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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">d8vCnRdFrS9DrpRq7TsXj5G</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000900383</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2019005014101</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190143</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Prevalence of Systemic Arterial Hypertension in Quilombola Communities, State of Sergipe, Brazil</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Deyse Mirelle Souza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Prado</surname>
            <given-names>Beatriz Santana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Cristiane Costa da Cunha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0622-6257</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida-Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos Antonio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Tiradentes</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>Aracaju</city>
            <state>SE</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Marcos Antonio Almeida-Santos</bold>, Universidade Tiradentes - Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Sa&#250;de e Ambiente - Av, Murilo Dantas, 300. Postal Code 49032-490, Aracaju, SE - Brazil. E-mail: <email>virtual.596@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Santos DMS, Almeida-Santos MA; Acquisition of data: Santos DMS, Prado BS, Oliveira CCC; Analysis and interpretation of the data and Statistical analysis: Almeida-Santos MA; Writing of the manuscript and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Santos DMS, Prado BS, Oliveira CCC, Almeida-Santos MA.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>15</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>113</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>383</fpage>
      <lpage>390</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>The quilombolas are groups formed by black ancestry individuals, living in a context of social vulnerability due to low socioeconomic level, which influences health care and the development of chronic diseases.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To assess the prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in the quilombola population in the State of Sergipe, Brazil.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>Study design was cross sectional, involving the administration of a questionnaire to individuals aged &#8805; 18 years, in 15 quilombola communities of the State of Sergipe, Brazil. A value of two-sided p &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>sA total of 390 individuals were evaluated, 72.3% of whom were women, with a mean age of 44.7 years. The prevalence of hypertension was 26% (with a confidence interval of 95% [95% CI]: 22-30), with no significant sex-related differences. The age was associated with arterial hypertension (95% CI: 1.03-1.06), systolic (95% CI: 1.04-1.07) and diastolic (IC 95%: 1.01-1.04) arterial hypertension. The level of body mass index was associated with arterial hypertension (95% CI: 1.00-1.11) and diastolic arterial hypertension (95% CI: 1.03-1.17). Economic class was associated with diastolic arterial hypertension (95% CI: 1.22-5.03).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>The prevalence of arterial hypertension in the quilombola communities was high. Its association with cardiovascular risk factors indicates the need to improve access to healthcare services.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Prevalence</kwd>
        <kwd>Public Health</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Group</kwd>
        <kwd>African Continental Ancestry Group</kwd>
        <kwd>Health of Specific Groups</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>The quilombolas are groups formed by black ancestry individuals, due to their African origin, trafficked to Brazil between the XVI and XIX centuries. They were brought to work as slaves in the sugar plantations under precarious conditions. After the abolition of slavery, numerous quilombola communities arose in Brazil; nowadays there are 2,958 communities throughout the country, and 35 are located in the State of Sergipe. The States of Bahia, Maranh&#227;o, Par&#225;, Minas Gerais and Pernambuco have a higher number of communities in their territories.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> The land demarcated as quilombola territories ensure the physical, social, economic and cultural reproduction of the remaining members of the Quilombo communities.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The quilombola communities are inserted in a context of social vulnerability due to low socioeconomic level, which directly influences healthcare and the development of chronic diseases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Studies have shown that systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is one of the most relevant diseases among the quilombola populations, and can be associated with genetic factors. However, Brazilian studies could not associate genetic polymorphism with increased blood pressure levels among the quilombolas, which may be associated with the intense Brazilian miscegenationa.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The prevalence of SAH among quilombola communities has ranged from 38.4%<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>to 45.4%,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> which represents a higher percentage rate compared to the general Brazilian population.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> The risk factors for the development and grievance of arterial hypertension are diseases like dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, diabetes mellitus (DM), in addition to modifiable factors, such as socioeconomic determinants and inadequate access to healthcare services.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> SAH can cause permanent damage to individuals through the onset of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and kidney diseases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Thus, the aim of this study was to identity the prevalece of SAH and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in the quilombola population of the State of Sergipe, Brazil.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <sec>
        <title>The study design and sample</title>
        <p>This is a cross sectional study, carried out in quilombola communities in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, in the period between September 2016 and April 2017. The sample delineation was performed through random selection in the quilombola communities, using the existing proportion of the population in the communities. These data were provided by the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A random sample of clusters was selected in two stage cluster sampling. There are 35 quilomobola communities registered in the State of Sergipe, distributed in eight territories, of which four were randomly selected. Out of these four territories, 15 communities were randomly selected from a total of 19. Between 15% and 20% of the adult population voluntarily participated. For each stage, once the territories and the quilombola communities were registered, the random sampling without replacement was performed using the Stata<sup>&#174;</sup> version 15.1 software.</p>
        <p>The communities studied are far from the city headquarters, in areas of difficult acess. Certain communities (Resina and Pontal da Barra) surround the main river in the region and the sea, respectively. The other communities (Mocambo, Canta Galo, Pirangy, Terra Dura, Forte, Cara&#237;bas, Bongue, Patioba, Ladeiras, Alagamar, Aningas and Quebra Chifre) are situated in large land properties. The quilombola community &#8220;Maloca&#8221; is the only one that is located in urban area among the other remaining communities in the state.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
				</p>
        <p>The target population of the research, according to oficial registries,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> was estimated in 1,979 adult individuals, inhabitants of the 15 quilombola communities. Sample size calculations were done using the G*Power 3 software,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> respecting the following parameters: 80% power; two-sided alpha = 0.05; covariable distribution pattern; log-normal distribution; potential correlation between predictors, 0.80; expected prevalence of arterial hypertension in the general population (20.4%).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> According to these parameters, about 350 individuals would be necessary to detect an odds ratio &#8805; 1.5 for differences between categorical predictors, in multiple regression logistic analysis. With the aim of preserving these characteristics in a potential situation of missing data, the sample size was increased to about 10%, totalling 390 individuals.</p>
