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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">G3PpmwRWgYdqTtsqhZzspWQ</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000900410</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2019005001306</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190142</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Physical Activity Levels in Peripheral Artery Disease Patients</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gerage</surname>
            <given-names>Aline Mendes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Correia</surname>
            <given-names>Marilia de Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Mesquita Longano de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Palmeira</surname>
            <given-names>Aline Cabral</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1638-6465</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Domingues</surname>
            <given-names>Wagner Jorge Ribeiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Zeratti</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#244;nio Eduardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Puech-Le&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wolosker</surname>
            <given-names>Nelson</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7883-6746</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ritti-Dias</surname>
            <given-names>Raphael Mendes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cucato</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriel Grizzo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Florian&#243;polis</city>
          <state>SC</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - Departamento de Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica, Florian&#243;polis, SC - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Nove de Julho</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Nove de Julho, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Amazonas</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Parintins</city>
          <state>AM</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Parintins, AM - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Clinicas</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Clinicas, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Raphael Mendes Ritti-Dias</bold> Universidade Nove de Julho - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Reabilita&#231;&#227;o - Rua Vergueiro, 235. Postal Code 01504-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil E-mail: <email>raphaelritti@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Zeratti AE, Puech-Le&#227;o P, Wolosker N, Ritti-Dias RM, Cucato GG; Acquisition of data: Correia MA, Oliveira PML, Palmeira AC, Domingues WJR; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Gerage AM; Statistical analysis: Gerage AM, Correia MA, Ritti-Dias RM, Cucato GG; Writing of the manuscript: Gerage AM, Correia MA, Oliveira PML, Palmeira AC, Domingues WJR, Ritti-Dias RM; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Zeratti AE, Puech-Le&#227;o P, Wolosker N, Cucato GG.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>113</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>410</fpage>
      <lpage>416</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Increases in daily physical activity levels is recommended for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, despite this recommendation, little is known about the physical activity patterns of PAD patients.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To describe the physical activity patterns of patients with symptomatic peripheral artery (PAD) disease.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>This cross-sectional study included 174 PAD patients with intermittent claudication symptoms. Patients were submitted to clinical, hemodynamic and functional evaluations. Physical activity was objectively measured by an accelerometer, and the time spent in sedentary, low-light, high-light and moderate-vigorous physical activities (MVPA) were obtained. Descriptive analysis was performed to summarize patient data and binary logistic regression was used to test the crude and adjusted associations between adherence to physical activity recommendation and sociodemographic and clinical factors. For all the statistical analyses, significance was accepted at p &lt; 0.05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>Patients spent in average of 640 &#177; 121 min/day, 269 &#177; 94 min/day, 36 &#177; 27 min/day and 15 &#177; 16 min/day in sedentary, low-light, high-light and MVPA, respectively. The prevalence of patients who achieved physical activity recommendations was 3.4%. After adjustment for confounders, a significant inverse association was observed between adherence to physical activity recommendation and age (OR = 0.925; p = 0.004), while time of disease, ankle brachial index and total walking distance were not associated with this adherence criteria (p &gt; 0.05).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>The patterns of physical activity of PAD patients are characterized by a large amount of time spent in sedentary behaviors and a low engagement in MVPA. Younger patients, regardless of the clinical and functional factors, were more likely to meet the current physical activity recommendations.</p>
        </sec>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Motor Activity</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise</kwd>
        <kwd>Waling</kwd>
        <kwd>Peripheral Arterial Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Intermittent Claudication</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>CNPq</funding-source>
          <award-id>CNPq-409707/2016-3</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <funding-statement>This study was funded by CNPq-409707/2016-3. Coordena&#231;&#227;o de aperfei&#231;oamento do ensino superior - CAPES</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and symptoms of intermittent claudication have walking impairment, several comorbid conditions and increased cardiovascular risk,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> due to the disease characteristics and severity. Supervised exercise training has been considered a cornerstone in the clinical therapeutic approach in PAD patients,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> as it improves several components of physical function and quality of life.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Similarly, positive effects of device-monitored, home-based exercise training programs to improve the walking capacity in these patients have also been reported.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> However, these interventions are available for a restricted number of patients, limiting applicability in the public health context. Therefore, recommendations to increase physical activity levels remain the most often used approach in clinical practice.</p>
      <p>Current physical activity recommendations for the overall population, including PAD patients, consists of practicing at least 150 min of moderate or 75 min of vigorous physical activities or an equivalent combination of moderate-vigorous physical activities (MVPA) per week.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Furthermore, it has been recommended that MVPA should be performed in bouts with at least a 10-minute duration.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Surprisingly, there are no data indicating the number of symptomatic PAD patients who achieve these physical activity recommendations. Given that most of symptomatic PAD patients are older, have several comorbidities, and that symptoms of intermittent claudication are the main barrier for physical activity practice in these patients,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> by limiting their walking and functional capacity, it is expected that only a small percentage of the patients would achieve the recommended physical activity levels.</p>
      <p>Thus, in this study we aimed to describe the physical activity pattern of Brazilian patients with PAD and symptoms of intermittent claudication according to the recommendations for physical activity practice, providing objective information regarding the time spent in sedentary behavior, light physical activity and MVPA. Moreover, we tested the association between adherence to physical activity recommendations and sociodemographic and clinical factors in Brazilian patients with symptomatic PAD.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Study design and ethical issues</title>
        <p>This descriptive study was approved by Local Ethics Committee. Prior to data collection, patients were informed about the methodological and logistic procedures required to participate in the study, as well as the risks and benefits, and signed a written informed consent form before participation.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Participants</title>
        <p>The overall sample consisted of symptomatic PAD patients, recruited at a tertiary center specialized in vascular disease, between September 2015 and November 2017. The tertiary center is a specific unit designed to treat PAD patients with intermittent claudication symptoms. There, physicians instruct patients to: stop smoking, control their risk factors, and increase their physical activity levels. In the present study, no additional instructions were given, and patients were asked to keep their physical activity routine. To be included in the present study, patients should: have PAD (Fontaine Stage II), ankle brachial index (ABI) &lt;0.90 in one or both legs and undergo the six-minute walking test (6MWT). Patients with non-compressible vessels, amputated limbs and/or ulcers, previous diagnosis of neurological or psychiatric disorders, or those classified as illiterate were excluded.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Measurements</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Clinical data</title>
