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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">KPHgDNSwhYypRy7cZM3pSRj</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019001100970</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2019005014104</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190147</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Prevalence of Masked and White-Coat Hypertension in Pre-Hypertensive and Stage 1 Hypertensive patients with the use of TeleMRPA</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1265-1930</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barroso</surname>
            <given-names>Weimar Kunz Sebba</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9983-4720</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Feitosa</surname>
            <given-names>Audes Di&#243;genes Magalh&#227;es</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Costa Duarte</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Miranda</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto Dischinger</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Brand&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;a Ara&#250;jo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vitorino</surname>
            <given-names>Priscila Valverde Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">7</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>L&#250;cio Paulo de Souza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">8</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Marco Mota</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">9</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Goi&#226;nia</city>
          <state>Goi&#225;s</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de, Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Goi&#226;nia</city>
          <state>Goi&#225;s</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Laborat&#243;rio de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Recife</city>
          <state>PE</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Laborat&#243;rio de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto de Cardiologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Laborat&#243;rio de Investiga&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nica</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Porto Alegre</city>
          <state>RS</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia - Laborat&#243;rio de Investiga&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nica (LIC), Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola Paulista de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo - Cardiogeriatria, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>6</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Rio de Janeiro</city>
          <state>RJ</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7">
        <label>7</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola de Ci&#234;ncias Sociais e da Sa&#250;de</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Goi&#226;nia</city>
          <state>GO</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola de Ci&#234;ncias Sociais e da Sa&#250;de - Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica de Goi&#225;s - Ci&#234;ncias Sociais, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8">
        <label>8</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Centro de Inform&#225;tica</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Recife</city>
          <state>PE</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Centro de Inform&#225;tica, Recife, PE - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9">
        <label>9</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Universit&#225;rio CESMAC</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Macei&#243;</city>
          <state>AL</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio CESMAC - Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Macei&#243;, AL - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso Souza,</bold> Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de - Avenida Universit&#225;ria Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas. Postal Code 74605-020, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brazil. E-mail: <email>sebbabarroso@gmail.com</email>, <email>wsebba@uol.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research and Acquisition of data: Souza WKSB, Feitosa ADM, Barbosa ECD; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Souza WKSB, Feitosa ADM, Barbosa ECD, Miranda RD, Brand&#227;o AA, Gomes MM; Statistical analysis:Vitorino PVO; Obtaining financing: Souza WKSB; Writing of the manuscript: Souza WKSB, Feitosa ADM, Barbosa ECD, Brand&#227;o AA; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Souza WKSB, Feitosa ADM, Barbosa ECD, Miranda RD, Brand&#227;o AA, Vitorino PVO, Gomes MM; Platform development and support (www.telemrpa.com): Ribeiro LPS.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>15</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>113</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>970</fpage>
      <lpage>975</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>The diagnosis of arterial hypertension based on measurements of blood pressure in the office has low accuracy.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To evaluate the prevalence of masked hypertension (MH) and white-coat hypertension through home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) in pre-hypertensive and stage 1 hypertensive patients.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Method:</title>
          <p>Retrospective study, of which sample consisted of individuals with BP &#8805; 120/80 mmHg and &lt; 160/100 mmHg at the medical office without the use of antihypertensive medication and who underwent exams on the HBPM platform by telemedicine (TeleMRPA) between May 2017 and September 2018. The four-day MRPA protocol was used, with 24 measurements, using automated, validated, calibrated equipment with a memory function.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>The sample consisted of 1,273 participants, of which 739 (58.1%) were women. The mean age was 52.4 &#177; 14.9 years, mean body mass index (BMI) 28.4 &#177; 5.1 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. The casual BP was higher than the HBPM in 7.6 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 5.2 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), both with statistical significance (p &lt; 0.001). There were 558 (43.8%) normotensive individuals; 291 (22.9%) with sustained hypertension; 145 (11.4%) with MH and 279 (21.9%) with white-coat hypertension (WCH), with a diagnostic error by casual BP in the total sample in 424 (33.3%) patients. In stage 1 hypertensive individuals, the prevalence of WCH was 48.9%; in prehypertensive patients, the prevalence of MH was 20.6%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>MH and WCH have a high prevalence rate in the adult population; however, in prehypertensive or stage 1 hypertensive patients, the prevalence is higher. Out-of-office BP measurements in these subgroups should be performed whenever possible to prevent misdiagnosis.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Hypertension/diagnosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Masked Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>White Coat Hypertensin</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension Self-Monitoring</kwd>
