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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">vFz5WbT8bry3643GTwFnx4h</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000700042</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2019005010105</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190104</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Readmission of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Determinants</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3471-6408</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Larissa Marina Santana Mendon&#231;a de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Ingrid Maria Novais Barros de Carvalho</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Danielle G&#243;es da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1918-7122</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Rodrigo Santos Santos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto-Filho</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Augusto Soares</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida-Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos Ant&#244;nio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">7</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Joselina Luzia Meneses</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Buarque</surname>
            <given-names>Mirella Dornelas Batalha Moreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">8</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">9</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vieira</surname>
            <given-names>Diva Aliete dos Santos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">10</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#244;nio Carlos Sobral</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Sergipe</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Cristov&#227;o</city>
          <state>SE</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe - Departamento de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de, S&#227;o Cristov&#227;o, SE - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Federal de Educa&#231;&#227;o Ci&#234;ncia e Tecnologia de Sergipe</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Cristov&#227;o</city>
          <state>SE</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Federal de Educa&#231;&#227;o Ci&#234;ncia e Tecnologia de Sergipe, S&#227;o Cristov&#227;o, SE - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Sergipe</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Nutri&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Cristov&#227;o</city>
          <state>SE</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe - Departamento de Nutri&#231;&#227;o, S&#227;o Cristov&#227;o, SE - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Sergipe</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Estat&#237;stica</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Cristov&#227;o</city>
          <state>SE</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe - Departamento de Estat&#237;stica, S&#227;o Cristov&#227;o, SE - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Sergipe</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Cristov&#227;o</city>
          <state>SE</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe - Departamento de Medicina, S&#227;o Cristov&#227;o, SE - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>6</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Funda&#231;&#227;o S&#227;o Lucas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Aracaju</city>
          <state>SE</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Funda&#231;&#227;o S&#227;o Lucas - Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa, Aracaju, SE - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7">
        <label>7</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Tiradentes</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Sa&#250;de e Ambiente</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Aracaju</city>
          <state>SE</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Sa&#250;de e Ambiente da Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8">
        <label>8</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Aracaju</city>
          <state>SE</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Aracaju, SE - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9">
        <label>9</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Funda&#231;&#227;o de Benefic&#234;ncia do Hospital Cirurgia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Aracaju</city>
          <state>SE</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Funda&#231;&#227;o de Benefic&#234;ncia do Hospital Cirurgia, Aracaju, SE - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff10">
        <label>10</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Sergipe</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Nutri&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Lagarto</city>
          <state>SE</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe - Departamento de Nutri&#231;&#227;o, Lagarto, SE - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Larissa Marina Santana Mendon&#231;a de Oliveira</bold> Universidade Federal de Sergipe - R. Cl&#225;udio Batista, s/n - Palestina, Postal Code 49060-108, Aracaju, SE - Brasil, Aracaju, SE - Brazil E-mail: <email>nutrilarissamarina@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Oliveira LMSM, Costa IMNBC, Silva DG, Silva JRS, Buarque MDBM, Sousa ACS; Acquisition of data: Oliveira LMSM, Costa IMNBC, Buarque MDBM, Sousa ACS; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Oliveira LMSM, Costa IMNBC, Silva DG, Silva JRS, Barreto Filho JAS, Almeida-Santos MA, Oliveira JLM, Vieira DAS, Sousa ACS; Statistical analysis: Silva DG, Silva JRS, Vieira DAS; Writing of the manuscript: Oliveira LMSM, Costa IMNBC, Silva DG, Barreto Filho JAS, Almeida-Santos MA, Oliveira JLM, Vieira DAS, Sousa ACS; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Oliveira LMSM, Silva DG, Barreto Filho JAS, Almeida-Santos MA, Oliveira JLM, Vieira DAS, Sousa ACS.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>113</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>42</fpage>
      <lpage>49</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is responsible for high rates of hospital admission and readmission, which are associated with increased costs for the patient and the health system, and increased in-hospital mortality rates.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To evaluate readmission in patients with ACS and its determinants.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>This was a retrospective cohort study of adult and elderly patients with ACS, readmitted to public and private referral cardiology hospitals within one year after the first hospitalization for ACS. The occurrence of readmissions, the time elapsed from the first to the second admission, and the use of medications at admission were collected from the medical records. Associations between categorical variables were evaluated by the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors for readmissions. A p &lt; 0.05 was set as statistically significant.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>Readmission rate was 21.5% (n = 115) and mean time between admissions was 122.7 &#177; 112.1 days. The patients were mostly men (64.0%), mean age of 63.15 &#177; 12.3 years. Among readmitted patients, 7% had a prognosis of "death", and 68.7% were readmitted more than once within a one-year period. The main reasons of readmission were cardiovascular diseases including ACS. Private health care and the diagnosis of congestive heart failure were associated with multiple logistic regression.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>ACS was the main cause of readmission, with higher prevalence among users of supplemental health care. Readmissions were associated with previous diagnosis of congestive heart failure and the type of health care provided.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Acute Coronary Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitalization/economy</kwd>
        <kwd>Patient Readmission/economy</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Delivery of Health Care/economy</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospital Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Socioeconomic Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Drug Therapy/economia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>During the last years, there has been increasing rates of hospital admission and readmission for ischemic heart diseases, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Hospital readmissions account for a significant increase in costs for the patient and public and private health system, and in hospital mortality. The risk of death in readmitted patients is greater when readmissions occur for cardiac causes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>After an ACS event, hospital readmissions may be associated with different cardiac conditions, including myocardial ischemia, arterial fibrillation and uncontrolled hypertension, and also non-cardiac conditions such as poor treatment adherence, alcohol consumption, psychological factors, socioeconomical factors and health system issues.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Besides, hospital readmissions are correlated with the quality of the health care provided and management of comorbidities during hospitalization, and hence may be used as quality indicators of the healthcare services.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> The type of health care system can also influence readmission rates, as it reflects different levels of access to health care and inequality between individuals.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate readmission rates after an ACS event among users of a public, supplemental health care system in the state of Sergipe, Brazil, and to evaluate the association between readmission rate and socioeconomic determinants of lifestyle and clinical outcomes.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Study design</title>
        <p>This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with ACS, conducted between August 2017 and April 2018. A total of 581 patients was selected during the first admission (October 2013-September 2015) to one of the four referral hospitals in the city of Aracaju, Brazil. Three of these institutions provided private health services and one of them provided public services. All participants were evaluated at three time points throughout the study: at hospital admission, and 30 days and 180 days after the ACS event.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Clinical diagnosis of ACS at admission and the type of ACS - acute ischemia, acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (STEMI), and acute myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI) - were collected from medical records. These diagnoses were made based on physician's interpretation of symptoms (consistent with acute ischemia in the 24 hours prior to admission) and/or on elevation of biomarkers of cardiac ischemia, confirmed by electrocardiography, Doppler echocardiography or coronary cineangiography.</p>
        <p>Once personal data (name, date of birth, date of hospital admission) of patients were obtained, the medical records were searched for the occurrence of readmissions within one year after the first admission for ASC.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Study sample</title>
        <p>One-year readmission after first hospitalization for ACS was investigated in a cohort of 581 patients with ACS (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f1">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Flow chart of the occurrence of readmission within one year after the first admission in patients with acute coronary syndrome.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-01-0042-90104-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Inclusion criteria</title>
        <p>All patients admitted for ACS in cardiology referral hospitals in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil, identified at baseline of the study were included.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Exclusion criteria</title>