        <p>The inclusion criteria adopted for individual selection were: age &#8805; 18 years; and being registered as quilombolas in the communities where they belong and in the INCRA. The exclusion criteria were: practice of physical exercise in the last 60 minutes; ingestion of alcoholic drinks, coffee or food; use of cigarette or consumption of other substances within the 30 minutes prior to blood pressure measurement; pregnancy; and amputated upper limbs.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Clinical and Sociodemographic Data Collection</title>
        <p>The data were collected using individual interview. The interviewers were trained for this procedure. The interview instrument used was a semi-estructured questionnaire adapted from the following studies: the Brazilian Ministry of Health&#8217;s Food Guide<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> and the Evaluation of Physical Activity Program Effectivity in Brazil,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> both published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health; the National Household Sample Survey ;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> the criteria of economic classification of the ABEP (Brazilian Association of Market Research Firms), which divides society into economic classes A, B1, B2, C1, C2, D-E, considering household assets, education level and the public services available.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> The questions related with licit and illicit drugs were based on the Brazilian version of ASSIST (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> The previous history of diseases was based on the questions asked for admission to hospital due to primary care-sensitive conditions.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Then, three blood pressure measurements were perfomed (with a 1-minute interval between each measurement). A Welch Allyn DuraShock&#8482; DS44 (Welch Allyn, Curitiba, Brazil), internationally validated, Aneroid Sphygmomanometer, with nylon cuff and metal clasp, was used. The measurements were performed at the end of the interview.</p>
        <p>During BP measurements, the individuals remained seated, with their legs uncrossed, feet flat on the floor, back supported by the back of a chair and relaxed. The individual&#8217;s left arm was positioned for measurement, followed by the right upper limb. The third measurement was performed on the limb that presented the highest value, always with the arm rested on a table, at heart level.</p>
        <p>For analysis, the mean of the three measurements was calculated, which corresponded to the research criteria, being considered hypertensive those individuals who had systolic arterial pressure &#8805; 140 mmHg and/or diastolic arterial pressure &#8805; 90 mmHg.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> These more conservative measurements have been adopted because the three measurements of the blood pressure were performed in only one day. For this reason, the classification of the American Heart Association was not adopted.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
				</p>
        <p>The Body mass (BMI) index [kg/m<sup>2</sup>] was estimated to evaluate the anthropometric measurements (weight and height). The BMI found was categorized according with the following measures: low weight, &lt; 18.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; normal weight, 18.5 to 24.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; overweight, 25 to 29.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; level I obesity, 30 to 34.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; level II obesity, 35 to 39.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; and level III obesity, &gt; 40 kg/m<sup>2</sup>.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>Categorical variables were expressed as absolute numbers and percentage. The continuous variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation. To produce robust estimates independent from the distribution pattern of the variables, some tests were specifically adopted. sThe comparisons between continuous variables and two groups were performed using the unpaired student t-test with adjustment for heterogeneity of variance and degrees of freedom using the Satterthwaite method. Comparisons between continuous variables and more than three groups were estimated using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Several logistic regression models for AH were used, starting from the choice of predictors with p &lt; 0.20 in unadjusted analyses. The model's potential increment was assessed after inclusion of squared terms and interaction of predictors. The comparison of the increased prevalence between the quilombola communities and the population in general was performed using the chi-squared adjustment test. To adjust the analysis for the differences between groups and the potential of heteroskedasticity in the quilombola communities, the Huber-White method was used to estimate clustering, robust standard errors, according with the 15 communities.</p>
        <p>The estimate of the effect size was presented in odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test and C-statistics (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, or ROC curve) were used to assess the potential calibration and discrimination of the model, respectively. A value of two-sided p &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant and the Stata<sup>&#174;</sup> version 15.1 software (Stata Corp, College Station, TX, EUA), was used for data analysis.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>A total of 408 volunteers participated in the research; out of these, 18 were excluded: four of them who reported being pregnant, and 14 because they had consumed alcohol. A total of 390 individuals were deemed eligible, 72.3% women and 27.7% men. There were no missing data. The age ranged from 18 to 101 years, with a mean equal to 44.7 &#177; 19 years. The skin color was self-reported, according to the criteria of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), which indicated that 50% of the individuals were brown-skinned. The most prevalent level of education was illiterate/incomplete primary education I (58%). In the economic field, classes D and E obtained greater representation (76.41%). <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref> presents the frequency of the main sociodemographic characteristics of the quilombola communities studied.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Distribution of the demographic and socioeconomic variables in quilombola comunities in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, 2016-2017</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="60%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Variables</th>
              <th align="center">N</th>
              <th align="center">%</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Age</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">18 to 49</td>
              <td align="center">245</td>
              <td align="center">63</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">50 to 79</td>
              <td align="center">133</td>
              <td align="center">34</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&gt; 80</td>
              <td align="center">12</td>
              <td align="center">3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Sex</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Female</td>
              <td align="center">282</td>
              <td align="center">72.31</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male</td>
              <td align="center">108</td>
              <td align="center">27.69</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Skin Color/Race</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Black</td>
              <td align="center">150</td>
              <td align="center">38.46</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Brown</td>
              <td align="center">209</td>
              <td align="center">53.59</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">White</td>
              <td align="center">31</td>
              <td align="center">7.95</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Level of Education</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Illiterate/Incomplete Primary Education I</td>
              <td align="center">226</td>
              <td align="center">58</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Complete Primary Education I/Incomplete Primary Education II</td>
              <td align="center">64</td>
              <td align="center">16.43</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Complete Primary Education II/Incomplete High School</td>
              <td align="center">50</td>
              <td align="center">12.83</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Complete High School/Incomplete Higher Education</td>
              <td align="center">45</td>
              <td align="center">11.54</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Complete Higher Education</td>
              <td align="center">5</td>
              <td align="center">1.20</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Economic classification</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">B2</td>
              <td align="center">5</td>
              <td align="center">1.28</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">C1</td>