        <kwd>Telemedicine</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>The prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) in the Brazilian adult population is high and varies according to the studied population and the method of assessment (31% to 35.8%).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> For this reason, the accurate diagnosis of the several scenarios related to blood pressure (BP) behavior is crucial for adequate stratification of cardiovascular risk, as well as for the definition of the best treatment strategies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In this context, considerations should be given to the possibility of normotension, masked hypertension (MH), white-coat hypertension (WCH), and sustained AH.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> MH is defined by the presence of normal BP in the office but high measurements outside of it; the WCH is defined by high values of BP in the office and normal values in the home measurements. It is noteworthy that MH, WCH and AH are highly prevalent and are related to an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Therefore, they should be investigated and diagnosed, and for this purpose, it is essential to use methods capable of monitoring BP outside the doctor's office environment.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Ambulatory (ABPM) or home (HBPM) BP monitoring can be used for home BP measurement, with the latter offering the possibility of providing the necessary information for the appropriate diagnosis with greater comfort and better cost-benefit ratio.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Also, in relation to HBPM, the inclusion of the habitual BP measurements into the patient&#8217;s routine has shown an increase in compliance with drug treatment. This benefit seems to be even greater when using telemedicine platforms.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
			</p>
      <p>An adequate identification of MH and WCH is so important that the main guidelines of AH recommend the use of ABPM or HBPM in the diagnostic investigation whenever possible, emphasizing their use at the initial BP alterations.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The present study is the first national study to evaluate the prevalence of MH and white coat hypertension through the HBPM in prehypertensive and stage 1 hypertensive patients.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Method</title>
      <p>This study was submitted and approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s under CAEE number 99691018.7.0000.5078.</p>
      <p>This is a retrospective study that evaluated the data of all patients who underwent exams on the TeleMRPA platform (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.telemrpa.com">www.telemrpa.com</ext-link>) from May 2017 to September 2018. Of the total, those who underwent the examination for diagnostic purposes and were not using antihypertensive drugs were selected.</p>
      <p>Inclusion criteria were age older than 18 years; individuals assessed on the TeleMRPA platform, without the use of antihypertensive drugs and who had, by the casual measure (mean of two measurements) performed at the clinic on the first day of the protocol, SBP and DBP that met the criteria for the diagnosis of prehypertension (PH) - SBP &#8805; 120 mmHg and/or DBP &#8805; 80 mmHg and SBP &lt; 140 mmHg and DBP &lt; 90 mmHg; or stage 1 AH - SBP &#8805; 140 mmHg and/or DBP &#8805; 90 mmHg and SBP &lt; 160 mmHg and DBP &lt; 100 mmHg, according to the Brazilian Guideline of Arterial Hypertension (DBHA, <italic>Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</italic>).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The TeleMRPA platform was developed as a telemedicine monitoring tool, with characteristics that allow the analysis and filtering of the database according to the scientific questions to be investigated. There was a concern to develop and improve the mathematical algorithm aiming to allow the high quality of the analyzable data, either for the interpretation of the exam or for the development of research projects. In this context, the database protects the identification data of the patient and clinics or health units. Prior to the inclusion of data into the platform, the co-investigators were trained regarding the scientific evidence and methodology of the HBPM, as well as for the use of Omron automatic devices for BP measurements.</p>
      <p>The protocol used to obtain home measurements follows the recommendation of the Brazilian guidelines for HBPM,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> which advises two measures to be carried out on the first day at the office or clinic (these measures are not used for the analysis of the mean home measurements) and six measurements a day on four consecutive days (three in the morning and three in the evening), with a total of 24 measures to calculate the mean. This mean value is considered normal when lower than 135/85 mmHg (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
			</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>HBPM protocols according to the Brazilian guidelines for HBPM (&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;: blood pressure measurement).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
					</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">1<sup>st</sup> day Medical office/clinic</th>
              <th align="center">HBPM</th>
              <th align="center">2<sup>nd</sup> day Home</th>
              <th align="center">3<sup>rd</sup> day Home</th>
              <th align="center">4<sup>th</sup> day Home</th>
              <th align="center">5<sup>th</sup> day Home</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="6"><bold>Any time</bold><break/>&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;<break/>&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid"><bold>Morning</bold><break/>Before breakfast</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3"><bold>Night</bold><break/>Before dinner or 2 hours later</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>
              <italic>HBPM: home blood pressure monitoring.</italic>
            </p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>It is recommended, on the first day, when the patient receives the device at the health unit, that the patient be taught the correct handling of the BP measuring device, as well as the technique for adequate and reliable measurement. This recommendation follows the DBHA guidelines.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Subsequently, the patient (or caregiver/companion) is instructed to measure the BP twice a day, following the abovementioned protocol.</p>
