;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Caso 6/2019 - Defeito Total do Septo Atrioventricular, 12 Anos ap&#243;s a Corre&#231;&#227;o Operat&#243;ria, sem Defeitos Residuais</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7773-4174</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Binotto</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Ang&#233;lica</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto</surname>
            <given-names>Alessandra Costa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Edmar Atik</bold>, Consult&#243;rio privado. Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj.73, Bela Vista. CEP 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nitas/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Defeitos do Septo Atrioventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Evolu&#231;&#227;o p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec>
        <title>Dados cl&#237;nicos</title>
        <p>Paciente com 14 anos de idade apresentou-se assintom&#225;tico em todas as avalia&#231;&#245;es p&#243;s-operat&#243;rias de rotina e em plena atividade f&#237;sica, compar&#225;vel aos demais. Neste per&#237;odo, desde 21 meses de idade, por ocasi&#227;o da corre&#231;&#227;o do defeito total do septo atrioventricular (AV) tipo A, n&#227;o foi auscultado qualquer sopro card&#237;aco, a &#225;rea card&#237;aca se manteve normal e sem uso de medica&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica. O ecocardiograma se mostrou sem defeitos residuais, com cavidades card&#237;acas normais e sem regurgita&#231;&#227;o valvar. O diagn&#243;stico do defeito foi estabelecido desde o nascimento e seu acompanhamento at&#233; a cirurgia foi marcado por sinais evidentes de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca decorrente de sobrecarga de volume imposta por insufici&#234;ncia valvar e pelas comunica&#231;&#245;es intercavit&#225;rias.</p>
        <p><bold>Exame f&#237;sico:</bold> bom estado geral, eupneico, acian&#243;tico, pulsos normais nos 4 membros. Peso: 30 Kg, Alt.: 140 cm, PA: 105 x 60 mmHg, FC: 76 bpm, Sat O<sub>2</sub> = 95%.</p>
        <p><bold>Prec&#243;rdio:</bold><italic>ictus cordis</italic> n&#227;o palpado, sem impuls&#245;es sist&#243;licas. Bulhas card&#237;acas normofon&#233;ticas, estando a segunda bulha desdobrada constante. Sem sopros card&#237;acos aud&#237;veis. F&#237;gado n&#227;o palpado e pulm&#245;es limpos.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Exames Complementares</title>
          <p><bold>Eletrocardiograma:</bold> Ritmo sinusal com bloqueio completo do ramo direito associado a bloqueio divisional anterossuperior esquerdo com QRS alargado. A repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular &#233; normal. AP = +30<sup>o</sup>, AQRS= -70<sup>o</sup>, AT+ + 60<sup>o</sup>. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f3">
              <label>Figura 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Radiografia de t&#243;rax salienta a &#225;rea card&#237;aca e trama vascular pulmonar dentro de limites normais. O arco m&#233;dio &#233; retificado e o eletrocardiograma com sinais de discreto dist&#250;rbio final de condu&#231;&#227;o pelo ramo direito.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-05-0999-90192-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p><bold>Radiografia de t&#243;rax:</bold> &#193;rea card&#237;aca normal (ICT= 0,44) e trama vascular pulmonar tamb&#233;m normal. O arco m&#233;dio &#233; retificado e o bot&#227;o a&#243;rtico pouco saliente (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
          <p><bold>Ecocardiograma</bold>: Conex&#227;o AV normal com septos interatrial e interventricular fechados por remendos e com valvas AVs sem regurgita&#231;&#227;o. A valva &#224; direita exibia gradiente residual m&#225;ximo de 6 mmHg e m&#233;dio de 2 mmHg e a valva &#224; esquerda de 11 e 2,5 mmHg, respectivamente. A press&#227;o sist&#243;lica do ventr&#237;culo direito era de 27 mmHg. As cavidades card&#237;acas se mostravam de tamanhos normais e com fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda normal (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f4">