              <td align="center">18</td>
              <td align="center">4.62</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">C2</td>
              <td align="center">69</td>
              <td align="center">17.69</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">D-E</td>
              <td align="center">289</td>
              <td align="center">76.41</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>A prevalence of 26% (95% CI: 22-30) was observed for SAH; systolic arterial hypertension in 22% (95% CI: 18-26) and diastolic arterial hypertension in 16% (95% CI: 12-20) of the cases. A chi-square test was performed to compare the prevalence of SAH in the quilombola communities and in the general population of Sergipe (20.4%),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> and the quilombola communities had a significantly higher prevalence (p = 0.0071).</p>
      <p>The mean number of years with a previous SAH diagnosis was 9.59 (standard deviation = 8.66). The diagnosis of the disease had been made at a minimum age of 18 years and at a maximum age of 55 years.</p>
      <p>There was no significant sex-related differences between the subclassifications of blood pressure. In women the average value of systolic pressure was 125.35 mmHg (95% CI: 122.7-127.9), whereas in men the average value was equal to 129.53 mmHg (95% CI: 125.3-133.7); <italic>p</italic> = 0.09. The average diastolic pressure value estimated for women was 78.88 mmHg (95% CI: 77.1-80.6); as for men, the average value was 78.57 mmHg (95% CI: 76.3-80.7); p = 0.83.</p>
      <p>Among the behavioral variables reported by the participants, the following percentages were obtained: smoking, 37.18%; having alcohol drinking habits, 60.77%; and being physically inactive, 44.10%.</p>
      <p>The participants responded that they consumed high quantities of sodium chloride (salt) everyday (17.69%). In relation to the anthropometric parameters, about 60.01% of the population presented with overweight or classes I, II and III obesity, with a smaller number of normal weight individuals (37.17%) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Distribution of behavioral variables, lifestyle, anthropometric profile and risk fators in quilombola communities in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, 2016-2017</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="60%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Variables</th>
              <th align="center">N</th>
              <th align="center">%</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Smoking</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">145</td>
              <td align="center">37.18</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">245</td>
              <td align="center">62.82</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Alcohol consumption</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">237</td>
              <td align="center">60.77</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">153</td>
              <td align="center">39.23</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Dyslipidemia</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">71</td>
              <td align="center">18</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">318</td>
              <td align="center">82</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Diabetes Mellitus</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">36</td>
              <td align="center">9.23</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">354</td>
              <td align="center">90.77</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Physical activity</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Light</td>
              <td align="center">172</td>
              <td align="center">44.10</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Moderate</td>
              <td align="center">77</td>
              <td align="center">19.74</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Vigorous</td>
              <td align="center">141</td>
              <td align="center">36.16</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Fatty food consumption</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&lt; 1 time/week</td>
              <td align="center">130</td>
              <td align="center">33.33</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">1 or 2 times/week</td>
              <td align="center">113</td>
              <td align="center">28.98</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">3 or 4 times/week</td>
              <td align="center">147</td>
              <td align="center">37.69</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Candy consumption</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&lt; 1 time/week</td>
              <td align="center">185</td>
              <td align="center">47.44</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">1 or 2 times/week</td>
              <td align="center">108</td>
              <td align="center">27.69</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">3 or 4 times/week</td>
              <td align="center">97</td>
              <td align="center">24.87</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Daily intake of high-sodium foods</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">69</td>
              <td align="center">17.69</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">321</td>
              <td align="center">82.31</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Adds salt to served food</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">49</td>
              <td align="center">12.56</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">341</td>
              <td align="center">87.44</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Body mass index categories</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Underweight</td>
              <td align="center">11</td>
              <td align="center">2.82</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Normal weight</td>
              <td align="center">145</td>
              <td align="center">37.17</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Overweight</td>
              <td align="center">139</td>
              <td align="center">35.64</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Classes I, II and III obesity</td>
              <td align="center">95</td>
              <td align="center">24.37</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>In the univariate logistic regression analysis, the risk factors associated with arterial hypertension were: smoking (p = 0.02) and BMI (p = 0.04). In the multivariate analysis, the the odds ratio with statistical significance for arterial hypertension were found for the predictors age and BMI. For systolic arterial hypertension alone, the only significant statistic preditor was age; as for diastolic arterial hypertension, the predictors were age, BMI and, primarily, economic class (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Predictors of systemic arterial hypertension in quilombola communities in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, 2016-2017</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
            <col width="10%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
              <th align="left" rowspan="2">Variables</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="3">AH</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="3">SAH</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="3">DAH</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">OR</th>
              <th align="center">95% CI</th>
              <th align="center">p</th>
              <th align="center">OR</th>
              <th align="center">95% CI</th>
              <th align="center">p</th>
              <th align="center">OR</th>
              <th align="center">95% CI</th>
              <th align="center">p</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age</td>
              <td align="center">1.05</td>
              <td align="center">1.03-1.06</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              <td align="center">1.06</td>
              <td align="center">1.04-1.07</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              <td align="center">1.02</td>
              <td align="center">1.01-1.04</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Sex</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Female (ref.</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male</td>
              <td align="center">0.71</td>
              <td align="center">0.38-1.33</td>
              <td align="center">0.29</td>
              <td align="center">0.67</td>
              <td align="center">0.36-1.24</td>
              <td align="center">0.24</td>
              <td align="center">0.98</td>
              <td align="center">0.48 -2.01</td>
              <td align="center">0.97</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>ABEP</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">B2-C2 (ref.)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">D-E</td>
              <td align="center">1.75</td>
              <td align="center">0.93-3.28</td>
