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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">5js58FpbXGxSmJgsFPj4qgt</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000700020</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2019005010106</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190109</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Application of Risks Scores in Acute Coronary Syndromes. How Does ProACS Hold Up Against Other Risks Scores?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0277-4512</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gil</surname>
            <given-names>J&#250;lio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Abreu</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4431-8219</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Antunes</surname>
            <given-names>Hugo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gon&#231;alves</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Lu&#237;sa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pires</surname>
            <given-names>Maria In&#234;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s Ferreira dos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Henriques</surname>
            <given-names>Carla</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Matos</surname>
            <given-names>Ana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cabral</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Costa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Jorge Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de S&#227;o Teot&#243;nio</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Viseu</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de S&#227;o Teot&#243;nio, Viseu - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Polit&#233;cnico de Viseu e CI&amp;DETS</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Viseu</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Polit&#233;cnico de Viseu e CI&amp;DETS, Viseu - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Coimbra (CMUC)</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Centro de Matem&#225;tica</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Coimbra</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro de Matem&#225;tica da Universidade de Coimbra (CMUC), Coimbra - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: J&#250;lio Gil</bold> Hospital de S&#227;o Teot&#243;nio - Av. Rei D. Duarte. 3504 509 - Viseu - Portugal Email: <email>juliogilpereira@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Gil J, Santos LF; Acquisition of data: Gil J, Abreu L, Antunes H, Gon&#231;alves ML, Pires MI; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Gil J, Abreu L, Antunes H, Gon&#231;alves ML, Pires MI, Santos LF, Henriques C, Matos A; Statistical analysis: Gil J, Henriques C, Matos A; Writing of the manuscript: Gil J, Abreu L, Antunes H; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Santos LF, Cabral JC, Santos JO.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>113</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>20</fpage>
      <lpage>30</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Multiple risk scores (RS) are approved in the prediction of worse prognosis in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Recently, the Portuguese Journal of Cardiology has proposed the ProACS RS.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>Application of several validated RS, as well as ProACS in patients, admitted for ACS. Evaluation of each RS's performance in predicting in-hospital mortality and the occurrence of all-cause mortality or non-fatal ACS at one-year follow-up and compare them to the ProACS RS.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>A retrospective study of ACS was performed. The following RS were applied: GRACE, ACTION Registry-GWTG, PURSUIT, TIMI, EMMACE, SRI, CHA2DS2-VASc-HS, C-ACS and ProACS. ROC Curves were created to determine the predictive power for each RS and then were directly compared to ProACS.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>The ProACS, ACTION Registry-GWTG and GRACE showed a c-statistics of 0.908, 0.904 and 0.890 for predicting in-hospital mortality, respectively, performing better in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients. The other RS performed satisfactorily, with c-statistics over 0.750, apart from the CHA2DS2-VASc-HS and C-ACS which underperformed. All RS underperformed in predicting worse long-term prognosis revealing c-statistics under 0.700.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>ProACS is an easily obtained risk score for early stratification of in-hospital mortality. When evaluating all RS, the ProACS, ACTION Registry-GWTG and GRACE RS showed the best performance, demonstrating high capability of predicting a worse prognosis. ProACS was able to demonstrate statistically significant superiority when compared to almost all RS. Thus, the ProACS has showed that it is able to combine simplicity in the calculation of the score with good performance in predicting a worse prognosis.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Acute Coronary Syndrome/prognosis</kwd>
        <kwd>ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospital Mortality, Risk Assessment/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Survival Rate/methods</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> In the past three to four decades, studies have shown a significant reduction in acute and long-term mortality by acute coronary syndromes (ACS).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> This is attributed to improvements in medical therapy and invasive strategies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> However, ACS represent a heterogeneous group, with varying risk of morbimortality.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Several risk stratification models have been developed to determine which patients carry a higher probability of worst outcome.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Early risk stratification is crucial to ensure a tailored approach to each individual patient, weighing both the risks and benefits of each treatment option.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Recently, there has been a systematic approach to risk assessment, with the creation of a myriad of risks scores (RS).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Perhaps, the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) Risk Score<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> is the most widely recognized RS in ACS. According to the most recent European guidelines, the GRACE risk score is recommended when stratifying risk in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and/or unstable angina (NSTEMI/UA).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> However, there are several other known RS, such as: the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) for STEMI;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> the Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy (PURSUIT);<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> the Simple Risk Index (SRI);<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> the Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events (EMMACE);<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> and more recently, the Canada Acute Coronary Syndrome (C-ACS),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> the CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS score,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> and the ACTION (Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network) Registry-GWTG.