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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">Pcxy9jBXF595XYHkhYtJYqB</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000700106</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190090</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Vasospasm during Exertion: New Pathophysiological Insights</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5126-4434</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Navarrete</surname>
            <given-names>Gonzalo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pozo</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rivero</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bastante</surname>
            <given-names>Teresa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jim&#233;nez-Borreguero</surname>
            <given-names>Luis Jes&#250;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alfonso</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Universitario La Princesa</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>Madrid</city>
            <state>Madrid</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Spain</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitario La Princesa. Madrid, Madrid - Spain</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Fernando Alfonso &#8226;</bold> C/ Diego de Le&#243;n 62, 28006, Madrid - Spain E-mail: <email>falf@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Navarrete G, Pozo E, Rivero F, Jim&#233;nez-Borreguero LJ, Alfonso F; Acquisition of data: Navarrete G, Rivero F, Bastante T; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Navarrete G; Writing of the manuscript: Navarrete G, Pozo E, Alfonso F; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Pozo E, Rivero F, Bastante T, Jim&#233;nez-Borreguero LJ, Alfonso F.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>08</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>113</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>106</fpage>
      <lpage>108</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Coronary Vasoespasm/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Vessels</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Ischemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Angiography</kwd>
        <kwd>Electrocardiology</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A 69-year-old male with hypertension, dyslipemia and no previous cardiovascular disease presented a transient ST-segment elevation on electrographic (ECG) monitoring during a planned ureteroscopy. The patient remained asymptomatic during the postoperative period. He only referred very sporadic episodes of effort chest pain in the last years without progression or events at rest. Given the lack of ECG registry, an exercise stress echocardiogram was indicated. The study was clinical and echocardiographically positive for inducible ischemia, with hypokinesia of the mid and apical anterior wall segments at peak exercise without ECG changes. With the documentation of ischemia in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) territory, a coronary angiogram was performed. Only a mild lesion in the proximal LAD was demonstrated. However, a severe lesion in the proximal right coronary artery (RCA) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure1A</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">1B</xref>), was treated with a bioabsorbable scaffold (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1C</xref>), despite the absence of inducible ischemia demonstration in that territory. The patient was discharged on dual antiplatelet treatment, betablockers and statins and remained asymptomatic without new episodes of chest pain. Six months later, during another ureteroscopy, a new episode of transient ST-segment elevation was observed on ECG monitoring. At that time, a treadmill test was performed showing marked transient ST-segment elevation in V1-V4 leads (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2A</xref>). Repeated coronary angiography demonstrated the good result of the previously implanted stent in RCA and persistence of a mild plaque in the proximal LAD. Due to the previously documented ECG changes in the right precordial leads, a pressure guide was performed in the proximal LAD, which ruled out the functional significance of this lesion (iFR 0.88; FFR 0.87 with 600 mcg Adenosine) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2B</xref>). In the light of the discordant ECG, echocardiographic and angiographic findings, a vasospasm test with intracoronary methylergonovin (20 mcg) was eventually carried out. This test was positive with angina reproduction and a significant reduction in LAD vessel diameter up to 90% diameter stenosis (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2C</xref>) with a concomitant Pd/Pa value of 0.60 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2D</xref>). Finally, the patient could be discharged under treatment with nitrates and calcium channel blockers, remaining asymptomatic at 1-year follow-up. An exercise stress echocardiogram was negative for inducible ischemia and repeated ureteroscopy procedures were uneventful.