          <p>A standardized face-to-face interview was performed, including assessment of social and demographic information, co-morbid conditions (self-reported), and medications. Social and demographic variables included age and gender (male or female). Time of disease diagnosis was obtained through the question &#8220;<italic>How long have you had the disease?</italic>&#8221;. Data on smoking habits (ex- or current smoker, or non-smoker), obesity (body mass index (BMI) &#8805; 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), diabetes (doctor-diagnosed or hypoglycemic drugs), hypertension (systolic/diastolic blood pressure &gt;140/90 mmHg or antihypertensive drug use), dyslipidemia (doctor-diagnosed or hypolipidemic drug use), coronary heart disease, heart failure and history of cancer (self-reported or analysis of medical records) were obtained.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Disease severity</title>
          <p>PAD severity was obtained by calculating the ABI in accordance with the guidelines.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> All measures were carried out by a single and trained evaluator, using vascular Doppler (Medmega DV160, Brazil) and aneroid sphygmomanometer.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Walking capacity</title>
          <p>The 6MWT was performed on a 30-meter long corridor, following the previously described protocol.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> Briefly, patients were instructed to complete as many laps as possible. Patients were encouraged to &#8220;walk at the usual pace for six-minutes and cover as much ground as possible&#8221;. Patients were informed that they could rest, if necessary. At the end of each minute, patients received feedback on the elapsed time and standardized encouragement in the form of statements such as &#8220;you are doing well, keep it up&#8221; and &#8220;do your best". Total walking distance was defined as the maximum distance which the patient could walk during the test, with or without leg pain. In addition, the self-reported ambulatory ability was assessed using the Brazilian versions of Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> and the Walking Estimated-Limitation Calculated by History (WELCH) questionnaire.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
					</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectively measured physical activity</title>
          <p>Physical activity was assessed using a GT3X+ triaxial accelerometer (Actigraph, Pensacola, FL, USA). Each participant was instructed to use the accelerometer for seven consecutive days, removing it only for sleeping, bathing or performing activities in the water. The device was attached to an elastic belt and attached to the right side of the hip. Data reduction was performed using the Actilife software, version 6.02 (Actigraph, Pensacola, FL, USA), with a 60Hz sample frequency and 60s epochs. Periods with consecutive values of zero for 60 min or longer were interpreted as &#8220;accelerometer not worn&#8221; and excluded from the analysis. Physical activity data were included only if the participant had accumulated a minimum of 10 hours/day of recording for at least four days, including one weekend day. The average of total time spent in each intensity of physical activity was calculated using the cutoff points specific for elderly individuals,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> adapted by Buman et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> considering sedentary time (SED) as 0 - 99 counts/min; low-light physical activities as 100-1040 counts/min, high-light physical activities as 1041-1951 counts/min and MVPA as &#8805; 1952 counts/min using the vertical axis, and analyzed in min/day, adjusting for the time and number of days the device was worn. The total time spent in SED bouts and the time spent in bouts of at least high-light physical activities and MVPA were analyzed by the sum of minutes spent in SED, high-light physical activities and MVPA, respectively, in periods lasting &#8805;10 minutes. Additionally, we calculated the percentage of patients that met the current physical activity recommendations (&#8805; 150 min/week) considering MVPA bouts.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>The sample size was calculated by estimating an effect size of 0.3 in the chi-square analysis, considering an alpha error of 5% and a power of 80%. The sample size required for the study was 143 participants. The data were stored and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 17.0, SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Descriptive analysis was performed to summarize the patients&#8217; data using means, standard deviation or frequency distribution (absolute and relative), as appropriate. Binary logistic regression was used to test the crude and adjusted (age, time of the disease diagnosis, ankle-brachial index, and six-minute walking distance) association between adherence to physical activity recommendation and sociodemographic data and clinical factors. The results are expressed as odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). For all the statistical analyses, significance was set at p &lt; 0.05.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>The overall characteristics of patients are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>. The mean age of all patients was 66.7 &#177; 9.0 years and, on average, patients had moderate disease (ABI: 0.61 &#177; 0.18). Most patients had hypertension (88.9%), dyslipidemia (85.2%) and diabetes (52.4%),and used antihypertensive (78%) (i.e. thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, beta-blockers), lipid-lowering (89%) (i.e. statins) and antiplatelet agent drugs (85%) (i.e. irreversible cyclooxygenase inhibitors, adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitors). Forty-three percent of the patients used antidiabetic (i.e. sulfonylureas, metformin, thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, meglitinides), 29% used vasodilator (i.e. hydralazine and minoxidil) and 20% used antidepressant drugs (i.e. sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Characteristics of peripheral artery disease patients according to gender (n = 174)</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="50%"/>
            <col width="50%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
							</th>
              <th align="center">Values</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age (years)</td>
              <td align="center">66.7 (9.0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Gender (% men)</td>
              <td align="center">61.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Still working (%)</td>
              <td align="center">20.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Time of disease diagnosis (yrs.)</td>
              <td align="center">7.9 (5.8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Ankle-brachial index</td>
              <td align="center">0.61 (0.18)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Claudication distance (m)<sup>&#8224;</sup></td>
              <td align="center">135.9 (82.4)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Six-minute walking distance (m)</td>
              <td align="center">326.6 (92.7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">WIQ distance (score)</td>
              <td align="center">22.7 (22.2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">WIQ speed (score)</td>
              <td align="center">23.2 (15.6)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">WIQ stairs (score)</td>
              <td align="center">30.7 (25.3)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">WELCH (score)</td>
              <td align="center">27.3 (19.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Comorbidities and risk factors</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Charlson index (score)</td>
              <td align="center">3.0 (1.7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Current smokers (%)</td>
              <td align="center">18.1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Hypertension (%)</td>
              <td align="center">88.9</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Dyslipidemia (%)</td>
              <td align="center">85.2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Diabetes (%)</td>
              <td align="center">52.4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Obesity (%)</td>
              <td align="center">28.6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Coronary artery disease (%)</td>
              <td align="center">34.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Heart failure (%)</td>
              <td align="center">13.6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Cancer (%)</td>
              <td align="center">14.9</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Medications</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Antihypertensive (%)</td>
              <td align="center">78</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Antidiabetic (%)</td>
              <td align="center">43</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Vasodilator (%)</td>
              <td align="center">29</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Lipid-lowering (%)</td>
              <td align="center">89</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Antiplatelet agent (%)</td>