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In 2016, the Portuguese Journal of Cardiology published a new risk score, formulated using the Portuguese Registry on Acute Coronary Syndromes. The Portuguese Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes was established in 2002,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> under the auspice of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology. It is an observational, multicentric, nationwide prospective study in which each hospital participates with data from all patients admitted for ACS. The group developed the simple but effective ProACS risk score for predicting in-hospital mortality, which can be easily applied even in a pre-hospital setting.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The objective of this article is to calculate all of the RS in patients admitted for ACS, in a single-centre study. The authors evaluate each RS's performance in predicting in-hospital mortality and compare them specifically to the ProACS RS. The authors also determine each RS's performance at predicting worse outcome in STEMI and NSTEMI/UA independently. Finally, the authors access each RS&#180;s ability to predict mortality and recurring ACS at one-year follow-up.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <p>This is a retrospective study of patients admitted for ACS to a Coronary Care Unit of a centralized hospital, from December 2006 to May 2016. Only patients presenting with a history of chest pain at rest or other symptoms suggestive of an ACS with or without new significant ST-segment or T-wave changes, new left bundle branch block or elevated biomarkers of myocardial damage were included. Of the 1714 patients included in the study period, 1452 were selected, with the remaining patients being excluded due to missing data. The population sample of this study was not included in the development cohort used to formulate the ProACS risk score,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> although it has been included in the validation cohorts.</p>
      <p>The following RS were calculated for all patients: GRACE, TIMI for STEMI, PURSUIT, SRI, EMMACE, C-ACS, CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS, ACTION Registry-GWTG and ProACS. All RS were calculated using data from the initial clinical history, electrocardiogram and laboratory values collected on admission. All patients included were followed up for at least one year or until the occurrence of a major event. The primary endpoint of this study was in-hospital mortality and the combination of all-cause mortality or non-fatal ACS at one-year follow-up.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>Categorical variables were characterized by percentages. Group comparisons, with respect to these variables, were performed through chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Numeric continuous variables were expressed as mean &#177; standard deviation and RS as median with interquartile range, given their ordinal nature. Group comparisons were achieved through the Mann-Whitney test since the normality assumption was not satisfied for any of the studied numeric variables. Comparative analyses were carried out in relation to demographic variables, therapeutic strategies and general outcome parameters. The RS was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and their area under the curve (AUC), with respect to their ability to differentiate patients with and without adverse clinical events, regarding in-hospital mortality and the combination of all-cause mortality or non-fatal ACS at one-year follow-up. The comparison of AUCs, for each RS with ProACS, was done by the method described by DeLong et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> The Hosmer-Lemeshow Test<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> was used to evaluate the goodness of fit for each risk score. Two-sided <italic>p</italic>-values are reported and a p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and MedCalc version 18.2.1 (MedCalc Software, Osted, Belgium).</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Baseline characteristics and univariate predictors of worse outcome</title>
        <p>A total of 1,452 patients were included in this study. The baseline characteristics are displayed in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>. Regarding in-hospital mortality, 6.5% of the patients died. At one-year follow-up, 9.9% of the patients either died or suffered a non-fatal ACS.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Characterization of the population (n=1,452)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="50%"/>
              <col width="50%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Male gender, %</th>
                <th align="center">70%</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Age, years</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">69.09 &#177; 13.2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Type of ACS</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">STEMI</td>
                <td align="center">45.1%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">NSTEMI/UA</td>
                <td align="center">52.0%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ACS with left bundle branch block</td>
                <td align="center">2.3%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ACS with pacing rhythm</td>
                <td align="center">0.6%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Systolic Blood Pressure at admission, mmHg</td>
                <td align="center">140.54 &#177; 30.4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diastolic Blood Pressure at admission, mmHg</td>
                <td align="center">81.79 &#177; 17.7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Heart rate, beats per minute</td>
                <td align="center">79.29 &#177; 21.1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Killip-Kimbal class at admission</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">I</td>
                <td align="center">70.7%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">II</td>
                <td align="center">22.0%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">III</td>
                <td align="center">5.0%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IV</td>
                <td align="center">2.3%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Maximum Killip-Kimbal class</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">I</td>
                <td align="center">57.2%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">II</td>
                <td align="center">27.3%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">III</td>
                <td align="center">6.0%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IV</td>
                <td align="center">9.4%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Risk Factors</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hypertension</td>
                <td align="center">65.8%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dyslipidaemia</td>