      <p>Patient data, as well as BP values, were included into the TeleMRPA platform and analyzed for the following variables:</p>
      <p>Socio-demographic data: gender, age, sample distribution and BP behavior by geographic regions;</p>
      <p>Anthropometric data: BMI using the Quetelet formula (BMI = weight in kg/height in meters<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>).</p>
      <p>Blood pressure: mean BP at the clinic (first day), mean of home BP measures (second to fifth days) and mean BP in morning and evening, mean pulse pressure and BP variability.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Database and statistical analysis</title>
        <p>The database was created using the Excel&#174; (Microsoft) software with data imported from the TeleMRPA platform; the numerical codes were typed by three researchers with subsequent cross-checking to identify and correct typing errors.</p>
        <p>Continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviation and categorical variables as absolute and relative frequencies. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the distribution of the continuous variables. The paired <italic>t</italic>-test was used to compare BP measurements between the casual measurements and HBPM. To compare the frequencies of masked AH between stage 1 and stage 2 prehypertensive patients, the chi-square test was used, which was also used to compare the diagnoses of prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension between the casual BP measure and the HBPM. The significance level was set at p &lt; 0.05. The Stata&#174; software, version 14.0 was used for the analysis.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>The initial sample consisted of 4,350 individuals who underwent HBPM from May 2017 to September 2018 in nine Brazilian states. Of these, 1,273 participants with a clinical diagnosis of prehypertension or stage 1 AH and without use of medications (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>) were selected, of which 853 (67.0%) were from the Northeast region, 43 (3.4%) from the North region, 10 (0.8%) from the Midwest region, 307 (24.1%) from the Southeast region and 60 (4.7%) from the South region. Mean age was 52.4 &#177; 14.9 years and the mean BMI was 28.4 &#177; 5.1 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. As for gender, 739 (58.1%) were women.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Flowchart for the selection of individuals for the analysis. PH: pre-hypertension, AH: arterial hypertension.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-05-0970-90147-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>The mean values of casual BP were 133.2 &#177; 11 mmHg and 84.1 &#177; 8 mmHg, and for HBPM, the mean values were 125.5 &#177; 11.7 mmHg and 78.9 &#177; 8 mmHg for SBP and DBP, respectively. The mean number of valid measures was 22.96.</p>
      <p>When comparing the means of the casual BP with the HBPM, higher values were found for casual BP in 7.6 mmHg for SBP and 5.2 mmHg for DBP, both with statistical significance (p &lt; 0.001) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Comparison of systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements between casual methods and the home blood pressure measurement, n = 1273. Paired t-test *(p &lt; 0.001). SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HBPM: home blood pressure monitoring.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-05-0970-90147-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Considering the casual BP measurement, 703 (55.2%) participants were classified as prehypertensive and 570 (44.8%) as stage 1 hypertensive. When we considered the measures of the HBPM for the diagnosis, in the total sample, 558 (43.8%) were normotensive; 291 (22.9%) had sustained hypertension; 145 (11.4%) had MH; and 279 (21.9%) had WCH; that is, in this population, 33.3% of the diagnoses by casual measurement were wrong.</p>
      <p>When analyzing only the prehypertensive group, there were 145 individuals (20.6%) who actually had masked hypertension, and if we separate those individuals with SBP &#8805; 130 mmHg and &lt; 140 mmHg, and/or DBP &#8805; 85 mmHg and &lt; 90 mmHg (n = 364), the prevalence of MH increases to 27.8% (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Comparison of the prevalence of masked hypertension in pre-hypertensive patients with different blood pressure levels</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Blood pressure behavior</th>
              <th align="center">120 &#8805; SBP &lt; 130 and 80 &#8805; DBP &lt; 85 mmHg (casual measurement) n(%)</th>
              <th align="center">130 &#8805; SBP &lt; 140 e 85 &#8805; DBP &lt; 90 mmHg (casual measurement) n(%)</th>
              <th align="center">p-value</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Normotension True hypertension</td>
              <td align="center">295 (87.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">263 (72.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Masked Hypertension</td>
              <td align="center">44 (13.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">101 (27.8%)</td>
              <td align="center"><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref> &lt; 0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total</td>
              <td align="center">339 (48.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">364 (51.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>
              <italic>Chi-square. SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure.</italic>
            </p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>In the stage 1 hypertensive group, 279 individuals (48.9%) with WCH were identified (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f3">
          <label>Figure 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Participants classified as prehypertensive and stage-1 hypertensive patients considering the casual measurement and reclassified according to the HBPM, n = 1,273.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-05-0970-90147-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>The present study confirmed that the BP measurements obtained through HBPM is very useful in the diagnosis of AH phenotypes and allowed the reclassification of 33.3% of the assessed individuals, thus adding important information to the approach and follow-up of these individuals. We emphasize the significant number of individuals included in the study, from nine states of the five Brazilian geographic regions.</p>
      <p>AH is a highly prevalent disease in the adult population; in a worldwide survey of 1,128,635 individuals, the prevalence was 34.9%, most of them with stage 1 hypertension. It is also known that the prevalence of PH is at the same level, reinforcing the need for a correct diagnosis, so that the most appropriate conduct can be implemented.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> It is also well established that BP monitoring methods outside the office, when compared to the casual measure, have a higher diagnostic accuracy and show a better prediction of cardiovascular risk.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In the studied sample, when we compared the means of casual BP with HBPM, we found significantly lower means in HBPM, with statistically significant differences (p &lt; 0.001) for both SBP and DBP.</p>