        <p>Patients who died during or after discharge of the first hospitalization, patients who were not readmitted after discharge of the first admission, and those who were presented readmission with less than 24 hours of hospital stay.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Outcome measures</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Socioeconomic status</title>
          <p>Patients' personal data were retrieved from the database of first admitted ACS patients during the period from October 2013 to September 2015.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> A semi-structured questionnaire was used at the time of admission for ACS. Data of age (adults and elderly patients), sex (female and male), self-referred race (white, pardo, black), educational attainment (more or less 9 years of schooling), per capita income (less than 1 salary/person, 1-3 salaries/person, 3-5 salaries/person and more than 5 salaries/person), type of health care (public or private), life habits - alcohol consumption and smoking, reported by the patient or caregiver, and physical activity (classified by the international physical activity questionnaire, IPAQ) - nutritional status according to the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). BMI was classified into low weight, normal weight and overweight, according to the World Health Organization (WHO)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> cut-off points (for adults) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> cut-off points (for older patients). A WC &lt; 80 cm for women and &lt; 94 cm for men was considered normal.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
					</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Hospital readmission</title>
          <p>Occurrence of readmissions within one year after discharge was searched in the medical records of four cardiology referral hospitals. Data regarding the cause and date of readmissions and use of medications at the time of readmission were collected. All this information was transferred into a structured questionnaire.</p>
          <p>Hospital admissions were categorized according to the primary diagnosis and the reason of admission - ACS, cardiovascular and noncardiovascular causes. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Drug therapy</title>
          <p>After 30 and 180 days after discharge, the use, or not, of the following drugs was assessed: antiplatelet agents, statins, beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). The use of these medications at home was also evaluated at readmission (collected from the medical records).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Physical activity</title>
          <p>The practice of physical activity was evaluated using the short version of the IPAQ.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> This instrument classifies the patient into four categories, based on the intensity levels of physical activity: very active, active, insufficiently active and inactive. In our study, "very active" and "active" individuals according to the IPAQ were considered "active", and those classified as "insufficiently active" and "inactive" in the IPAQ were considered "inactive". The level of physical activity at hospital admission, and 30 days and 180 days after discharge was assessed by telephone.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Clinical features</title>
          <p>We evaluated the type of ACS at first admission, and the presence of previous systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemias, coronary artery disease (CAD), congestive heart failure, angina, AMI, angioplasty, myocardial revascularization and chronic kidney disease. All variables were categorized into present or absent (yes or no).</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>Categorical variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequency, and distribution of quantitative variables was tested for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Variables that met the assumption of normality were presented as mean and standard deviation. Associations between categorical variables were assessed using the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. A p &lt; 0.05 was set as statistically significant; all variables with p &lt; 0.20 after association test and those that were risk factors for cardiovascular diseases were subjected to multiple logistic regression analysis.</p>
        <p>Fourteen variables- sex, type of health care, race, age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, DM, congestive heart failure, use of statins on day 180, educational attainment, smoking, alcohol consumption, type of ACS - were selected as independent variables in the regression model, and readmission as dependent variable. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval was used in the model. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test was used to evaluate the fitness of the model.</p>
        <p>All analyses were performed using the R software, version 3.4.0 (The R Core Team, 2016).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>A total of 536 patients were considered eligible for the study. Mean age was 63.15 &#177; 12.26 years, and most of the were men (64.0%). One hundred fifteen readmitted patients were identified (21.5%). Readmissions occurred 122.74 &#177; 112.14 days after discharge from the first hospitalization. Among readmitted patients, 7% had the prognosis of "death", and 68.7% were readmitted more than once within a one-year period.</p>
      <p>Regarding the reasons of hospital readmissions, 42.6% were ACS, 20.9% other cardiovascular causes (pulmonary hypertension, peripheral obstructive disease, second-degree atrioventricular block, and mitral insufficiency) and 36.52% other noncardiovascular causes (malnutrition, respiratory insufficiency, kidney disease, DM and complications, unspecified disorder of vestibular function, diverticulitis, hernioplasty, trauma and hyponatremia).</p>
      <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref> presents the association of readmission with socioeconomic variables with the type of health care provided, nutritional status and life style. White patients, patients with higher educational attainment, those with higher family income and users of private health care services showed higher readmission rates.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Socioeconomic data, nutritional status, lifestyle habits, and type of health care provided associated with readmission in patients with acute coronary syndrome in Aracaju, Brazil, 2017</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" rowspan="2">Variable (%)</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Readmission</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2">P value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">*</xref>
							</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center">Yes</th>
              <th align="center">No</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Socioeconomic variables</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Sex</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0.1201</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Female</td>
              <td align="center">49 (25.39%)</td>
              <td align="center">144 (74.61%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male</td>
              <td align="center">66 (19.24%)</td>
              <td align="center">277 (80.76%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Race</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0.0008</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">White</td>
              <td align="center">55 (29.73%)</td>
              <td align="center">130 (70.27%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Black/pardo</td>
              <td align="center">54 (16.67%)</td>
              <td align="center">270 (83.33%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Educational attainment</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0.0035</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&lt; 9 years</td>
              <td align="center">44 (16.18%)</td>
              <td align="center">228 (83.82%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&#8805; 9 years</td>
              <td align="center">71 (26.89%)</td>
              <td align="center">193 (73.11%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Family income (per capita)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="5" valign="top">0.0022</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&#8804; 1 salary/person</td>
              <td align="center">12 (12.63%)</td>
              <td align="center">83 (87.37%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&gt; 1 salary and &#8804; 3 salaries/ person</td>
              <td align="center">20 (14.93%)</td>
              <td align="center">114 (85.07%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&gt; 3 salaries e &#8804; 5 salaries/ person</td>
              <td align="center">29 (23.97%)</td>
              <td align="center">92 (76.03%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&gt; 5 salaries/ person</td>
              <td align="center">53 (29.12%)</td>
              <td align="center">129 (70.88%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Age group</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0.0599</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Adults</td>
              <td align="center">35 (16.99%)</td>
              <td align="center">171 (83.01%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Elderly</td>
              <td align="center">80 (24.24%)</td>
              <td align="center">250 (75.76%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Nutritional status</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>BMI</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="4" valign="top">0.8271</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Low weight</td>
              <td align="center">6 (18.18%)</td>
              <td align="center">27 (81.82%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Normal weight</td>
              <td align="center">48 (22.43%)</td>
              <td align="center">166 (77.57%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Overweight</td>
              <td align="center">60 (20.91%)</td>
              <td align="center">227 (79.09%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Abdominal circumference</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Inadequate</td>
              <td align="center">83 (20.75%)</td>
              <td align="center">317 (79.25%)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">1.0000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Adequate</td>
              <td align="center">27 (21.09%)</td>
              <td align="center">101 (78.91%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Lifestyle habits</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Physical activity at admission</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Inactive</td>
              <td align="center">66 (23.08%)</td>
              <td align="center">220 (76.92%)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0.3828</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Active</td>
              <td align="center">49 (19.6%)</td>
              <td align="center">201 (80.4%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Physical activity 30 days after admission</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Inactive</td>
              <td align="center">89 (20.37%)</td>
              <td align="center">348 (79.63%)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0.6298</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Active</td>
              <td align="center">11 (16.92%)</td>
              <td align="center">54 (83.08%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Physical activity 180 days after admission</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Inactive</td>
              <td align="center">62 (22.55%)</td>
              <td align="center">213 (77.45%)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0.2203</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Active</td>
              <td align="center">36 (17.56%)</td>
              <td align="center">169 (82.44%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Alcohol consumption</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">1.0000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">15 (22.06%)</td>