              <td align="center">85</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Antidepressants (%)</td>
              <td align="center">20</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Medications</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Cardiac (%)</td>
              <td align="center">24</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Vascular (%)</td>
              <td align="center">12</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>WIQ: Walking Impairment Questionnaire; WELCH: Walking Estimated-Limitation Calculated by History.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref> depicts the distribution of time spent in sedentary, low-light, high-light and moderate/vigorous activities. Patients, aged between 43 and 96 years, spent in average 640 &#177; 121 min/day, 269 &#177; 94 min/day, 36 &#177; 27 min/day and 15 &#177; 16 min/day in sedentary, low-light, high-light and moderate/vigorous physical activities, respectively. Most patients (52.9%) spent less than 10 min in moderate/vigorous physical activities (sporadic, non-bouted) per day.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Time spent in sedentary, low light, high light and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) physical activities (PA).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-03-0410-90142-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref> depicts data about sedentary bouts (&lt; 100 counts), bouts of high light and MVPA (&#8805; 1041 counts) and bouts only of MVPA (&#8805; 1952 counts). Ninety percent of patients spent at least 10 bouts in sedentary behavior per day and, on average, the total duration of this bout was 413.7 &#177; 151.1 min/day. On the other hand, sedentary breaks lasted 174.4 &#177; 51.4 min/day. Thirty-one percent of patients did not accumulate 10 or more consecutive minutes a week, at least, in high-light physical activities. Considering only MVPA, 67.7% of patients did not accumulate 10 consecutive minutes (bouts) or more at this intensity of physical activity during a week. Among those patients who spent at least one bout of MVPA, the duration of this bout was 9.7 &#177; 9.6 min/day.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Total time spent in sedentary, high light or MVPA and MVPA bouts and sedentary breaks per week and per day in PAD patients (n = 174)</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="33%"/>
            <col width="33%"/>
            <col width="33%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Variable</th>
              <th align="center">In a week (mean &#177; SD)</th>
              <th align="center">In a day (mean &#177; SD)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total SED bouts</td>
              <td align="center">120.1 &#177; 32.6</td>
              <td align="center">17.2 &#177; 4.7</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total time in SED bouts (min)</td>
              <td align="center">2895.6 &#177; 1057.3</td>
              <td align="center">413.7 &#177; 151.1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total SED breaks</td>
              <td align="center">118.7 &#177; 32.6</td>
              <td align="center">17.0 &#177; 4.7</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total time in SED breaks (min)</td>
              <td align="center">8543.9 &#177; 2518.0</td>
              <td align="center">174.4 &#177; 51.4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total high light and MVPA bouts</td>
              <td align="center">5.7 &#177; 7.8</td>
              <td align="center">0.8 &#177; 1.1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total time in high light and MVPA bouts (min)</td>
              <td align="center">84.01 &#177; 123.8</td>
              <td align="center">12.1 &#177; 17.7</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total MVPA bouts</td>
              <td align="center">1.5 &#177; 3.1</td>
              <td align="center">0.22 &#177; 0.44</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total time in MVPA (min)</td>
              <td align="center">22.7 &#177; 50.3</td>
              <td align="center">3.2 &#177; 7.2</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <p>SED: sedentary; MVPA: moderate/vigorous physical activity.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>The prevalence of patients who achieved physical activity recommendations for the overall population (&#8805; 150 min/week of MVPA in bouts of 10 minutes or more) was only 3.4%. Stratifying by age (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>), this prevalence was 11.1% in those under 60 years old, 2.9% in those between 60 and 64 years old, and 1% in those over 65 years. No patients over 70 years old achieved the physical activity recommendations for the overall population.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Frequency of PAD patients who achieved the current physical activity recommendations according to age group.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-03-0410-90142-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref> shows crude and adjusted association between adherence to physical activity recommendations and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics in PAD patients. After adjustment for confounders, an inverse and significant association was observed between adherence to physical activity recommendation and age (OR = 0.867; p = 0.011), which means that for each year of life, the odds are ~13% less to meet the physical activity recommendations. Time of disease diagnosis, ABI and total walking distance were not associated with this adherence criterion (p &gt; 0.05).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Crude and adjusted association between adherence to physical activity recommendations and sociodemographic or clinical characteristics in PAD patients (n = 174)</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" rowspan="2">Variable</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Crude analysis</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Adjusted analysis<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center">OR (95%CI)</th>
              <th align="center">p</th>
              <th align="center">OR (95%CI)</th>
              <th align="center">p</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age</td>
              <td align="center">0.87 (0.79; 0.97)</td>
              <td align="center">0.01</td>
              <td align="center">0.88 (0.80; 0.98)</td>
              <td align="center">0.02</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Time of disease diagnosis</td>
              <td align="center">0.94 (0.78; 1.12)</td>
              <td align="center">0.46</td>
              <td align="center">0.98 (0.83; 1.16)</td>
              <td align="center">0.82</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Ankle-brachial index</td>
              <td align="center">0.19 (0.02; 153.41)</td>
              <td align="center">0.77</td>
              <td align="center">1.14 (0.07; 173.68)</td>
              <td align="center">0.96</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Six-minute walking distance</td>
              <td align="center">1.01 (0.99; 1.02)</td>
              <td align="center">0.12</td>
              <td align="center">1.00 (0.99; 1.02)</td>
              <td align="center">0.32</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN3">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Adjusted by age, time of the disease diagnosis, ankle brachial index, and six-minute walking distance.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>The main findings of the present study were: a) Brazilian PAD patients with intermittent claudication symptoms spent most part of the day in sedentary behaviors with a short time in MVPA; b) only 3.4% of the patients met the physical activity recommendations for the overall population; c) younger patients, regardless of clinical or physical factors, were more likely to meet the current physical activity recommendations for the overall population.</p>
      <p>The cutoff used in the present study considered, in addition to &#8220;sedentary&#8221; and &#8220;moderate-to-vigorous physical activity&#8221;, the &#8220;low-light&#8221; and &#8220;high-light&#8221; categories.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> This decision was based on the following aspects: a) light physical activities are the physical activities most often performed by the elderly, especially those with functional capacity limitations (i.e. patients with PAD); b) light physical activity was broadly unspecified to account for all activity between sedentary and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (100-1,951 counts/minute); c) the association between light physical activity and health parameters increases when those light physical activities with high energy expenditure (high-light physical activity), that are closer to the classification of moderate-to-vigorous physical activities than sedentary activities, are considered.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In the present study, our sample of PAD patients with intermittent claudication symptoms spent 640 min/day and 15 min/day in sedentary behavior and MVPA, respectively, which represents 66.7% and 1.5% of the waking hours of the day. This pattern is similar to that observed in patients with other cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> and stroke survivors.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> In these populations, sedentary behavior ranged from 576 min/day<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> to 606 min/day,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> while MVPA ranged from 8.6 min/day to 11.4 min/day. Interestingly, although pain symptoms (intermittent claudication) during exercise have been reported as a main barrier for physical activity practice in PAD patients,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> their physical activity patterns seem to be similar to cardiac patients without walking impairment. The current physical activity recommendation for the overall population includes 150 min/day of MVPA in bouts of at least 10 min. The results of this study indicated that a very small percentage (3.4%) of our sample met the current physical activity recommendations. These values are lower than those of previous studies generally carried out with adults (~10%),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> older adults (12%)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> and osteoarthritis patients (13% men and 8% women)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> who usually also have physical limitations. The reduced number of patients who met the physical activity recommendations could be explained by the difficulty of PAD patients to perform moderate and/or vigorous physical activities. In fact, as higher-intensity physical activities may precipitate the occurrence of intermittent claudication symptoms, PAD patients commonly perform lower-intensity physical activities to avoid the symptoms.</p>