      <p>Based on this scientific evidence, to avoid diagnostic error, the most recent AH guidelines have strongly recommended the use of ABPM or HBPM for diagnostic evaluation, especially in individuals with initial BP alterations.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>When only those individuals with diagnostic criteria for PH or stage 1 AH were assessed, in which the chance of casual measures that induce misdiagnosis is higher, we found a prevalence of true normotension and hypertension of only 66.7%, that is, in 33,3% of the cases, the diagnosis would have been wrong, if we considered only the casual measure. These data coincide with other publications that found similar error rates.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The risk of WCH in stage 1 hypertensive patients is even more important, or MH in prehypertensive patients because, contrary to what was believed, both WCH and MH are associated with higher cardiovascular mortality and, in the specific case of MH, this mortality is even higher than that of patients with sustained hypertension.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> It is worth mentioning that this prevalence is high in adults, but it is also significant in adolescents.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In the sample of the present study, among the prehypertensive patients (n = 703), we found a prevalence of MH of 20.6%; this value is even higher when we analyze the highest BP strata in this group. In PH patients with SBP &#8805;130 mmHg and/or DBP &#8805; 85 mmHg, this prevalence is 27.8%, significantly higher (p &lt; 0.001) than PH patients with BP levels lower than 130/85 mmHg. Our findings are in agreement with the trend seen at the last guidelines and statements,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> which dedicate special attention to prehypertensive individuals, since some of these individuals will show a significant increase in cardiovascular outcomes. It is also justifiable recommending the American and European guidelines regarding the performance of ABPM or HBPM whenever possible when casual BP is &#8805; 130/85 mmHg.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Finally, when we evaluated the individuals diagnosed as stage 1 hypertension (n = 570), we found a prevalence of WCH of 48.9%, which could result in misdiagnosis and use of inadequate therapeutic strategies in almost half of these individuals.</p>
      <p>Most of this sample consisted of individuals from the Northeast region of the country (67.7%); this may be considered a limitation; however, as the analysis refers to AH phenotypes, it seems to us that the geographic region distribution would have little or no effect on the results.</p>
      <p>The Telemedicine MRPA (TeleMRPA) platform is an extremely useful, low-cost, easy-to-perform and wide-ranging modality, allowing a systematic evaluation of home-based BP measures, in accordance with the DBHA recommendations. In addition to the individual evaluation in clinical practice, the accumulation of information on this platform represents an important database for analyses on the diagnosis and treatment of AH in several regions of Brazil, both in public and private institutions.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>The casual BP measurement is a method used for AH screening, but it is necessary to take into account that home measurements are more accurate for the diagnosis.</p>
      <p>We found high prevalence rates of MH and white-coat hypertension in individuals diagnosed with prehypertension or stage-1 hypertension.</p>
      <p>The TeleMRPA platform allowed the reclassification of 33.3% of the assessed individuals.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>National Co-Investigators</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Adriana C. Oliveira (Cl&#237;nica Vitt&#225;, Goi&#226;nia), Adriana Serpa (Cl&#237;nica SAVE, Recife), Andresson W. Andrade (Icordis, Caruaru), Ana C. Arantes (Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia), Annelise M. G. Paiva (Centro Universit&#225;rio CESMAC, Alagoas), Ant&#244;nio A. M. A. Braga (Cl&#237;nica Ant&#244;nio Almeida, Recife), Carlos A. Machado (N&#250;cleo de Apoio &#224; Estrat&#233;gia Sa&#250;de da Fam&#237;lia. Secretaria Municipal de Sa&#250;de de Campos do Jord&#227;o), Cl&#225;udia F. Gon&#231;alves (Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia), Cleuriberto V. Pereira (Cardiocity, Guarulhos), Danielle B. L. Melo (Cardiologia IMIP, Recife), Ederaldo B. Leite (C&#225;rddio - Hospital Anchieta, Taguatinga), Elder G. A. Cruz (Cl&#237;nica Santa Louise, Salgueiro), F&#225;bio Argenta (Cl&#237;nica Mediodonto, Lucas do Rio Verde), F&#225;bio S. Silveira (Clinica do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Sergipe), Fernando M. F. Fran&#231;a (Cl&#237;nica Cardiovasf, Petrolina), Gustavo A. C. S. Barros (MCor, Recife), Jadil F. F. J&#250;nior (Cl&#237;nica CardioService, Porto Velho), Jo&#227;o A. C. Berig&#243; (Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia), Josaf&#225; O. Costa (Cl&#237;nica Vitta, Igarassu), Luiz H. Thompson (Prev-Sa&#250;de, Recife), Luiz Kencis Jr (Centro de Medicina Avan&#231;ada Dr Luiz Kencis, S&#227;o Paulo), Marcelo De&#8217; Carli (Cl&#237;nica Ipado, Petrolina), Marcelo J. Oliveira (Cardiogr&#225;ficos - Diagn&#243;stico em Cardiologia, Ribeir&#227;o Preto), Marco A. M. Alves (Escada Clinical Center, Escada), Marcos A. P.Meira Junior (Clincar, Jo&#227;o Pessoa), Mariana B. C. Sepulvida (Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo), Nelson Dinamarco (Laborat&#243;rio de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial-UESC, Salvador), Renn&#233; G. Busnello (Clinicordis - Diagn&#243;stico em Cardiologia, Porto Alegre), Stephan Barisic Junior (Cl&#237;nica do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Mossor&#243;), Valdir L. Schwerz (Cl&#237;nica Fares, S&#227;o Paulo).</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was funded by Ind&#250;stria Farmac&#234;utica E.M.S.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s under the protocol number CAEE 99691018.7.0000.5078. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
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      <title-group>
        <article-title>Preval&#234;ncia de Hipertens&#227;o Mascarada e do Avental Branco em Pr&#233;-Hipertensos e Hipertensos Est&#225;gio 1 com o uso da TeleMRPA</article-title>
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        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9983-4720</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Feitosa</surname>
            <given-names>Audes Di&#243;genes Magalh&#227;es</given-names>
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        <contrib contrib-type="author">
