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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">n7MVB4zL3BTzwvPL8FVM4Mh</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000900381</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190202</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Hypertension: Pathophysiological Aspects, Psychosocial Stress and Food Preference</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9591-3093</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Heno Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
            <state>SP</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Heno Ferreira Lopes,</bold> Av. Dr. Eneas de C. Aguiar, 44 2&#186; andar, sala 8. Postal Code 05403-000, Cerqueira Cesar - S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>hipheno@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>113</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>381</fpage>
      <lpage>382</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesity</kwd>
        <kwd>Diabetes Mellitus</kwd>
        <kwd>Dyslipidemias</kwd>
        <kwd>Sedentary Behavior</kwd>
        <kwd>Oxidative Stress</kwd>
        <kwd>Healthy Diet</kwd>
        <kwd>Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Arterial hypertension is highly prevalent in developed and developing countries. Together with high blood glucose levels, hyperlipidemia, overweight and obesity, it is considered a consequence of behavioral risk factors such as physical inactivity, tobacco use, harmful alcohol use and inadequate diets.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> The cause of arterial hypertension in most of the cases (over 90%) is unknown. The activation of the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and an abnormal pressure-natriuresis curve play an important role in the pathophysiology of hypertension.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Oxidative stress has also been identified as an intermediate phenotype in the development of arterial hypertension.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Experimental and epidemiological studies point to psychosocial stress as a possible trigger that causes the autonomic imbalance (increased sympathetic activity) in hypertensive patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> This autonomic imbalance can be observed even before the arterial hypertension onset in children born to hypertensive parents.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> In addition to psychosocial stress, an unhealthy diet contributes to the development of arterial hypertension and higher cardiovascular morbidity/mortality.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
		</p>
    <p>If, on the one hand, diet plays an important role in the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension, on the other hand, adopting a healthy diet can result in better blood pressure control. The DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) diet, mentioned in worldwide guidelines, was evaluated by Appel et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> and it was the first scientifically tested diet to result in a significant blood pressure reduction in hypertensive patients. The DASH diet consists of easily accessible foods such as vegetables, fruits, nuts, lean meat, and low-fat milk and dairy products. In a study of obese hypertensive patients,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> we tried to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved in blood pressure reduction after the consumption of the standard DASH diet. In this study we demonstrated that the consumption of a standard DASH diet results in improved antioxidant capacity, especially in obese hypertensive patients. Since oxidative stress plays a role in the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension, this is one of the possible mechanisms for reducing blood pressure in those individuals who consume the DASH diet foods in adequate proportion.</p>
    <p>Although there is a previously tested diet with a positive impact on blood pressure reduction, as in the case of the DASH diet, there is a tendency among humans to preferentially consume some types of food. Previous studies, mainly experimental ones, have evaluated the association of stress exposure and emotional state with preference for some specific foods.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
		</p>
    <p>In the article by Ulrich-Lae et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> they describe the association of eating high-fat and sweet foods with stress improvement in animals. As the stressed animals and human beings prefer more caloric foods (carbohydrates and fats), the tendency is to develop obesity. Obesity is known to be directly related to arterial hypertension.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
		</p>
    <p>In this issue of the Brazilian Archives of Cardiology, Dalmazo et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> demonstrated the association of stress levels with a higher consumption of high-fat foods in patients with arterial hypertension. The findings of this study indicate the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in hypertensive patients, especially those with high levels of psychosocial stress.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Stress and Food Consumption Relationship in Hypertensive Patients</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Hipertens&#227;o Arterial: Aspectos Fisiopatol&#243;gicos, Estresse Psicossocial e Prefer&#234;ncia por Alimentos</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9591-3093</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Heno Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Heno Ferreira Lopes,</bold> Av. Dr. Eneas de C. Aguiar, 44 2&#186; andar, sala 8. CEP 05403-000, Cerqueira Cesar - S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>hipheno@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Diabetes Mellitus</kwd>