              <td align="center">0.07</td>
              <td align="center">1.38</td>
              <td align="center">0.74-2.56</td>
              <td align="center">0.29</td>
              <td align="center">2.47</td>
              <td align="center">1.22-5.03</td>
              <td align="center">0.01</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">BMI</td>
              <td align="center">1.05</td>
              <td align="center">1-1.11</td>
              <td align="center">0.04</td>
              <td align="center">1</td>
              <td align="center">0.95-1.05</td>
              <td align="center">0.84</td>
              <td align="center">1.10</td>
              <td align="center">1.03 -1.17</td>
              <td align="center">0.02</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>
              <italic>AH: arterial hypertension (systolic, diastolic or both); SAH: systolic arterial hypertension (alone); DAH: diastolic arterial hypertension (alone); OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; ABEP: Brazilian Association of Market Research Firms; BMI: body mass index.</italic>
            </p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>The logistic regression model enabled us to identify the probability of developing arterial hypertension through increased BMI. Among the sexes, the number of women was higher. According with the age and sex, it was noticeable that, as the quilombola population grows older, the number of hypertensives tends to increase, especially among women (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Probability of arterial hypertension in Quilombola communities according to age and sex.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-03-0383-90143-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good adjustment/calibration of the final model (p = 0.14). To assess the discrimination capacity of the model, the C-statistics was performed through calculation of the area under the ROC curve, presenting a value equal to 0.77, which was considered a satisfactory value.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>The prevalence of SAH in the quilombola communities in the State of Sergipe (26%) was high, when compared with the estimates of the population in general (20.4%) in the same State,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> in similar age ranges.</p>
      <p>In accordance with other studies in the general population developed in Brazil<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> and in other multiracial countries,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> the prevalence of SAH was associated with increased age. The black ethnicity showed a higher predisposition to arterial stiffness than the other ethnicities.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>
			</p>
      <p>aAlthough the prevalence of arterial hypertension was higher when compared to the general population, our results found a lower prevalence than other studies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> This difference may be due to methodological issues (such as the number of measurements and the conditions under which they were performed), regional variations (for example, alcohol consumption and sodium ingestion) or even ethnic issues which remain unclear, beyond the scope of this study.</p>
      <p>In this study, no significant sex-related differences were observed in the occurrence of SAH or its subclassifications (systolic and diastolic) among the quilombolas. This data stands in contrast to what is found in the literature in the context of the general population<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> and the quilombola population.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Concerning the modifiable variables, increased BMI was one of the major predictors associated with arterial hypertension. Cross sectional studies have shown such association and the damage to the health of the quilombola population,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> whose inadequate lifestyle choices may be a result of low income and education.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The prevalence of physical inactivity is this study was high. Probably, the idleness in rural areas promotes physical inactivity for most part of the months, when it is not harvest or planting time. This data corroborates with researches developed in rural<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> and quilombola<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref> populations. This fact may have contributed for obesity and physical inactivity to foster the onset of arterial hypertension in the quilombola communities studied here.</p>
      <p>It should be stressed that, when salt consumption was measured, low salt intake in this population may not have been accurately asessed, since sodium intake through processed or ultra-processed foods consumed everyday was not taken into consideration.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The observed association between smoking and hypertension was significant in this study, which corroborates the results of other population-based studies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref> Another important data was alcohol consumption, which showed a high prevalence. However, this factor was not associated with arterial hypertension, corroborating the results of other studies developed in the quilombola communities.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Among the limitations of this research, we can mention the fact that the participants were volunteers, that is, the communities were randomly selected and the sample size was determined in advance, but the the enrolment was voluntary. In addition, part of the male population was not accessible, because they were working in the fields or fishing when the visits took place. The presence of diabetes and dyslipidemia has not been investigated, since glucose and lipid measurements, respectively, were not performed and the mere response of the individuals enrolled was avoided, because it could lead to biased information.</p>
      <p>Future research should adequately assess these risk factors among the quilombolas to obtain better comprehension, since, as far as we know, this is the first study to approach this issue in the quilombola communities of the State of Sergipe.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>The prevalence of arterial hypertension among the quilombolas was higher than in the general population. Age and increased BMI were the major predictors. This finding sugests the need for greater health care for the quilombolas, and serves as a baseline for the Brazilian government&#8217;s development of health strategies in line with the the needs of ethnoracial communities.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was funded by CAPES e FAPITEC.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Deyse Mirelle Souza Santos, from Universidade Tiradentes.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade Tiradentes under the protocol number 1.685.357. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Preval&#234;ncia da Hipertens&#227;o Arterial Sist&#234;mica em Comunidades Quilombolas do Estado de Sergipe, Brasil</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Deyse Mirelle Souza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Prado</surname>
            <given-names>Beatriz Santana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Cristiane Costa da Cunha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0622-6257</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida-Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos Antonio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Marcos Antonio Almeida-Santos,</bold> Universidade Tiradentes - Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Sa&#250;de e Ambiente - Av, Murilo Dantas, 300. CEP 49032-490, Aracaju, SE - Brasil. E-mail: <email>virtual.596@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Santos DMS, Almeida-Santos MA; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Santos DMS, Prado BS, Oliveira CCC; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Almeida-Santos MA; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Santos DMS, Prado BS, Oliveira CCC, Almeida-Santos MA.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>Os quilombolas s&#227;o grupos formados por indiv&#237;duos com ancestralidade negra, inseridos em um contexto de vulnerabilidade social devido ao baixo n&#237;vel socioecon&#244;mico, influenciando assist&#234;ncia &#224; sa&#250;de e desenvolvimento de doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Avaliar a preval&#234;ncia da hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica e sua associa&#231;&#227;o a fatores de risco cardiovasculares na popula&#231;&#227;o quilombola do Estado de Sergipe, Brasil.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>O desenho do estudo foi do tipo transversal, com a aplica&#231;&#227;o de question&#225;rio em indiv&#237;duos &#8805; 18 anos, em 15 comunidades quilombolas do estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Adotou-se como crit&#233;rio de signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica um valor de p bicaudal &lt; 0,05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Foram avaliados 390 indiv&#237;duos, sendo 72,3% mulheres, com m&#233;dia de idade de 44,7 anos. A preval&#234;ncia de hipertens&#227;o foi de 26% (intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95% [IC 95%]: 22 a 30), sem diferen&#231;a significativa quanto ao sexo. A idade apresentou associa&#231;&#227;o a hipertens&#227;o arterial (IC 95%: 1,03 a 1,06) e a hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica (IC 95%: 1,04 a 1,07) e diast&#243;lica (IC 95%: 1,01 a 1,04). O &#237;ndice de massa corp&#243;rea apresentou associa&#231;&#227;o a hipertens&#227;o arterial (IC 95%: 1,00 a 1,11) e a hipertens&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica (IC 95%: 1,03 a 1,17). A classe econ&#244;mica esteve associada a hipertens&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica (IC 95%: 1,22 a 5,03).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>A preval&#234;ncia de hipertens&#227;o arterial nas comunidades quilombolas apresentou um n&#250;mero elevado. Sua associa&#231;&#227;o a fatores de risco cardiovasculares aponta a necessidade de melhoria do acesso aos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Preval&#234;ncia</kwd>