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        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff10">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de, Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff11">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff12">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Laborat&#243;rio de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff13">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia - Laborat&#243;rio de Investiga&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nica (LIC), Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff14">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo - Cardiogeriatria, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff15">
        <label>6</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff16">
        <label>7</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola de Ci&#234;ncias Sociais e da Sa&#250;de - Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica de Goi&#225;s - Ci&#234;ncias Sociais, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff17">
        <label>8</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Centro de Inform&#225;tica, Recife, PE - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff18">
        <label>9</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio CESMAC - Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Macei&#243;, AL - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso Souza,</bold> Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de - Avenida Universit&#225;ria Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas. CEP 74605-020, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brasil. E-mail: <email>sebbabarroso@gmail.com</email>, <email>wsebba@uol.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Souza WKSB, Feitosa ADM, Barbosa ECD; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Souza WKSB, Feitosa ADM, Barbosa ECD, Miranda RD, Brand&#227;o AA, Gomes MM; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Vitorino PVO; Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Souza WKSB; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Souza WKSB, Feitosa ADM, Barbosa ECD, Brand&#227;o AA; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Souza WKSB, Feitosa ADM, Barbosa ECD, Miranda RD, Brand&#227;o AA, Vitorino PVO, Gomes MM; Desenvolvimento e suporte da plataforma (www.telemrpa.com): Ribeiro LPS.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>O diagn&#243;stico de hipertens&#227;o arterial baseado nas medidas do consult&#243;rio tem baixa acur&#225;cia.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Avaliar a preval&#234;ncia de hipertens&#227;o mascarada (HM) e do avental branco pela monitoriza&#231;&#227;o residencial da press&#227;o arterial (MRPA) em pacientes pr&#233;-hipertensos e hipertensos est&#225;gio.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todo:</title>
          <p>Estudo retrospectivo com amostra constitu&#237;da de indiv&#237;duos com press&#227;o arterial (PA) na cl&#237;nica &#8805; 120/80 mmHg e &lt; 160/100 mmHg sem uso de medica&#231;&#227;o anti-hipertensiva e que realizaram exames na plataforma de MRPA por telemedicina (TeleMRPA) entre maio de 2017 e setembro de 2018. Foi utilizado o protocolo MRPA de quatro dias, com 24 medidas, com equipamentos autom&#225;ticos, validados, calibrados e com mem&#243;ria.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>A amostra foi constitu&#237;da de 1.273 participantes, sendo 739 (58,1%) mulheres. A idade m&#233;dia foi 52,4 &#177; 14,9 anos, &#237;ndice de massa corporal (IMC) m&#233;dio 28,4 &#177; 5,1 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. A PA casual foi maior que a MRPA em 7,6 mmHg para press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica (PAS) e 5,2 mmHg para a press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica (PAD), ambas com signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica (p &lt; 0,001). Foram diagnosticados 558 (43,8%) normotensos; 291 (22,9%) hipertensos sustentados; 145 (11,4%) com HM e 279 (21,9%) com hipertens&#227;o do avental branco (HAB), com erro diagn&#243;stico pela PA casual na amostra total em 424 (33,3%) pacientes. Em hipertensos est&#225;gio 1, a preval&#234;ncia de HAB foi de 48,9%; nos pr&#233;-hipertensos a preval&#234;ncia de HM foi de 20,6%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>HM e HAB t&#234;m elevada preval&#234;ncia na popula&#231;&#227;o adulta; entretanto, na popula&#231;&#227;o de pr&#233;-hipertensos ou hipertensos est&#225;gio 1 a preval&#234;ncia &#233; maior. Medidas da PA fora do consult&#243;rio, nestes subgrupos, devem ser realizadas sempre que poss&#237;vel para evitar erro diagn&#243;stico.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o/diagn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o Mascarada</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o do Avental Branco</kwd>
        <kwd>Monitora&#231;&#227;o Domiciliar de Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Telemedicina</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A preval&#234;ncia de hipertens&#227;o arterial (HA) na popula&#231;&#227;o adulta brasileira &#233; alta e varia de acordo com a popula&#231;&#227;o estudada e o m&#233;todo de avalia&#231;&#227;o (31% a 35,8%).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Por esta raz&#227;o, o diagn&#243;stico preciso dos diversos cen&#225;rios relacionados ao comportamento da PA &#233; fundamental para a estratifica&#231;&#227;o adequada do risco cardiovascular, assim como para a defini&#231;&#227;o das melhores estrat&#233;gias de tratamento.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Nesse contexto, deve-se considerar a possibilidade da normotens&#227;o, da hipertens&#227;o mascarada (HM), da hipertens&#227;o do avental branco (HAB) e da HA sustentada.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Define-se a HM pela presen&#231;a de PA normal no consult&#243;rio mas elevada fora dele; j&#225; a HAB &#233; definida pelo encontro de valores elevados no consult&#243;rio e normais nas medidas domiciliares. Vale ressaltar que HM, HAB e HA s&#227;o altamente prevalentes e se relacionam com aumento de morbidade e mortalidade cardiovasculares.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Devem, portanto, ser investigadas e diagnosticadas e, para isso, &#233; fundamental a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de m&#233;todos capazes de monitorizar a PA fora do ambiente do consult&#243;rio m&#233;dico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Para as medidas domiciliares da PA podemos utilizar a monitoriza&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial (MAPA) ou residencial (MRPA), esta &#250;ltima com a possibilidade de oferecer as informa&#231;&#245;es necess&#225;rias para o diagn&#243;stico adequado com maior comodidade e melhor rela&#231;&#227;o custo-benef&#237;cio.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Ainda, em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; MRPA, a inser&#231;&#227;o na rotina do paciente da medida habitual de sua press&#227;o arterial (PA) tem demonstrado aumento na ades&#227;o ao tratamento medicamentoso. Esse benef&#237;cio parece ser ainda maior quando se utilizam plataformas de telemedicina.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A identifica&#231;&#227;o adequada da HM e da HAB &#233; t&#227;o importante que as principais diretrizes de HA recomendam a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de MAPA ou MRPA na investiga&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica sempre que poss&#237;vel, com &#234;nfase ao seu emprego nas altera&#231;&#245;es iniciais da PA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O presente trabalho &#233; o primeiro estudo nacional que teve como objetivo avaliar a preval&#234;ncia de HM e do avental branco pela MRPA em pacientes pr&#233;-hipertensos e hipertensos est&#225;gio 1.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todo</title>
