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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">qmXtB6PyTxpZxtzqbjZRCQR</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019001000757</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190215</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Mitral Valve Repair in Young Rheumatic Patients</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0566-1038</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pomerantzeff</surname>
            <given-names>Pablo Maria Alberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade Cir&#250;rgica de Cardiopatia Valvar - Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Pablo Maria Alberto Pomerantzeff,</bold> InCor HCFMUSP Avenida Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 44 - Cerqueira Cesar - Postal Code 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. Email: <email>dcipablo@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>04</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>113</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>757</fpage>
      <lpage>757</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Heart Defects Congenital</kwd>
        <kwd>mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>hypertension, Pulmonary</kwd>
        <kwd>Reoperation</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiopathy, Rheumatic</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Mitral valve repair surgery presents excellent immediate and late results in young patients with valve disease resulting from chronic rheumatic heart disease such as those reported in the article by Cruz et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> in this issue.</p>
    <p>There is agreement in the literature on the lower morbidity and mortality of patients submitted to mitral repair surgery in relation to valve replacement, but there is no uniformity of results of mitral valve reconstruction in patients with lesions resulting from rheumatic fever, perhaps, due to the recurrence of new rheumatic episodes in the evolution of these patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
		</p>
    <p>In the work of Cruz et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> they found that the time of use of vasoactive drug is an independent predictor for unfavorable outcomes in the immediate and late postoperative, while residual mitral valve insufficiency was associated with reoperation and both tricuspid insufficiency and pulmonary hypertension were associated with unfavorable outcomes. We should consider some points. Mitral valve insufficiency surgery in rheumatic patients should be performed from the anatomic point of view when there is still a pliable anterior leaflet, at the appropriate time, neither early nor late, so that the surgery is performed before the development of pulmonary hypertension and tricuspid insufficiency, although it is known that many patients only seek care already in advanced stages of the disease.</p>
    <p>As reported in our study,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> valvar reconstruction requires the surgeon a perfect knowledge of anatomy and the multiplicity of existing techniques. In addition, an evaluation of the leaflets, a mitral valve annulus, chordae tendineae and papillary muscles should be performed systematically during the surgery. Surgery should be performed with Doppler echocardiographic examination through the transesophageal tube.</p>
    <p>When the anterior leaflet is thickened and there is a significant mitral insufficiency, it is technically possible to correct the reflux by means of reconstructive techniques, but this valve will most likely become stenotic due to the restriction of movement caused by this thickening of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, impairing its opening.</p>
    <p>Other anatomical details are important. The normal mitral valve presents a zone of coaptation between the anterior and posterior leaflets, around 6 to 8 mm, coaptation that we should pursue in the performance of a mitral valve repair surgery because this adequate coaptation will favor a good long-term evolution. This coaptation is easily proven in the intraoperative period, with the test of saline solution with the filling of the left ventricle, making the mitral valve competent after the repair surgery, and the use of brushing with methylene blue in the atrial line of coaptation. Besides this good coaptation, a successful mitral valve repair must have an adequate valve area after the procedure, without ever causing stenosis.</p>
    <p>We must not forget that myocardial protection in cardiac surgery is fundamental. If this protection is performed properly and we get good mitral valve reconstruction, confirmed by echocardiography in a patient with good preoperative ventricular function, the need for vasoactive drugs in the immediate postoperative period will certainly below.</p>
    <p>Several studies<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> have shown a direct relationship with good results, that is, the durability of the repair and the volume of mitral repairs made by a given service.</p>