                <td align="center">46.6%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Smoking habits</td>
                <td align="center">24.3%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diabetes mellitus</td>
                <td align="center">26.6%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Previous known coronary disease</td>
                <td align="center">19.5%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Chronic kidney disease</td>
                <td align="center">9.7%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Cerebrovascular disease</td>
                <td align="center">9.4%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Previous medication</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Statin</td>
                <td align="center">35.0%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">iRAAS</td>
                <td align="center">48.1%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Beta-blocker</td>
                <td align="center">17.5%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Antiplatelet therapy</td>
                <td align="center">34.4%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Laboratory values</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hemoglobin, g/dL</td>
                <td align="center">13.95 &#177; 2.5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Creatinine, mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">1.20 &#177; 1.6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">High sensitivity troponin I at admission, ng/dL</td>
                <td align="center">15.92 &#177; 49.7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Maximum troponin I, ng/dL</td>
                <td align="center">69.68 &#177; 104.7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Brain Natriuretic Peptide, pg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">552.58 &#177; 708.0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Medication and therapeutic strategy during hospitalization</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">iRAAS</td>
                <td align="center">81.9%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Beta-blocker</td>
                <td align="center">59.6%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nitrates</td>
                <td align="center">32.4%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Antiarrhythmics</td>
                <td align="center">13.6%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Inotropes</td>
                <td align="center">12.3%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Invasive strategy</td>
                <td align="center">79.9%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, %</td>
                <td align="center">53.80 &#177; 12.3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hospitalization days</td>
                <td align="center">7.3 &#177; 5.0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Risk Scores</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">TIMI for STEMI</td>
                <td align="center">5 (3-7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">PURSUIT</td>
                <td align="center">13 (10-14)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">SRI</td>
                <td align="center">26.04 (17.82 - 37.24)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">GRACE</td>
                <td align="center">144 (112-178.75)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">EMMACE</td>
                <td align="center">0.15 (0.06 - 0.33)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS</td>
                <td align="center">4 (3-5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ACTION Registry-GWTG</td>
                <td align="center">34 (27-44)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">C-ACS</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1-1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ProACS</td>
                <td align="center">2 (1-3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">In-hospital Death</td>
                <td align="center">6.5%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">All-cause mortality and non-fatal ACS at 1-year follow-up</td>
                <td align="center">9.9%</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>ACS: acute coronary syndrome; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI/UA: non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction/ unstable angina; iRAAS: renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors. TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; PURSUIT: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy; SRI: Simple Risk Index; GRACE: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; EMMACE: Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events; C-ACS: Canada Acute Coronary Syndrome. Chronic kidney disease defined as reduction of glomerular filtration rate of under 60 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref> displays the univariate predictors for in-hospital mortality and for all-cause mortality and non-fatal ACS at one-year follow-up. Regarding in-hospital mortality, it is evident that older patients have higher mortality, with chronic kidney disease being associated with a worse prognosis. The clinical presentation also influences the outcome. Lower blood pressure and higher heart rate, as well as higher Killip-Kimball (KK) class, were linked to a higher mortality rate. It is also evident that lower haemoglobin and higher creatinine, troponin and brain natriuretic peptide values is associated with a worse prognosis, as well as a lower left ventricular ejection fraction. Regarding the occurrence of events at one-year, follow-up older and female patients tend to have higher mortality. NSTEMI/UA is associated with a worse prognosis. Lower diastolic blood pressure, a higher heart rate and KK class are associated with higher rate of events. Concerning past medical history, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and previous known coronary disease are associated with a worse outcome. A higher rate of events at 1-year follow-up was seen in patients medicated previously to the index event with statin, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, beta-blocker and antiplatelet therapy. All RS scored significantly higher in the groups with worse outcome, both in in-hospital mortality and at one-year follow-up.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Table 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Univariate predictors of worse prognosis</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2">
								</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">In-Hospital Mortality</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">1-year Follow-up</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">With events<break/>(n = 94)</th>
                <th align="center">Without events<break/>(n = 1358)</th>
                <th align="center">p-value</th>
                <th align="center">With events<break/>(n = 135)</th>
                <th align="center">Without events<break/>(n = 1223)</th>
                <th align="center">p-value</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Male sex, %</td>
                <td align="center">70.2%</td>
                <td align="center">70.0%</td>
                <td align="center">0.97</td>
                <td align="center">59.3%</td>