              <label>Figura 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Ecocardiograma mostra em corte subcostal de 4 c&#226;maras as cavidades card&#237;acas de dimens&#245;es normais, os defeitos fechados, com boa coapta&#231;&#227;o valvar atrioventricular, em A e B. AD: &#225;trio direito; AE: &#225;trio esquerdo; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito; VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-05-0999-90192-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p><bold>Ecocardiograma pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio:</bold><italic>situs solitus</italic> em levocardia. Conex&#227;o AV atrav&#233;s da valva &#250;nica com bordas inseridas no topo do septo ventricular (tipo A de Rastelli) com insufici&#234;ncia discreta bilateral. A comunica&#231;&#227;o interatrial tipo <italic>ostium primum</italic> e a comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular de via de entrada somavam 21 mm de extens&#227;o, ocasionando dilata&#231;&#227;o acentuada do cora&#231;&#227;o, especialmente das cavidades direitas.</p>
          <p><bold>Cateterismo card&#237;aco pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio</bold>: RVP = 1,9 UW, RVS = 12,3 UW, RVP/RVS = 0,15. As press&#245;es ventriculares eram equalizadas assim como as atriais e a press&#227;o de pulso estava alargada na &#225;rvore arterial pulmonar.</p>
          <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico:</bold> Defeito total do septo AV com amplas comunica&#231;&#245;es intercavit&#225;rias, atrial e ventricular, corrigido com 21 meses de idade, com boa evolu&#231;&#227;o at&#233; 14 anos, sem sintomas e sem defeitos residuais, comparando-se funcionalmente com pessoas normais da mesma idade.</p>
          <p><bold>Racioc&#237;nio cl&#237;nico:</bold> A aus&#234;ncia de sintomas e com semiologia cardiovascular normal em pacientes com defeitos estruturais card&#237;acos corrigidos anteriormente salientam em todos a aus&#234;ncia de defeitos residuais, em decorr&#234;ncia de corre&#231;&#227;o adequada dos mesmos. Tal quadro se mostra habitual nos defeitos cong&#234;nitos acianog&#234;nicos tipo comunica&#231;&#227;o interatrial e interventricular e ap&#243;s ligadura do canal arterial. Raramente ele se mostra dessa maneira nas estenoses valvares operadas ou sob interven&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea, pulmonar ou a&#243;rtica, exceto quando o gradiente residual seja inferior a 10 mmHg, e ainda ap&#243;s a corre&#231;&#227;o da coarta&#231;&#227;o da aorta. Mais raramente ainda, esse panorama se mostra ap&#243;s a corre&#231;&#227;o do defeito total do septo AV, como no caso presente. Dentre os defeitos cianog&#234;nicos corrigidos, dois deles se salientam com essas mesmas caracter&#237;sticas evolutivas, com destaque para a corre&#231;&#227;o da transposi&#231;&#227;o das grandes art&#233;rias pela t&#233;cnica de Jatene e na drenagem an&#244;mala das veias pulmonares.</p>
          <p><bold>Conduta:</bold> Mesmo com essa evolu&#231;&#227;o favor&#225;vel sem defeitos residuais e sem qualquer repercuss&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica, os puristas ainda insistem na execu&#231;&#227;o da profilaxia antibi&#243;tica nesses casos, que muito, no entanto se questiona. Tal atitude deve sim ser seguida nos pacientes corrigidos, nos quais permane&#231;am ainda defeitos residuais. O acompanhamento cl&#237;nico rotineiro, mesmo nos casos favor&#225;veis, deve ser seguido at&#233; a idade adulta em face do cuidado que cerca a especialidade em si.</p>
          <p><bold>Coment&#225;rios:</bold> A evolu&#231;&#227;o p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria do defeito total do septo AV &#233; marcada pela presen&#231;a usual de defeitos residuais, principalmente das valvas AVs, sendo geralmente de pequena repercuss&#227;o ao longo do tempo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Estima-se que tal quadro decorra de anormalidades da valva AV &#250;nica que se mostra habitualmente com displasias, hipoplasias ou redund&#226;ncias assim como com altera&#231;&#245;es do aparelho subvalvar, cordas tend&#237;neas e m&#250;sculos papilares.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Outro aspecto causal do problema valvular &#233; a mudan&#231;a, por ocasi&#227;o da corre&#231;&#227;o operat&#243;ria, da morfologia el&#237;ptica valvar para a forma circular com aumento da circunfer&#234;ncia posterior do anel.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> A necessidade de reinterven&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica da valva AV &#224; esquerda &#233; maior que &#224; direita em valores aproximados de 5 e de 3%, respectivamente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Defeitos mais discretos, usuais na evolu&#231;&#227;o desses pacientes operados, permitem que em geral os mesmos possam ter uma vida saud&#225;vel. Mais raramente se observa o tipo evolutivo descrito, com inteira normaliza&#231;&#227;o do quadro an&#225;tomo-funcional.</p>
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