<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">RMzLFBybnQwgGjTvk8rXbHj</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000800258</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190148</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Healthcare Utilization and Costs Reduction after Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in the Brazilian Private Healthcare System</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8053-4499</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sarabanda</surname>
            <given-names>Alvaro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto de Cardiologia do Distrito Federal</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>Bras&#237;lia</city>
            <state>DF</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia do Distrito Federal, Bras&#237;lia, DF - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Alvaro Sarabanda,</bold> Instituto de Cardiologia do Distrito Federal - SQSW 301 BL F AP 508. ZIP Code 70673-106, Bras&#237;lia, DF - Brazil. E-mail: <email>saraband@uol.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>02</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>113</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>258</fpage>
      <lpage>259</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Arrhythmias, Cardiac</kwd>
        <kwd>Atrial Fibrillation</kwd>
        <kwd>Radiofrequency Ablation/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Arrhytmias/drug therapy</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, constituting an important public health problem and leading to excessive spending on health care worldwide.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> It has important repercussions in clinical practice, associated with an increased risk of stroke, development of heart failure, cognitive alterations, decreased quality of life and increased risk of death.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
		</p>
    <p>It is estimated that in the American adult population the incidence of AF will increase from 1.2 million cases per year in 2010 to 2.6 million in 2030 and, in the same period, its prevalence will increase from 5.2 million to 12 million people.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> In Brazil, AF estimates are less accurate. However, a recent epidemiological study with the Brazilian population reported a prevalence of AF of about 1.8% in the general population.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> However, considering the aging of the population in middle-income countries such as Brazil, the prevalence of AF in our country is likely to increase in the near future.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
		</p>
    <p>A recent study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> reported that in 2010 the total annual cost for treatment of AF was about 26 billion dollars in the United States and, due to the epidemic growth of this arrhythmia, the cost of its treatment should increase substantially in the coming years all around the world. Much of this cost is due to recurrent hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and outpatient follow-up. In this sense, an immediate evaluation of the health costs used in the treatment of this arrhythmia becomes a priority in our environment.</p>
    <p>About 20 years ago, percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of the pulmonary veins (PVs) was described by Haissaguerre et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> as an effective and curative technique for the treatment of paroxysmal AF. Subsequently, the ablation procedure of the PVs was progressively modified, evolving to the current predominant technique of enlarged antral circumferential ablation of PVs (an enlarged area of 1 to 2 cm of the PV ostia) in order to modify the arrhythmogenic substrate responsible for the triggering and maintenance of AF.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
		</p>
    <p>In this context, it has consistently been shown in several randomized clinical studies that percutaneous ablation of AF reduces the recurrence of this arrhythmia, greatly improving patients' quality of life<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> and cardiac mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> as compared to antiarrhythmic therapy. Additionally, nonrandomized clinical studies have reported that AF ablation also reduces the risk of stroke.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Thus, it is possible to speculate that patients with AF undergoing catheter ablation should present a significant reduction in the use of health care and its related costs, both due to the decrease in hospitalizations, as well as the reduction of emergency room visits and outpatient follow-up.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
		</p>
    <p>In this issue of <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>, Saad et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> report their findings on the use of health care, including outpatient and hospital care, as well as their costs, in a retrospective cohort of Brazilian private health care patients, before and after catheter ablation for AF. Between January 2014 and December 2015, 83 patients undergoing AF ablation were identified as the study cohort, and their data were analyzed for the mean period of 14 months prior to ablation and 10 months after the procedure.</p>
    <p>In the study under analysis, in agreement with the world literature, there was a significant reduction of the health costs for the treatment of AF after catheter ablation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> The 1-year AF recurrence-free rate was 86%. As a result, the median of the total monthly costs had a reduction of 68.5% (p &lt; 0.001) after ablation. Ambulatory and emergency costs were also reduced by 48.8% and 100%, respectively, (p &lt; 0.001 for both variables) after AF ablation.</p>