                <td align="center">71.2%</td>
                <td align="center">0.004</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Age, years</td>
                <td align="center">76.6 &#177; 10.2</td>
                <td align="center">68.6 &#177; 13.2</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">75.4 &#177; 12.7</td>
                <td align="center">67.8 &#177; 13.1</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Type of ACS</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">STEMI, %</td>
                <td align="center">54.3%</td>
                <td align="center">46.9%</td>
                <td align="center">0.168</td>
                <td align="center">31.1%</td>
                <td align="center">48.7%</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">NSTEMI/UA, %</td>
                <td align="center">45.7%</td>
                <td align="center">53.1%</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">68.9%</td>
                <td align="center">51.3%</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Systolic Blood Pressure at admission, mmHg</td>
                <td align="center">121.6 &#177; 30</td>
                <td align="center">141.9 &#177; 30</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">138.7 &#177; 31.7</td>
                <td align="center">142.2 &#177; 30</td>
                <td align="center">0.109</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diastolic Blood Pressure at admission, mmHg</td>
                <td align="center">73.2 &#177; 18.4</td>
                <td align="center">82.4 &#177; 17.5</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">78.6 &#177; 17.4</td>
                <td align="center">82.9 &#177; 17.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.002</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Heart rate, beats per minute</td>
                <td align="center">83.9 &#177; 25.6</td>
                <td align="center">79.0 &#177; 20.7</td>
                <td align="center">0.02</td>
                <td align="center">85.6 &#177; 21.1</td>
                <td align="center">78.2 &#177; 20.6</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Killip-Kimbal class at admission</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">I</td>
                <td align="center">34.0%</td>
                <td align="center">73.3%</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">43.0%</td>
                <td align="center">76.6%</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">II</td>
                <td align="center">48.9%</td>
                <td align="center">20.1%</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">43.7%</td>
                <td align="center">17.5%</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">III</td>
                <td align="center">7.4%</td>
                <td align="center">4.8%</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">10.4%</td>
                <td align="center">4.2%</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IV</td>
                <td align="center">9.6%</td>
                <td align="center">1.8%</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">3.0%</td>
                <td align="center">1.7%</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&gt; I</td>
                <td align="center">66.0%</td>
                <td align="center">26.7%</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">57.0%</td>
                <td align="center">23.4%</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Maximum Killip-Kimbal class</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">I</td>
                <td align="center">4.3%</td>
                <td align="center">60.9%</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">29.6%</td>
                <td align="center">64.3%</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">II</td>
                <td align="center">12.8%</td>
                <td align="center">28.4%</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">51.9%</td>
                <td align="center">25.8%</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">III</td>
                <td align="center">2.1%</td>
                <td align="center">6.3%</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">13.3%</td>
                <td align="center">5.5%</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IV</td>
                <td align="center">80.9%</td>
                <td align="center">4.5%</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">5.2%</td>
                <td align="center">4.4%</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&gt; I</td>
                <td align="center">95.7%</td>
                <td align="center">39.1%</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">70.4%</td>
                <td align="center">35.7%</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Risk Factors</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hypertension, %</td>
                <td align="center">70.2%</td>
                <td align="center">65.5%</td>
                <td align="center">0.355</td>
                <td align="center">70.4%</td>
                <td align="center">65.0%</td>
                <td align="center">0.213</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dyslipidemia, %</td>
                <td align="center">41.5%</td>
                <td align="center">46.9%</td>
                <td align="center">0.308</td>
                <td align="center">51.9%</td>
                <td align="center">46.4%</td>
                <td align="center">0.225</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Smoking habits, %</td>
                <td align="center">16.0%</td>
                <td align="center">24.9%</td>
                <td align="center">0.051</td>
                <td align="center">13,3%</td>
                <td align="center">26.2%</td>
                <td align="center">0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diabetes Mellitus, %</td>
                <td align="center">31.9%</td>
                <td align="center">26.2%</td>
                <td align="center">0.226</td>
                <td align="center">35.6%</td>
                <td align="center">25.2%</td>
                <td align="center">0.009</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Chronic Kidney Disease, %</td>
                <td align="center">17.5%</td>
                <td align="center">9.1%</td>
                <td align="center">0.015</td>
                <td align="center">20.4%</td>
                <td align="center">7.6%</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Cerebrovascular disease, %</td>
                <td align="center">12.5%</td>
                <td align="center">9.2%</td>
                <td align="center">0.332</td>
                <td align="center">11.5%</td>
                <td align="center">8.9%</td>
                <td align="center">0.368</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Previous known coronary disease, %</td>
                <td align="center">19.1%</td>
                <td align="center">19.5%</td>
                <td align="center">0.931</td>
                <td align="center">34.1%</td>
                <td align="center">17.9%</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">More than 3 Risk Factors</td>
                <td align="center">34.0%</td>
                <td align="center">29.4%</td>