      <p>In the present study, we also analyzed the frequency of patients who achieved the current physical activity recommendations according to age group. We observed that no patients over 70 years old met the current physical activity recommendations for the overall population. This result was confirmed by the multivariate analysis, which revealed that younger patients are more likely to achieve the current physical activity recommendations. These results are in accordance with previous studies carried out with a representative sample of adults from the United States<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> and with older adults in a population-based sample from Brazil,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> which showed an inverse relationship between age and the amount of time spent in MVPA physical activities. The decrease in physical activity with increasing age might be due to a worsening in physical functions associated with the presence of the comorbid conditions, leading to an increase in sedentary behavior and functional capacity impairment.</p>
      <p>The ABI, considered one of the best prognostic indexes in PAD,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> and walking capacity, a main clinical marker of PAD associated with endothelial function<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> inflammation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> and several clinical indicators,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> were not associated with the meeting of physical activity recommendations. These results are not surprising, since ABI<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> and walking capacity have been poorly associated with physical activity in patients with PAD.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Previous studies showed that low levels of physical activity and high levels of sedentary behavior were associated with several risk factors, such as high blood pressure,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> increased arterial stiffness,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> increased waist circumference and reduced HDL cholesterol,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref> in healthy and clinical populations. In symptomatic PAD patients, a study carried out by Garg et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref> reported that reduced physical activity was associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular events. In other words, patients who attempted to control or eliminate their intermittent claudication symptoms by reducing their physical activity, worsened their risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death. Thus, the finding of our study that the majority of PAD patients did not attain the current physical activity recommendations highlights the necessity of interventions to increase physical activity in these patients. Future studies are necessary to describe whether different forms of exercise, home-based programs or wearable physical activity monitors are more effective to help patients to attain the current physical activity recommendations.</p>
      <p>The present study has several limitations. Although the accelerometer has been considered a gold standard method to measure physical activities in free-living conditions, it was not possible to measure the type and the context in which the physical activity was performed, which hinders the analysis of what kind of activities were most often performed by these patients. In addition, the accelerometer does not assess physical activities such as water gymnastics and resistance training, which are commonly performed by elderly patients, and could underestimate the real physical activity levels of our sample. Given that there are no specific physical activity recommendation for PAD patients, we employed the current physical activity recommendations for the overall population. However, whether this approach is ideal for PAD patients is unknown. The study was performed in S&#227;o Paulo, Brazil, and our results may not be extrapolated to other patients with different cultures and lifestyle. We did not include a matched overall population group to compare the prevalence of physical activity between non-PAD and PAD patients. Finally, we did not analyze the type of physical activity performed by these patients, or the difference in physical activities over the year. Some patients assessed during colder/rainier months could be less active than those assessed in the summer months.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>This study showed that the pattern of physical activity of Brazilian PAD patients with intermittent claudication symptoms are characterized by a high amount of time spent in sedentary behavior and a low engagement in MVPA, with only 3.4% of these patients meeting the current physical activity recommendations for the overall population. Moreover, younger patients, regardless of clinical and functional factors, are more likely to meet the current physical activity recommendations.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was funded by CNPq-409707/2016-3. Coordena&#231;&#227;o de aperfei&#231;oamento do ensino superior - CAPES</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein under the protocol number CAAE: 42379015.3.0000.0071. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>N&#237;veis de Atividade F&#237;sica Em Pacientes Com Doen&#231;a Arterial Perif&#233;rica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gerage</surname>
            <given-names>Aline Mendes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Correia</surname>
            <given-names>Marilia de Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Mesquita Longano de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Palmeira</surname>
            <given-names>Aline Cabral</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1638-6465</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Domingues</surname>
            <given-names>Wagner Jorge Ribeiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Zeratti</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#244;nio Eduardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">5</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Puech-Le&#227;o,</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">5</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wolosker</surname>
            <given-names>Nelson</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7883-6746</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ritti-Dias</surname>
            <given-names>Raphael Mendes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cucato</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriel Grizzo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - Departamento de Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica, Florian&#243;polis, SC - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Nove de Julho, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Parintins, AM - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff10">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Clinicas, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Raphael Mendes Ritti-Dias</bold> Universidade Nove de Julho - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Reabilita&#231;&#227;o - Rua Vergueiro, 235. CEP 01504-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil E-mail: <email>raphaelritti@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Zeratti AE, Puech-Le&#227;o P, Wolosker N, Ritti-Dias RM, Cucato GG; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Correia MA, Oliveira PML, Palmeira AC, Domingues WJR; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Gerage AM; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Gerage AM, Correia MA, Ritti-Dias RM, Cucato GG; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Gerage AM, Correia MA, Oliveira PML, Palmeira AC, Domingues WJR, Ritti-Dias RM; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Zeratti AE, Puech-Le&#227;o P, Wolosker N, Cucato GG.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>Aumentos nos n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica di&#225;ria s&#227;o recomendados para pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica (DAP). No entanto, apesar dessa recomenda&#231;&#227;o, pouco se sabe sobre os padr&#245;es de atividade f&#237;sica dos pacientes com DAP.