    <p>However, as pointed out by the authors, the study has several limitations. The data set used for all analyzes was based on patient billing information, which may have overestimated the success rate of AF ablation, since AF recurrence was based only on the use of health resources (use of antiarrhythmic drugs in the emergency room, cardioversion or repetition of procedures), or indirectly, in the purchase of antiarrhythmic drugs in pharmacies. The use of an administrative database carries the risk of bias, with the problems associated with the lack of individual clinical information of the patients, as well as the retrospective design of the study. In this sense, the results of this study can not be applied to all subgroups of patients with AF (for example, newly detected AF, persistent or long-standing persistent AF), since the patients' AF characteristics were not reported. Finally, the sample size was small and the analysis of the possible predictors of the greatest cost reduction after ablation was probably poor.</p>
    <p>Finally, the present study has the merit of demonstrating that, in relatively young patients with few comorbidities and in need of increased health care for the treatment of AF, catheter ablation of this arrhythmia can significantly reduce the costs of outpatient and hospital care in the medium term follow-up after ablation.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Healthcare Utilization and Costs Reduction after Radiofrequency Ablation For Atrial Fibrillation in the Brazilian Private Healthcare System</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R, Kim YH, Saad EB, Aguinaga L, et al. 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm. 2017;14(10):e275-444.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Calkins</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hindricks</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cappato</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kim</surname>
              <given-names>YH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Saad</surname>
              <given-names>EB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Aguinaga</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation</article-title>
          <source>Heart Rhythm</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>14</volume>
          <issue>10</issue>
          <fpage>e275</fpage>
          <lpage>e444</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2 Kim M, Johnston SS, Chu BC, Dalal MR, Schulman KL. Estimation of total incremental health care costs in patients with atrial fibrillation in the United States. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2011;4(3):313-20.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kim</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Johnston</surname>
              <given-names>SS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chu</surname>
              <given-names>BC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dalal</surname>
              <given-names>MR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schulman</surname>
              <given-names>KL</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Estimation of total incremental health care costs in patients with atrial fibrillation in the United States</article-title>
          <source>Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>4</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>313</fpage>
          <lpage>320</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3 Colilla S, Crow A, Petkun W, Singer DE, Simon T, Liu X. Estimates of current and future incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the U.S. adult population. Am J Cardiol 2013;112(8):1142-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Colilla</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Crow</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Petkun</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Singer</surname>
              <given-names>DE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Simon</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Liu</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Estimates of current and future incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the U.S. adult population</article-title>
          <source>Am J Cardiol</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>112</volume>
          <issue>8</issue>
          <fpage>1142</fpage>
          <lpage>1147</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4 Marcolino MS, Palhares DM, Benjamin EJ, Ribeiro AL. Atrial fibrillation: prevalence in a large database of primary care patients in Brazil. Europace. 2015;17(12):1787-90.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Marcolino</surname>
              <given-names>MS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Palhares</surname>
              <given-names>DM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Benjamin</surname>
              <given-names>EJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
              <given-names>AL</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Atrial fibrillation: prevalence in a large database of primary care patients in Brazil</article-title>
          <source>Europace</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>17</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>1787</fpage>
          <lpage>1790</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5 Rahman F, Kwan GF, Benjamin EJ. Global epidemiology of atrial fibrillation. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2014;11(11):639-54.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Rahman</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kwan</surname>
              <given-names>GF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Benjamin</surname>
              <given-names>EJ</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Global epidemiology of atrial fibrillation</article-title>
          <source>Nat Rev Cardiol</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>11</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>639</fpage>