</p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>ICA after stress echocardiogram. A) ICA in caudal right oblique projection that demonstrates mild plaque in proximal LAD. B) ICA in left anterior oblique projection that showed severe obstruction in RCA (arrow). C) ICA in left anterior oblique projection after the implant of bioabsorbable scaffold in RCA. ICA: invasive coronary angiography LAD: left anterior descending artery. RCA: right coronary artery.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-01-0106-90090-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figure 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>ECG during treadmill test, pressure guide pre and post vasospasm test, and ICA post vasospasm test. A) ECG during treadmill test showed ST elevation in V1-V4 leads. B) FFR value in proximal LAD which discarded functional significance of this lesion. C) ICA after methylergonovine injection confirmed focal vasospasm in LAD. Panel D: FFR value after methylergonovine injection that demonstrated functional significance of vasospasm. ICA: invasive coronary angiography; FFR: fractional flow reserve; LAD: left anterior descending artery.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-01-0106-90090-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>Coronary artery spasm (CAS) that clinically represents variant or Printzmetal angina,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> is caused by a sudden an intense vasoconstriction of an epicardial coronary artery, which can appear both at the site of stenosis and in angiographically normal coronary arteries. CAS during exertion is an atypical presentation of this clinical entity, firstly described by Cheng et al in 1973, as the &#8220;variant of the variant&#8221;.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> The pathophysiology of CAS during exercise has not been completely clarified yet. However, it is well established that exercise can induce CAS in patients with variant angina, as demonstrated in small groups of patients subjected to supine bicycle exercise on the cardiac catheterization table.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Exercise stress echocardiogram induced ST-segment elevation with striking discordance between the echocardiographic and angiographic findings is a rare condition that may be a result of severe CAS. To our knowledge, however, echocardiographic abnormalities unraveled during exercise echocardiography in patients with variant angina have not been previously described. Furthermore, there is no previous evidence of the potential value of physiological assessment of lesion severity, with pressure wire quantification of FFR and iFR, during CAS induction. Physiological assessment of the dynamic changes detected on Pd/Pa immediately after methylergonovine injection may be of potential clinical value in this vexing clinical setting.</p>
    <p>This case represents an atypical presentation of variant angina in a patient with coronary artery disease. We hypothesize that hyperventilation, both during exercise and during anesthesia, might act as a trigger for CAS. In these situations, ischemia was nicely shown with noninvasive (exercise stress echocardiogram) as well as invasive diagnostic techniques (methylergonovine test). Provocative spam testing continues to be a clinically useful tool to diagnose vasospastic angina validated in previous studies with a sensitivity of &#8805; 90% and specificity &#8805; 97%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> In summary, our findings illustrate the possibility of CAS even in patients with significant coronary artery disease and exertional chest pain. Further diagnostic insights are of major clinical value when discordance between electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and angiographic findings persists.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Vasoespasmo durante o Esfor&#231;o: Novos <italic>Insights</italic> Fisiopatol&#243;gicos</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5126-4434</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Navarrete</surname>
            <given-names>Gonzalo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pozo</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rivero</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bastante</surname>
            <given-names>Teresa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jim&#233;nez-Borreguero</surname>