              <td align="center">53 (77.94%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">100 (21.37%)</td>
              <td align="center">368 (78.63%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Smoking</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0.6105</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">17 (18.89%)</td>
              <td align="center">73 (81.11%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">98 (21.97%)</td>
              <td align="center">348 (78.03%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Type of health care</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">&lt; 0.0001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Private</td>
              <td align="center">89 (29.47%)</td>
              <td align="center">213 (70.53%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Public</td>
              <td align="center">26 (11.11%)</td>
              <td align="center">208 (88.89%)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Chi-square test</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Regarding clinical conditions associated with readmission (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>), readmission rates were higher in patients with STEMI, dyslipidemias, chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, angina, AMI, and previous angioplasty.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Clinical conditions associated with readmissions in patients with acute coronary syndrome in Aracaju, Brazil, 2017</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" rowspan="2">Variable</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Readmission</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2">P value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
							</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center">Yes</th>
              <th align="center">No</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Type of ACS</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Unstable angina</td>
              <td align="center">20 (20.83%)</td>
              <td align="center">76 (79.17%)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3">0.0205</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">NSTEMI</td>
              <td align="center">56 (27.45%)</td>
              <td align="center">148 (72.55%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">STEMI</td>
              <td align="center">39 (16.53%)</td>
              <td align="center">197 (83.47%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Arterial hypertension</td>
              <td align="center">97 (22.99%)</td>
              <td align="center">325 (77.01%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.1255</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Dyslipidemias</td>
              <td align="center">81 (27.93%)</td>
              <td align="center">209 (72.07%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.0001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Diabetes mellitus</td>
              <td align="center">48 (25.81%)</td>
              <td align="center">138 (74.19%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.0933</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous CAD</td>
              <td align="center">59 (30.73%)</td>
              <td align="center">133 (69.27%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.0001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Congestive heart failure</td>
              <td align="center">39 (31.45%)</td>
              <td align="center">85 (68.55%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.0030</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Angina</td>
              <td align="center">66 (25.38%)</td>
              <td align="center">194 (74.62%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.0408</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous AMI</td>
              <td align="center">58 (30.53%)</td>
              <td align="center">132 (69.47%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.0002</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous angioplasty</td>
              <td align="center">31 (32.29%)</td>
              <td align="center">65 (67.71%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.0066</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous myocardial revascularization</td>
              <td align="center">12 (31.58%)</td>
              <td align="center">26 (68.42%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.1700</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous chronic kidney disease</td>
              <td align="center">18 (51.43%)</td>
              <td align="center">17 (48.57%)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>ACS: acute coronary syndrome; NSTEMI: acute myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI); STEMI: acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (STEMI); AMI: acute myocardial infarction; CAD: coronary artery disease; Chi-square test.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>With respect to the use of medications after hospital discharge (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>), only absence of statin 180 days after the ACS event was associated with hospital readmission.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Drug therapy associated with readmissions in patients with acute coronary syndrome in Aracaju, Brazil, 2017</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" rowspan="2">Variable</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Readmission</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2">P value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center">Yes</th>
              <th align="center">No</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Without ASA for 30 days</td>
              <td align="center">3 (15.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">16 (84.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">1.0000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Without antiplatelet agents for 30 days</td>
              <td align="center">9 (30.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">21 (70%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.2111</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Without statin for 30 days</td>
              <td align="center">6 (11.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">46 (88.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.2037</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Without &#946;-blockers for 30 days</td>
              <td align="center">12 (35.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">22 (64.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.0507</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Without ACEI and/or ARBs for 30 days</td>
              <td align="center">6 (15.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">34 (85.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.4259</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Without ASA for 180 days</td>
              <td align="center">5 (14.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">30 (85.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.4566</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Without antiplatelet agents for 180 days</td>
              <td align="center">9 (16.4%)</td>
              <td align="center">46 (83.6%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.5640</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Without statin for 180 days</td>
              <td align="center">8 (10.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">70 (89.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.0293</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Without &#946;-blockers for 180 days</td>
              <td align="center">12 (24.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">37 (75.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.6863</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Without ACEI and/or ARBs for 180 days</td>
              <td align="center">16 (24.6%)</td>
              <td align="center">49 (75.4%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.5628</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN3">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>acetylsalicylic acid (ASA); ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers; chi-square test or Fisher's exact test</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Factors associated with readmission were subjected to multiple logistic regression analysis (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 4</xref>). Type of health care and congestive heart failure showed statistical significance. Users of private health care services had higher odds of rehospitalization than those attending public health clinics. However, patients with previous congestive heart failure had 1.81 times greater odds of readmissions.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t4">
        <label>Table 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Multiple logistic regression of variables in patients with acute coronary syndrome in Aracaju, Brazil, 2017</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="33%"/>
            <col width="33%"/>
            <col width="33%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Variables</th>
              <th align="center">OR (95%CI)</th>
              <th align="center">P value</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male sex</td>
              <td align="center">0.78 (0.45; 1.38)</td>
              <td align="center">0.396</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Public health care</td>
              <td align="center">0.46 (0.21; 0.98)</td>
              <td align="center">0.048</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Elderly patients</td>
              <td align="center">1.11 (0.63; 1.99)</td>
              <td align="center">0.718</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Black/pardo race</td>
              <td align="center">0.58 (0.34; 1.00)</td>
              <td align="center">0.050</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Hypertension</td>
              <td align="center">1.72 (0.85; 3.73)</td>
              <td align="center">0.149</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Dyslipidemia</td>
              <td align="center">1.69 (0.96; 3.04)</td>
              <td align="center">0.073</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Diabetes mellitus</td>
              <td align="center">0.92 (0.53; 1.56)</td>
              <td align="center">0.749</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Congestive heart failure</td>
              <td align="center">1.81 (1.01; 3.21)</td>
              <td align="center">0.042</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Without statin for 180 days</td>
              <td align="center">0.76 (0.31; 1.70)</td>
              <td align="center">0.526</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">High school/higher education</td>
              <td align="center">1.56 (0.87; 2.85)</td>
              <td align="center">0.140</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Smoking</td>
              <td align="center">1.43 (0.65; 2.99)</td>
              <td align="center">0.356</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Alcohol consumption</td>
              <td align="center">1.93 (0.86; 4.22)</td>
              <td align="center">0.102</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">STEMI</td>
              <td align="center">1.30 (0.67; 2.61)</td>
              <td align="center">0.445</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">NSTEMI</td>
              <td align="center">0.97 (0.45; 2.13)</td>
              <td align="center">0.943</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN4">
