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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">XryGm7Gcwp5ccwxd8swzSmH</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019001100913</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190221</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Environmental Enrichment Effect on Oxidative Stress in Hypertensive Rats</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4829-9606</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cezar</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo Diarcadia Mariano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3119-5723</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Aline Regina Ruiz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1865-0207</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pagan</surname>
            <given-names>Luana Urbano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7623-8918</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Damatto</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo Luiz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias Sociais e Agr&#225;rias de Itapeva</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Itapeva</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias Sociais e Agr&#225;rias de Itapeva (FAIT), Itapeva, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual Paulista</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Botucatu</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Marcelo Diarcadia Mariano Cezar,</bold> Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias Sociais e Agr&#225;rias de Itapeva (FAIT) - Rodovia Francisco Alves Negr&#227;o, km 285. Postal Code 18412-000, Bairro Pil&#227;o D&#8217;&#225;gua, Itapeva, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>marcelocezar@fait.edu.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>02</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>113</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>913</fpage>
      <lpage>914</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Rats</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Stress, Oxidative</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Renovascular Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Environmental Change</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Arterial hypertension (AH) is frequently associated with metabolic disturbs, target-organs functional and/or structural alterations. In Brazil, it contributes, directly or indirectly, to 50% of cardiovascular disease death.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> AH experimental models have showed biochemical and cardiovascular alterations.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Among the most common experimental models of AH in rats are genetic hypertension developed by Okamoto and Aoki<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> with the spontaneous hypertension model, Dahl salt-susceptible, a result of a defect in renal excrete sodium, neurogenic hypertension, defined as a permanent increase in blood pressure resulting from a fundamentally neural (central or peripheral) change. Renal hypertension may be renoprive, produced by severe reduction in renal function, renovascular hypertension that is due to partial obstruction of blood flow to the kidneys, or in some cases both.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Animal laboratory researches show that environmental enrichment stimulates species natural behavior, besides prevent stress signs, suffering and diseases, such as hypertension.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Environmental enrichment, characterized by exposition to different stimulus, has the purpose to potentialize social interactions and development sensorial and motor stimulation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> The enriched environment can induce beneficial effects similar to those promote by physical exercise on brain and behavior, both in humans and animals.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Several studies have observed the environmental enrichment role on alterations due to AH.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Pressoric overload is followed by redox imbalance, which is characterized by reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant capacity unbalance.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
		</p>
    <p>The titled study &#8220;Environmental Enrichment Promotes Antioxidant Effect in the Ventrolateral Medulla and Kidney of Renovascular Hypertensive Rats&#8221;, published in this edition, aimed to evaluate the environmental enrichment on oxidative stress in ventrolateral bulb, heart and kidneys of renovascular-hypertension rats.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Souza et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> study indicates similar mean arterial pressure (MAP) values between normotensive and hypertensive rats exposed to enriched environments. The authors highlight that it is the first study to demonstrate these results in hypertensive animals at these conditions.</p>
    <p>Animals which stayed in enriched environment showed increased antioxidant enzymes activity, superoxide dismutase and catalase on the ventrolateral bulb, as well as TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) reduction. On kidneys, it was observed an increased superoxide dismutase activity. However, on the right kidney, it was found increased carbonyl protein concentration and lower TBARS concentration in hypertensive animals exposed to enriched environment. On the left kidney, hypertensive animals showed catalase enzyme activity reduction regardless of environment. Corroborating study data, oxidative profile alterations are found in young and old rats exposed to environmental enriched associated with antioxidant enzymes adaptations and oxidative damage reduction.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Lacchini et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> assigned oxidative stress improvement to voluntary physical activity performed by animals exposed to enriched environment. In this study, enriched environment was not able to promote not promote cardiac left ventricle antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage biomarkers alterations. Thus, it is likely that enriched environment including running wheels foment the physical activity required to antioxidant effects could be observed in heart.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Wherefore, authors noted that enriched environment promotes antioxidant effects on ventrolateral bulb and kidneys, and it is a potential factor to reduce MAP and oxidative damage in renovascular hypertensive rats. Enriched environments studies that enable voluntary motor activity are needed for greater comprehension of the relationship between environmental enrichment and oxidative stress.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Environmental Enrichment Promotes Antioxidant Effect in the Ventrolateral Medulla and Kidney of Renovascular Hypertensive Rats</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Efeito do Enriquecimento Ambiental no Estresse Oxidativo de Ratos Hipertensos</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4829-9606</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cezar</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo Diarcadia Mariano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3119-5723</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Aline Regina Ruiz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1865-0207</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pagan</surname>