                <td align="center">0.339</td>
                <td align="center">35.6%</td>
                <td align="center">28.7%</td>
                <td align="center">0.097</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Previous Medication</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Statin, %</td>
                <td align="center">36.2%</td>
                <td align="center">34.9%</td>
                <td align="center">0.803</td>
                <td align="center">43.0%</td>
                <td align="center">34.0%</td>
                <td align="center">0.038</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">iRAAS, %</td>
                <td align="center">55.3%</td>
                <td align="center">47.6%</td>
                <td align="center">0.015</td>
                <td align="center">57.0%</td>
                <td align="center">46.6%</td>
                <td align="center">0.021</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Beta-blocker, %</td>
                <td align="center">17.0%</td>
                <td align="center">17.5%</td>
                <td align="center">0.901</td>
                <td align="center">25.2%</td>
                <td align="center">16.7%</td>
                <td align="center">0.014</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Antiplatelet therapy, %</td>
                <td align="center">38.3%</td>
                <td align="center">34.1%</td>
                <td align="center">0.407</td>
                <td align="center">58.5%</td>
                <td align="center">31.4%</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Laboratory values</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hemoglobin, g/dL</td>
                <td align="center">13.3 &#177; 2.4</td>
                <td align="center">14.0 &#177; 2.5</td>
                <td align="center">0.006</td>
                <td align="center">12.8 &#177; 2.1</td>
                <td align="center">14.1 &#177; 2.5</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Creatinine, mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">1.56 &#177; 0.93</td>
                <td align="center">1.18 &#177; 1.6</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">1.58 &#177; 1.6</td>
                <td align="center">1.13 &#177; 1.6</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Troponin at admission, ng/dL</td>
                <td align="center">34.4 &#177; 72.2</td>
                <td align="center">14.6 &#177; 47.5</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">23.1 &#177; 86.1</td>
                <td align="center">13.7 &#177; 41</td>
                <td align="center">0.215</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Maximum troponin, ng/dL</td>
                <td align="center">109.8 &#177; 146.1</td>
                <td align="center">67.2 &#177; 101.1</td>
                <td align="center">0.001</td>
                <td align="center">66.3 &#177; 117.5</td>
                <td align="center">67.3 &#177; 99.3</td>
                <td align="center">0.021</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Brain Natriuretic Peptide, pg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">1109.0 &#177; 1194.9</td>
                <td align="center">511.3 &#177; 640.2</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">972.2 &#177; 1052.9</td>
                <td align="center">441.2 &#177; 517.6</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Medication and therapeutic strategy during hospitalization</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">iRAAS</td>
                <td align="center">59.5%</td>
                <td align="center">83.7%</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">78.8%</td>
                <td align="center">84.3%</td>
                <td align="center">0.090</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Beta-blocker</td>
                <td align="center">34.2%</td>
                <td align="center">61.6%</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">48.7%</td>
                <td align="center">63.3%</td>
                <td align="center">0.002</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nitrates</td>
                <td align="center">39.2%</td>
                <td align="center">31.9%</td>
                <td align="center">0.392</td>
                <td align="center">28.3%</td>
                <td align="center">23.3%</td>
                <td align="center">0.082</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Antiarrhythmics</td>
                <td align="center">21.8%</td>
                <td align="center">13.0%</td>
                <td align="center">0.038</td>
                <td align="center">19.5%</td>
                <td align="center">12.2%</td>
                <td align="center">0.025</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Inotropes</td>
                <td align="center">53.2%</td>
                <td align="center">9.0%</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">10.6%</td>
                <td align="center">8.8%</td>
                <td align="center">0.316</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Invasive strategy</td>
                <td align="center">54.0%</td>
                <td align="center">80.6%</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">56.2%</td>
                <td align="center">83.4%</td>
                <td align="center">0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, %</td>
                <td align="center">40.7 &#177; 15.2</td>
                <td align="center">54.1 &#177; 12.0</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">50.1 &#177; 12.6</td>
                <td align="center">54.7 &#177; 11.8</td>
                <td align="center">0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hospitalization days</td>
                <td align="center">5.6 &#177; 6</td>
                <td align="center">7.42 &#177; 4.8</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">9.2 &#177; 5.0</td>
                <td align="center">7.2 &#177; 4.8</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Risk Scores</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">TIMI for STEMI</td>
                <td align="center">7 (5-9)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (2-6)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">7 (4-8)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (2-6)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">PURSUIT</td>
                <td align="center">15 (14-16)</td>
                <td align="center">12 (10-14)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">14 (12-16)</td>
                <td align="center">12 (10-14)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">SRI</td>
                <td align="center">38.9 (28.7-54.8)</td>
                <td align="center">25.2 (17.5 - 35.8)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">36.2 (23.3-48.5)</td>
                <td align="center">24.2 (17.0-33.8)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">GRACE</td>
                <td align="center">217 (195-249)</td>
                <td align="center">140 (109-171)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">170 (142-194)</td>
                <td align="center">137 (107-167)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">EMMACE</td>
                <td align="center">0.36 (0.23-0.55)</td>