    <p>Undoubtedly, the cardiovascular surgeon who is interested in mitral valve reconstruction should accompany for some time an institution that routinely uses this technique.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Predictors of Unfavourable Outcomes in Children and Adolescents Submitted to Surgical Mitral Valvuloplasty Secondary to Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 Cruz RCC, Cordeiro BS, AMT. Santos FS, Fernandes C, Gama JMA, Ladeia AMT. Preditores de desfecho desfavor&#225;vel em crian&#231;as e adolescentes submetidos &#224; valvoplastia mitral,cirurgia secund&#225;ria a cardiopatia reum&#225;tica cr&#244;nica. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019; 113(4):748-756.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Cruz</surname>
              <given-names>RCC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cordeiro</surname>
              <given-names>BS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>AMT. Santos</surname>
              <given-names>FS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fernandes</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gama</surname>
              <given-names>JMA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ladeia</surname>
              <given-names>AMT</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Preditores de desfecho desfavor&#225;vel em crian&#231;as e adolescentes submetidos &#224; valvoplastia mitral,cirurgia secund&#225;ria a cardiopatia reum&#225;tica cr&#244;nica</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>113</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>748</fpage>
          <lpage>756</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2 Pomerantzeff PMA, Brand&#227;o CM de A, Leite Filho OA, Guedes MAV, Silva MF da, Grinberg M, et al. Mitral valve repair in patients with rheumatic mitral insufficiency. Twenty years of techniques and results. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc. 2009;24(4):485-9.</mixed-citation>
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            <name>
              <surname>Pomerantzeff</surname>
              <given-names>PMA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brand&#227;o CM de</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Leite</surname>
              <given-names>OA</given-names>
              <suffix>Filho</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Guedes</surname>
              <given-names>MAV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Silva</surname>
              <given-names>MF da</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Grinberg</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Mitral valve repair in patients with rheumatic mitral insufficiency. Twenty years of techniques and results</article-title>
          <source>Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>24</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>485</fpage>
          <lpage>489</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3 Chikwe J, Toyoda N, Anyanwu AC, Itagaki S, Egorova NN, Boateng P, et al. Relation of mitral valve surgery volume to repair rate, durability, and survival. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(19):2397-406</mixed-citation>
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            <name>
              <surname>Chikwe</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Toyoda</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Anyanwu</surname>
              <given-names>AC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Itagaki</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Egorova</surname>
              <given-names>NN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Boateng</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Relation of mitral valve surgery volume to repair rate, durability, and survival</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
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        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Pl&#225;stica da Valva Mitral em Pacientes Reum&#225;ticos Jovens</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0566-1038</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pomerantzeff</surname>
            <given-names>Pablo Maria Alberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade Cir&#250;rgica de Cardiopatia Valvar - Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Pablo Maria Alberto Pomerantzeff,</bold> InCor HCFMUSP Avenida Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 44 - Cerqueira Cesar - CEP 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. Email: <email>dcipablo@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nitas</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia da Valva Mitral/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o Pulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Reopera&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiopatia Reum&#225;tica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A pl&#225;stica da valva mitral apresenta