        <kwd>Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica</kwd>
        <kwd>Grupos de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Grupo com Ancestrais do Continente Africano</kwd>
        <kwd>Sa&#250;de de Grupos Espec&#237;ficos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Os quilombolas s&#227;o grupos formados por indiv&#237;duos com ancestralidade negra, em decorr&#234;ncia da descend&#234;ncia africana, traficados para o Brasil entre os s&#233;culos XVI e XIX. Eles vieram para trabalhar nos engenhos de forma escravizada e em condi&#231;&#245;es de vida prec&#225;rias. Ap&#243;s a aboli&#231;&#227;o da escravid&#227;o surgiram in&#250;meras comunidades quilombolas no Brasil; atualmente existem 2.958 comunidades em todo o pa&#237;s, sendo 35 no estado de Sergipe. Os estados de Bahia, Maranh&#227;o, Par&#225;, Minas Gerais e Pernambuco t&#234;m maiores n&#250;meros de comunidades em seus territ&#243;rios.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> As terras delimitadas como territ&#243;rios quilombolas garantem a reprodu&#231;&#227;o f&#237;sica, social, econ&#244;mica e cultural dos remanescentes dos quilombos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
				</p>
        <p>As comunidades quilombolas est&#227;o inseridas em um contexto de vulnerabilidade social devido ao baixo n&#237;vel socioecon&#244;mico, influenciando diretamente a assist&#234;ncia &#224; sa&#250;de e o desenvolvimento de doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Estudos t&#234;m apontado que a hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica (HAS) em popula&#231;&#245;es quilombolas &#233; uma das doen&#231;as mais relevantes, podendo estar associada a fatores gen&#233;ticos. Por&#233;m, estudos brasileiros n&#227;o conseguiram associar o polimorfismo gen&#233;tico &#224; eleva&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis press&#243;ricos nos quilombolas, o que pode estar relacionado com a intensa miscigena&#231;&#227;o brasileira.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A preval&#234;ncia da HAS nas comunidades quilombolas tem variado entre 38,4%<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> e 45,4%,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> representando um &#237;ndice percentual maior que o da popula&#231;&#227;o geral do Brasil.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Os fatores de risco para desenvolvimento e agravo da hipertens&#227;o arterial s&#227;o doen&#231;as como dislipidemia, obesidade abdominal, intoler&#226;ncia &#224; glicose, diabetes melito (DM), al&#233;m de fatores modific&#225;veis como os determinantes socioecon&#244;micos e o acesso inadequado aos cuidados de sa&#250;de.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> A HAS pode ocasionar danos permanentes aos indiv&#237;duos mediante o desencadeamento de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, cerebrovasculares e renais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Dessa maneira, o objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar a preval&#234;ncia de HAS e sua associa&#231;&#227;o a fatores de risco cardiovasculares na popula&#231;&#227;o quilombola do estado de Sergipe, Brasil.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Desenho do estudo e amostra</title>
          <p>Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado em comunidades quilombolas do estado de Sergipe, Brasil, no per&#237;odo de setembro de 2016 a abril de 2017. O delineamento amostral foi realizado por meio de sele&#231;&#227;o aleat&#243;ria das comunidades quilombolas, mediante a propor&#231;&#227;o existente da popula&#231;&#227;o das comunidades. Esses dados foram cedidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Coloniza&#231;&#227;o e Reforma Agr&#225;ria (Incra).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
					</p>
          <p>Aplicou-se sele&#231;&#227;o aleat&#243;ria amostral por agregados (<italic>clusters</italic>) em duas etapas. Existem 35 comunidades quilombolas registradas no estado de Sergipe, distribu&#237;das em oito territ&#243;rios, dos quais quatro foram selecionados aleatoriamente. Desses quatro territ&#243;rios, 15 comunidades foram selecionadas aleatoriamente de um total de 19. Estimou-se uma taxa de ades&#227;o volunt&#225;ria entre 15% e 20% da popula&#231;&#227;o adulta. Para cada etapa, uma vez criado o registro dos territ&#243;rios e das comunidades quilombolas, utilizou-se o procedimento de amostragem aleat&#243;ria sem substitui&#231;&#227;o (<italic>random sampling without replacement</italic>) em programa estat&#237;stico Stata<sup>&#174;</sup>, vers&#227;o 15.1.</p>
          <p>As comunidades estudadas est&#227;o localizadas distante das sedes municipais, em &#225;reas de dif&#237;cil acesso. Algumas comunidades (Resina e Pontal da Barra) margeiam o principal rio da regi&#227;o e o mar, respectivamente. As demais comunidades (Mocambo, Canta Galo, Pirangy, Terra Dura, Forte, Cara&#237;bas, Bongue, Patioba, Ladeiras, Alagamar, Aningas e Quebra Chifre) localizam-se entre grandes &#225;reas particulares de terras. A comunidade quilombola Maloca &#233; a &#250;nica que est&#225; localizada em &#225;rea urbana dentre as demais comunidades existentes no estado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
					</p>
          <p>A popula&#231;&#227;o-alvo da pesquisa, de acordo com os registros oficiais,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> foi estimada em 1.979 indiv&#237;duos adultos, habitantes das 15 comunidades quilombolas. Para o c&#225;lculo do tamanho amostral, utilizou-se o programa G*Power 3,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> respeitando os seguintes par&#226;metros: poder, 80%; alfa bicaudal, 0,05; padr&#227;o de distribui&#231;&#227;o de covari&#225;veis, log normal; correla&#231;&#227;o potencial entre preditores, 0,80; preval&#234;ncia esperada da hipertens&#227;o arterial na popula&#231;&#227;o geral (20,4%).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> De acordo com esses par&#226;metros, cerca de 350 indiv&#237;duos seriam necess&#225;rios para se detectar <italic>odds ratio</italic> &#8805; 1,5 para diferen&#231;as entre preditores categ&#243;ricos, em an&#225;lise log&#237;stica de regress&#227;o m&#250;ltipla. Com o objetivo de preservar essas caracter&#237;sticas em situa&#231;&#227;o de eventual presen&#231;a de dados faltantes, aumentou-se o tamanho amostral em cerca de 10%, totalizando 390 indiv&#237;duos.</p>
          <p>Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o adotados para sele&#231;&#227;o dos indiv&#237;duos foram: idade &#8805; 18 anos; e estar cadastrados como quilombolas nas comunidades &#224;s quais pertenciam e no Incra. Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o foram: realiza&#231;&#227;o de exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos nos &#250;ltimos 60 minutos; ingest&#227;o de bebidas alco&#243;licas, caf&#233; ou alimento; uso de cigarro ou consumo de outras subst&#226;ncias nos 30 minutos que antecedessem a aferi&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial; estado de gesta&#231;&#227;o; e, ainda, ter membros superiores amputados.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Coleta dos dados cl&#237;nicos e sociodemogr&#225;ficos</title>
          <p>Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas individuais. Os entrevistadores foram capacitados para tal procedimento. O instrumento de entrevista utilizado foi um question&#225;rio semiestruturado adaptado dos seguintes estudos: <italic>Manual de alimenta&#231;&#227;o saud&#225;vel</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> e <italic>Manual de avalia&#231;&#227;o da efetividade do programa de educa&#231;&#227;o f&#237;sica no Brasil</italic>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> ambos do Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de; Pol&#237;tica Nacional por Amostra de Domic&#237;lios;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> crit&#233;rio de classifica&#231;&#227;o econ&#244;mica da Associa&#231;&#227;o Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa (ABEP), que divide a sociedade entre classes econ&#244;micas A, B1, B2, C1, C2, D-E, segundo par&#226;metros de itens presentes no domic&#237;lio, escolaridade e servi&#231;os p&#250;blicos dispon&#237;veis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> As quest&#245;es relacionadas com drogas l&#237;citas e il&#237;citas foram baseadas na vers&#227;o brasileira do teste de triagem do envolvimento com &#225;lcool, cigarro e outras subst&#226;ncias (ASSIST).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> O hist&#243;rico de doen&#231;as foi baseado nas perguntas das interna&#231;&#245;es hospitalares por condi&#231;&#245;es sens&#237;veis &#224; aten&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
