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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">7rgNT64xKJm388YvfntJcRL</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019001100894</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20190740</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Another Step in Medical Education in Portuguese Speaking Countries</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0737-6188</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8034-4529</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pinto</surname>
            <given-names>Fausto J.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Rio de Janeiro</city>
          <state>RJ</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Lisboa</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Lisboa</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira,</bold> Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - R. Prof. Rodolpho P. Rocco, 255 - 8&#176;. Andar - Sala 6, UFRJ. Postal Code 21941-913, Cidade Universit&#225;ria, RJ - Brazil. E-mail: <email>glauciam@cardiol.br</email>, <email>glauciamoraesoliveira@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>02</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>113</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>894</fpage>
      <lpage>895</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Education, Medical/trends</kwd>
        <kwd>Publishing/trends</kwd>
        <kwd>Schools,Medical</kwd>
        <kwd>Blobal Burden of Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Life Expectancy</kwd>
        <kwd>Socioeconomics Factors</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>In 2016 the <italic>Journal of the American Medical Association</italic> published a theme issue on medical education, which included an editorial by Golub<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> emphasizing the importance of looking backward on past to advance towards the future. Golub went on to say that the changes in society, such as the shifts in ethnicities, in cultural norms and in health care systems, will lead to new comprehensive, creative and innovative educational models to improve the quality of medical education and patient care.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Therefore, medical training has recently undergone changes, aimed at adapting it to the new population demands, which present great challenges due to regional disparities in the health workforce distribution. Health professionals must be trained to address increasingly complex pathologies and to develop skills to lead interprofessional teams, which must be cost-effective regarding transcultural evidence, to better serve the populations taken care of.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Medical training has become strategic for strengthening health systems, especially in middle- and low-income countries. The report by the Joint Learning Initiative, <italic>Human Resources for Health: Overcoming the crisis</italic>, and that by the World Health Organization (WHO), <italic>World Health Report 2006: working together for health,</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> have shown an estimated shortage of almost 4.3 million doctors, midwives, nurses and support workers worldwide, and this shortage is even more marked in the poorest countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The WHO report has proposed a ten-year action plan, in which countries can build their health workforces with the support of global partners.</p>
    <p>Although governments in the Portuguese-speaking countries (PSC) in Africa have invested in training and retaining medical doctors in their home countries, little progress has been made.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> According to the 2018 WHO report, <italic>Global strategy on human resources for health: workforce 2030</italic>, describing a 13.1% increment in the health workforce in African countries between 2013 and 2016, there was only a small increase in the number of medical doctors in those countries.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>That document has recommended that the WHO implement initiatives to improve the health professional education based on collaboration with countries that had developed successful models.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Aiming at stimulating the development and multilateral cooperation between its Member States, the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries, in its Strategic Plan of Cooperation for Health,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> has proposed the construction of cooperation networks for medical education, supporting initiatives at the undergraduate, postgraduate and research levels.