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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">HqRcKmJT5PFMwCwhCQfXMhD</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019001000746</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190198</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>At Last, a Sensitive Method to Detect Incipient Systolic Dysfunction!</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2875-9863</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Eduardo Suaide</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Diagn&#243;sticos da Am&#233;rica SA</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
            <state>SP</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Diagn&#243;sticos da Am&#233;rica SA, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Carlos Eduardo Suaide Silva,</bold> Rua Xavier Gouveia, 241, Apt 92. Postal Code 04610-010, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>csuaide@cardiol.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>04</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>113</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>746</fpage>
      <lpage>747</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Ventricular Dysfunction Left</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic</kwd>
        <kwd>HIV</kwd>
        <kwd>Antiretroviral Therapy Highly Active</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Contraction</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography/methods</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Left ventricular systolic function evaluation has always been one of the main attributions of echocardiography. The degree of ventricular systolic dysfunction is an important predictor of outcome for a large number of diseases, including ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, and congenital heart disease. In this area, the ejection fraction has been sovereign for many decades, but despite being a parameter that can, in most cases, inform the real state of global ventricular function, in many situations it may be normal in the presence of evident systolic or diastolic dysfunction.</p>
    <p>Known clinical examples are the several cases of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, among others. For this reason, an index that can identify early ventricular dysfunction that is not connected with the ejection fraction has been sought for a long time.</p>
    <p>Myocardial deformation evaluation by echocardiography emerged with the strain and strain rate techniques, still derived from tissue Doppler, which was developed at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, Norway, approximately twenty years ago.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> In 2004, we had already demonstrated the presence of incipient systolic dysfunction in patients with the indeterminate form of Chagas disease using this technique.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Later, in 2006, the speckle tracking technique appeared, which quantifies myocardial deformation by two-dimensional echo and does not depend on the insonation angle (a limitation of the prior technique).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>This technique has advanced to the present day and allows measuring the longitudinal, radial and circumferential deformation of the several myocardial segments (strain). The mean value of the percentage of longitudinal deformation of each segment is what we call the global longitudinal strain (GLS) and this index has shown to be an excellent parameter for systolic function evaluation, which is sensitive enough to detect incipient impairment when the ejection fraction is still normal and has a higher prognostic value than EF in many clinical situations.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
		</p>
    <p>In this issue of the Brazilian Archives of Cardiology, Dr. Ronaldo Campos Rodrigues presents us with an excellent work, in which left ventricular systolic function was assessed by quantifying GLS in HIV-positive patients, with and without antiretroviral therapy, compared with a control group.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> It was observed that GLS values were significantly lower in infected individuals than in control ones, regardless of whether or not they were undergoing treatment. All of them had normal ejection fraction and the only group with abnormal GLS (less than -18%) was that of infected individuals without treatment. Their findings demonstrate the high sensitivity of this echocardiographic parameter in detecting incipient systolic dysfunction, which leads us to think that treatment must decrease myocardial aggression by the virus. Early systolic dysfunction was also found by Mendes et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> in a similar group.</p>
    <p>These and other studies point to a paradigm shift in the study of ventricular function. I believe that soon, cardiologists will not be satisfied with the value of the ejection fraction alone but will also require the value of GLS for a deeper and more accurate assessment of ventricular systolic function.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial related to the article: The Use of Two-Dimensional Strain Measured by Speckle Tracking in the Identification of Incipient Ventricular Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy, Untreated HIV Patients and Healthy Controls</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Enfim um M&#233;todo Sens&#237;vel para Detectar Disfun&#231;&#227;o Sist&#243;lica Incipiente!</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2875-9863</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Eduardo Suaide</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="original">Diagn&#243;sticos da Am&#233;rica SA, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Carlos Eduardo Suaide Silva,</bold> Rua Xavier Gouveia, 241, Apt 92. CEP 04610-010, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>csuaide@cardiol.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Disfun&#231;&#227;o Ventricular Esquerda</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomiopatia Hipertr&#243;fica</kwd>