					</p>
          <p>Em seguida, foram realizadas tr&#234;s medi&#231;&#245;es da press&#227;o arterial (com intervalo de um minuto entre cada aferi&#231;&#227;o). Utilizou-se um esfigmoman&#244;metro aneroide com bra&#231;adeira de n&#225;ilon com fecho met&#225;lico, da marca Welch Allyn, modelo DuraShock&#8482; DS44 (Welch Allyn, Curitiba, Brasil), validado internacionalmente. As aferi&#231;&#245;es foram realizadas ao final da entrevista.</p>
          <p>No posicionamento para aferi&#231;&#227;o, os indiv&#237;duos permaneciam sentados, com as pernas descruzadas, os p&#233;s apoiados no ch&#227;o, com o dorso recostado na cadeira e relaxados. O bra&#231;o esquerdo dos indiv&#237;duos era posicionado para aferi&#231;&#227;o, seguido do membro superior direito. A terceira aferi&#231;&#227;o ocorria no membro que apresentasse valor mais elevado, apoiando sempre o bra&#231;o sobre a mesa, &#224; altura do cora&#231;&#227;o.</p>
          <p>Para an&#225;lise, foi realizada a m&#233;dia das tr&#234;s aferi&#231;&#245;es, que corresponderam aos crit&#233;rios da pesquisa, sendo considerados hipertensos os indiv&#237;duos que apresentaram press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &#8805; 140 mmHg e/ou press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica &#8805; 90 mmHg.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> Foram adotadas essas medidas mais conservadoras devido &#224; realiza&#231;&#227;o das tr&#234;s aferi&#231;&#245;es da press&#227;o arterial em um &#250;nico dia. Desta forma, n&#227;o foi adotada a classifica&#231;&#227;o da American Heart Association.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
					</p>
          <p>Para avaliar as medidas antropom&#233;tricas (peso e altura), foi realizado o c&#225;lculo do &#237;ndice de massa corporal (IMC [kg/m<sup>2</sup>]). O valor do IMC encontrado foi categorizado de acordo com as seguintes medidas: baixo peso, &lt; 18,5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; peso normal, 18,5 a 24,5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; sobrepeso, 25 a 29,9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; obesidade grau I, 30 a 34,9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; obesidade grau II, 35 a 39,9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; e obesidade grau III, &gt; 40 kg/m<sup>2</sup>.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
					</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>Vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram apresentadas em n&#250;mero absoluto e porcentagem. Vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram apresentadas em m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o. A fim de produzir estimativas robustas independentes do padr&#227;o de distribui&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis, alguns testes foram especificamente adotados. As compara&#231;&#245;es entre vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas e dois grupos foram realizadas mediante o teste <italic>t</italic> de Student n&#227;o pareado, com ajuste para heterogeneidade de vari&#226;ncia e graus de liberdade pelo m&#233;todo de Satterthwaite. Compara&#231;&#245;es entre vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas e mais de tr&#234;s grupos foram estimadas pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Diversos modelos de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica para HA foram aplicados, partindo da escolha de preditores com valores de <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,20 na an&#225;lise n&#227;o ajustada. Avaliou-se o potencial incremento do modelo ap&#243;s inser&#231;&#227;o de termos quadr&#225;ticos e intera&#231;&#227;o de preditores. Nas compara&#231;&#245;es entre os valores de preval&#234;ncia elevados nas comunidades quilombolas e na popula&#231;&#227;o geral, utilizou-se o teste de adequa&#231;&#227;o de ajuste para qui quadrado. Com o intuito de ajustar a an&#225;lise para diferen&#231;as entre grupos e potencial de heterocedasticidade das comunidades quilombolas, utilizou-se o m&#233;todo de Huber-White para estimativas robustas de erro padr&#227;o para aglomerados (<italic>clusters</italic>), de acordo com as 15 comunidades.</p>
          <p>A estimativa do &#8220;tamanho do efeito&#8221; foi apresentada em <italic>odds ratio</italic> com IC 95%. O teste de Hosmer-Lemeshow e a estat&#237;stica C (&#225;rea sob a curva caracter&#237;stica de opera&#231;&#227;o do receptor, ou curva ROC) foram utilizados para avaliar a calibra&#231;&#227;o e o potencial de discrimina&#231;&#227;o do modelo, respectivamente. Considerou-se crit&#233;rio de signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica um valor de p bicaudal &lt; 0,05 e empregou-se o programa Stata<sup>&#174;</sup>, vers&#227;o 15.1 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX, EUA), para a an&#225;lise de dados.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>Participaram da pesquisa 408 volunt&#225;rios; destes foram exclu&#237;dos 18, entre eles quatro por relatarem estar gestantes e 14 por terem ingerido bebidas alco&#243;licas. Foram considerados eleg&#237;veis 390 indiv&#237;duos, sendo 72,3% mulheres e 27,7% homens. N&#227;o ocorreram dados faltantes. A idade variou entre 18 e 101 anos, com m&#233;dia igual a 44,7 &#177; 19 anos. A cor da pele foi relatada seguindo o padr&#227;o autorreferido do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat&#237;stica, o qual indicou que 50% dos indiv&#237;duos eram da cor parda. O n&#237;vel de escolaridade que mais prevaleceu foi analfabeto/fundamental I incompleto (58%). No &#226;mbito econ&#244;mico, as classes D e E obtiveram maior representatividade (76,41%). A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 1</xref> apresenta as frequ&#234;ncias das principais caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas das comunidades quilombolas estudadas.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Distribui&#231;&#227;o de vari&#225;veis demogr&#225;ficas e socioecon&#244;micas em comunidades quilombolas do estado de Sergipe, Brasil, 2016-2017</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="60%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th align="center">N</th>
                <th align="center">%</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Idade</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">18 a 49</td>
                <td align="center">245</td>
                <td align="center">63</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">50 a 79</td>
                <td align="center">133</td>
                <td align="center">34</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&gt; 80</td>
                <td align="center">12</td>
                <td align="center">3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Sexo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">282</td>
                <td align="center">72,31</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">108</td>
                <td align="center">27,69</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Cor/Ra&#231;a</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Preta</td>
                <td align="center">150</td>
                <td align="center">38,46</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Parda</td>
                <td align="center">209</td>
                <td align="center">53,59</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Branca</td>
                <td align="center">31</td>
                <td align="center">7,95</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>N&#237;vel de escolaridade</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Analfabeto/Fundamental I incompleto</td>
                <td align="center">226</td>
                <td align="center">58</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Fundamental I completo/Fundamental II incompleto</td>
                <td align="center">64</td>
                <td align="center">16,43</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Fundamental II completo/M&#233;dio incompleto</td>
                <td align="center">50</td>
                <td align="center">12,83</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">M&#233;dio completo/Superior incompleto</td>
                <td align="center">45</td>