        <p>Esse estudo foi submetido e aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa Humana do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s com o n&#250;mero CAEE 99691018.7.0000.5078.</p>
        <p>Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo em que foram avaliados os dados de todos pacientes que realizaram exames na plataforma TeleMRPA (www.telemrpa.com) de maio de 2017 a setembro de 2018. Do total, foram selecionados aqueles que realizaram o exame para fins de diagn&#243;stico e n&#227;o estavam em uso de f&#225;rmacos anti-hipertensivos.</p>
        <p>Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o foram idade maior que 18 anos; avaliados na plataforma TeleMRPA, sem uso de f&#225;rmacos anti-hipertensivos e que apresentassem, pela medida casual (m&#233;dia de duas medidas) realizada na cl&#237;nica no primeiro dia do protocolo, as PAS e PAD com crit&#233;rios para o diagn&#243;stico de pr&#233;-hipertens&#227;o (PH) - PAS &#8805; 120 mmHg e/ou PAD &#8805; 80 mmHg e PAS &lt; 140 mmHg e PAD &lt; 90 mmHg; ou HA est&#225;gio 1 - PAS &#8805; 140 mmHg e/ou PAD &#8805; 90 mmHg e PAS &lt; 160 mmHg e PAD &lt; 100 mmHg, de acordo com a Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial (DBHA).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A plataforma TeleMRPA foi desenvolvida como ferramenta de laudo a dist&#226;ncia por telemedicina, com caracter&#237;sticas que permitem a an&#225;lise e o filtro do banco de dados de acordo com as perguntas cient&#237;ficas que se pretende investigar. Houve uma preocupa&#231;&#227;o em desenvolver e aprimorar o algoritmo matem&#225;tico com vistas a possibilitar uma grande qualidade nos dados analis&#225;veis, seja para a interpreta&#231;&#227;o do exame, seja para a constru&#231;&#227;o de projetos de pesquisa. Nesse contexto, o banco de dados protege os dados de identifica&#231;&#227;o do paciente e das cl&#237;nicas ou unidades de sa&#250;de. Os coinvestigadores receberam, antes do in&#237;cio da inclus&#227;o de dados na plataforma, treinamento sobre as evid&#234;ncias cient&#237;ficas e metodologia da MRPA, assim como aparelhos autom&#225;ticos da marca Omron para as medidas da PA.</p>
        <p>O protocolo utilizado para a obten&#231;&#227;o das medidas residenciais segue a recomenda&#231;&#227;o da diretriz brasileira de MRPA,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> que orienta realizar duas medidas no primeiro dia no consult&#243;rio ou na cl&#237;nica (essas medidas n&#227;o s&#227;o utilizadas para an&#225;lise da m&#233;dia residencial) e seis medidas ao dia em quatro dias consecutivos (tr&#234;s pela manh&#227; e tr&#234;s &#224; noite), em um total de 24 medidas para o c&#225;lculo da m&#233;dia. Esta &#233; considerada normal quando menor que 135/85 mmHg (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 1</xref>).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
				</p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Protocolos de MRPA de acordo com a diretriz brasileira de MRPA (&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;: medi&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
						</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">1&#176; dia Cl&#237;nica</th>
                <th align="center">MRPA</th>
                <th align="center">2&#186; dia Casa</th>
                <th align="center">3&#186; dia Casa</th>
                <th align="center">4&#186; dia Casa</th>
                <th align="center">5&#186; dia Casa</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="6"><bold>Qualquer hor&#225;rio</bold><break/>&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;<break/>&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3"><bold>Manh&#227;</bold><break/>Antes do caf&#233; da manh&#227;</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3"><bold>Noite</bold><break/>Antes do jantar ou 2 horas ap&#243;s</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
                <td align="center">&#9633;&#9633;&#9633;/&#9633;&#9633;</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <p>
                <italic>MRPA: monitoriza&#231;&#227;o residencial da press&#227;o arterial.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Recomenda-se, no primeiro dia, no momento da retirada do aparelho na unidade de sa&#250;de, que o paciente seja orientado sobre o manuseio correto do aparelho de medida da PA, assim como a t&#233;cnica para a medida adequada e confi&#225;vel. Essa orienta&#231;&#227;o segue a normativa da DBHA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Posteriormente, o pr&#243;prio paciente (ou cuidador/acompanhante) &#233; orientado a medir por duas vezes ao dia a sua PA, seguindo o protocolo de medidas descrito anteriormente.</p>
        <p>Os dados dos pacientes, assim como os valores da PA, foram inseridos na plataforma TeleMRPA e analisados para as seguintes vari&#225;veis:</p>
        <p>Dados sociodemogr&#225;ficos: sexo, idade, distribui&#231;&#227;o da amostra e comportamento da PA por regi&#245;es geogr&#225;ficas.</p>
        <p>Dados antropom&#233;tricos: IMC com a f&#243;rmula de Quetelet (IMC = peso em kg/altura em metros<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>).</p>
        <p>Press&#227;o arterial: m&#233;dia da PA na cl&#237;nica (primeiro dia), m&#233;dia da PA residencial (segundo a quinto dias) e m&#233;dias da PA no per&#237;odo da manh&#227; e da noite, m&#233;dia da press&#227;o de pulso e variabilidade da PA.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Banco de dados e an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>O banco de dados foi estruturado em Excel<sup>&#174;</sup> (Microsoft) com os dados importados da plataforma TeleMRPA; os c&#243;digos num&#233;ricos foram digitados por tr&#234;s investigadores com posterior cruzamento de dados para identificar e corrigir eventuais erros de digita&#231;&#227;o.</p>