            <p>OR: Odds Ratio; STEMI: acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (STEMI); NSTEMI: acute myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI)</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>The readmission rate of 21.46% found in the present study was similar to that (24.5%) reported in the study by Dreyer et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> who evaluated the rate of readmissions in 3,536 patients within one year after AMI in the USA. A study conducted in Canada with 3,411 patients of both sexes reported a higher readmission rate (61.7%) in one year after first hospitalization for ACS.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Rehospitalization rates in our study were also lower than those reported by Ricci et al.(47.9%),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> evaluating 30-day readmission in a complex care hospital. Sangu et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> believe that readmission rates can be influenced by the time period of evaluation following discharge. Readmission rates can also be affected by geographic factors in a population.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Readmission rate is also a predictor of the performance of hospital activities and the occurrence of complications after discharge,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> which can reflect the accessibility to primary health care services. Self-referral to hospitals may be explained by a difficult access to primary care services, and the idea of a treatment focused on acute rather than chronic care, which raises self-referral to complex care hospitals.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Readmission rates, however, are not always associated with the access to health care centers and quality of care provided. The rates may be associated with complexity of disease and patients' individual features, including socioeconomic status and disease severity. On the other hand, planned readmissions have been associated with the quality of hospital care.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The presence of other risk factors, particularly concomitant ones, increases the odds of readmission.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> The occurrence of comorbidities associated with ACS affects disease severity, and increases the need for invasive interventions. A study conducted by Belitardo &amp; Ayoub,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> that evaluated readmission in elderly patients, reported that SAH, sedentary lifestyle, dyslipidemia, DM, stress, smoking and obesity increased the odds of requiring invasive procedures and readmissions.</p>
      <p>Patient destination after discharge, which is related to disease severity, is also associated with 30-day readmission in patients with congestive heart failure, as discussed in the study by Mirkin et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> Patients had different destinations after discharge, and those requiring specialized support services had higher readmission rates.</p>
      <p>The diversity of causes of readmission reinforces the importance of the access to regional health services and the degree of coverage of health services to reduce risk factors and complications that may affect readmission outcomes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Therefore, strategies aimed at reducing the occurrence of readmission should include planning of discharge, promotion of health education of patients and family members, scheduling of patients' follow-up before and after discharge, appropriate use of medications, effective communication between patients and healthcare staff at discharge and between the hospital and follow-up care.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The present study showed that users of private health services showed higher odds of readmissions as compared with those attending public healthcare facilities. Also, the study showed an association between having access to private health services and the capacity of having health insurance. Thus, the type of health care is related to patients' socioeconomic status, race, educational attainment, family income and older age.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> In addition, the income may be associated with educational attainment, which indicates that people with higher education attainment have higher income and greater odds to have access to private health services. Therefore, users of health insurance plans have greater access to a high variety of health services,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> and an increase in the income is slightly associated with increasing acquisition of health insurance plans.</p>
      <p>According to a Brazilian household budget survey (POF, Pesquisa de Or&#231;amentos Familiares) conducted in 2008-2009,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> households spent an average of 5.9% of the family income with health care, including medications and health plans.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>
			</p>
      <p>A Brazilian nation-wide study by Malta et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> reported that in general, users of private health services are mostly women, white patients. Also, the use of health insurance plans is associated with socioeconomic status, reflected as race, educational attainment, family income and older age.</p>
      <p>On the other hand, the public system is characterized by a difficult access to treatment, including invasive therapies such as myocardial reperfusion and medical treatment. Also, due to improvements in notification and classification of these events, complex cases are prioritized to hospitalizations.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref> These findings corroborate previous results showing higher readmission rates in private health facilities than public ones.</p>
      <p>The main reasons of readmission were cardiac conditions (53%), mainly ACS, which accounted for 42.6% of the total. The high prevalence of cardiac causes of readmission was also reported by Khawaja et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> (69%) evaluating 30-day readmission rates after percutaneous coronary intervention. Belitardo and Ayoub<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> also found a higher frequency of ACS (41.6%) among readmissions.</p>
      <p>First hospitalization and readmission may occur for the same diagnosis due to the lack of resolution of the primary cause, which characterizes an avoidable readmission.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Avoidable readmissions are considered those that are the result of a situation that if managed differently might have prevented the admission.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>
			</p>
      <p>These findings were similar to those reported by Ricci et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> showing a higher prevalence of cardiac causes of readmissions. Besides, increased risk of readmissions due to cardiac causes after the first ACS event has been reported.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> In the study by Kwok et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref> although noncardiac causes were present in half of readmissions, cardiac causes were responsible for 46% of the cases, with chest pain of noncardiac origin and ACS the most prevalent diagnoses, respectively.</p>
      <p>Different risk predictors of hospital readmission have been described in the literature. This may be explained by different characteristics of the study populations, including the presence of comorbidities, and particularities of health care centers.</p>
      <p>Hospital readmissions may be related to several factors, such as patient's clinical condition, family and social support, and the quality of health care received during and after hospitalization. The high readmission rates draw attention to the need for the development of actions during hospitalization, at discharge, and during follow-up, considering patients' individual features, in order to reduce the number of readmissions.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Our study has some limitations that should be considered. The lack of detailed information about the medications used by the patients and possible losses to follow-up. The readmissions were evaluated in the four main and referral cardiology hospitals of the city and therefore, a higher number of readmissions was somehow expected; we did not evaluate the occurrence of readmission in other hospitals in the city or in other cities. In addition, among these four institutions, there was only one public hospital, which requires referral for admission. These factors may have led to an underestimation of readmissions. On the other hand, this study design can be used to measure predictor variables before the occurrence of readmissions.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>ACS was the main cause of readmissions within one year after the first admission, with higher prevalence among users of supplemental health care. The main determinants of readmission were the type of health care provided, and a previous diagnosis of congestive heart failure. The present study adds to the knowledge on determinants of readmission and may serve as a basis for implementation of assistance strategies that may reduce the occurrence of new admissions in medium- and long term, leading to better prognosis and lower costs to the health system.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Larissa Marina Santana, from Universidade Federal de Sergipe.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de Sergipe under the protocol number 2.203.855 / 302.544. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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            <given-names>Danielle G&#243;es da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1918-7122</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Rodrigo Santos Santos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto-Filho</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Augusto Soares</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">5</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">6</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida-Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos Ant&#244;nio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">7</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Joselina Luzia Meneses</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">5</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Buarque</surname>
            <given-names>Mirella Dornelas Batalha Moreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">8</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">9</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vieira</surname>
            <given-names>Diva Aliete dos Santos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">10</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#244;nio Carlos Sobral</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">5</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">6</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff11">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe - Departamento de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de, S&#227;o Cristov&#227;o, SE - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff12">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Federal de Educa&#231;&#227;o Ci&#234;ncia e Tecnologia de Sergipe, S&#227;o Cristov&#227;o, SE - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff13">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe - Departamento de Nutri&#231;&#227;o, S&#227;o Cristov&#227;o, SE - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff14">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe - Departamento de Estat&#237;stica, S&#227;o Cristov&#227;o, SE - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff15">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe - Departamento de Medicina, S&#227;o Cristov&#227;o, SE - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff16">
        <label>6</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Funda&#231;&#227;o S&#227;o Lucas - Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa, Aracaju, SE - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff17">
        <label>7</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Sa&#250;de e Ambiente da Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff18">
        <label>8</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Aracaju, SE - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff19">
        <label>9</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Funda&#231;&#227;o de Benefic&#234;ncia do Hospital Cirurgia, Aracaju, SE - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff20">