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> That strategy reinforces the Portuguese language as the transcultural common denominator to share scientific knowledge. However, the distances, the lack of proper perspective of local problems and the financing shortage have hindered the communication between PSC, and, thus, the effective establishment of those cooperation networks.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Cooperation initiatives in public health, especially those targeting communicable diseases, have faced challenges depending on factors such as the international relationships between PSC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> In addition, it is worth considering the importance of non-communicable chronic diseases, mainly cardiovascular disease. Ischemic heart disease is the major cause of death in most PSC, with common attributable risk factors, such as diet and arterial hypertension. The genetic and cultural factors, as well as those inherent to the host, in addition to social inequalities, might explain the mortalities observed in PSC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
		</p>
    <p>The similarities between PSC could represent an opportunity for cooperation, putting into context the local demands, for the construction of exchange networks between Portuguese-speaking medical schools to enable the dissemination and adaptation of the existing models, in addition to the creation of an &#8220;Erasmus-like&#8221; Program for PSC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Therefore, a cooperation agreement between several medical schools of PSC, named Cooperation Network of Portuguese-Speaking Medical Schools (CODEM-LP) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>), will be signed this coming November in Lisbon. We are sure that the agreement will strengthen the ties of collaboration between several medical schools, contributing to the success of academic medicine in the Lusophone space.</p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Logo of the Cooperation Network of Portuguese-Speaking Medical Schools.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-05-0894-90740-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Mais um Passo na Educa&#231;&#227;o M&#233;dica nos Pa&#237;ses de L&#237;ngua Portuguesa</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0737-6188</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8034-4529</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pinto</surname>
            <given-names>Fausto J.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira,</bold> Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - R. Prof. Rodolpho P. Rocco, 255 - 8&#176;. Andar - Sala 6, UFRJ. CEP 21941-913, Cidade Universit&#225;ria, RJ - Brasil. E-mail: <email>glauciam@cardiol.br</email>, <email>glauciamoraesoliveira@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Educa&#231;&#227;o M&#233;dica/tend&#234;ncias</kwd>
        <kwd>Publica&#231;&#245;es/tend&#234;ncias</kwd>
        <kwd>Escolas M&#233;dicas</kwd>
        <kwd>Carga Global da Doen&#231;a</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Expectativa de Vida</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores Socioecon&#244;micos.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Em 2016, o <italic>Journal of the American Medical Association</italic> (JAMA) publicou uma edi&#231;&#227;o tem&#225;tica sobre educa&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica, na qual Golub,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> em seu editorial, salientou a import&#226;ncia de se olhar para o passado para se antever o futuro. Esse autor ressalta que as mudan&#231;as que ocorrem na sociedade, como a globaliza&#231;&#227;o das etnias, das normas culturais e dos sistemas de sa&#250;de, ir&#227;o requerer novos modelos educacionais que sejam abrangentes, criativos e inovadores para melhorar a qualidade da educa&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica e da assist&#234;ncia ao paciente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Desse modo, o ensino m&#233;dico tem sido alvo de mudan&#231;as recentes, com o objetivo de se adequar &#224;s novas demandas populacionais, que apresentam grandes desafios decorrentes das desigualdades regionais na distribui&#231;&#227;o da for&#231;a de trabalho em sa&#250;de. Esses profissionais dever&#227;o ser treinados para abordar patologias com complexidade crescente e ter habilidades para liderar equipes interprofissionais, que precisam ser custo-efetivas quanto &#224;s evid&#234;ncias transculturais, para melhor servir &#224;s popula&#231;&#245;es assistidas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Assim, a forma&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica tornou-se estrat&#233;gica para fortalecer os sistemas de sa&#250;de, especialmente nos pa&#237;ses de m&#233;dia e baixa renda. Os relat&#243;rios <italic>Human Resources for Health: Overcoming the crisis</italic>, produzido por <italic>Joint Learning Initiative</italic>, e o <italic>World Health Report 2006: working together for health</italic>, produzido pela Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de (OMS),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> estimaram escassez de quase 4,3 milh&#245;es de m&#233;dicos, parteiras, enfermeiros e trabalhadores de apoio em sa&#250;de em todo o mundo, sendo essa escassez mais acentuada nos pa&#237;ses mais pobres, em especial na &#193;frica subsaariana. O segundo relat&#243;rio estabeleceu um plano de a&#231;&#227;o para os dez anos subsequentes, em que os pa&#237;ses poderiam construir suas for&#231;as de trabalho em sa&#250;de com a ajuda de parceiros globais.</p>