          <p>As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram apresentadas com m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o e as categ&#243;ricas com frequ&#234;ncias absoluta e relativa. Para verificar a distribui&#231;&#227;o dos dados das vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foi utilizado o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Para comparar as medidas de PA entre as medidas casual e MRPA foi utilizado o teste t pareado. Para comparar as frequ&#234;ncias de HA mascarada entre pr&#233;-hipertensos est&#225;gio 1 e est&#225;gio 2 foi empregado o qui quadrado, que tamb&#233;m foi utilizado para comparar os diagn&#243;sticos de pr&#233;-hipertens&#227;o e hipertens&#227;o est&#225;gio 1 entre a medida casual e a MRPA. Foi adotado n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de p &lt; 0,05. Para a an&#225;lise foi utilizado o <italic>software</italic> Stata<sup>&#174;</sup>, vers&#227;o 14.0.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>A amostra inicial foi constitu&#237;da por 4.350 indiv&#237;duos que realizaram a MRPA no per&#237;odo de maio de 2017 at&#233; setembro de 2018 em nove estados brasileiros. Desses foram selecionados 1.273 participantes com diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico de pr&#233;-hipertens&#227;o ou HA est&#225;gio 1 e sem uso de medicamentos (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 1</xref>), sendo 853 (67,0%) da regi&#227;o Nordeste, 43 (3,4%) da regi&#227;o Norte, 10 (0,8%) da regi&#227;o Centro-Oeste, 307 (24,1%) da regi&#227;o Sudeste e 60 (4,7%) da regi&#227;o Sul. A idade m&#233;dia foi de 52,4 &#177; 14,9 anos e o IMC m&#233;dio de 28,4 &#177; 5,1 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Quanto ao sexo, 739 (58,1%) eram mulheres.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f4">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Fluxograma de sele&#231;&#227;o dos indiv&#237;duos para an&#225;lise. PH: pr&#233;-hipertens&#227;o; HA: hipertens&#227;o arterial.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-05-0970-90147-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Os valores m&#233;dios da PA casual foram de 133,2 &#177; 11 mmHg e 84,1 &#177; 8 mmHg, e pela MRPA as m&#233;dias foram de 125,5 &#177; 11,7 mmHg e 78,9 &#177; 8 mmHg para PAS e PAD, respectivamente. O n&#250;mero m&#233;dio de medidas v&#225;lidas foi de 22,96.</p>
        <p>Ao compararmos as m&#233;dias da PA casual com a MRPA foram encontrados valores maiores para a PA casual em 7,6 mmHg para a PAS e 5,2 mmHg para a PAD, ambos com signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica (p &lt; 0,001) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f5">
            <label>Figura 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Compara&#231;&#227;o das medidas de press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica e diast&#243;lica entre os m&#233;todos casual e a medida residencial da press&#227;o arterial, n = 1273. Teste t pareado *(p &lt; 0,001). PAS: press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica; PAD: press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica; MRPA: monitoriza&#231;&#227;o residencial da press&#227;o arterial.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-05-0970-90147-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Considerando a medida casual da PA, 703 (55,2%) participantes foram classificados como pr&#233;-hipertensos e 570 (44,8%) como hipertensos est&#225;gio 1. Quando consideramos as medidas da MRPA para o diagn&#243;stico, na amostra total, 558 (43,8%) eram normotensos; 291 (22,9%) hipertensos sustentados; 145 (11,4%) com HM; e 279 (21,9%) com HAB; ou seja, nessa popula&#231;&#227;o, 33,3% dos diagn&#243;sticos pela medida casual se apresentaram equivocados.</p>
        <p>Ao se analisar apenas o grupo de pr&#233;-hipertensos, havia 145 indiv&#237;duos (20,6%) que, na verdade, eram hipertensos mascarados e, se separarmos nesse grupo aqueles indiv&#237;duos com PAS &#8805; 130 mmHg e &lt; 140 mmHg, e/ou PAD &#8805; 85 mmHg e &lt; 90 mmHg (n = 364), a preval&#234;ncia de HM salta para 27,8% (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Compara&#231;&#227;o da preval&#234;ncia de hipertens&#227;o mascarada em pr&#233;-hipertensos com diferentes n&#237;veis press&#243;ricos</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="35%"/>
              <col width="35%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Comportamento da press&#227;o arterial</th>
                <th align="center">120 &#8805; PAS &lt; 130 e 80 &#8805; PAD &lt; 85 mmHg (medida casual) n (%)</th>
                <th align="center">130 &#8805; PAS &lt; 140 e 85 &#8805; PAD &lt; 90 mmHg (medida casual) n (%)</th>
                <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Normotens&#227;o Verdadeira</td>
                <td align="center">295 (87,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">263 (72,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o Mascarada</td>
                <td align="center">44 (13,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">101 (27,8%)</td>
                <td align="center"><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">*</xref> &lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Total</td>
                <td align="center">339 (48,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">364 (51,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>
                <italic>qui quadrado. PAS: press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica; PAD: press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>No grupo de hipertensos est&#225;gio 1, foram identificados 279 indiv&#237;duos (48,9%) com HAB (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura 3</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f6">
            <label>Figura 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Participantes classificados como pr&#233;-hipertensos e hipertensos est&#225;gio 1 considerando a medida casual e reclassificados de acordo com a MRPA, n = 1273.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-05-0970-90147-gf03-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>O presente estudo confirmou que a medida da PA obtida pela MRPA &#233; muito &#250;til no diagn&#243;stico dos fen&#243;tipos de HA e permitiu reclassificar 33,3% de indiv&#237;duos avaliados, agregando, portanto, importante informa&#231;&#227;o para abordagem e seguimento desses indiv&#237;duos. Destaca-se o n&#250;mero expressivo de indiv&#237;duos inclu&#237;dos no estudo, oriundos de nove estados das cinco regi&#245;es geogr&#225;ficas brasileiras.</p>
        <p>A HA &#233; uma doen&#231;a altamente prevalente na popula&#231;&#227;o adulta; em um levantamento mundial de 1.128.635 indiv&#237;duos, a preval&#234;ncia foi de 34,9%, sendo a maioria portadores de hipertens&#227;o est&#225;gio 1. Sabe-se tamb&#233;m que a preval&#234;ncia de PH encontra-se no mesmo patamar, refor&#231;ando a necessidade do diagn&#243;stico correto para a ado&#231;&#227;o da conduta mais adequada.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> Tamb&#233;m est&#225; bem estabelecido que os m&#233;todos de monitoriza&#231;&#227;o da PA fora do consult&#243;rio, comparados &#224; medida casual, apresentam maior acur&#225;cia diagn&#243;stica e melhor predi&#231;&#227;o de risco cardiovascular.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Na amostra estudada, ao compararmos as m&#233;dias da PA casual com as da MRPA, encontramos m&#233;dias significativamente menores na MRPA, com diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas (p &lt; 0,001) tanto para a PAS quanto para a PAD.</p>