        <kwd>HIV</kwd>
        <kwd>Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade</kwd>
        <kwd>Contra&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia/m&#233;todos.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo sempre foi uma das principais atribui&#231;&#245;es da ecocardiografia. O grau de disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica ventricular &#233; um importante preditor de desfecho para um grande n&#250;mero de doen&#231;as, incluindo cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica, miocardiopatias, valvopatias e cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas. Nessa seara a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reina soberana h&#225; muitas d&#233;cadas, mas apesar de ser um par&#226;metro que, na maioria das vezes, pode informar o real estado da fun&#231;&#227;o global ventricular, em muitas situa&#231;&#245;es pode estar normal na presen&#231;a de disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica ou diast&#243;lica evidente. Exemplos cl&#237;nicos conhecidos s&#227;o os diversos casos de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada (ICFEP) ou portadores de cardiomiopatia hipertr&#243;fica, entre outros. Por esse motivo, h&#225; muito tempo que se procura um &#237;ndice que identifique disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular precocemente e desvinculado da fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o da deforma&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica pela ecocardiografia surgiu com as t&#233;cnicas do <italic>strain</italic> e <italic>strain rate,</italic> ainda derivadas do Doppler tecidual, e foi desenvolvida na <italic>Norwegian University of Science and Technology</italic>, em Trondheim, na Noruega h&#225; cerca de vinte anos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Em 2004 j&#225; hav&#237;amos demonstrado com essa t&#233;cnica a presen&#231;a de disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica incipiente em portadores da forma indeterminada da doen&#231;a de Chagas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Posteriormente, em 2006, surgiu a t&#233;cnica do <italic>speckle tracking</italic> que realiza a quantifica&#231;&#227;o da deforma&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica pelo eco bidimensional e &#233; independente do &#226;ngulo de insona&#231;&#227;o (uma limita&#231;&#227;o da t&#233;cnica anterior).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Essa t&#233;cnica avan&#231;ou at&#233; os dias de hoje e permite medir a deforma&#231;&#227;o longitudinal, radial e circunferencial dos diversos segmentos mioc&#225;rdicos (<italic>strain</italic>). O valor m&#233;dio do percentual de deforma&#231;&#227;o longitudinal de cada segmento &#233; o que chamamos de <italic>strain</italic> longitudinal global (SLG) e esse &#237;ndice tem se mostrado um excelente par&#226;metro de avalia&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica, sens&#237;vel o suficiente para detectar comprometimento incipiente, quando a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o ainda est&#225; normal, e apresenta valor progn&#243;stico superior a ela em diversas situa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Nesse n&#250;mero dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia o Dr. Ronaldo Campos Rodrigues nos apresenta um excelente trabalho onde estudou a fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo pela quantifica&#231;&#227;o do SLG em portadores de HIV, sem e com terapia antirretroviral, comparando com grupo controle.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Observou que os valores do SLG foram significativamente menores nos indiv&#237;duos infectados do que no controle, independentemente de estarem ou n&#227;o em tratamento. Todos apresentavam fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o normal e o &#250;nico grupo que apresentou o SLG anormal (inferior a -18%) foi o de indiv&#237;duos infectados sem tratamento. Seus achados demonstram a alta sensibilidade desse par&#226;metro ecocardiogr&#225;fico em detectar disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica incipiente e nos leva a pensar que o tratamento deve diminuir a agress&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica pelo v&#237;rus. Disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica precoce tamb&#233;m foi encontrada por Mendes et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> em um grupo semelhante.</p>
      <p>Estes e outros trabalhos apontam para uma mudan&#231;a de paradigma no estudo da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular. Acredito que, em breve, os cardiologistas n&#227;o ir&#227;o se satisfazer apenas com o valor da fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o, mas ir&#227;o tamb&#233;m perguntar pelo valor do SLG para uma avalia&#231;&#227;o mais profunda e acurada da fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica ventricular.</p>
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          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: O Uso do Strain Bidimensional Obtido pelo Speckle Tracking na Identifica&#231;&#227;o da Disfun&#231;&#227;o Ventricular Incipiente em Pacientes Infectados pelo HIV em Uso de Terapia Antirretroviral, Pacientes HIV n&#227;o Tratados e Controles Saud&#225;veis</p>
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