excelentes resultados imediatos e tardios em pacientes jovens com doen&#231;a valvar resultante de cardiopatia reum&#225;tica cr&#244;nica, como os relatados no artigo de Cruz et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> nesta edi&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <p>H&#225; um consenso na literatura sobre a menor morbidade e mortalidade dos pacientes submetidos &#224; cirurgia de reparo mitral em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; troca valvar, mas n&#227;o h&#225; uniformidade nos resultados da reconstru&#231;&#227;o valvar mitral em pacientes com les&#245;es decorrentes de febre reum&#225;tica, talvez devido &#224; recorr&#234;ncia de novos epis&#243;dios reum&#225;ticos na evolu&#231;&#227;o desses pacientes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>No trabalho de Cruz et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> os autores relatam que o tempo de uso da droga vasoativa &#233; um preditor independente para desfechos desfavor&#225;veis no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio imediato e tardio, enquanto a insufici&#234;ncia mitral residual foi associada &#224; reopera&#231;&#227;o e ambas a insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide e a hipertens&#227;o pulmonar foram associadas a desfechos desfavor&#225;veis. Devemos considerar alguns pontos. A cirurgia de insufici&#234;ncia valvar mitral em pacientes reum&#225;ticos deve ser realizada do ponto de vista anat&#244;mico quando ainda existe um folheto anterior male&#225;vel, no momento adequado, nem precoce nem tardio, para que a cirurgia seja realizada antes do desenvolvimento de hipertens&#227;o pulmonar e insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide, embora se saiba que muitos pacientes s&#243; procuram atendimento nos est&#225;gios avan&#231;ados da doen&#231;a.</p>
      <p>Como relatado em nosso estudo,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> a reconstru&#231;&#227;o valvar exige do cirurgi&#227;o um conhecimento perfeito da anatomia e da multiplicidade das t&#233;cnicas existentes. Al&#233;m disso, uma avalia&#231;&#227;o das c&#250;spides, do anel valvar mitral, das cordas tend&#237;neas e dos m&#250;sculos papilares deve ser realizada de forma sistem&#225;tica durante a cirurgia. A cirurgia deve ser realizada com acompanhamento EcoDopplercardiogr&#225;fico transesof&#225;gico.</p>
      <p>Quando a c&#250;spide anterior est&#225; espessada e h&#225; uma insufici&#234;ncia mitral significativa, &#233; tecnicamente poss&#237;vel corrigir o refluxo atrav&#233;s de t&#233;cnicas reconstrutivas, mas essa v&#225;lvula provavelmente se tornar&#225; esten&#243;tica devido &#224; restri&#231;&#227;o de movimento causada pelo espessamento do folheto anterior da valva mitral, prejudicando sua abertura.</p>
      <p>Outros detalhes anat&#244;micos s&#227;o importantes. A v&#225;lvula mitral normal apresenta uma zona de coapta&#231;&#227;o entre os folhetos anterior e posterior, em torno de 6 a 8 mm, a qual devemos buscar na realiza&#231;&#227;o de uma cirurgia de reparo da v&#225;lvula mitral, pois essa coapta&#231;&#227;o adequada favorecer&#225; uma boa evolu&#231;&#227;o a longo prazo.</p>
      <p>Esta coapta&#231;&#227;o &#233; facilmente comprovada no per&#237;odo intraoperat&#243;rio, durante a circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea com o cora&#231;&#227;o parado, realizando o teste da solu&#231;&#227;o salina com o enchimento do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, tornando a valva mitral competente ap&#243;s a sua corre&#231;&#227;o e o uso de azul de metileno na linha atrial de coapta&#231;&#227;o. Al&#233;m desta boa coapta&#231;&#227;o, uma pl&#225;stica mitral bem sucedida deve apresentar uma &#225;rea valvar adequada ap&#243;s o procedimento, sem causar estenose.</p>
      <p>N&#227;o devemos esquecer que a prote&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio na cirurgia card&#237;aca &#233; fundamental. Se essa prote&#231;&#227;o for realizada adequadamente e obtivermos uma boa reconstru&#231;&#227;o da valva mitral, confirmada por ecocardiografia em um paciente com boa fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular pr&#233;-operat&#243;ria, a necessidade de drogas vasoativas no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio imediato certamente ser&#225; menor.</p>
      <p>Diversos estudos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> mostraram uma rela&#231;&#227;o direta com bons resultados, ou seja, a durabilidade do reparo e o volume de reparos mitrais realizados por um determinado servi&#231;o.</p>
      <p>Sem d&#250;vida, o cirurgi&#227;o cardiovascular interessado na reconstru&#231;&#227;o da valva mitral deve acompanhar por algum tempo uma institui&#231;&#227;o que rotineiramente utiliza essa t&#233;cnica.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Preditores de Desfecho Desfavor&#225;vel em Crian&#231;as e Adolescentes Submetidos &#224; Valvoplastia Mitral Cir&#250;rgica Secund&#225;ria a Cardiopatia Reum&#225;tica Cr&#244;nica</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