                <td align="center">0.14 (0.06 - 0.31)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.29 (0.13-0.48)</td>
                <td align="center">0.13 (0.05-0.28)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS</td>
                <td align="center">4 (3-5) 4.28 &#177; 1.6</td>
                <td align="center">4 (3-5) 3.73 &#177; 1.6</td>
                <td align="center">0.001</td>
                <td align="center">4 (3-5) 4.36 &#177; 1.8</td>
                <td align="center">4 (3-5) 3.7 &#177; 1.6</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ACTION Registry-GWTG</td>
                <td align="center">58.5 (51-66)</td>
                <td align="center">33 (27 -42)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">42 (33-50)</td>
                <td align="center">32 (26-41)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">C-ACS</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1-2)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1-1)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1-2)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1-1)</td>
                <td align="center">0.029</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ProACS</td>
                <td align="center">5 (4-6)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (1- 3)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">3 (2-4)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (1-3)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <p>ACS: acute coronary syndrome; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI/UA: non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction/ unstable angina; iRAAS: Renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors; TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; PURSUIT: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy; Simple Risk Index; GRACE: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; EMMACE: Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events; C-ACS: Canada Acute Coronary Syndrome. P-values obtained by the Mann-Whitney test for numerical variables and by chi-square or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Predictive accuracy of the risk scores</title>
        <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>, <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 4</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Table 5</xref> describe the predictive accuracy and goodness of fit of the RS at predicting in-hospital mortality globally, at predicting in-hospital mortality in the specific group of STEMI and NSTEMI/UA patients individually, and at predicting occurrence of all-cause mortality and non-fatal ACS at one-year follow-up, respectively. The last column of each table show how the other RS compare to the ProACS score. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref> displays the ROC curves regarding the RS and in-hospital mortality. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref> shows in-hospital mortality in the STEMI and NSTEMI group individually. The long-term prognosis is demonstrated in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Table 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Predictive accuracy and goodness of fit of the scores at predicting in-hospital mortality and comparation with the ProACS risk score</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="3">
								</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="5" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">In-hospital mortality</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2">c-statistics (95% CI)</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2">p-value</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2">p-value (Hosmer-Lemeshow &#967;<sup>2</sup>)</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Comparing with the ProACS Risk Score</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">&#8710;</th>
                <th align="center">p-value</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">TIMI for STEMI</td>
                <td align="center">0.744 (0.695-0.792)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.486</td>
                <td align="center">0.165</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">PURSUIT</td>
                <td align="center">0.775 (0.733-0.817)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.043</td>
                <td align="center">0.133</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">SRI</td>
                <td align="center">0.732 (0.682-0.781)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.23</td>
                <td align="center">0.176</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">GRACE</td>
                <td align="center">0.890 (0.855-0.925)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0,298</td>
                <td align="center">0.0185</td>
                <td align="center">0.0879</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">EMMACE</td>
                <td align="center">0.749 (0.700-0.797</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.566</td>
                <td align="center">0.160</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS</td>
                <td align="center">0.600 (0.543-0.656)</td>
                <td align="center">0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0,804</td>
                <td align="center">0.309</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ACTION Registry-GWTG</td>
                <td align="center">0.904 (0.870-0.938)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.041</td>
                <td align="center">0.00399</td>
                <td align="center">0.6647</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">C-ACS</td>
                <td align="center">0.619 (0.554-0.684)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.003</td>
                <td align="center">0.289</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ProACS</td>
                <td align="center">0.908 (0.876-0.941)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.031</td>
                <td align="center">N/A</td>
                <td align="center">N/A</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <p>&#8710;: difference between the two AUC (area under the curve). TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; PURSUIT: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy; Simple Risk Index; GRACE: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; EMMACE: Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events; C-ACS: Canada Acute Coronary Syndrome.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Table 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Predictive accuracy and goodness of fit of the scores at predicting in-hospital mortality and comparation with the ProACS risk score, in both STEMI and NSTEMI/UA</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="3">
                  <bold>STEMI</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" colspan="5" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <bold>In-hospital mortality</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                  <bold>c-statistics (95% CI)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                  <bold>p-value</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                  <bold>p-value (Hosmer-Lemeshow &#967;<sup>2</sup>)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <bold>Comparing with the ProACS Risk Score</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>&#8710;</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>p-value</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">TIMI for STEMI</td>