            <given-names>Luis Jes&#250;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alfonso</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitario La Princesa. Madrid, Madri - Espanha</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Fernando Alfonso &#8226;</bold> C/ Diego de Le&#243;n 62, 28006, Madri - Espanha E-mail: <email>falf@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Navarrete G, Pozo E, Rivero F, Jim&#233;nez-Borreguero LJ, Alfonso F; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Navarrete G, Rivero F, Bastante T; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Navarrete G; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Navarrete G, Pozo E, Alfonso F; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Pozo E, Rivero F, Bastante T, Jim&#233;nez-Borreguero LJ, Alfonso F.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Vaso Espasmo Coron&#225;rio/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Vasos Coron&#225;rios</kwd>
        <kwd>Isquemia Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Angiografia Coron&#225;ria</kwd>
        <kwd>Eletrocardiografia</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Paciente do sexo masculino, 69 anos de idade, hipertenso, dislipid&#234;mico e sem doen&#231;a cardiovascular pr&#233;via, apresentou eleva&#231;&#227;o transit&#243;ria do segmento ST na eletrocardiografia (ECG) durante ureteroscopia. O paciente permaneceu assintom&#225;tico durante o per&#237;odo p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio, mencionando epis&#243;dios espor&#225;dicos de dor tor&#225;cica aos esfor&#231;os nos &#250;ltimos anos, sem progress&#227;o ou eventos durante o repouso. Dada a aus&#234;ncia de registros eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos, foi indicada a realiza&#231;&#227;o de ecocardiografia sob estresse. O exame foi positivo para isquemia induzida, tanto em aspectos cl&#237;nicos como ecocardiogr&#225;ficos, com hipocinesia do segmento &#226;ntero-apical e medial da parede no pico do exerc&#237;cio, sem altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas. Com a confirma&#231;&#227;o de isquemia na art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria descendente anterior esquerda (DAE), realizou-se uma angiografia coron&#225;ria, que mostrou somente uma les&#227;o leve na DAE. No entanto, observou-se uma les&#227;o grave na por&#231;&#227;o proximal da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita (ACD) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figuras 1A</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">1B</xref>), tratada com implante de suporte vascular (<italic>scaffold</italic>) bioabsorv&#237;vel (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1C</xref>), apesar de aus&#234;ncia de isquemia induzida nessa regi&#227;o pela ECG. O paciente teve alta com terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria dupla, betabloqueadores e estatinas, e se manteve assintom&#225;tico sem novos epis&#243;dios de dor tor&#225;cica. Seis meses depois, durante outra ureteroscopia, observou-se novo epis&#243;dio de eleva&#231;&#227;o transit&#243;ria do segmento ST na ECG. Na ocasi&#227;o, realizou-se um teste de esfor&#231;o na esteira rolante, que revelou eleva&#231;&#227;o transit&#243;ria do segmento ST nas deriva&#231;&#245;es V1-V4 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2A</xref>). Uma segunda angiografia coron&#225;ria demonstrou bom resultado do <italic>stent</italic> previamente implantando na ACD e leve presen&#231;a de placas na DAE. Devido &#224;s altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas pr&#233;vias nas deriva&#231;&#245;es direitas, realizou-se uma an&#225;lise com fio de press&#227;o, que descartou import&#226;ncia funcional dessa les&#227;o (iFR 0,88; FFR 0,87 com adenosina 600 ug) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2B</xref>). Devido &#224; discord&#226;ncia entre os resultados da ECG, ecocardiografia e angiografia, realizou-se uma avalia&#231;&#227;o por indu&#231;&#227;o de vasoespasmo com administra&#231;&#227;o intracoron&#225;ria de maleato de metilergometrina (20 mcg). O resultado do teste foi positivo, com angina e redu&#231;&#227;o significativa no di&#226;metro da DAE (com at&#233; 90% de estenose) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2C</xref>) e concomitante valor Pd/Pa (press&#227;o distal/press&#227;o proximal de aorta) de 0,60 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2D</xref>). Finalmente, o paciente p&#244;de receber alta com tratamento com nitratos e bloqueadores de canais de c&#225;lcio, permanecendo assintom&#225;tico por um ano de acompanhamento. Um ecocardiograma sob estresse f&#237;sico foi negativo para isquemia induzida, e ureteroscopias repetidas n&#227;o mostraram altera&#231;&#245;es.