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Descrever os padr&#245;es de atividade f&#237;sica de pacientes com DAP sintom&#225;tica.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Este estudo transversal incluiu 174 pacientes com DAP com sintomas de claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente. Os pacientes foram submetidos a avalia&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas, hemodin&#226;micas e funcionais. A atividade f&#237;sica foi objetivamente medida por um aceler&#244;metro, e o tempo gasto em atividades sedent&#225;rias, de baixa intensidade, de alta intensidade e atividade f&#237;sica moderada-a-vigorosa (AFMV) foi obtido. A an&#225;lise descritiva foi realizada para resumir os dados dos pacientes e a regress&#227;o log&#237;stica bin&#225;ria foi utilizada para testar as associa&#231;&#245;es brutas e ajustadas entre a ades&#227;o &#224; recomenda&#231;&#227;o de atividade f&#237;sica e os fatores sociodemogr&#225;ficos e cl&#237;nicos. Para todas as an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas, a signific&#226;ncia foi estabelecida em p &lt; 0,05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Os pacientes gastaram em m&#233;dia 640 &#177; 121 min/dia, 269 &#177; 94 min / dia, 36 &#177; 27 min/dia e 15 &#177; 16 min/dia em atividades sedent&#225;rias, de baixa intensidade, alta intensidade e AFMV, respectivamente. A preval&#234;ncia de pacientes que atingiram as recomenda&#231;&#245;es de atividade f&#237;sica foi de 3,4%. Ap&#243;s ajuste para fatores de confus&#227;o, observou-se associa&#231;&#227;o inversa significativa entre ades&#227;o &#224; recomenda&#231;&#227;o de atividade f&#237;sica e idade (OR = 0,925; p = 0,004), enquanto tempo de doen&#231;a, ITB e dist&#226;ncia total de caminhada n&#227;o se associaram a esse crit&#233;rio de ades&#227;o (p&gt; 0,05).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>Os padr&#245;es de atividade f&#237;sica dos pacientes com DAP s&#227;o caracterizados por uma grande quantidade de tempo gasto em comportamentos sedent&#225;rios e um baixo envolvimento na AFMV. Pacientes mais jovens, independentemente dos fatores cl&#237;nicos e funcionais, apresentaram maior probabilidade de atender &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es atuais de atividade f&#237;sica.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Atividade Motora</kwd>
        <kwd>Exerc&#237;cio</kwd>
        <kwd>Caminhada</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Arterial Perif&#233;rica</kwd>
        <kwd>Claudica&#231;&#227;o Intermitente</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>CNPq</funding-source>
          <award-id>CNPq-409707/2016-3</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <funding-statement>O presente estudo foi financiado pelo CNPq-409707/2016-3. Coordena&#231;&#227;o de aperfei&#231;oamento do ensino superior - CAPES</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica (DAP) e sintomas de claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente apresentam comprometimento da marcha, v&#225;rias comorbidades e aumento do risco cardiovascular,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> devido &#224;s caracter&#237;sticas e gravidade da doen&#231;a. O treinamento f&#237;sico supervisionado tem sido considerado um marco na abordagem cl&#237;nica terap&#234;utica em pacientes com DAP,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> pois melhora v&#225;rios componentes da fun&#231;&#227;o f&#237;sica e da qualidade de vida.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Da mesma forma, tamb&#233;m foram relatados efeitos positivos de programas domiciliares de exerc&#237;cios monitorados por dispositivo para melhorar a capacidade de caminhada nesses pacientes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Entretanto, essas interven&#231;&#245;es est&#227;o dispon&#237;veis para um n&#250;mero restrito de pacientes, limitando a aplicabilidade no contexto de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica. Portanto, recomenda&#231;&#245;es para aumentar os n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica continuam sendo a abordagem mais utilizada na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.</p>
        <p>As recomenda&#231;&#245;es atuais de atividade f&#237;sica para a popula&#231;&#227;o em geral, incluindo pacientes com DAP, consistem em praticar pelo menos 150 minutos de atividade f&#237;sica moderada ou 75 minutos de atividades f&#237;sicas vigorosas ou uma combina&#231;&#227;o equivalente de atividades f&#237;sicas moderadas a vigorosas (AFMV) por semana.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Al&#233;m disso, tem sido recomendado que a AFMV seja realizada em sess&#245;es com dura&#231;&#227;o m&#237;nima de 10 minutos.<sup>(8 )</sup>Surpreendentemente, n&#227;o h&#225; dados que indiquem o n&#250;mero de pacientes com DAP sintom&#225;tica que atingem essas recomenda&#231;&#245;es de atividade f&#237;sica. Como a maioria dos pacientes com DAP sintom&#225;tica &#233; mais velha, tem v&#225;rias comorbidades e os sintomas de claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente s&#227;o a principal barreira para a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica nesses pacientes,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> limitando a capacidade funcional e de caminhada, espera-se que apenas uma pequena porcentagem dos pacientes atingiriam os n&#237;veis recomendados de atividade f&#237;sica.</p>
        <p>Assim, este estudo objetivou descrever o padr&#227;o de atividade f&#237;sica de pacientes brasileiros com DAP e sintomas de claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente de acordo com as recomenda&#231;&#245;es para pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica, fornecendo informa&#231;&#245;es objetivas sobre o tempo gasto em comportamento sedent&#225;rio, atividade f&#237;sica leve e AFMV. Al&#233;m disso, testamos a associa&#231;&#227;o entre ades&#227;o &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es de atividade f&#237;sica e fatores sociodemogr&#225;ficos e cl&#237;nicos em pacientes brasileiros com DAP sintom&#225;tica.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Desenho do estudo e quest&#245;es &#233;ticas</title>
          <p>Este estudo descritivo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica Local. Antes da coleta de dados, os pacientes foram informados sobre os procedimentos metodol&#243;gicos e log&#237;sticos necess&#225;rios para participar do estudo, bem como os riscos e benef&#237;cios, e assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e informado antes da participa&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Participantes</title>
          <p>A amostra geral consistiu em pacientes com DAP sintom&#225;tica, recrutados em um centro terci&#225;rio especializado em doen&#231;a vascular, entre setembro de 2015 e novembro de 2017. O centro terci&#225;rio &#233; uma unidade espec&#237;fica criada para tratar pacientes com DAP com sintomas de claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente. L&#225;, os m&#233;dicos instruem os pacientes a: parar de fumar, controlar seus fatores de risco e aumentar seus n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica. No presente estudo, nenhuma instru&#231;&#227;o adicional foi dada, e os pacientes foram solicitados a manter sua atividade f&#237;sica de rotina. Para serem inclu&#237;dos no presente estudo, os pacientes deveriam: ter DAP (Fontaine Est&#225;gio II), &#237;ndice tornozelo-braquial (ITB) &lt;0,90 em uma ou ambas as pernas e realizar o teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6M). Pacientes com vasos n&#227;o compress&#237;veis, membros amputados e/ou &#250;lceras, diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;vio de dist&#250;rbios neurol&#243;gicos ou psiqui&#225;tricos, ou aqueles classificados como analfabetos foram exclu&#237;dos.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Medidas</title>
          <sec>
            <title>Dados cl&#237;nicos</title>
            <p>Foi realizada uma entrevista presencial padronizada, incluindo avalia&#231;&#227;o de informa&#231;&#245;es sociais e demogr&#225;ficas, condi&#231;&#245;es de comorbidade (auto-relatadas) e medicamentos. As vari&#225;veis sociais e demogr&#225;ficas inclu&#237;ram idade e sexo (masculino ou feminino). O tempo de diagn&#243;stico da doen&#231;a foi obtido atrav&#233;s da pergunta &#8220;<italic>H&#225; quanto tempo voc&#234; tem a doen&#231;a</italic>?&#8221;. Dados sobre tabagismo (ex- fumante ou fumante atual, ou n&#227;o-fumante), obesidade (&#237;ndice de massa corporal &#8805; 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), diabetes (com diagn&#243;stico m&#233;dico ou medicamentos hipoglicemiantes), hipertens&#227;o (press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica /diast&#243;lica &gt;140/90 mmHg ou uso de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos), dislipidemia (uso de medica&#231;&#227;o hipolipemiante ou com diagn&#243;stico m&#233;dico), doen&#231;a coronariana, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e hist&#243;ria de c&#226;ncer (auto-relatada ou an&#225;lise de prontu&#225;rios) foram obtidos.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Gravidade da doen&#231;a</title>
            <p>A gravidade da DAP foi obtida pelo c&#225;lculo do ITB de acordo com as diretrizes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Todas as medidas foram realizadas por um &#250;nico avaliador treinado, utilizando o Doppler vascular (Medmega DV160, Brasil) e um esfigmoman&#244;metro aneroide.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Capacidade de caminhada</title>