                <td align="center">11,54</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Superior completo</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">1,20</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o econ&#244;mica</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">B2</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">1,28</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">C1</td>
                <td align="center">18</td>
                <td align="center">4,62</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">C2</td>
                <td align="center">69</td>
                <td align="center">17,69</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">D-E</td>
                <td align="center">289</td>
                <td align="center">76,41</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>A HAS apresentou preval&#234;ncia de 26% (IC 95%: 22 a 30), a hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica de 22% (IC 95%: 18 a 26), e a hipertens&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica de 16% (IC 95%: 12 a 20) dos casos. Foi realizado um teste de qui quadrado para compara&#231;&#227;o entre a preval&#234;ncia da HAS nas comunidades quilombolas e na popula&#231;&#227;o geral sergipana (20,4%),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> tendo as comunidades quilombolas apresentado preval&#234;ncia significativamente superior (p = 0,0071).</p>
        <p>A m&#233;dia de conviv&#234;ncia com a HAS nos indiv&#237;duos com o diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;vio foi de 9,59 anos (desvio padr&#227;o = 8,66). O diagn&#243;stico da doen&#231;a foi realizado com idade m&#237;nima de 18 anos e m&#225;xima de 55 anos.</p>
        <p>N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a significativa entre as subclassifica&#231;&#245;es da press&#227;o arterial de acordo com os sexos. A press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica apresentou, no sexo feminino, m&#233;dia igual a 125,35 mmHg (IC 95%: 122,7 a 127,9), enquanto no sexo a m&#233;dia foi igual a 129,53 mmHg (IC 95%: 125,3 a 133,7); p = 0,09. A press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica estimada para o sexo feminino obteve m&#233;dia igual a 78,88 mmHg (IC 95%: 77,1 a 80,6); j&#225; para o sexo masculino apresentou m&#233;dia de 78,57 mmHg (IC 95%: 76,3 a 80,7); p = 0,83.</p>
        <p>Entre as vari&#225;veis comportamentais que foram relatadas pelos participantes, destacaram-se os seguintes percentuais: ser tabagista, 37,18%; ter h&#225;bitos de ingerir bebidas alco&#243;licas, 60,77%; e ser fisicamente inativo, 44,10%.</p>
        <p>Os participantes responderam que consumiam alto teor de cloreto de s&#243;dio (sal) di&#225;rio nas refei&#231;&#245;es (17,69%). Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; medida antropom&#233;trica, cerca de 60,01% da popula&#231;&#227;o apresentou-se com sobrepeso ou obesidade graus I, II e III, havendo menor n&#250;mero de indiv&#237;duos com peso normal (37,17%) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Distribui&#231;&#227;o de vari&#225;veis comportamentais, estilo de vida, perfil antropom&#233;trico e fatores de risco em comunidades quilombolas do estado de Sergipe, Brasil, 2016-2017</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="60%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th align="center">N</th>
                <th align="center">%</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Tabagista</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">145</td>
                <td align="center">37,18</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">245</td>
                <td align="center">62,82</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Consumo de &#225;lcool</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">237</td>
                <td align="center">60,77</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">153</td>
                <td align="center">39,23</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Dislipidemia</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">71</td>
                <td align="center">18</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">318</td>
                <td align="center">82</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Diabetes melito</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">36</td>
                <td align="center">9,23</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">354</td>
                <td align="center">90,77</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Atividade f&#237;sica</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Leve</td>
                <td align="center">172</td>
                <td align="center">44,10</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Moderada</td>
                <td align="center">77</td>
                <td align="center">19,74</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Vigorosa</td>
                <td align="center">141</td>
                <td align="center">36,16</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Consumo de alimentos gordurosos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&lt; 1 vez/semana</td>
                <td align="center">130</td>
                <td align="center">33,33</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">1 ou 2 vezes/semana</td>
                <td align="center">113</td>
                <td align="center">28,98</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">3 ou 4 vezes/semana</td>
                <td align="center">147</td>
                <td align="center">37,69</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Consumo de doce</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&lt; 1 vez/semana</td>
                <td align="center">185</td>
                <td align="center">47,44</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">1 ou 2 vezes/semana</td>
                <td align="center">108</td>
                <td align="center">27,69</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">3 ou 4 vezes/semana</td>
                <td align="center">97</td>
                <td align="center">24,87</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Ingest&#227;o di&#225;ria de alimentos com alto teor de sal</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">69</td>
                <td align="center">17,69</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">321</td>
                <td align="center">82,31</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Adiciona sal &#224; comida servida</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">49</td>
                <td align="center">12,56</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">341</td>
                <td align="center">87,44</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Categorias de &#237;ndice de massa corporal</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Abaixo do peso</td>
                <td align="center">11</td>
                <td align="center">2,82</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Peso normal</td>
                <td align="center">145</td>
                <td align="center">37,17</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sobrepeso</td>
                <td align="center">139</td>
                <td align="center">35,64</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Obesidade classes I, II e III</td>
                <td align="center">95</td>
                <td align="center">24,37</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Na an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica univariada, os fatores de risco que apresentaram associa&#231;&#227;o com a hipertens&#227;o arterial foram o tabagismo (p = 0,02) e o IMC (p = 0,04). Na an&#225;lise multivariada, as raz&#245;es de chances com signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica para hipertens&#227;o arterial foram encontradas para os preditores idade e IMC. Para hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica isoladamente, o &#250;nico preditor estatisticamente significante foi a idade; j&#225; para hipertens&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica, os preditores foram idade, IMC e, principalmente, classe econ&#244;mica (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 3</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Preditores de hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica em comunidades quilombolas do estado de Sergipe, Brasil, 2016-2017</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="10%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <th align="left" rowspan="2">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3">HA</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3">HAS</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3">HAD</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">OR</th>
                <th align="center">IC 95%</th>
                <th align="center">p</th>
                <th align="center">OR</th>
                <th align="center">IC 95%</th>
                <th align="center">p</th>
                <th align="center">OR</th>
                <th align="center">IC 95%</th>
                <th align="center">p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade</td>
                <td align="center">1,05</td>
                <td align="center">1,03 a 1,06</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                <td align="center">1,06</td>