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f3">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Angiografia coron&#225;ria invasiva (ACI) ap&#243;s ecocardiografia com estresse. ACI em proje&#231;&#227;o obl&#237;qua direita caudal ap&#243;s implante de suporte vascular (scaffold) bioabsorv&#237;vel, mostrando leve presen&#231;a de placas na art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria descendente anterior esquerda (A); ACI em proje&#231;&#227;o obl&#237;qua anterior esquerda mostrando grave obstru&#231;&#227;o da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita (seta) (B); ACI em proje&#231;&#227;o obl&#237;qua anterior esquerda ap&#243;s implante de scaffold bioabsorv&#237;vel em art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-01-0106-90090-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f4">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Eletrocardiografia (ECG) durante teste de esfor&#231;o (esteira rolante), fio de press&#227;o antes e ap&#243;s teste de vasoespasmo. (A) ECG durante teste de esfor&#231;o na esteira rolante que mostrou eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST nas deriva&#231;&#245;es V1-V4; (B) valor da reserva de fluxo fracionada (FFR) na art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda, que descartou signific&#226;ncia funcional da les&#227;o; (C) angiografia coron&#225;ria invasiva (ACI) ap&#243;s inje&#231;&#227;o de maleato de metilergometrina, que confirmou vasoespasmo focal na art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria descendente anterior esquerda; (D) valor da FFR ap&#243;s inje&#231;&#227;o de metilergometrina que demonstrou signific&#226;ncia funcional do vasoespasmo.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-01-0106-90090-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>O espasmo coron&#225;rio (EC), representa&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica da angina variante ou angina de Prinzmetal,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> &#233; causado por uma vasoconstri&#231;&#227;o intensa e repentina de uma art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria epic&#225;rdica, que pode aparecer tanto no local da estenose como nas art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias normais na angiografia. O EC durante esfor&#231;o &#233; uma apresenta&#231;&#227;o at&#237;pica dessa entidade cl&#237;nica, e foi primeiramente descrito por Cheng et al. em 1973 como uma &#8220;variante da variante&#8221;.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> A fisiopatologia do EC durante o exerc&#237;cio n&#227;o foi totalmente elucidado. No entanto, est&#225; bem estabelecido que o exerc&#237;cio pode induzir CE em pacientes com angina variante, conforme demonstrado em pequenos grupos de pacientes submetidos a exerc&#237;cio de bicicleta na posi&#231;&#227;o supina sobre mesa de cateterismo card&#237;aco.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Eleva&#231;&#227;o no segmento ST induzida por ecocardiograma com estresse, com grande discord&#226;ncia entre achados ecocardiogr&#225;ficos e angiogr&#225;ficos, &#233; uma rara condi&#231;&#227;o que pode ser resultante de um EC grave. No entanto, em nosso conhecimento, a presen&#231;a de anormalidades ecocardiogr&#225;ficas reveladas durante ecocardiograma com exerc&#237;cio em pacientes com angina variante n&#227;o foi previamente descrito. Ainda, n&#227;o existe nenhuma evid&#234;ncia pr&#233;via do valor potencial da avalia&#231;&#227;o fisiol&#243;gica da gravidade da les&#227;o, com quantifica&#231;&#227;o da FFR e iFR com fio de press&#227;o durante indu&#231;&#227;o do EC. A avalia&#231;&#227;o fisiol&#243;gica das mudan&#231;as din&#226;micas detectadas na Pd/Pa imediatamente ap&#243;s a inje&#231;&#227;o de metilergometrina pode ser de valor cl&#237;nico potencial neste complexo cen&#225;rio cl&#237;nico.</p>
      <p>O presente caso representa uma apresenta&#231;&#227;o at&#237;pica de angina variante em um paciente com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana. Nossa hip&#243;tese &#233; que, a hiperventila&#231;&#227;o, tanto durante o exerc&#237;cio como durante a anestesia, possa atuar como um est&#237;mulo desencadeador do EC. Nessas situa&#231;&#245;es, a isquemia foi satisfatoriamente demonstrada tanto por m&#233;todos diagn&#243;sticos invasivos (ecocardiograma com estresse f&#237;sico) como por m&#233;todos n&#227;o invasivos (administra&#231;&#227;o de metilergometrina). O teste provocativo de espasmo continua ser um instrumento clinicamente &#250;til para o diagn&#243;stico de angina vasoesp&#225;stica, validado em estudos pr&#233;vios com sensibilidade &#8805; 90% e especificidade &#8805; 97%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Em resumo, nossos achados ilustram a possibilidade de EC mesmo em pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana importante e dor tor&#225;cica ao esfor&#231;o. Outras informa&#231;&#245;es diagn&#243;sticas s&#227;o de grande import&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica quando houver discord&#226;ncia entre achados eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos, ecocardiogr&#225;ficos e angiogr&#225;ficos.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