      <p>Ainda que os governos dos pa&#237;ses de l&#237;ngua portuguesa (PLP) na &#193;frica tenham investido recursos para melhorar o ensino e reter m&#233;dicos em seus pa&#237;ses de origem, pouco avan&#231;o p&#244;de ser observado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Segundo o relat&#243;rio da OMS de 2018, <italic>Global strategy on human resources for health: workforce 2030</italic>, descrevendo um incremento de 13,1% nos profissionais de sa&#250;de na &#193;frica entre 2013 e 2016, o aumento no n&#250;mero de m&#233;dicos naqueles pa&#237;ses foi pequeno.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>Esse mesmo documento prop&#245;e iniciativas a serem implementadas pela OMS para melhorar a forma&#231;&#227;o de profissionais de sa&#250;de com base na colabora&#231;&#227;o entre pa&#237;ses que desenvolveram modelos exitosos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Com o objetivo de estimular o desenvolvimento e a coopera&#231;&#227;o multilateral entre seus pa&#237;ses-membros, a Comunidade de Pa&#237;ses de L&#237;ngua Portuguesa, em seu Plano Estrat&#233;gico de Coopera&#231;&#227;o em Sa&#250;de,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> prop&#245;e incentivo para a forma&#231;&#227;o de redes de coopera&#231;&#227;o para o ensino m&#233;dico, com apoio &#224;s iniciativas nos n&#237;veis de gradua&#231;&#227;o, p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o e pesquisa.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Com essa estrat&#233;gia, reafirma a l&#237;ngua portuguesa como denominador comum transcultural para a partilha de conhecimento cient&#237;fico. No entanto, as dist&#226;ncias, a falta de contextualiza&#231;&#227;o dos problemas locais e as falhas de financiamento dificultaram a comunica&#231;&#227;o entre os PLP e, por consequ&#234;ncia, o estabelecimento efetivo dessas redes de coopera&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>As iniciativas de coopera&#231;&#227;o em sa&#250;de p&#250;blica, especialmente aquelas voltadas para as doen&#231;as transmiss&#237;veis, v&#234;m enfrentando dificuldades na depend&#234;ncia de fatores como as rela&#231;&#245;es internacionais entre os PLP.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Para al&#233;m disso, h&#225; que se considerar a import&#226;ncia das doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas n&#227;o transmiss&#237;veis, com foco nas enfermidades cardiovasculares. A doen&#231;a isqu&#234;mica do cora&#231;&#227;o &#233; a principal causa de morte na maioria dos PLP, com fatores de risco atribu&#237;veis comuns, como os diet&#233;ticos e a hipertens&#227;o arterial. Possivelmente os fatores gen&#233;ticos, os culturais, os inerentes ao hospedeiro, al&#233;m das grandes desigualdades sociais, poderiam explicar as mortalidades observadas nos PLP.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Essas similaridades entre os PLP representariam uma oportunidade de coopera&#231;&#227;o, contextualizando as demandas locais, para a forma&#231;&#227;o de redes de interc&#226;mbio entre faculdades de medicina de l&#237;ngua portuguesa a fim de possibilitar a dissemina&#231;&#227;o e a adapta&#231;&#227;o dos modelos j&#225; existentes, al&#233;m da cria&#231;&#227;o de um Programa &#8220;<italic>Erasmus-like&#8221;</italic> para os PLP.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> &#201; nesse sentido que, no pr&#243;ximo m&#234;s de novembro, ser&#225; celebrada, em Lisboa, a assinatura de um acordo de coopera&#231;&#227;o entre v&#225;rias faculdades de medicina de PLP, sob a designa&#231;&#227;o de Rede de Coopera&#231;&#227;o das Escolas M&#233;dicas de L&#237;ngua Portuguesa (CODEM-LP) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>). Estamos convictos de que tal acordo fortalecer&#225; os la&#231;os de colabora&#231;&#227;o entre as v&#225;rias escolas m&#233;dicas, contribuindo para um refor&#231;o da medicina acad&#234;mica no espa&#231;o da lusofonia.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Logomarca da Rede de Coopera&#231;&#227;o das Escolas M&#233;dicas de L&#237;ngua Portuguesa.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-05-0894-90740-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