            <p>O TC6M foi realizado em um corredor de 30 metros de comprimento, seguindo o protocolo descrito anteriormente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> Resumidamente, os pacientes foram instru&#237;dos a completar o maior n&#250;mero poss&#237;vel de voltas. Os pacientes foram encorajados a &#8220;caminhar no ritmo habitual por seis minutos e cobrir o m&#225;ximo de terreno poss&#237;vel&#8221;. Os pacientes foram informados de que poderiam descansar, se necess&#225;rio. No final de cada minuto, os pacientes receberam <italic>feedback</italic> sobre o tempo decorrido e incentivo padronizado na forma de frases como &#8220;voc&#234; est&#225; indo bem, continue assim&#8221; e &#8220;fa&#231;a o melhor que puder&#8221;. A dist&#226;ncia total de caminhada foi definida como a dist&#226;ncia m&#225;xima que o paciente foi capaz de andar durante o teste, com ou sem dor nas pernas. Al&#233;m disso, a capacidade ambulatorial auto-relatada foi avaliada utilizando as vers&#245;es brasileiras do <italic>Walking Impairment Questionnaire</italic> (WIQ)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> e o question&#225;rio Walking Estimated-Limitation Calculated by History (WELCH).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
						</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Atividade f&#237;sica mensurada objetivamente</title>
            <p>A atividade f&#237;sica foi avaliada utilizando-se um aceler&#244;metro triaxial GT3X + (Actigraph, Pensacola, FL, EUA). Cada participante foi instru&#237;do a utilizar o aceler&#244;metro por sete dias consecutivos, removendo-o apenas para dormir, tomar banho ou realizar atividades na &#225;gua. O dispositivo ficava preso a um cinto el&#225;stico, fixado no lado direito do quadril. A redu&#231;&#227;o de dados foi realizada utilizando-se o software Actilife, vers&#227;o 6.02 (Actigraph, Pensacola, FL, EUA), com frequ&#234;ncia de amostragem de 60Hz e &#233;pocas de 60s. Per&#237;odos com valores consecutivos de zero por 60 minutos ou mais foram interpretados como &#8220;aceler&#244;metro n&#227;o usado&#8221; e exclu&#237;dos da an&#225;lise. Os dados de atividade f&#237;sica foram inclu&#237;dos somente se o participante tivesse acumulado um m&#237;nimo de 10 horas/dia de grava&#231;&#227;o por pelo menos quatro dias, incluindo um dia de final de semana. A m&#233;dia do tempo total despendido em cada intensidade de atividade f&#237;sica foi calculada utilizando os pontos de corte espec&#237;ficos para idosos,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> adaptados por Buman et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> considerando-se o tempo sedent&#225;rio (SED) como 0-99 counts/min; atividade f&#237;sica leve de baixa intensidade como 100-1040 counts/min, atividade f&#237;sica leve de alta intensidade como 1041-1951 counts/min e AFMV como &#8805;1952 contagens/min utilizando o eixo vertical, e analisadas em min/dia, ajustando para o tempo e n&#250;mero de dias em que o dispositivo foi usado. O tempo total gasto em sess&#245;es SED e o tempo gasto em sess&#245;es de pelo menos atividades leves de alta intensidade e AFMV foram analisados pela soma dos minutos gastos em SED, atividades f&#237;sicas de alta intensidade e AFMV, respectivamente, em per&#237;odos com dura&#231;&#227;o &#8805;10 minutos. Al&#233;m disso, calculou-se o percentual de pacientes que atenderam as recomenda&#231;&#245;es atuais de atividade f&#237;sica (&#8805; 150 min/semana) considerando as sess&#245;es de AFMV.</p>
          </sec>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>O tamanho da amostra foi calculado estimando-se um tamanho de efeito de 0,3 na an&#225;lise qui-quadrada, considerando um erro alfa de 5% e um poder de 80%. O tamanho da amostra necess&#225;rio para o estudo foi de 143 participantes. Os dados foram armazenados e analisados utilizando-se o software estat&#237;stico <italic>Statistical Package for the Social Sciences</italic> (SPSS, vers&#227;o 17.0, SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). A an&#225;lise descritiva foi realizada para resumir os dados dos pacientes utilizando m&#233;dia, desvio padr&#227;o (DP) ou distribui&#231;&#227;o de frequ&#234;ncia (absoluta e relativa), conforme apropriado. A regress&#227;o log&#237;stica bin&#225;ria foi utilizada para testar a associa&#231;&#227;o bruta e ajustada (idade, tempo de diagn&#243;stico da doen&#231;a, ITB e dist&#226;ncia caminhada em seis minutos) entre a ades&#227;o &#224; recomenda&#231;&#227;o de atividade f&#237;sica e os dados sociodemogr&#225;ficos e fatores cl&#237;nicos. Os resultados s&#227;o expressos como <italic>odds ratios</italic> (OR) e seus respectivos intervalos de confian&#231;a de 95% (IC95%). Para todas as an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas, a signific&#226;ncia foi estabelecida em p &lt; 0,05.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>As caracter&#237;sticas gerais dos pacientes s&#227;o mostradas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 1</xref>. A m&#233;dia de idade de todos os pacientes foi de 66,7 &#177; 9,0 anos e, em m&#233;dia, os pacientes tinham doen&#231;a moderada (ITB: 0,61 &#177; 0,18). A maioria dos pacientes tinha hipertens&#227;o (88,9%), dislipidemia (85,2%) e diabetes (52,4%) e utilizavam anti-hipertensivos (78%) (diur&#233;ticos tiaz&#237;dicos, bloqueadores dos canais de c&#225;lcio, inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina, antagonistas dos receptores da angiotensina II, beta- bloqueadores), hipolipemiantes (89%) (por ex., estatinas) e agentes antiplaquet&#225;rios (85%) (por ex., inibidores irrevers&#237;veis da ciclooxigenase, inibidores do receptor da adenosina difosfato). Quarenta e tr&#234;s por cento dos pacientes usavam medicamentos hipoglicemiantes (sulfonilureias, metformina, tiazolidinedionas, inibidores de alfa-glicosidase, meglitinidas), 29% utilizavam vasodilatadores (hidralazina e Minoxidil) e 20% utilizavam antidepressivos (por exemplo, sertralina, fluoxetina, citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetina).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas dos pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica de acordo com o sexo (n = 174).</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="50%"/>
              <col width="50%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
								</th>
                <th align="center">Valores</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade (anos)</td>
                <td align="center">66,7 (9,0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sexo (% homens)</td>
                <td align="center">61,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ainda trabalhando (%)</td>
                <td align="center">20,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo de diagn&#243;stico de doen&#231;a (anos)</td>
                <td align="center">7,9 (5,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#205;ndice tornozelo-braquial</td>
                <td align="center">0,61 (0,18)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Claudica&#231;&#227;o dist&#226;ncia (m)<sup>&#8224;</sup></td>
                <td align="center">135,9 (82,4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dist&#226;ncia no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (m)</td>
                <td align="center">326,6 (92,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Distancia no WIQ (escore)</td>
                <td align="center">22,7 (22,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Velocidade no WIQ (escore)</td>
                <td align="center">23,2 (15,6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Escadas no WIQ (escore)</td>
                <td align="center">30,7 (25,3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Teste WELCH (escore)</td>
                <td align="center">27,3 (19,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Comorbidades e fatores de risco</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#205;ndice de Charlson (escore)</td>
                <td align="center">3,0 (1,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Fumantes atuais (%)</td>
                <td align="center">18,1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o (%)</td>
                <td align="center">88,9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dislipidemia (%)</td>
                <td align="center">85,2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diabetes (%)</td>
                <td align="center">52,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Obesidade (%)</td>
                <td align="center">28,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Doen&#231;a arterial coron&#225;ria (%)</td>
                <td align="center">34,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (%)</td>
                <td align="center">13,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">C&#226;ncer (%)</td>
                <td align="center">14,9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Medicamentos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Anti-hipertensivos (%)</td>
                <td align="center">78</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Antidiab&#233;ticos (%)</td>
                <td align="center">43</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Vasodilatadores (%)</td>
                <td align="center">29</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipolipemiantes (%)</td>
                <td align="center">89</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Agentes antiplaquet&#225;rios (%)</td>
                <td align="center">85</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Antidepressivos (%)</td>