          <lpage>654</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>6 Haissaguerre M, Jais P, Shah DC, Takahashi A, Hocini M, Quiniou G, et al. Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins. N Engl J Med. 1998;339(10):659-66.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Haissaguerre</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jais</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Shah</surname>
              <given-names>DC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Takahashi</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hocini</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Quiniou</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>1998</year>
          <volume>339</volume>
          <issue>10</issue>
          <fpage>659</fpage>
          <lpage>666</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>7 Packer DL, Mark DB, Robb RA, Monahan KH, Bahnson TD, Poole JE, et al. Effect of catheter ablation vs antiarrhythmic drug therapy on mortality, stroke, bleeding, and cardiac arrest among patients with atrial fibrillation: the CABANA randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;321(13):1261-74.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Packer</surname>
              <given-names>DL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mark</surname>
              <given-names>DB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Robb</surname>
              <given-names>RA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Monahan</surname>
              <given-names>KH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bahnson</surname>
              <given-names>TD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Poole</surname>
              <given-names>JE</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Effect of catheter ablation vs antiarrhythmic drug therapy on mortality, stroke, bleeding, and cardiac arrest among patients with atrial fibrillation: the CABANA randomized clinical trial</article-title>
          <source>JAMA</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>321</volume>
          <issue>13</issue>
          <fpage>1261</fpage>
          <lpage>1274</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>8 Mark DB, Anstrom KJ, Sheng S, Piccini JP, Baloch KN, Monahan KH, et al. Effect of catheter ablation vs medical therapy on quality of life among patients with atrial fibrillation: the CABANA randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;321(13):1275-85.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Mark</surname>
              <given-names>DB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Anstrom</surname>
              <given-names>KJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sheng</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Piccini</surname>
              <given-names>JP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Baloch</surname>
              <given-names>KN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Monahan</surname>
              <given-names>KH</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Effect of catheter ablation vs medical therapy on quality of life among patients with atrial fibrillation: the CABANA randomized clinical trial</article-title>
          <source>JAMA</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>321</volume>
          <issue>13</issue>
          <fpage>1275</fpage>
          <lpage>1285</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>9 Marrouche NF, Brachmann J, Andresen D, Vogt J, Siebels J, Boersma L, et al. Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation with left ventricular dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(5):417-27.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Marrouche</surname>
              <given-names>NF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brachmann</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Andresen</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Vogt</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Siebels</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Boersma</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation with left ventricular dysfunction</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>378</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>417</fpage>
          <lpage>427</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>10 Reynolds MR, Gunnarsson CL, Hunter TD, Ladapo JA, March JL, Zhang M, et al. Health outcomes with catheter ablation or antiarrhythmic drug therapy in atrial fibrillation: results of a propensity-matched analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2012;5(2):171-81.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Reynolds</surname>
              <given-names>MR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gunnarsson</surname>
              <given-names>CL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hunter</surname>
              <given-names>TD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ladapo</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>March</surname>
              <given-names>JL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhang</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Health outcomes with catheter ablation or antiarrhythmic drug therapy in atrial fibrillation: results of a propensity-matched analysis</article-title>
          <source>Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>5</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>171</fpage>
          <lpage>181</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation>11 Saad EB, Tayar DO, Ribeiro RA, Junqueira Jr. SM, Andrade P, d&#8217;Avila A. Redu&#231;&#227;o na Utiliza&#231;&#227;o de Recursos em Sa&#250;de e dos Custos ap&#243;s Abla&#231;&#227;o por Radiofrequ&#234;ncia da Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial no Brasil. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019; 113(2):252-257</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Saad</surname>