        <label>10</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe - Departamento de Nutri&#231;&#227;o, Lagarto, SE - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Larissa Marina Santana Mendon&#231;a de Oliveira</bold> Universidade Federal de Sergipe - R. Cl&#225;udio Batista, s/n - Palestina, CEP 49060-108, Aracaju, SE - Brasil E-mail: <email>nutrilarissamarina@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Oliveira LMSM, Costa IMNBC, Silva DG, Silva JRS, Buarque MDBM, Sousa ACS; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Oliveira LMSM, Costa IMNBC, Buarque MDBM, Sousa ACS; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Oliveira LMSM, Costa IMNBC, Silva DG, Silva JRS, Barreto Filho JAS, Almeida-Santos MA, Oliveira JLM, Vieira DAS, Sousa ACS; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Silva DG, Silva JRS, Vieira DAS; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Oliveira LMSM, Costa IMNBC, Silva DG, Barreto Filho JAS, Almeida-Santos MA, Oliveira JLM, Vieira DAS, Sousa ACS; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Oliveira LMSM, Silva DG, Barreto Filho JAS, Almeida-Santos MA, Oliveira JLM, Vieira DAS, Sousa ACS.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>A s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) &#233; respons&#225;vel por elevados n&#250;meros de admiss&#245;es e readmiss&#245;es hospitalares, os quais est&#227;o associados ao aumento dos custos para o paciente e para o sistema de sa&#250;de, bem como &#224; eleva&#231;&#227;o nas taxas de mortalidade hospitalar.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Investigar a reinterna&#231;&#227;o entre pacientes com SCA e seus determinantes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva de pacientes de ambos os sexos, adultos e idosos, diagnosticados com SCA. Foram avaliados, a partir dos registros dos hospitais locais p&#250;blicos e privados de refer&#234;ncia em cardiologia, a ocorr&#234;ncia de reinterna&#231;&#227;o em at&#233; 1 ano ap&#243;s interna&#231;&#227;o por SCA, o tempo entre as admiss&#245;es e o uso de medicamentos no momento da reinterna&#231;&#227;o. As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram associadas por meio do teste qui-quadrado, ou pelo teste exato de Fisher. Regress&#227;o log&#237;stica m&#250;ltipla foi utilizada para avaliar as vari&#225;veis preditoras da reinterna&#231;&#227;o. Adotou-se como crit&#233;rio de signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica um valor de p &lt; 0,05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>A ocorr&#234;ncia de reinterna&#231;&#245;es foi de 21,46% (n = 115), e o per&#237;odo m&#233;dio entre as interna&#231;&#245;es foi de 122,74 (DP 112,14) dias. Os pacientes avaliados eram, em sua maioria, do sexo masculino (64,0%), com m&#233;dia de idade de 63,15 anos (DP 12,26). Sete por cento apresentaram &#243;bito como progn&#243;stico da reinterna&#231;&#227;o, e 68,7% tiveram mais de uma reinterna&#231;&#227;o em 1 ano. As causas cardiovasculares, entre elas a recorr&#234;ncia da SCA, foram as mais prevalentes entre as reinterna&#231;&#245;es hospitalares. A assist&#234;ncia privada e o diagn&#243;stico de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva (ICC) foram associados a reinterna&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s a regress&#227;o log&#237;stica m&#250;ltipla.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>Conclui-se que a SCA foi a principal causa de reinterna&#231;&#227;o, sendo mais prevalente entre os usu&#225;rios da rede suplementar de sa&#250;de. As reinterna&#231;&#245;es associaram-se ao diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;vio de ICC e ao tipo de assit&#234;ncia &#224; sa&#250;de.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o/economia</kwd>
        <kwd>Readmiss&#227;o do Paciente/economia</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Assist&#234;ncia &#224; Sa&#250;de</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade Hospitalar</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores Socioecon&#244;micos</kwd>
        <kwd>Tratamento Farmacol&#243;gico/economia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Nos &#250;ltimos anos, as doen&#231;as isqu&#234;micas do cora&#231;&#227;o, dentre elas a SCA, apresentaram taxas crescentes de admiss&#245;es e readmiss&#245;es hospitalares.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> As readmiss&#245;es s&#227;o respons&#225;veis pelo aumento significativo nos custos para o paciente e para os sistemas de sa&#250;de p&#250;blico e privado, al&#233;m de maiores taxas de mortalidade hospitalar. O risco de morte nas readmiss&#245;es &#233; maior quando esse evento acontece por causas card&#237;acas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
				</p>
        <p>As readmiss&#245;es ap&#243;s o evento de SCA podem estar associadas a diferentes fatores, dentre eles, condi&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas como isquemia mioc&#225;rdica, fribrila&#231;&#227;o arterial e hipertens&#227;o n&#227;o controlada. Podem tamb&#233;m estar ligadas a fatores n&#227;o card&#237;acos, como ades&#227;o a terapia medicamentosa e etilismo, bem como a fatores psicol&#243;gicos, fatores socioecon&#244;micos e quest&#245;es relacionadas ao sistema de sa&#250;de.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Al&#233;m disso, elas se relacionam &#224; qualidade assistencial ofertada e ao gerenciamento inadequado das comorbidades na interna&#231;&#227;o e, por isso, funcionam como indicadores para avalia&#231;&#227;o de cuidados prestados pelas institui&#231;&#245;es de sa&#250;de.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> O tipo de assist&#234;ncia &#224; sa&#250;de em que o paciente est&#225; inserido tamb&#233;m influencia as taxas de readmiss&#245;es, pois reflete diferentes acessos aos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de e traduz desigualdades entre os indiv&#237;duos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Desse modo, este estudo objetiva avaliar as reinterna&#231;&#245;es de pacientes ap&#243;s a SCA na rede de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica e suplementar do estado de Sergipe e verificar a associa&#231;&#227;o da reinterna&#231;&#227;o com determinantes sociecon&#244;micos, de estilo de vida e cl&#237;nicos.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Delineamento do estudo</title>
          <p>Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva de pacientes com SCA, realizada entre agosto de 2017 e abril de 2018. Foram selecionados 581 pacientes com SCA no momento da primeira interna&#231;&#227;o, no per&#237;odo de outubro de 2013 a setembro de 2015, em quatro unidades hospitalares de refer&#234;ncia em cardiologia na cidade de Aracaju, Sergipe. Destas, tr&#234;s apresentavam servi&#231;os privados de sa&#250;de, e uma unidade, servi&#231;o p&#250;blico. Durante o estudo, os pacientes foram avaliados em tr&#234;s momentos: na admiss&#227;o hospitalar e decorridos 30 e 180 dias da SCA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
					</p>
          <p>O diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico de SCA na interna&#231;&#227;o, assim como do tipo (isquemia aguda [AI], infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST [IAMsSST] e infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST [IAMcSST]), foi coletado dos prontu&#225;rios hospitalares, representando a interpreta&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica de todos os dados cl&#237;nicos (com in&#237;cio de sintomas consistentes de isquemia aguda durante as 24 horas anteriores), e/ou da eleva&#231;&#227;o nos biomarcadores de isquemia card&#237;aca, confirmada por eletrocardiograma, ecodopplercardiograma ou cinecoronarioangiografia.</p>
          <p>De posse das informa&#231;&#245;es pessoais (nome, data de nascimento, data de interna&#231;&#227;o) dos pacientes participantes, foi realizada a busca ativa em prontu&#225;rios de todas as unidades hospitalares integrantes, a fim de identificar poss&#237;veis reinterna&#231;&#245;es em at&#233; 1 ano ap&#243;s o primeiro evento de interna&#231;&#227;o por SCA.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Amostra estudada</title>
          <p>Foi avaliada a ocorr&#234;ncia de reinterna&#231;&#227;o no per&#237;odo de at&#233; 1 ano ap&#243;s a primeira interna&#231;&#227;o na coorte de 581 pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de SCA participantes do estudo anterior. O fluxograma da amostra estudada est&#225; representado na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f2">
              <label>Figura 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Fluxograma da ocorr&#234;ncia de reinterna&#231;&#227;o, no per&#237;odo de at&#233; 1 ano ap&#243;s a primeira admiss&#227;o, de pacientes com SCA.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-01-0042-90104-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o</title>
          <p>Foram selecionados todos os pacientes identificados no momento basal do estudo, devido &#224; interna&#231;&#227;o por SCA nas unidades hospitalares de refer&#234;ncia em cardiologia na cidade de Aracaju, Sergipe.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o</title>
          <p>Foram exclu&#237;dos do estudo aqueles participantes que apresentaram &#243;bito intra-hospitalar durante a primeira interna&#231;&#227;o, os que foram a &#243;bito ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar e n&#227;o tiveram reinterna&#231;&#227;o subsequente, e aqueles que apresentaram readmiss&#227;o com menos de 24 horas de perman&#234;ncia hospitalar.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Vari&#225;veis analisadas</title>
          <sec>
            <title>Condi&#231;&#245;es socioecon&#244;micas dos participantes</title>
            <p>Os dados de identifica&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes foram obtidos do banco de dados do estudo realizado na primeira interna&#231;&#227;o, no per&#237;odo de outubro de 2013 a setembro de 2015,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> sendo utilizado um question&#225;rio semiestruturado no momento do internamento por SCA. Foram coletadas informa&#231;&#245;es referentes a grupo et&#225;rio (adulto e idoso), sexo (feminino e masculino), ra&#231;a autorreferida (branco, pardo e negro), n&#237;vel de escolaridade (mais ou menos de 9 anos de estudo), renda familiar <italic>per capita</italic> (menor que 1 sal&#225;rio/pessoa, entre 1 e 3 sal&#225;rios/pessoa, 3 a 5 sal&#225;rios/pessoa e maior que 5 sal&#225;rios/pessoa), tipo de assit&#234;ncia &#224; sa&#250;de (p&#250;blico e privado), h&#225;bitos de vida (etilismo e tabagismo autorreferidos pelo paciente ou acompanhante e pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica classificada pelo question&#225;rio internacional de atividade f&#237;sica [IPAQ, <italic>international physical activity questionnaire</italic>]), estado nutricional avaliado pelo &#237;ndice de massa corporal (IMC) (baixo peso, eutrofia e excesso de peso) e circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura (CC). Para a classifica&#231;&#227;o do IMC, foram considerados os pontos de corte propostos pela Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de (OMS)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> para adultos e pela Organiza&#231;&#227;o Pan-Americana de Sa&#250;de (OPAS)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> para idosos. A circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura foi classificada como adequada quando &lt; 80 cm para mulheres e &lt; 94 cm para homens.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
						</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Reinterna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar</title>
            <p>As reinterna&#231;&#245;es foram avaliadas por meio da busca ativa em prontu&#225;rios de atendimento nas quatro unidades hospitalares de refer&#234;ncia em cardiologia. Foram consideradas as readmiss&#245;es que aconteceram em at&#233; 1 ano ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar da interna&#231;&#227;o e foram coletadas informa&#231;&#245;es referentes a causas, datas das readmiss&#245;es hospitalares e uso de medicamentos em domic&#237;lio no momento da reinterna&#231;&#227;o. As informa&#231;&#245;es foram repassadas para um question&#225;rio estruturado.</p>
            <p>Todas as readmiss&#245;es foram categorizadas de acordo com o diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico principal de admiss&#227;o e com as causas (SCA, causas cardiovasculares e outras n&#227;o cardiovasculares).</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Terapia medicamentosa</title>