                <td align="center">0.785 (0.720-0.849)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.766</td>
                <td align="center">0.139</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">PURSUIT</td>
                <td align="center">0.809 (0.758-0.861)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.075</td>
                <td align="center">0.114</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">SRI</td>
                <td align="center">0.781 (0.718-0.843)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.011</td>
                <td align="center">0.143</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">GRACE</td>
                <td align="center">0.899 (0.856-0.942)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.603</td>
                <td align="center">0.0244</td>
                <td align="center">0.0331</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">EMMACE</td>
                <td align="center">0.795 (0.731-0.858)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.392</td>
                <td align="center">0.129</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS</td>
                <td align="center">0.674 (0.596-0.751)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.206</td>
                <td align="center">0.250</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ACTION Registry-GWTG</td>
                <td align="center">0.911 (0.874-0.948)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.882</td>
                <td align="center">0.0127</td>
                <td align="center">0.2248</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">C-ACS</td>
                <td align="center">0.620 (0.531-0.708)</td>
                <td align="center">0.004</td>
                <td align="center">0.005</td>
                <td align="center">0.304</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="left">ProACS</td>
                <td align="center">0.923 (0.892-0.955)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.821</td>
                <td align="center">N/A</td>
                <td align="center">N/A</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="2">
                  <bold>NSTEMI/UA</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                  <bold>c-statistics (95% CI)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                  <bold>p-value</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                  <bold>p-value (Hosmer-Lemeshow &#967;<sup>2</sup>)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <bold>Comparing with the ProACS Risk Score</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>&#8710;</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>p-value</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">TIMI for STEMI</td>
                <td align="center">0.696 (0.624-0.767)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.377</td>
                <td align="center">0.202</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">PURSUIT</td>
                <td align="center">0.742 (0.673-0.810)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.551</td>
                <td align="center">0.157</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">SRI</td>
                <td align="center">0.682 (0.604-0.761)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.078</td>
                <td align="center">0.216</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">GRACE</td>
                <td align="center">0.878 (0.822-0.934)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.566</td>
                <td align="center">0.0205</td>
                <td align="center">0.2040</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">EMMACE</td>
                <td align="center">0.702 (0.629-0.774)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.376</td>
                <td align="center">0.197</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS</td>
                <td align="center">0.534 (0.448-0.620)</td>
                <td align="center">0.453</td>
                <td align="center">0.455</td>
                <td align="center">0.364</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ACTION Registry-GWTG</td>
                <td align="center">0.895 (0.835-0.956)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.00302</td>
                <td align="center">0.8411</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">C-ACS</td>
                <td align="center">0.618 (0.522-0.714)</td>
                <td align="center">0.009</td>
                <td align="center">0.077</td>
                <td align="center">0.281</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.0001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ProACS</td>
                <td align="center">0.898 (0.841-0.956)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.001</td>
                <td align="center">N/A</td>
                <td align="center">N/A</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <p>&#8710;: difference between the two AUC (area under the curve). TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; PURSUIT: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy; Simple Risk Index; GRACE: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; EMMACE: Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events; C-ACS: Canada Acute Coronary Syndrome.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Table 5</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Predictive accuracy and goodness of fit of the scores at predicting the occurrence of all-cause mortality and non-fatal ACS at one&#8209;year follow-up and comparation with the ProACS risk score</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="3">
								</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="5" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">All-cause mortality and non-fatal ACS at one-year follow-up</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2">c-statistics (95% CI)</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2">p-value</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2">p-value (Hosmer-Lemeshow &#967;<sup>2</sup>)</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Comparing with the ProACS Risk Score</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">&#8710;</th>
                <th align="center">p-value</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">TIMI for STEMI</td>
                <td align="center">0.695 (0.650-0.741)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.033</td>
                <td align="center">0.0323</td>
                <td align="center">0.0656</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">PURSUIT</td>
                <td align="center">0.682 (0.634-0.730)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.0185</td>
                <td align="center">0.3846</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">SRI</td>
                <td align="center">0.680 (0.632-0.729)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.042</td>
                <td align="center">0.0171</td>