              <given-names>EB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tayar</surname>
              <given-names>DO</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
              <given-names>RA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Junqueira</surname>
              <given-names>SM</given-names>
              <suffix>Jr.</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Andrade</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>d&#8217;Avila</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Redu&#231;&#227;o na Utiliza&#231;&#227;o de Recursos em Sa&#250;de e dos Custos ap&#243;s Abla&#231;&#227;o por Radiofrequ&#234;ncia da Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial no Brasil</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>113</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>252</fpage>
          <lpage>257</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation>12 Reynolds MR, Zimetbaum P, Josephson ME, Ellis E, Danilov T, Cohen DJ. Cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency catheter ablation compared with antiarrhythmic drug therapy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2009;2(4):362-69.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Reynolds</surname>
              <given-names>MR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zimetbaum</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Josephson</surname>
              <given-names>ME</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ellis</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Danilov</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cohen</surname>
              <given-names>DJ</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency catheter ablation compared with antiarrhythmic drug therapy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation</article-title>
          <source>Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>2</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>362</fpage>
          <lpage>369</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation>13 Ladapo JA, David G, Gunnarsson CL, Hao SC, White SA, March JL, et al. Healthcare utilization and expenditures in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with cateter ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2012;23(1):1-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Ladapo</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>David</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gunnarsson</surname>
              <given-names>CL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hao</surname>
              <given-names>SC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>White</surname>
              <given-names>SA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>March</surname>
              <given-names>JL</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Healthcare utilization and expenditures in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with cateter ablation</article-title>
          <source>J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>23</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>1</fpage>
          <lpage>8</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Redu&#231;&#227;o na Utiliza&#231;&#227;o de Recursos em Sa&#250;de e dos Custos ap&#243;s Abla&#231;&#227;o por Radiofrequ&#234;ncia da Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial no Brasil</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8053-4499</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sarabanda</surname>
            <given-names>Alvaro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia do Distrito Federal, Bras&#237;lia, DF - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Alvaro Sarabanda,</bold> Instituto de Cardiologia do Distrito Federal - SQSW 301 BL F AP 508. CEP 70673-106, Bras&#237;lia, DF - Brasil. E-mail: <email>saraband@uol.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Arritmias Card&#237;acas</kwd>
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Abla&#231;&#227;o por Radiofrequ&#234;ncia/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Arritmia/tratamento farmacol&#243;gico</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) &#233; a arritmia card&#237;aca mais comum, consistindo em importante problema de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica e acarretando um gasto excessivo com cuidados de sa&#250;de em todo o mundo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Apresenta importante repercuss&#227;o na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, associando-se com risco aumentado de acidente vascular cerebral, desenvolvimento de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, altera&#231;&#245;es cognitivas, diminui&#231;&#227;o da qualidade de vida e risco aumentado de morte.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Estima-se que na popula&#231;&#227;o adulta americana a incid&#234;ncia de FA aumentar&#225; de 1,2 milh&#227;o de casos por ano em 2010 para 2,6 milh&#245;es em 2030 e, no mesmo per&#237;odo, sua preval&#234;ncia subir&#225; de 5,2 milh&#245;es para 12 milh&#245;es de pessoas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> No Brasil, as estimativas de FA s&#227;o menos precisas. Todavia, um estudo epidemiol&#243;gico recente com a popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira reportou uma preval&#234;ncia de FA de cerca de 1,8% na popula&#231;&#227;o geral.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Entretanto, considerando o envelhecimento da popula&#231;&#227;o em pa&#237;ses de renda m&#233;dia como o Brasil, a preval&#234;ncia de FA em nosso meio provavelmente aumentar&#225; em um futuro pr&#243;ximo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Estudo recente,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> reportou que em 2010 o custo anual total para tratamento de FA foi cerca de 26 bilh&#245;es de d&#243;lares nos Estados Unidos e, nesse sentido, devido ao crescimento epid&#234;mico dessa arritmia o custo do seu tratamento deve aumentar substancialmente nos pr&#243;ximos anos em todo o mundo. Muito desse custo se deve as hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es recorrentes, atendimentos em pronto-socorro e acompanhamento ambulatorial. Nesse sentido, uma avalia&#231;&#227;o imediata dos custos de sa&#250;de utilizados no tratamento dessa arritmia torna-se priorit&#225;ria em nosso meio.</p>