            <p>Ap&#243;s 30 e 180 dias da alta hospitalar da primeira interna&#231;&#227;o, foram obtidas informa&#231;&#245;es referentes ao uso ou n&#227;o das classes de medicamentos: antiagregante plaquet&#225;rio, estatinas, betabloqueador, inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina (IECA) e bloqueadores dos receptores de angiotensina (BRA). Tamb&#233;m foram coletadas informa&#231;&#245;es sobre o uso dessas classes de medicamentos em domic&#237;lio no momento da reinterna&#231;&#227;o, por meio da coleta nos prontu&#225;rios hospitalares.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica</title>
            <p>Os dados referentes &#224; pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica foram avaliados por meio do IPAQ.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Esse question&#225;rio classifica os pacientes em quatro categorias: muito ativo, ativo, irregularmente ativo e sedent&#225;rio; por&#233;m, neste estudo eles foram classificados em ativos (os que foram considerados pelo IPAQ como muito ativos e ativos) e n&#227;o ativos (aqueles classificados como irregularmente ativos e sedent&#225;rios). Esses dados foram coletados no momento do estudo pr&#233;vio, que avaliou, por meio de liga&#231;&#227;o telef&#244;nica, o n&#237;vel de atividade f&#237;sica no momento da admiss&#227;o, 30 e 180 dias ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar da interna&#231;&#227;o.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas</title>
            <p>Avaliou-se o tipo de SCA no momento da primeira admiss&#227;o, como tamb&#233;m a presen&#231;a pr&#233;via de hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica (HAS), diabetes melito (DM), dislipidemias, doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) , ICC, angina, infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM), angioplastia, revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio e doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica. Todas as vari&#225;veis foram categorizadas em presentes e ausentes (sim ou n&#227;o).</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
            <p>As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram expressas em frequ&#234;ncias absoluta e relativa, e as quantitativas foram submetidas ao teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, para a avalia&#231;&#227;o do pressuposto de normalidade de distribui&#231;&#227;o. As que preencheram o pressuposto da normalidade foram apresentadas por m&#233;dia e desvio-padr&#227;o. A associa&#231;&#227;o entre vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foi analisada por meio do teste do qui-quadrado ou pelo teste exato de Fisher, quando indicado. Adotou-se como crit&#233;rio de signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica um valor de p &lt; 0,05. As vari&#225;veis que apresentaram p-valor igual &lt; 0,20 ap&#243;s o teste de associa&#231;&#227;o e/ou que s&#227;o fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares foram submetidas &#224; regress&#227;o log&#237;stica m&#250;ltipla.</p>
            <p>Foram selecionadas 14 vari&#225;veis: sexo, tipo de assist&#234;ncia, ra&#231;a, idade, hipertens&#227;o, dislipidemia, DM, ICC, uso de estatina com 180 dias, escolaridade, tabagismo, etilismo e tipo da SCA como independentes do modelo de regress&#227;o, e reinterna&#231;&#227;o como vari&#225;vel dependente. Para esse modelo, foi utilizada a <italic>Odds Ratio</italic> (OR) com seus respectivos intervalos de confian&#231;a de 95%. O teste de qualidade de ajuste Hosmer-Lemeshow foi utilizado para avaliar a adequa&#231;&#227;o do modelo. Os dados foram analisados usando o software R, vers&#227;o 3.4.0 (The R Core Team, 2016).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
						</p>
          </sec>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>Foram eleg&#237;veis para o presente estudo 536 pacientes, cuja m&#233;dia de idade foi de 63,15 (DP 12,26) anos e, em sua maioria, do sexo masculino (63,99%). Identificaram-se 115 pacientes reinternados (21,46%). As reinterna&#231;&#245;es ocorreram, em m&#233;dia, em 122,74 dias ap&#243;s a primeira interna&#231;&#227;o (DP 112,14). Dos pacientes reinternados, 7% apresentaram &#243;bito como progn&#243;stico da reinterna&#231;&#227;o, e 68,7% tiveram outras reinterna&#231;&#245;es em 1 ano.</p>
        <p>Quanto &#224;s causas de reinterna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar, 42,61% ocorreram por SCA, 20,87% por outras causas cardiovasculares (hipertens&#227;o pulmonar, doen&#231;a obstrutiva perif&#233;rica, bloqueio atrioventricular do segundo grau e insufici&#234;ncia mitral) e 36,52% por outras causas n&#227;o cardiovasculares (desnutri&#231;&#227;o, insufici&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria, doen&#231;a renal, DM e complica&#231;&#245;es, transtorno n&#227;o especificado da fun&#231;&#227;o vestibular, diverticulite, hernioplastia, trauma e hiponatremia).</p>
        <p>Na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 1</xref>, s&#227;o apresentadas as associa&#231;&#245;es das vari&#225;veis socioecon&#244;micas com tipo de assist&#234;ncia &#224; sa&#250;de, estado nutricional e h&#225;bitos de vida com as reinterna&#231;&#245;es. Pacientes de cor branca, com maiores escolaridade e renda familiar e pertencentes ao tipo de assist&#234;ncia privada de sa&#250;de apresentaram maiores percentuais de reinterna&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas socioecon&#244;micas, estado nutricional, h&#225;bitos de vida e tipo de assist&#234;ncia &#224; sa&#250;de associados &#224; reinterna&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com SCA em Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil, 2017</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2">Vari&#225;vel (%)</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Reinterna&#231;&#227;o</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2">Valor de p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
								</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">Sim</th>
                <th align="center">N&#227;o</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Vari&#225;veis socioecon&#244;micas</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Sexo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">49 (25,39%)</td>
                <td align="center">144 (74,61%)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0,1201</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">66 (19,24%)</td>
                <td align="center">277 (80,76%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Ra&#231;a</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Branco</td>
                <td align="center">55 (29,73%)</td>
                <td align="center">130 (70,27%)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0,0008</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Negro/pardo</td>
                <td align="center">54 (16,67%)</td>
                <td align="center">270 (83,33%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Escolaridade</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&lt; 9 anos</td>
                <td align="center">44 (16,18%)</td>
                <td align="center">228 (83,82%)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0,0035</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#8805; 9 anos</td>
                <td align="center">71 (26,89%)</td>
                <td align="center">193 (73,11%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Renda familiar per capita</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#8804; 1 sal&#225;rio/pessoa</td>
                <td align="center">12 (12,63%)</td>
                <td align="center">83 (87,37%)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4" valign="top">0,0022</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&gt; 1 sal&#225;rio e &#8804; 3 sal&#225;rios/ pessoa</td>
                <td align="center">20 (14,93%)</td>
                <td align="center">114 (85,07%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&gt; 3 sal&#225;rios e &#8804; 5 sal&#225;rios/ pessoa</td>
                <td align="center">29 (23,97%)</td>
                <td align="center">92 (76,03%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&gt; 5 sal&#225;rios/pessoa</td>
                <td align="center">53 (29,12%)</td>
                <td align="center">129 (70,88%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Grupo et&#225;rio</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Adulto</td>
                <td align="center">35 (16,99%)</td>
                <td align="center">171 (83,01%)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0,0599</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idoso</td>
                <td align="center">80 (24,24%)</td>
                <td align="center">250 (75,76%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Estado nutricional</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>IMC</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Baixo peso</td>
                <td align="center">6 (18,18%)</td>
                <td align="center">27 (81,82%)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0,8271</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Eutrofia</td>
                <td align="center">48 (22,43%)</td>
                <td align="center">166 (77,57%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Excesso de peso</td>
                <td align="center">60 (20,91%)</td>
                <td align="center">227 (79,09%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Circunfer&#234;ncia abdominal</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Inadequada</td>
                <td align="center">83 (20,75%)</td>
                <td align="center">317 (79,25%)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">1,0000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Adequada</td>
                <td align="center">27 (21,09%)</td>
                <td align="center">101 (78,91%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>H&#225;bitos de vida</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Atividade f&#237;sica na admiss&#227;o hospitalar</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sedent&#225;rio</td>
                <td align="center">66 (23,08%)</td>
                <td align="center">220 (76,92%)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0,3828</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ativo</td>
                <td align="center">49 (19,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">201 (80,4%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Atividade f&#237;sica 30 dias ap&#243;s a interna&#231;&#227;o</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sedent&#225;rio</td>
                <td align="center">89 (20,37%)</td>
                <td align="center">348 (79,63%)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0,6298</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ativo</td>
                <td align="center">11 (16,92%)</td>
                <td align="center">54 (83,08%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Atividade f&#237;sica 180 dias ap&#243;s a interna&#231;&#227;o</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sedent&#225;rio</td>
                <td align="center">62 (22,55%)</td>
                <td align="center">213 (77,45%)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0,2203</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ativo</td>
                <td align="center">36 (17,56%)</td>
                <td align="center">169 (82,44%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Etilismo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">15 (22,06%)</td>
                <td align="center">53 (77,94%)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">1,0000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">100 (21,37%)</td>
                <td align="center">368 (78,63%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Tabagismo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">17 (18,89%)</td>
                <td align="center">73 (81,11%)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0,6105</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">98 (21,97%)</td>
                <td align="center">348 (78,03%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Tipo de assist&#234;ncia</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Privado</td>
                <td align="center">89 (29,47%)</td>