            <given-names>Luana Urbano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7623-8918</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Damatto</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo Luiz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias Sociais e Agr&#225;rias de Itapeva (FAIT), Itapeva, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Marcelo Diarcadia Mariano Cezar,</bold> Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias Sociais e Agr&#225;rias de Itapeva (FAIT) - Rodovia Francisco Alves Negr&#227;o, km 285. CEP 18412-000, Bairro Pil&#227;o D&#8217;&#225;gua, Itapeva, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>marcelocezar@fait.edu.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: O Enriquecimento Ambiental Promove Efeito Antioxidante no Bulbo Ventrolateral e Rins de Roedores com Hipertens&#227;o Renovascular</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Ratos</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Estresse Oxidativo</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o Renovascular</kwd>
        <kwd>Altera&#231;&#227;o Ambiental</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A hipertens&#227;o arterial (HA) frequentemente se associa a dist&#250;rbios metab&#243;licos, altera&#231;&#245;es funcionais e/ou estruturais de &#243;rg&#227;os-alvo. No Brasil, contribui direta ou indiretamente para 50% das mortes por doen&#231;a cardiovascular.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Nos modelos experimentais de HA, tem sido observado altera&#231;&#245;es bioqu&#237;micas e cardiovasculares.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Entre os modelos experimentais mais comuns de HA em ratos, est&#227;o a hipertens&#227;o gen&#233;tica desenvolvido por Okamoto e Aoki<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> com o modelo de hipertens&#227;o espont&#226;nea, hipertens&#227;o gen&#233;tica sal-sens&#237;vel (ratos da cepa Dahl-rapp), resultado de um defeito na capacidade renal de excretar o s&#243;dio, hipertens&#227;o neurog&#234;nica, definida como um aumento permanente da press&#227;o arterial resultante de uma altera&#231;&#227;o fundamentalmente neural (central ou perif&#233;rica). A hipertens&#227;o de origem renal pode ser renopriva, produzida pela severa redu&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o renal, hipertens&#227;o renovascular que &#233; decorrente da obstru&#231;&#227;o parcial do fluxo sangu&#237;neo para os rins, ou em alguns casos ambas as situa&#231;&#245;es.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Pesquisas laboratoriais com animais mostram que o enriquecimento ambiental estimula o comportamento natural da esp&#233;cie, al&#233;m de prevenir sinais de estresse, sofrimento e doen&#231;as, como a HA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>O enriquecimento ambiental, caracterizado pela exposi&#231;&#227;o &#224; diferentes est&#237;mulos, tem a finalidade de potencializar intera&#231;&#245;es sociais e desenvolver a estimula&#231;&#227;o motora e sensorial.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> O ambiente enriquecido pode induzir efeitos ben&#233;ficos semelhantes aos que o exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico propicia no c&#233;rebro e no comportamento, tanto em humanos, como em animais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Diversos estudos t&#234;m observado a import&#226;ncia do enriquecimento ambiental nas altera&#231;&#245;es causadas pela HA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> A sobrecarga press&#243;rica vem acompanhada de desequil&#237;brio redox, que &#233; caracterizado pelo desequil&#237;brio entre a produ&#231;&#227;o de esp&#233;cies reativas de oxig&#234;nio e as defesas antioxidantes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
			</p>
      <p>O estudo publicado nesta edi&#231;&#227;o intitulado &#8220;O enriquecimento ambiental promove efeito antioxidante no bulbo ventrolateral e rins de roedores com hipertens&#227;o renovascular&#8221; tem por objetivo avaliar o efeito do enriquecimento ambiental sobre o estresse oxidativo no bulbo ventrolateral, cora&#231;&#227;o e rins de ratos com hipertens&#227;o renovascular.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
			</p>
      <p>O estudo de Sousa et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> apontou valores semelhantes de press&#227;o arterial m&#233;dia (PAM) entre ratos normotensos e hipertensos que foram mantidos em ambientes enriquecidos. Os autores destacam que este foi o primeiro estudo que mostrou esses resultados em animais com hipertens&#227;o nessas condi&#231;&#245;es.</p>
      <p>Os animais do estudo em quest&#227;o que permaneceram em ambiente enriquecido apresentaram aumento das enzimas antioxidantes, super&#243;xido dismutase e catalase, no bulbo ventrolateral, assim como redu&#231;&#227;o das TBARS (subst&#226;ncias reativas ao &#225;cido tiobarbit&#250;rico). Nos rins, foi observado aumento da atividade do super&#243;xido dismutase. No entanto, no rim direito constatou-se aumento da concentra&#231;&#227;o de prote&#237;na carbonilada e menor concentra&#231;&#227;o de TBARS nos animais hipertensos introduzidos ao ambiente enriquecido. No rim esquerdo, os animais hipertensos apresentaram redu&#231;&#227;o da atividade da enzima catalase independentemente do ambiente. Corroborando com os dados do estudo, observa-se que s&#227;o encontradas altera&#231;&#245;es no perfil oxidativo de ratos jovens e idosos submetidos a enriquecimento ambiental associado a adapta&#231;&#245;es de enzimas antioxidantes e redu&#231;&#227;o do dano oxidativo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Lacchini et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> atribuem a melhora no estresse oxidativo &#224; atividade f&#237;sica volunt&#225;ria desempenhada por animais que viviam em ambiente enriquecido. Nesse estudo, o ambiente enriquecido n&#227;o foi capaz de promover altera&#231;&#245;es na atividade das enzimas antioxidantes e dos biomarcadores de dano oxidativo avaliados no ventr&#237;culo esquerdo. Assim, &#233; prov&#225;vel que o ambiente enriquecido contendo rodas de exerc&#237;cio favorece a atividade necess&#225;ria para que efeitos antioxidantes possam ser observados tamb&#233;m no cora&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Diante do exposto, os autores apontaram que o ambiente enriquecido promove efeitos antioxidantes no bulbo ventrolateral e nos rins, e potencial fator de redu&#231;&#227;o da PAM e do dano oxidativo em ratos com hipertens&#227;o renovascular. Estudos com ambientes enriquecidos que possibilitem a atividade motora volunt&#225;ria s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para maior compreens&#227;o da rela&#231;&#227;o enriquecimento ambiental e estresse oxidativo.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