                <td align="center">1,04 a 1,07</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                <td align="center">1,02</td>
                <td align="center">1,01 a 1,04</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Sexo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Feminino (ref.)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">0,71</td>
                <td align="center">0,38 a 1,33</td>
                <td align="center">0,29</td>
                <td align="center">0,67</td>
                <td align="center">0,36 a 1,24</td>
                <td align="center">0,24</td>
                <td align="center">0,98</td>
                <td align="center">0,48 a 2,01</td>
                <td align="center">0,97</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>ABEP</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">B2-C2 (ref.)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">D-E</td>
                <td align="center">1,75</td>
                <td align="center">0,93 a 3,28</td>
                <td align="center">0,07</td>
                <td align="center">1,38</td>
                <td align="center">0,74 a 2,56</td>
                <td align="center">0,29</td>
                <td align="center">2,47</td>
                <td align="center">1,22 a 5,03</td>
                <td align="center">0,01</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IMC</td>
                <td align="center">1,05</td>
                <td align="center">1 a 1,11</td>
                <td align="center">0,04</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">0,95 a 1,05</td>
                <td align="center">0,84</td>
                <td align="center">1,10</td>
                <td align="center">1,03 a 1,17</td>
                <td align="center">0,002</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <p>
                <italic>HA: hipertens&#227;o arterial (sist&#243;lica, diast&#243;lica ou ambas); HAS: hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica (somente); HAD: hipertens&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica (somente); OR: odds ratio; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; ABEP: Associa&#231;&#227;o Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa; IMC: &#237;ndice de massa corporal.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Por meio do modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica foi poss&#237;vel identificar a probabilidade de desenvolver hipertens&#227;o arterial mediante a eleva&#231;&#227;o do IMC. Dentre os sexos, o feminino demonstrou maior representatividade. De acordo com a idade e o sexo, foi percept&#237;vel que, &#224; medida que a popula&#231;&#227;o quilombola for envelhecendo, o n&#250;mero de hipertensos tende a aumentar, principalmente em rela&#231;&#227;o ao sexo feminino (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Probabilidade de hipertens&#227;o arterial em comunidades Quilombolas de acordo com a idade e o sexo.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-03-0383-90143-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>O teste de Hosmer-Lemeshow indicou um bom ajustamento/calibra&#231;&#227;o do modelo final (p = 0,14). Para avaliar a capacidade de discrimina&#231;&#227;o do modelo, a estat&#237;stica C foi realizada por meio do c&#225;lculo da &#225;rea sob a curva ROC, apresentando valor igual a 0,77, o qual foi considerado um valor satisfat&#243;rio.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>A preval&#234;ncia de HAS nas comunidades quilombolas de Sergipe (26%) foi elevada, quando comparada &#224;s estimativas da popula&#231;&#227;o geral (20,4%) do mesmo estado,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> com faixas et&#225;rias semelhantes.</p>
        <p>Em concord&#226;ncia com estudos em popula&#231;&#227;o geral desenvolvidos no Brasil<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> e em outros pa&#237;ses multirraciais,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> a preval&#234;ncia de HAS apresentou associa&#231;&#227;o com o aumento da idade. A etnia negra demonstrou maior predisposi&#231;&#227;o a rigidez arterial do que as demais etnias.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Embora a preval&#234;ncia de hipertens&#227;o arterial tenha sido superior &#224; da popula&#231;&#227;o geral, os presentes achados encontraram preval&#234;ncia inferior &#224; de outros estudos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Essa diferen&#231;a pode dever-se a quest&#245;es metodol&#243;gicas (tais como o n&#250;mero de medi&#231;&#245;es e as condi&#231;&#245;es em que se realizaram), varia&#231;&#245;es regionais (por exemplo, no consumo de &#225;lcool e na ingesta de s&#243;dio) ou mesmo quest&#245;es &#233;tnicas ainda n&#227;o esclarecidas, fora do escopo deste estudo.</p>
        <p>No presente estudo, n&#227;o foi observada diferen&#231;a significativa na ocorr&#234;ncia de HAS ou em subclassifica&#231;&#245;es (sist&#243;lica e diast&#243;lica) em rela&#231;&#227;o ao sexo dos quilombolas. Este dado contrap&#245;e-se ao encontrado na literatura no &#226;mbito das popula&#231;&#245;es geral<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> e quilombola.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s vari&#225;veis modific&#225;veis, o IMC elevado foi um dos principais preditores associados &#224; hipertens&#227;o arterial. Estudos transversais apresentaram esse mesmo tipo de associa&#231;&#227;o e os malef&#237;cios &#224; sa&#250;de da popula&#231;&#227;o quilombola,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> cujos h&#225;bitos de vida inadequados podem ser reflexo dos baixos poder aquisitivo e escolaridade.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A preval&#234;ncia de inatividade f&#237;sica neste estudo foi elevada. Provavelmente, a ociosidade nos ambientes rurais deixa os indiv&#237;duos inativos grande parte dos meses, por n&#227;o ser o tempo da safra ou plantio. Este dado corrobora os de pesquisas desenvolvidas em popula&#231;&#245;es rural<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> e quilombola.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref> Este fato pode ter contribu&#237;do para que a situa&#231;&#227;o de obesidade e inatividade f&#237;sica propiciasse o surgimento de hipertens&#227;o arterial nas comunidades quilombolas em estudo.</p>
        <p>Quando avaliado o consumo de sal, ressalta-se que o baixo consumo de sal desta popula&#231;&#227;o poderia n&#227;o estar sendo avaliado na sua veracidade, visto que n&#227;o foi levado em considera&#231;&#227;o o consumo de s&#243;dio em alimentos processados ou ultraprocessados consumidos diariamente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A associa&#231;&#227;o observada entre tabagismo e hipertens&#227;o foi significativa no presente estudo, corroborando os resultados de outros estudos de base populacional.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref> Outro dado importante foi o consumo de &#225;lcool, que apresentou alta preval&#234;ncia. Entretanto, este fator n&#227;o obteve associa&#231;&#227;o &#224; hipertens&#227;o arterial, corroborando os resultados de outros estudos desenvolvidos em comunidades quilombolas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Dentre as limita&#231;&#245;es desta pesquisa, podemos citar o fato de a participa&#231;&#227;o ter sido volunt&#225;ria, ou seja, as comunidades foram aleatoriamente selecionadas e o n&#250;mero amostral foi previamente determinado, mas o arrolamento foi volunt&#225;rio. Adicionalmente, parte da popula&#231;&#227;o masculina n&#227;o se encontrou acess&#237;vel, por estar exercendo atividades no campo ou na pesca durante as visitas. A presen&#231;a de diabetes e dislipidemia n&#227;o foi estudada, uma vez que n&#227;o foram realizadas mensura&#231;&#245;es de glicemia e lip&#237;dios, respectivamente, e evitou-se a mera declara&#231;&#227;o por parte dos indiv&#237;duos arrolados, em virtude da propens&#227;o a vi&#233;s de informa&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Pesquisas futuras devem avaliar adequadamente esses fatores de risco entre os quilombolas para obter melhor compreens&#227;o, visto que, at&#233; onde se p&#244;de investigar, este &#233; o primeiro estudo a elucidar tal tem&#225;tica em quilombolas do estado de Sergipe.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>A preval&#234;ncia da hipertens&#227;o arterial em quilombolas foi mais elevada que na popula&#231;&#227;o geral. Idade e IMC elevado foram os principais preditores. Esse achado aponta para necessidade de maior assist&#234;ncia em sa&#250;de aos quilombolas, e serve como par&#226;metro para os governantes brasileiros desenvolverem estrat&#233;gias de sa&#250;de condizentes com as necessidades das comunidades etnorraciais.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo foi financiado pelo CAPES e FAPITEC.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de disserta&#231;&#227;o de Mestrado de Deyse Mirelle Souza Santos pela Universidade Tiradentes.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica da Universidade Tiradentes sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 1.685.357. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