                <td align="center">213 (70,53%)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">&lt; 0,0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">P&#250;blico</td>
                <td align="center">26 (11,11%)</td>
                <td align="center">208 (88,89%)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN5">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Teste qui-quadrado.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Quanto &#224;s condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas associadas &#224; reinterna&#231;&#227;o (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 2</xref>), constatou-se que houve mais reinterna&#231;&#245;es entre os pacientes com IAMsSST, dislipidemias, doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica, ICC, angina, DAC , IAM e angioplastia pr&#233;vias.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas associadas &#224;s reinterna&#231;&#245;es de pacientes com SCA em Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil, 2017</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Reinterna&#231;&#227;o</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2">Valor de p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">*</xref>
								</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">Sim</th>
                <th align="center">N&#227;o</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tipo de SCA</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Angina inst&#225;vel</td>
                <td align="center">20 (20,83%)</td>
                <td align="center">76 (79,17%)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3">0,0205</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IAMsSST</td>
                <td align="center">56 (27,45%)</td>
                <td align="center">148 (72,55%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IAMcSST</td>
                <td align="center">39 (16,53%)</td>
                <td align="center">197 (83,47%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o arterial</td>
                <td align="center">97 (22,99%)</td>
                <td align="center">325 (77,01%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,1255</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dislipidemias</td>
                <td align="center">81 (27,93%)</td>
                <td align="center">209 (72,07%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diabetes melito</td>
                <td align="center">48 (25,81%)</td>
                <td align="center">138 (74,19%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,0933</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">DAC pr&#233;via</td>
                <td align="center">59 (30,73%)</td>
                <td align="center">133 (69,27%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ICC</td>
                <td align="center">39 (31,45%)</td>
                <td align="center">85 (68,55%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,0030</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Angina</td>
                <td align="center">66 (25,38%)</td>
                <td align="center">194 (74,62%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,0408</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IAM pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">58 (30,53%)</td>
                <td align="center">132 (69,47%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,0002</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Angioplastia pr&#233;via</td>
                <td align="center">31 (32,29%)</td>
                <td align="center">65 (67,71%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,0066</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Resvasculariza&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via do mioc&#225;rdio</td>
                <td align="center">12 (31,58%)</td>
                <td align="center">26 (68,42%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,1700</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica pr&#233;via</td>
                <td align="center">18 (51,43%)</td>
                <td align="center">17 (48,57%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN6">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Teste qui-quadrado. SCA: s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; IAMsSST: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST; IAMcSST: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST; DAC: doen&#231;a aguda coronariana; ICC: insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao uso da terapia medicamentosa ap&#243;s a primeira alta hospitalar (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Tabela 3</xref>), apenas a aus&#234;ncia da estatina nos 180 dias ap&#243;s a SCA esteve associada &#224; reinterna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t7">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Terapia medicamentosa associada &#224;s reinterna&#231;&#245;es de pacientes com SCA em Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil, 2017</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Reinterna&#231;&#227;o</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2">Valor de p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">*</xref>
								</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">Sim</th>
                <th align="center">N&#227;o</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sem AAS em 30 dias</td>
                <td align="center">3 (15,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">16 (84,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">1,0000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sem antiagregante plaquet&#225;rio em 30 dias</td>
                <td align="center">9 (30,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">21 (70%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,2111</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sem estatina em 30 dias</td>
                <td align="center">6 (11,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">46 (88,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,2037</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sem &#946;-bloqueador em 30 dias</td>
                <td align="center">12 (35,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">22 (64,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,0507</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sem IECA e/ou BRA em 30 dias</td>
                <td align="center">6 (15,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">34 (85,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,4259</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sem AAS em 180 dias</td>
                <td align="center">5 (14,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">30 (85,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,4566</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sem antiagregante plaquet&#225;rio em 180 dias</td>
                <td align="center">9 (16,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">46 (83,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,5640</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sem estatina em 180 dias</td>
                <td align="center">8 (10,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">70 (89,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,0293</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sem &#946;-bloqueador em 180 dias</td>
                <td align="center">12 (24,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">37 (75,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,6863</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sem IECA e/ou BRA em 180 dias</td>
                <td align="center">16 (24,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">49 (75,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,5628</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN7">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Teste qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher. IECA: inibidor da enzima conversora de angiotensina; BRA: bloqueadores dos receptores da angiotensina.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Os fatores associados &#224; reinterna&#231;&#227;o foram submetidos &#224; regress&#227;o log&#237;stica m&#250;ltipla, e as vari&#225;veis est&#227;o apresentadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Tabela 4</xref>. As vari&#225;veis tipo de assist&#234;ncia e ICC apresentaram signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica, de modo que pessoas assistidas pelo sistema privado de sa&#250;de apresentaram maior chance de reinterna&#231;&#227;o quando comparadas &#224;quelas atendidas pelo sistema p&#250;blico. Por&#233;m, foi observado que pessoas que apresentaram ICC anterior &#224; reinterna&#231;&#227;o tinham 1,81 mais chance de readmiss&#227;o hospitalar.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t8">
          <label>Tabela 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Regress&#227;o log&#237;stica m&#250;ltipla das vari&#225;veis referentes aos pacientes com SCA em Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil, 2017</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="33%"/>
              <col width="33%"/>
              <col width="33%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th align="center">OR (IC 95%)</th>
                <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sexo masculino</td>
                <td align="center">0,78 (0,45; 1,38)</td>
                <td align="center">0,396</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Assist&#234;ncia p&#250;blica</td>
                <td align="center">0,46 (0,21; 0,98)</td>
                <td align="center">0,048</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idoso</td>
                <td align="center">1,11 (0,63; 1,99)</td>
                <td align="center">0,718</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ra&#231;a - negro/pardo</td>
                <td align="center">0,58 (0,34; 1,00)</td>
                <td align="center">0,050</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">1,72 (0,85; 3,73)</td>
                <td align="center">0,149</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dislipidemia</td>
                <td align="center">1,69 (0,96; 3,04)</td>
                <td align="center">0,073</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">DM</td>
                <td align="center">0,92 (0,53; 1,56)</td>
                <td align="center">0,749</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ICC</td>
                <td align="center">1,81 (1,01; 3,21)</td>
                <td align="center">0,042</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sem estatina por 180 dias</td>
                <td align="center">0,76 (0,31; 1,70)</td>
                <td align="center">0,526</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ensino m&#233;dio/superior</td>
                <td align="center">1,56 (0,87; 2,85)</td>
                <td align="center">0,140</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tabagismo</td>
                <td align="center">1,43 (0,65; 2,99)</td>
                <td align="center">0,356</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Etilismo</td>
                <td align="center">1,93 (0,86; 4,22)</td>
                <td align="center">0,102</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IAMsSST</td>
                <td align="center">1,30 (0,67; 2,61)</td>
                <td align="center">0,445</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IAMcSST</td>
                <td align="center">0,97 (0,45; 2,13)</td>
                <td align="center">0,943</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN8">
              <p>OR: Odds Ratio; DM: diabetes melito; ICC: insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva; IAMsSST: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST; IAMcSST: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>A taxa de readmiss&#227;o de 21,46% encontrada no presente estudo foi semelhante &#224; preval&#234;ncia de 24,5% de readmiss&#227;o encontrada no estudo de Dreyer et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> que avaliaram readmiss&#245;es em 1 ano em 3.536 pacientes ap&#243;s IAM nos EUA. Entretanto, maior taxa foi encontrada em estudo realizado no Canad&#225;, com 3.411 pacientes de ambos os sexos, que observou taxa de readmiss&#227;o hospitalar de 61,7% ap&#243;s 1 ano da primeira hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por SCA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