                <td align="center">20</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Medicamentos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Card&#237;acos (%)</td>
                <td align="center">24</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Vasculares (%)</td>
                <td align="center">12</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <p>WIQ: Walking Impairment Questionnaire; WELCH: Walking Estimated-Limitation Calculated by History.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref> mostra a distribui&#231;&#227;o do tempo gasto em atividades sedent&#225;rias, leve de baixa intensidade, leve de alta intensidade e moderada / vigorosa. Os pacientes, com idade entre 43 e 96 anos, gastaram em m&#233;dia 640 &#177; 121 min/dia, 269 &#177; 94 min/dia, 36 &#177; 27 min/dia e 15 &#177; 16 min/dia em atividades sedent&#225;rias, de baixa intensidade, de alta intensidade e atividades f&#237;sicas moderadas/vigorosas, respectivamente. A maioria dos pacientes (52,9%) gastou menos de 10 minutos em atividades f&#237;sicas moderadas/vigorosas (espor&#225;dicas, sem sess&#245;es) por dia.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f3">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Tempo gasto em atividades sedent&#225;rias, atividades f&#237;sicas de baixa intensidade, de alta intensidade e atividade f&#237;sica moderada-a-vigorosa (AFMV).</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-03-0410-90142-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 2</xref> mostra os dados sobre as sess&#245;es sedent&#225;rias (&lt;100 counts), sess&#245;es de alta intensidade e AFMV (&#8805; 1041 counts) e sess&#245;es apenas de AFMV (&#8805; 1952 counts). Noventa por cento dos pacientes tiveram pelo menos 10 sess&#245;es de comportamento sedent&#225;rio por dia e, em m&#233;dia, a dura&#231;&#227;o total dessa sess&#227;o foi de 413,7 &#177; 151,1 min/dia. Por outro lado, os intervalos sedent&#225;rios duraram 174,4 &#177; 51,4 min/dia. Trinta e um por cento dos pacientes n&#227;o acumularam 10 ou mais minutos consecutivos por semana, pelo menos, em atividades f&#237;sicas leves de alta intensidade. Considerando apenas as AFMV, 67,7% dos pacientes n&#227;o acumularam 10 minutos consecutivos (sess&#245;es) ou mais nesta intensidade de atividade f&#237;sica durante uma semana. Entre os pacientes que tiveram pelo menos uma sess&#227;o de AFMV, a dura&#231;&#227;o dessa sess&#227;o foi de 9,7 &#177; 9,6 min/dia.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Tempo total gasto em atividades sedent&#225;rias, de alta intensidade ou AFMV e sess&#245;es de AFMV e intervalos sedent&#225;rios por semana e por dia em pacientes com DAP (n = 174)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="33%"/>
              <col width="33%"/>
              <col width="33%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                <th align="center">Em uma semana (m&#233;dia &#177; DP)</th>
                <th align="center">Em um dia (m&#233;dia &#177; DP)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Total de sess&#245;es de atividades SED</td>
                <td align="center">120,1 &#177; 32,6</td>
                <td align="center">17,2 &#177; 4,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo total em sess&#245;es SED (min)</td>
                <td align="center">2895,6 &#177; 1057,3</td>
                <td align="center">413,7 &#177; 151,1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Total de intervalos SED</td>
                <td align="center">118,7 &#177; 32,6</td>
                <td align="center">17,0 &#177; 4,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo total em intervalos SED (min)</td>
                <td align="center">8543,9 &#177; 2518,0</td>
                <td align="center">174,4 &#177; 51,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Total de sess&#245;es de alta intensidade e AFMV</td>
                <td align="center">5,7 &#177; 7,8</td>
                <td align="center">0,8 &#177; 1,1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo total em sess&#245;es de alta intensidade e AFMV (min)</td>
                <td align="center">84,01 &#177; 123,8</td>
                <td align="center">12,1 &#177; 17,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Total de sess&#245;es de AFMV</td>
                <td align="center">1,5 &#177; 3,1</td>
                <td align="center">0,22 &#177; 0,44</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo total em AFMV (min)</td>
                <td align="center">22,7 &#177; 50,3</td>
                <td align="center">3,2 &#177; 7,2</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN5">
              <p>SED: sedent&#225;rias (os); AFMV: atividade f&#237;sica moderada/vigorosa.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>A preval&#234;ncia de pacientes que alcan&#231;aram as recomenda&#231;&#245;es de atividade f&#237;sica para a popula&#231;&#227;o em geral (&#8805; 150 min/semana de AFMV em sess&#245;es de 10 minutos ou mais) foi de apenas 3,4%. Estratificando-se por idade (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>), essa preval&#234;ncia foi de 11,1% em pessoas com menos de 60 anos, 2,9% naqueles entre 60 e 64 anos e 1% naqueles com mais de 65 anos. Nenhum paciente com mais de 70 anos alcan&#231;ou as recomenda&#231;&#245;es de atividade f&#237;sica para a popula&#231;&#227;o em geral.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f4">
            <label>Figura 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Frequ&#234;ncia de pacientes com DAP que atingiram as recomenda&#231;&#245;es atuais de atividade f&#237;sica de acordo com a faixa et&#225;ria.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-03-0410-90142-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 3</xref> mostra a associa&#231;&#227;o bruta e ajustada entre ades&#227;o &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es de atividade f&#237;sica e caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas em pacientes com DAP. Ap&#243;s ajuste para fatores de confus&#227;o, foi observada uma associa&#231;&#227;o inversa e significante entre a ades&#227;o &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es de atividade f&#237;sica e a idade (OR = 0,867; p = 0,011), o que significa que para cada ano de vida, as chances s&#227;o aproximadamente 13% menores de atingir as recomenda&#231;&#245;es de atividade f&#237;sica. O tempo de diagn&#243;stico da doen&#231;a, o ITB e a dist&#226;ncia total de caminhada n&#227;o foram associados a ades&#227;o deste crit&#233;rio (p &gt; 0,05).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Associa&#231;&#227;o bruta e ajustada entre ades&#227;o &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es de atividade f&#237;sica e caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas ou cl&#237;nicas em pacientes com DAP (n = 174)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">An&#225;lise bruta</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">An&#225;lise ajustada<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">*</xref>
								</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">OR (IC95%)</th>
                <th align="center">p</th>
                <th align="center">OR (IC95%)</th>
                <th align="center">p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade</td>
                <td align="center">0,87 (0,79; 0,97)</td>
                <td align="center">0,01</td>
                <td align="center">0,88 (0,80; 0,98)</td>
                <td align="center">0,02</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo de diagn&#243;stico da doen&#231;a</td>
                <td align="center">0,94 (0,78; 1,12)</td>
                <td align="center">0,46</td>
                <td align="center">0,98 (0,83; 1,16)</td>
                <td align="center">0,82</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#205;ndice tornozelo-braquial</td>
                <td align="center">0,19 (0,02; 153,41)</td>
                <td align="center">0,77</td>
                <td align="center">1,14 (0,07; 173,68)</td>
                <td align="center">0,96</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dist&#226;ncia caminhada no teste de seis minutos</td>
                <td align="center">1,01 (0,99; 1,02)</td>
                <td align="center">0,12</td>
                <td align="center">1,00 (0,99; 1,02)</td>
                <td align="center">0,32</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN6">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Ajustado por idade, tempo de diagn&#243;stico da doen&#231;a, &#237;ndice tornozelo-braquial e dist&#226;ncia de caminhada no teste de seis minutos.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Os principais achados do presente estudo foram: a) pacientes portadores de DAP com sintomas de claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente passavam a maior parte do dia em comportamentos sedent&#225;rios com pouco tempo em AFMV; b) apenas 3,4% dos pacientes atendiam as recomenda&#231;&#245;es de atividade f&#237;sica para a popula&#231;&#227;o em geral; c) pacientes mais jovens, independentemente de fatores cl&#237;nicos ou f&#237;sicos, tinham maior probabilidade de atender &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es atuais de atividade f&#237;sica para a popula&#231;&#227;o em geral.</p>