        <p>Com base nessas evid&#234;ncias cient&#237;ficas, para evitar erro diagn&#243;stico, as diretrizes de HA mais recentes t&#234;m recomendado fortemente a ado&#231;&#227;o de MAPA ou MRPA para avalia&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica, em especial nos indiv&#237;duos com altera&#231;&#245;es iniciais da PA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Quando foram analisados apenas os indiv&#237;duos com crit&#233;rios diagn&#243;sticos para PH ou HA est&#225;gio 1, em que a chance de medidas casuais que induzam ao diagn&#243;stico equivocado &#233; maior, encontramos preval&#234;ncia de normotens&#227;o e hipertens&#227;o verdadeiras de apenas 66,7%, ou seja, em 33,3% dos casos, o diagn&#243;stico teria sido equivocado caso consider&#225;ssemos apenas a medida casual. Esses dados s&#227;o coincidentes com outras publica&#231;&#245;es que encontraram taxas de erro semelhantes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Mais importante ainda &#233; o olhar atento ao risco de HAB em pacientes hipertensos est&#225;gio 1 ou de HM em pr&#233;-hipertensos pois, ao contr&#225;rio do que se imaginava, tanto HAB quanto HM est&#227;o associadas a maior mortalidade cardiovascular e, no caso espec&#237;fico da HM, essa mortalidade &#233; at&#233; maior que a dos hipertensos sustentados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Vale ressaltar que essa preval&#234;ncia &#233; alta em adultos, mas tamb&#233;m &#233; significativa em adolescentes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Na amostra do presente estudo, entre os pr&#233;-hipertensos (n = 703), encontramos uma preval&#234;ncia de HM de 20,6%; esse valor &#233; ainda maior quando analisamos os estratos de PA mais elevados nesse grupo. Nos PH com PAS &#8805; 130 mmHg e/ou PAD &#8805; 85 mmHg, essa preval&#234;ncia &#233; de 27,8%, significativamente maior (p &lt; 0,001) que os PH com n&#237;veis menores que 130/85 mmHg. Os nossos achados s&#227;o consonantes com a tend&#234;ncia das &#250;ltimas diretrizes e posicionamentos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> em dedicar especial aten&#231;&#227;o aos indiv&#237;duos pr&#233;-hipertensos, pois em alguns desses indiv&#237;duos haver&#225; aumento significativo de desfechos cardiovasculares. Tamb&#233;m &#233; justific&#225;vel a recomenda&#231;&#227;o das diretrizes americana e europeia para que se realize, sempre que poss&#237;vel, MAPA ou MRPA quando a PA casual for &#8805; 130/85 mmHg.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Finalmente, ao avaliarmos os indiv&#237;duos diagnosticados como hipertensos est&#225;gio 1 (n = 570), encontramos uma preval&#234;ncia de HAB de 48,9%, o que poderia resultar em diagn&#243;stico e ado&#231;&#227;o de estrat&#233;gia terap&#234;utica equivocados em praticamente metade desses indiv&#237;duos.</p>
        <p>A maior parte da amostra foi constitu&#237;da por indiv&#237;duos do Nordeste do pa&#237;s (67,7%); isso pode ser considerado uma limita&#231;&#227;o, entretanto, como a an&#225;lise se refere aos fen&#243;tipos da HA, parece-nos que a distribui&#231;&#227;o por regi&#227;o geogr&#225;fica teria pouca ou mesmo nenhuma interfer&#234;ncia nos resultados.</p>
        <p>A plataforma de MRPA por telemedicina (TeleMRPA) apresenta-se como modalidade extremamente &#250;til, de baixo custo, f&#225;cil realiza&#231;&#227;o e grande abrang&#234;ncia, permitindo avalia&#231;&#227;o sistematizada das medidas domiciliares da PA, em acordo com as recomenda&#231;&#245;es da DBHA. Al&#233;m da avalia&#231;&#227;o individual na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, o ac&#250;mulo de informa&#231;&#245;es nessa plataforma representa importante banco de dados para an&#225;lises sobre diagn&#243;stico e tratamento da HA em diversas regi&#245;es do Brasil, tanto em institui&#231;&#245;es p&#250;blicas quanto privadas.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>A medida casual da PA &#233; um m&#233;todo de rastreamento de HA, mas &#233; necess&#225;rio levar em considera&#231;&#227;o que as medidas domiciliares apresentam maior acur&#225;cia no diagn&#243;stico.</p>
        <p>Encontramos preval&#234;ncias elevadas de HM e do avental branco em indiv&#237;duos diagnosticados como pr&#233;-hipertensos ou hipertensos est&#225;gio 1.</p>
        <p>A plataforma TeleMRPA permitiu a reclassifica&#231;&#227;o de 33,3% dos indiv&#237;duos estudados.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Co-Investigadores Nacionais</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Adriana C. Oliveira (Cl&#237;nica Vitt&#225;, Goi&#226;nia), Adriana Serpa (Cl&#237;nica SAVE, Recife), Andresson W. Andrade (Icordis, Caruaru), Ana C. Arantes (Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia), Annelise M. G. Paiva (Centro Universit&#225;rio CESMAC, Alagoas), Ant&#244;nio A. M. A. Braga (Cl&#237;nica Ant&#244;nio Almeida, Recife), Carlos A. Machado (N&#250;cleo de Apoio &#224; Estrat&#233;gia Sa&#250;de da Fam&#237;lia. Secretaria Municipal de Sa&#250;de de Campos do Jord&#227;o), Cl&#225;udia F. Gon&#231;alves (Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia), Cleuriberto V. Pereira (Cardiocity, Guarulhos), Danielle B. L. Melo (Cardiologia IMIP, Recife), Ederaldo B. Leite (C&#225;rddio - Hospital Anchieta, Taguatinga), Elder G. A. Cruz (Cl&#237;nica Santa Louise, Salgueiro), F&#225;bio Argenta (Cl&#237;nica Mediodonto, Lucas do Rio Verde), F&#225;bio S. Silveira (Clinica do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Sergipe), Fernando M. F. Fran&#231;a (Cl&#237;nica Cardiovasf, Petrolina), Gustavo A. C. S. Barros (MCor, Recife), Jadil F. F. J&#250;nior (Cl&#237;nica CardioService, Porto Velho), Jo&#227;o A. C. Berig&#243; (Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia), Josaf&#225; O. Costa (Cl&#237;nica Vitta, Igarassu), Luiz H. Thompson (Prev-Sa&#250;de, Recife), Luiz Kencis Jr (Centro de Medicina Avan&#231;ada Dr Luiz Kencis, S&#227;o Paulo), Marcelo De&#8217; Carli (Cl&#237;nica Ipado, Petrolina), Marcelo J. Oliveira (Cardiogr&#225;ficos - Diagn&#243;stico em Cardiologia, Ribeir&#227;o Preto), Marco A. M. Alves (Escada Clinical Center, Escada), Marcos A. P.Meira Junior (Clincar, Jo&#227;o Pessoa), Mariana B. C. Sepulvida (Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo), Nelson Dinamarco (Laborat&#243;rio de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial-UESC, Salvador), Renn&#233; G. Busnello (Clinicordis - Diagn&#243;stico em Cardiologia, Porto Alegre), Stephan Barisic Junior (Cl&#237;nica do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Mossor&#243;), Valdir L. Schwerz (Cl&#237;nica Fares, S&#227;o Paulo).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo foi financiado pela Ind&#250;stria Farmac&#234;utica E.M.S.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa Humana do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas - UFG sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo CAEE 99691018.7.0000.5078. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