      <p>H&#225; cerca de 20 anos, o procedimento de abla&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea por radiofrequ&#234;ncia das veias pulmonares (VPs) foi descrita por Haissaguerre et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> como uma t&#233;cnica eficaz e curativa no tratamento da FA parox&#237;stica. Subsequentemente, o procedimento de abla&#231;&#227;o das VPs foi sendo progressivamente modificado, evoluindo para a t&#233;cnica atual predominante de abla&#231;&#227;o circunferencial antral ampliada das VPs (&#225;rea ampliada de 1 a 2 cm dos &#243;stios) com o intuito de modificar o substrato arritmog&#234;nico respons&#225;vel pelo desencadeamento e manuten&#231;&#227;o da FA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Nesse contexto, demonstrou-se, consistemente, em diversos estudos cl&#237;nicos randomizados que a abla&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea da FA reduz a recorr&#234;ncia dessa arritmia, melhorando sobremaneira a qualidade de vida dos pacientes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> e a mortalidade card&#237;aca nos pacientes portadores de disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> quando comparada &#224; terapia antiarr&#237;tmica. Adicionalmente, estudos cl&#237;nicos n&#227;o-randomizados reportaram que a abla&#231;&#227;o da FA reduz tamb&#233;m o risco de acidente vascular cerebral.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Dessa forma, &#233; l&#237;cito especular que pacientes com FA submetidos &#224; abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter devem apresentar uma significativa redu&#231;&#227;o na utiliza&#231;&#227;o dos cuidados e dos custos de sa&#250;de, tanto pela diminui&#231;&#227;o nas hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es, como na diminui&#231;&#227;o dos atendimentos em pronto-socorro e no seguimento ambulatorial.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Na presente edi&#231;&#227;o dos <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>, Saad et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> relatam seus achados sobre a utiliza&#231;&#227;o dos cuidados de sa&#250;de, incluindo atendimento ambulatorial e hospitalar, assim como os seus custos, em uma coorte retrospectiva de pacientes do sistema privado de sa&#250;de brasileiro, antes e ap&#243;s a abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter da FA. Entre janeiro de 2014 e dezembro de 2015, 83 pacientes submetidos &#224; abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter da FA foram identificados como a coorte de estudo, e seus dados foram analisados pelo per&#237;odo m&#233;dio de 14 meses antes da abla&#231;&#227;o e 10 meses ap&#243;s a abla&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <p>No estudo em an&#225;lise, em concord&#226;ncia com a literatura mundial, houve significativa redu&#231;&#227;o dos custos de sa&#250;de utilizados no tratamento da FA ap&#243;s a abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> No seguimento cl&#237;nico de m&#233;dio prazo, observou-se uma taxa livre de recorr&#234;ncia de FA de cerca 86%. Em decorr&#234;ncia disso, a mediana dos custos totais mensais teve uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 68,5% (p &lt; 0,001) ap&#243;s a abla&#231;&#227;o. Os custos ambulatoriais e emergenciais tamb&#233;m foram reduzidos em 48,8% e 100%, respectivamente, (p &lt; 0,001 para ambas as vari&#225;veis) ap&#243;s o procedimento de abla&#231;&#227;o da FA.</p>
      <p>Todavia, como apontado pelos autores, o estudo apresenta v&#225;rias limita&#231;&#245;es. O conjunto de dados utilizado para todas as an&#225;lises baseou-se nas informa&#231;&#245;es de faturamento dos pacientes, o que pode ter superestimado a taxa de sucesso da abla&#231;&#227;o da FA, uma vez que a recidiva foi baseada apenas no uso dos recursos de sa&#250;de (uso de drogas antiarr&#237;tmicas na sala de emerg&#234;ncia, cardiovers&#227;o ou repeti&#231;&#227;o dos procedimentos), ou indiretamente, na compra de drogas antiarr&#237;tmicas nas farm&#225;cias. O uso de um banco de dados administrativo acarreta o risco de vi&#233;s, com os problemas associados &#224; falta de informa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas individuais dos pacientes, bem como o desenho retrospectivo do estudo. Nesse sentido, os resultados deste estudo n&#227;o podem ser aplicados a todos os subgrupos de pacients com FA (por exemplo, FA rec&#233;m-detectada, persistente ou persistente de longa data), uma vez que as caracter&#237;sticas da FA dos pacientes n&#227;o foram relatadas. Finalmente, o tamanho da amostra foi pequeno e a an&#225;lise dos poss&#237;veis preditores de maior redu&#231;&#227;o de custo ap&#243;s a abla&#231;&#227;o provavelmente foi insuficiente.</p>
      <p>Por fim, o presente estudo tem o m&#233;rito de demonstrar que, em pacientes relativamente jovens, com poucas comorbidades e que necessitam de crescentes cuidados de sa&#250;de para o tratamento da FA, a abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter dessa arritmia pode reduzir significativamente os cuidados e os custos do atendimento ambulatorial e hospitalar no seguimento de m&#233;dio prazo ap&#243;s a abla&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Redu&#231;&#227;o na Utiliza&#231;&#227;o de Recursos em Sa&#250;de e dos Custos ap&#243;s Abla&#231;&#227;o por Radiofrequ&#234;ncia da Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Arial na Sa&#250;de Suplementar Brasileira</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