				</p>
        <p>As taxas de reinterna&#231;&#227;o atuais apresentaram-se inferiores tamb&#233;m aos valores encontrados por Ricci et al. (47,9%),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> quando avaliaram readmiss&#227;o em at&#233; 30 dias em um hospital de alta complexidade. Outro estudo apresentou taxas menores para ocorr&#234;ncia de outros eventos em at&#233; 30 dias. Sangu et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> acreditam que o tempo considerado na avalia&#231;&#227;o entre as admiss&#245;es hospitalares influencia na taxa de reinterna&#231;&#227;o. As taxas de readmiss&#227;o tamb&#233;m podem ser influenciadas por quest&#245;es geogr&#225;ficas da popula&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
				</p>
        <p>As taxas de readmiss&#227;o funcionam como preditor para avalia&#231;&#227;o do desempenho das atividades hospitalares, como tamb&#233;m na avalia&#231;&#227;o do surgimento de complica&#231;&#245;es p&#243;s-alta,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> podendo refletir o funcionamento do acesso aos servi&#231;os b&#225;sicos de sa&#250;de. A procura pelo servi&#231;o hospitalar pode acontecer devido &#224; dificuldade no acesso a consultas em n&#237;vel prim&#225;rio, como tamb&#233;m em fun&#231;&#227;o da ideia do tratamento voltado para a agudiza&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a, e n&#227;o para a cronicidade, o que aumenta a procura por servi&#231;os de alta complexidade.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Por outro lado, nem sempre as taxas de reinterna&#231;&#227;o est&#227;o associadas &#224; qualidade e ao acesso dos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de. Elas podem estar ligadas &#224; complexidade m&#233;dica e a fatores individuais do paciente, como condi&#231;&#245;es socioecon&#244;micas e gravidade da doen&#231;a. Entretanto, quando as readmiss&#245;es hospitalares ocorrem de forma planejada, est&#227;o relacionadas com a qualidade do servi&#231;o hospitalar prestado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A exist&#234;ncia de outros fatores de risco, especialmente quando eles acontecem simultaneamente, aumenta as chances de reinterna&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> A ocorr&#234;ncia de comorbidades cl&#237;nicas associadas &#224; SCA interfere na gravidade da doen&#231;a e, consequentemente, na necessidade de maiores interven&#231;&#245;es invasivas. Estudo realizado por Belitardo e Ayoub,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> avaliando a readmiss&#227;o hospitalar em idosos, observou que HAS, sedentarismo, dislipidemias, DM, estresse, tabagismo e obesidade aumentaram a chance de realiza&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos invasivos e a necessidade de readmiss&#227;o.</p>
        <p>O destino dos cuidados do paciente ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar, que tamb&#233;m reflete a gravidade da doen&#231;a, est&#225; associado &#224; readmiss&#227;o, conforme &#233; discutido no estudo de Mirkin et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> que avaliou readmiss&#227;o em 30 dias ap&#243;s ICC. Os pacientes avaliados apresentaram diferentes destinos de alta, e os que precisaram de suporte especializado reinternaram mais do que aqueles que tiveram alta hospitalar.</p>
        <p>A diversidade de causas individuais que desencadeiam as readmiss&#245;es refor&#231;a a necessidade de acesso a cuidados de sa&#250;de regionais e da abrang&#234;ncia de cuidados para reduzir fatores de risco e complica&#231;&#245;es secund&#225;rias que apresentam potencial no desfecho de reinterna&#231;&#245;es.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> Portanto, estrat&#233;gias com o objetivo reduzir os n&#250;meros de readmiss&#245;es incluem planejamento de alta, promo&#231;&#227;o de educa&#231;&#227;o em sa&#250;de do paciente e seus familiares, agendamento do acompanhamento antes da alta, uso adequado de medica&#231;&#227;o, realiza&#231;&#227;o da comunica&#231;&#227;o entre paciente e equipe de sa&#250;de na alta hospitalar, comunica&#231;&#227;o com a aten&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial e manuten&#231;&#227;o do contato para realizar o acompanhamento.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Este estudo verificou que usu&#225;rios da assist&#234;ncia privada apresentaram maior chance de reinterna&#231;&#227;o quando comparados &#224;queles assistidos pelo servi&#231;o p&#250;blico. Al&#233;m disso, concluiu-se que ter acesso &#224; assist&#234;ncia privada relaciona-se ao poder de aquisi&#231;&#227;o de planos de sa&#250;de. Desse modo, o tipo de assist&#234;ncia &#224; sa&#250;de em que o paciente est&#225; inserido reflete o padr&#227;o socioecon&#244;mico da popula&#231;&#227;o, como ra&#231;a, escolaridade, renda e faixas et&#225;rias mais velhas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> Ademais, a renda pode estar associada &#224; escolaridade, o que indica que pessoas com maior escolaridade podem ter maior renda e, consequentemente, mais condi&#231;&#245;es de adquirir servi&#231;os privados de sa&#250;de, os quais apresentam maior facilidade de acesso. Portanto, pessoas com planos de sa&#250;de contam com mais acesso &#224; sa&#250;de e aos distintos recursos oferecidos,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> e o aumento de renda da popula&#231;&#227;o est&#225; ligeiramente associado &#224; crescente aquisi&#231;&#227;o de planos e acesso &#224; sa&#250;de.</p>
        <p>Segundo a Pesquisa de Or&#231;amentos Familiares (POF) 2008-2009,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> os domic&#237;lios brasileiros gastaram, em m&#233;dia, 5,9% da renda familiar com assist&#234;ncia &#224; sa&#250;de, incluindo custos com medicamentos e planos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Estudo nacional realizado por Malta et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> constatou que os servi&#231;os privados s&#227;o mais adquiridos pelas mulheres e pessoas de ra&#231;a branca, contexto que refor&#231;a desigualdades no acesso aos servi&#231;os pela popula&#231;&#227;o. Observa-se, tamb&#233;m, que o uso de planos de sa&#250;de est&#225; relacionado ao padr&#227;o socioecon&#244;mico da popula&#231;&#227;o, refletido em fatores como ra&#231;a, escolaridade, renda e faixas et&#225;rias mais velhas.</p>
        <p>Em contrapartida, o sistema p&#250;blico &#233; caracterizado pela dificuldade de acesso ao tratamento, incluindo terapias invasivas, como reperfus&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio, e utiliza&#231;&#227;o de medidas cl&#237;nicas no tratamento da doen&#231;a. Al&#233;m disso, devido &#224; melhora nas notifica&#231;&#245;es e na classifica&#231;&#227;o dos eventos nesse sistema, a interna&#231;&#227;o &#233; priorizada para casos mais complexos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref> Esses fatos corroboram com os resultados de maiores taxas de reinterna&#231;&#227;o no servi&#231;o privado observados no presente estudo.</p>
        <p>As maiores causas de readmiss&#227;o as card&#237;acas (53%), em especial a SCA, que apresentou 42,6% do total. A elevada preval&#234;ncia por causas card&#237;acas tamb&#233;m foi encontrada no estudo de Khawaja et al. (69%),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> quando avaliadas as readmiss&#245;es em 30 dias ap&#243;s interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea. Belitardo e Ayoub<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> tamb&#233;m encontraram maior frequ&#234;ncia de SCA (41,6%) entre as readmiss&#245;es.</p>
        <p>A repeti&#231;&#227;o do diagn&#243;stico da interna&#231;&#227;o no segundo evento pode estar relacionada com a n&#227;o resolutividade das causas, caracterizando uma readmiss&#227;o evit&#225;vel.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> As readmiss&#245;es evit&#225;veis s&#227;o entendidas como o resultado de uma situa&#231;&#227;o que, se fosse gerida de outra maneira, n&#227;o apresentaria o desfecho de nova admiss&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Esses resultados tamb&#233;m foram semelhantes ao observado por Ricci et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> que encontraram maior preval&#234;ncia de causas card&#237;acas entre as reinterna&#231;&#245;es. Al&#233;m disso, existe uma eleva&#231;&#227;o do risco de morte quando as readmiss&#245;es hospitalares acontecem por causas card&#237;acas ap&#243;s o primeiro evento por SCA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Embora um resultado diferente tenha sido encontrado no estudo realizado por Kwok et al,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref> as causas n&#227;o card&#237;acas estiveram presentes em metade das reinterna&#231;&#245;es, e as card&#237;acas representaram 46% dos casos, sendo a dor tor&#225;cica por causa n&#227;o card&#237;aca e a SCA os diagn&#243;sticos mais prevalentes, respectivamente.</p>
        <p>A exist&#234;ncia de diferentes preditores de risco de readmiss&#227;o na literatura ocorre devido &#224;s distintas caracter&#237;sticas dos participantes avaliados, incluindo presen&#231;a de comorbidades e peculiaridades dos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de.</p>
        <p>As readmiss&#245;es podem ser reflexo de v&#225;rios fatores, como a situa&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica do paciente, o suporte familiar e social, e a qualidade assistencial recebida durante e ap&#243;s o internamento. Essas taxas atuam como alerta, a fim de incentivar o desenvolvimento de a&#231;&#245;es durante a interna&#231;&#227;o e na alta hospitalar, como tamb&#233;m os cuidados no per&#237;odo p&#243;s-alta e com as condi&#231;&#245;es individuais do paciente, reduzindo o n&#250;mero de reinterna&#231;&#245;es.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Cabe mencionar como limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo a aus&#234;ncia de detalhamento sobre os medicamentos investigados e a possibilidade de perda no seguimento, j&#225; que as reinterna&#231;&#245;es foram identificadas nos quatro principais hospitais de cardiologia do munic&#237;pio, onde realmente j&#225; se esperava maior identifica&#231;&#227;o de reinterna&#231;&#227;o, por serem os hospitais de refer&#234;ncia da coorte, n&#227;o sendo investigada a ocorr&#234;ncia de reinterna&#231;&#227;o em outros hospitais do munic&#237;pio ou fora dele.</p>
        <p>Al&#233;m disso, foi avaliado apenas um hospital da rede p&#250;blica de sa&#250;de, que necessita de referenciamento para a admiss&#227;o. Esses fatores podem levar a uma subestima&#231;&#227;o nas taxas de ocorr&#234;ncia de reinterna&#231;&#227;o do estudo. Por outro lado, destaca-se a import&#226;ncia desse tipo de delineamento para a mensura&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis preditoras antes da reinterna&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>A SCA foi a principal causa de reinterna&#231;&#227;o em at&#233; um ano ap&#243;s o primeiro evento, sendo mais prevalente entre os usu&#225;rios da rede suplementar de sa&#250;de. Os principais determinantes da reiterna&#231;&#227;o durante o per&#237;odo avaliado foram o tipo de assist&#234;ncia &#224; sa&#250;de e o diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;vio de ICC. Diante disso, o presente trabalho contribui para o conhecimento dos determinantes da reinterna&#231;&#227;o e possibilita a implementa&#231;&#227;o de estrat&#233;gias assistenciais que, em m&#233;dio e longo prazos, possam atuar na redu&#231;&#227;o de novas admiss&#245;es, com vistas ao melhor progn&#243;stico e &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o de custos para os sistemas de sa&#250;de.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>
              <bold>Full texts in English - <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.arquivosonline.com.br">http://www.arquivosonline.com.br</ext-link></bold>
            </italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>Fontes de financiamento</p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de disserta&#231;&#227;o de Mestrado de Larissa Marina Santana pela Universidade Federal de Sergipe.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</p>
          <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica da Universidade Federal de Sergipe sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 2.203.855 / 302.544. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