        <p>O ponto de corte utilizado no presente estudo considerou, al&#233;m das categorias &#8220;sedent&#225;rio&#8221; e &#8220;atividade f&#237;sica moderada a vigorosa&#8221;, as categorias &#8220;baixa intensidade&#8221; e &#8220;alta intensidade&#8221;.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Essa decis&#227;o baseou-se nos seguintes aspectos: a) atividades f&#237;sicas leves s&#227;o as atividades f&#237;sicas mais realizadas pelos idosos, principalmente aqueles com limita&#231;&#245;es de capacidade funcional (por ex., pacientes com DPA); b) a atividade f&#237;sica leve foi amplamente n&#227;o-especificada para representar toda as atividades entre atividades sedent&#225;rias e atividade f&#237;sica moderada a vigorosa (100-1.951 contagens/minuto); c) a associa&#231;&#227;o entre atividade f&#237;sica leve e os par&#226;metros de sa&#250;de aumenta quando s&#227;o consideradas aquelas atividades f&#237;sicas leves com alto gasto de energia (atividade f&#237;sica leve de alta intensidade), que se aproximam mais da classifica&#231;&#227;o de AFMV do que de atividades sedent&#225;rias.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
				</p>
        <p>No presente estudo, nossa amostra de pacientes com DAP com sintomas de claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente gastou 640 min/dia e 15 min/dia em comportamento sedent&#225;rio e AFMV, respectivamente, o que representa 66,7% e 1,5% das horas de vig&#237;lia do dia. Esse padr&#227;o &#233; semelhante ao observado em pacientes com outras doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, incluindo doen&#231;a coronariana, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> e sobreviventes de AVC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Nessas popula&#231;&#245;es, o comportamento sedent&#225;rio variou de 576 min/dia<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> a 606 min/dia,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> enquanto a AFMV variou de 8,6 min/dia a 11,4 min/dia. Curiosamente, embora os sintomas de dor (claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente) durante o exerc&#237;cio tenham sido relatados como uma das barreiras principais para a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica em pacientes com DAP,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> seus padr&#245;es de atividade f&#237;sica parecem ser semelhantes aos dos pacientes card&#237;acos sem comprometimento da marcha. As recomenda&#231;&#245;es atuais de atividade f&#237;sica para a popula&#231;&#227;o em geral incluem 150 min/dia de AFMV em sess&#245;es com pelo menos 10 minutos de dura&#231;&#227;o. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que uma porcentagem muito pequena (3,4%) da nossa amostra atendeu &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es atuais de atividade f&#237;sica. Esses valores s&#227;o inferiores aos de estudos anteriores, geralmente realizados com adultos (~ 10%),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> idosos (12%)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> e pacientes com osteoartrite (13% homens e 8% mulheres),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> que geralmente tamb&#233;m apresentam limita&#231;&#245;es f&#237;sicas.</p>
        <p>O n&#250;mero reduzido de pacientes que atenderam &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es de atividade f&#237;sica poderia ser explicado pela dificuldade dos pacientes com DAP em realizar atividades f&#237;sicas moderadas e/ou vigorosas. De fato, como as atividades f&#237;sicas de maior intensidade podem precipitar a ocorr&#234;ncia de sintomas de claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente, os pacientes com DAP geralmente realizam atividades f&#237;sicas de menor intensidade para evitar os sintomas.</p>
        <p>No presente estudo, tamb&#233;m analisamos a frequ&#234;ncia de pacientes que atingiram as recomenda&#231;&#245;es atuais de atividade f&#237;sica de acordo com a faixa et&#225;ria. Observamos que nenhum paciente acima de 70 anos atendeu as recomenda&#231;&#245;es atuais de atividade f&#237;sica para a popula&#231;&#227;o em geral. Este resultado foi confirmado pela an&#225;lise multivariada, que revelou que os pacientes mais jovens s&#227;o mais propensos a alcan&#231;ar as recomenda&#231;&#245;es atuais de atividade f&#237;sica. Esses resultados est&#227;o de acordo com estudos anteriores realizados com uma amostra representativa de adultos dos Estados Unidos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> e com idosos em uma amostra de base populacional do Brasil,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> que demonstrou uma rela&#231;&#227;o inversa entre a idade e a quantidade de tempo gasto em AFMV. A diminui&#231;&#227;o da atividade f&#237;sica com o aumento da idade pode ser devido a uma piora nas fun&#231;&#245;es f&#237;sicas associadas &#224; presen&#231;a das comorbidades, levando ao aumento do comportamento sedent&#225;rio e ao comprometimento da capacidade funcional.</p>
        <p>O ITB, considerado um dos melhores &#237;ndices progn&#243;sticos na DAP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> e capacidade de caminhada, um importante marcador cl&#237;nico de DAP associado &#224; fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> inflama&#231;&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> e v&#225;rios indicadores cl&#237;nicos,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> n&#227;o se associaram ao atendimento das recomenda&#231;&#245;es de atividade f&#237;sica. Esses resultados n&#227;o s&#227;o surpreendentes, uma vez que o ITB<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> e a capacidade de caminhada t&#234;m sido pouco associados &#224; atividade f&#237;sica em pacientes com DAP.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Estudos anteriores mostraram que baixos n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica e altos n&#237;veis de comportamento sedent&#225;rio estavam associados a v&#225;rios fatores de risco, como press&#227;o arterial elevada,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> rigidez arterial aumentada,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> circunfer&#234;ncia abdominal aumentada e n&#237;veis de HDL-colesterol reduzido,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref> em popula&#231;&#245;es saud&#225;veis e cl&#237;nicas.</p>
        <p>Em pacientes com DAP sintom&#225;tica, um estudo realizado por Garg et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref> relatou que a atividade f&#237;sica reduzida estava associada ao aumento da mortalidade e eventos cardiovasculares. Em outras palavras, pacientes que tentaram controlar ou eliminar seus sintomas de claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente ao reduzir sua atividade f&#237;sica, pioraram o risco de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio, acidente vascular cerebral e morte. Assim, o achado de nosso estudo de que a maioria dos pacientes com DAP n&#227;o atingiu as recomenda&#231;&#245;es atuais de atividade f&#237;sica destaca a necessidade de interven&#231;&#245;es para aumentar a atividade f&#237;sica nesses pacientes. Estudos futuros s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para verificar se as diferentes formas de exerc&#237;cio, programas domiciliares ou monitores pessoais de atividade f&#237;sica s&#227;o mais eficazes para ajudar os pacientes a atingir as recomenda&#231;&#245;es atuais de atividade f&#237;sica.</p>
        <p>O presente estudo tem v&#225;rias limita&#231;&#245;es. Embora o aceler&#244;metro tenha sido considerado um m&#233;todo padr&#227;o-ouro para medir atividades f&#237;sicas em condi&#231;&#245;es de vida livre, n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel medir o tipo e o contexto em que a atividade f&#237;sica foi realizada, o que dificulta a an&#225;lise de que tipos de atividades foram mais frequentemente realizadas por esses pacientes. Al&#233;m disso, o aceler&#244;metro n&#227;o avalia atividades f&#237;sicas como a hidrogin&#225;stica e treinamento de resist&#234;ncia, que s&#227;o comumente realizadas por pacientes idosos, e pode ter subestimado os n&#237;veis reais de atividade f&#237;sica de nossa amostra. Como n&#227;o h&#225; recomenda&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica de atividade f&#237;sica para pacientes com DAP, utilizamos as recomenda&#231;&#245;es atuais de atividade f&#237;sica para a popula&#231;&#227;o em geral. No entanto, ainda n&#227;o se sabe se esta abordagem &#233; a ideal para pacientes com DAP.</p>
        <p>O estudo foi realizado em S&#227;o Paulo, Brasil, e nossos resultados n&#227;o podem ser extrapolados para outros pacientes com diferentes culturas e estilos de vida. N&#227;o inclu&#237;mos um grupo populacional global pareado para comparar a preval&#234;ncia de atividade f&#237;sica entre os pacientes n&#227;o-PAD e PAD. Por fim, n&#227;o analisamos o tipo de atividade f&#237;sica realizada por esses pacientes ou a diferen&#231;a de atividades f&#237;sicas ao longo do ano. Alguns pacientes avaliados em meses mais frios/chuvosos podem ter sido menos ativos do que aqueles avaliados nos meses de ver&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Este estudo demonstrou que o padr&#227;o de atividade f&#237;sica de pacientes brasileiros com DAP e sintomas de claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente &#233; caracterizado pelo alto tempo gasto em comportamento sedent&#225;rio e baixo envolvimento em AFMV, sendo que apenas 3,4% desses pacientes atendem &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es atuais de atividade f&#237;sica para a popula&#231;&#227;o em geral. Al&#233;m disso, os pacientes mais jovens, independentemente de fatores cl&#237;nicos e funcionais, s&#227;o mais propensos a atender &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es atuais de atividade f&#237;sica.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo foi financiado pelo CNPq-409707/2016-3. Coordena&#231;&#227;o de aperfei&#231;oamento do ensino superior - CAPES</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo CAAE: 42379015.3.0000.0071. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