        <kwd>Dislipidemias</kwd>
        <kwd>Comportamento Sedent&#225;rio</kwd>
        <kwd>Estresse Oxidativo</kwd>
        <kwd>Dieta Saud&#225;vel</kwd>
        <kwd>Indicadores de Morbimortalidade</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A hipertens&#227;o arterial tem alta preval&#234;ncia em pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos e nos pa&#237;ses em desenvolvimento. Juntamente com glicemia alta, hiperlipidemia, sobrepeso e obesidade ela &#233; considerada como uma consequ&#234;ncia dos fatores de risco comportamentais que s&#227;o: sedentarismo, uso de tabaco, uso nocivo do &#225;lcool e dietas inadequadas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> A causa da hipertens&#227;o arterial na maioria das vezes (mais de 90%) &#233; desconhecida. Sendo que a ativa&#231;&#227;o do sistema nervoso simp&#225;tico, do sistema renina angiotensina aldosterona e a curva de press&#227;o natriurese alterada tem papel importante na fisiopatog&#234;nese da hipertens&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> O estresse oxidativo tamb&#233;m vem sendo apontado como fen&#243;tipo intermedi&#225;rio no desenvolvimento da hipertens&#227;o arterial.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Estudos experimentais e epidemiol&#243;gicos apontam o estresse psicossocial como um poss&#237;vel gatilho para provocar o desbalan&#231;o auton&#244;mico (aumento da atividade simp&#225;tica) no paciente hipertenso.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Esse desbalan&#231;o auton&#244;mico pode ser observado at&#233; mesmo antes da instala&#231;&#227;o da hipertens&#227;o arterial em indiv&#237;duos filhos de pais hipertensos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Al&#233;m do estresse psicossocial a dieta n&#227;o saud&#225;vel contribui de alguma forma com o desenvolvimento de hipertens&#227;o e para maior morbidade/mortalidade cardiovascular.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Se por um lado a dieta tem papel importante na fisiopatog&#234;nese da hipertens&#227;o, por outro a ado&#231;&#227;o de uma dieta saud&#225;vel pode resultar no melhor controle da press&#227;o arterial. A dieta DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension), citada em diretrizes do mundo inteiro, foi avaliada por Appel et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> e foi a primeira cientificamente testada que resultou em queda significativa na press&#227;o arterial em pacientes hipertensos. A dieta DASH &#233; composta de alimentos de f&#225;cil acesso como verduras, legumes, frutas, oleaginosas, carne magra, leite e derivados com pouca gordura. Em estudo envolvendo pacientes hipertensos obesos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> tentamos elucidar os poss&#237;veis mecanismos envolvidos na redu&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial ap&#243;s o consumo de dieta padr&#227;o DASH. Nesse estudo demonstramos que o consumo de uma dieta padr&#227;o DASH resulta na melhora da capacidade antioxidante, sobretudo em pacientes hipertensos obesos. Como o estresse oxidativo tem papel na fisiopatog&#234;nese da hipertens&#227;o arterial, esse &#233; um dos poss&#237;veis mecanismos para a redu&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial naqueles que consomem alimentos estudados na dieta DASH na devida propor&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <p>Embora j&#225; exista dieta testada e com impacto positivo no sentido de reduzir a press&#227;o arterial, como no caso da DASH, h&#225; uma tend&#234;ncia do ser humano a consumir preferencialmente alguns tipos de alimentos. Em estudos pr&#233;vios, principalmente experimentais, j&#225; foi avaliada a associa&#231;&#227;o da exposi&#231;&#227;o ao estresse e estado emocional com a prefer&#234;ncia para alguns alimentos espec&#237;ficos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
			</p>
      <p>No artigo de Ulrich-Lae et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> eles descrevem a associa&#231;&#227;o do consumo de alimentos doces e ricos em gordura com a melhora do estresse em animais. Uma vez que o animal e o ser humano em situa&#231;&#227;o de estresse t&#234;m prefer&#234;ncia para alimentos mais cal&#243;ricos (carboidratos e gorduras) a tend&#234;ncia &#233; desenvolver obesidade. Sabe-se que a obesidade tem rela&#231;&#227;o direta com a hipertens&#227;o arterial.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Nessa edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Dalmazo et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> demonstraram a associa&#231;&#227;o de n&#237;vel de estresse com o maior consumo de alimentos ricos em gordura em pacientes portadores de hipertens&#227;o arterial. Os achados desse estudo apontam para a import&#226;ncia da abordagem multidisciplinar em pacientes hipertensos, principalmente aqueles com n&#237;vel elevado de estresse psicossocial.</p>
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      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Estresse e Consumo Alimentar em Pacientes Hipertensos</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
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