                <td align="center">0.3854</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">GRACE</td>
                <td align="center">0.684 (0.639-0.729)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.022</td>
                <td align="center">0.0209</td>
                <td align="center">0.1608</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">EMMACE</td>
                <td align="center">0.673 (0.623-0.723)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.681</td>
                <td align="center">0.00997</td>
                <td align="center">0.6157</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS</td>
                <td align="center">0.622 (0.570-0.673)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.027</td>
                <td align="center">0.0414</td>
                <td align="center">0.2093</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ACTION Registry-GWTG</td>
                <td align="center">0.690 (0.643-0.737)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.005</td>
                <td align="center">0.0267</td>
                <td align="center">0.0567</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">C-ACS</td>
                <td align="center">0.550 (0.497-0.603)</td>
                <td align="center">0.057</td>
                <td align="center">0.366</td>
                <td align="center">0.113</td>
                <td align="center">0.0007</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ProACS</td>
                <td align="center">0.663 (0.617-0.709)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center">0.015</td>
                <td align="center">N/A</td>
                <td align="center">N/A</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN5">
              <p>&#8710;: difference between the two AUC (area under the curve). TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; PURSUIT: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy; Simple Risk Index; GRACE: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; EMMACE: Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events; C-ACS: Canada Acute Coronary Syndrome.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>
          <fig id="f1">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves regarding risks scores and in-hospital mortality, in the total population. TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; PURSUIT: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy; Simple Risk Index; GRACE: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; EMMACE: Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events; C-ACS: Canada Acute Coronary Syndrome.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-01-0020-90109-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves regarding risks scores and in-hospital mortality, in the STEMI and NSTEMI population individually. TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; PURSUIT: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy; Simple Risk Index; GRACE: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; EMMACE: Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events; C-ACS: Canada Acute Coronary Syndrome.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-01-0020-90109-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
          <fig id="f3">
            <label>Figure 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves regarding risks scores and all-cause mortality and non-fatal ACS at one-year follow-up. TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; PURSUIT: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy; Simple Risk Index; GRACE: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; EMMACE: Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events; C-ACS: Canada Acute Coronary Syndrome.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-01-0020-90109-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>The majority of the RS showed a good discriminatory accuracy to predict in-hospital mortality, as demonstrated by c-statistics consistently over 0.700. Notably, three RS outperformed the others, namely the GRACE, ACTION Registry-GWTG and ProACS RS, with c-statistics around 0.900. Most RS, apart from the ProACS (p = 0.031), PURSUIT (p = 0.043), ACTION Registry-GWTG (p = 0.041) and C-ACS (p = 0.003) RS, showed an adequate fit, as demonstrated by a p-value for the Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) test over 0.05. Comparing ProACS to the other RS revealed a statistically significant superiority of the first to all except the ACTION Registry-GWTG (p = 0.6647) and the GRACE (p = 0.0879).</p>
        <p>All RS consistently showed better discriminatory accuracy at predicting in-hospital mortality in STEMI patients. In this population, the ACTION Registry-GWTG and ProACS RS performed incredibly well, with c-statistics of over 0.900. Almost all RS revealed an adequate fit, except for the SRI (p = 0.011), the C-ACS (p = 0.005) and a trend from PURSUIT (p = 0.075). In STEMI patients, the ACTION Registry-GWTG (p = 0.882) and ProACS RS (p = 0.821) showed good fit. The ProACS RS demonstrated statistically significant superior discriminatory accuracy when compared to all other RS, except for ACTION Registry-GWTG (p = 0.2248).</p>
        <p>In the NSTEMI population, the RS performed slightly worse when compared to STEMI patients. ProACS, ACTION Registry-GWTG and GRACE scores were the RS with the highest discriminatory accuracy at predicting in-hospital mortality, with c-statistics of 0.898, 0.895 and 0.878 respectively. ProACS also demonstrated significant superiority, except when compared to the aforementioned RS. However, the ProACS and ACTION Registry-GWTG presented with a HL test p-value of 0.001 and &lt; 0.001, respectively, indicating model lack of fit.</p>
        <p>Regarding all-cause mortality and non-fatal ACS at one-year follow-up, all RS underperformed, with c-statistics consistently under 0.700. ProACS was only statistically superior to the C-ACS RS, which showed particularly poor discriminatory accuracy (c-statistic 0.550). Most RS revealed model lack of fit.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Development of risks scores in acute coronary syndromes</title>
        <p>Advances in medical therapy and the development of invasive strategies has had a significant impact on prognosis in ACS.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Risk stratification has become an essential part of the establishment of a personalized treatment strategy in patients with ACS, weighing the risks and benefits of an early invasive approach.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> In STEMI patients, primary percutaneous coronary intervention is the standard approach, thus early risk stratification is less important.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> However, risk stratification in STEMI still plays an important role in predicting which patients are at higher risk for mortality or recurrent ACS, thus warranting a more aggressive medical therapy.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Patients with NSTEMI/UA represent a much more heterogeneous group, with early risk stratification playing a more central role in deciding which patients benefit more from an early invasive strategy.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Several risk score have been formulated in the last 20 years, attempting to best predict which patients are at a higher risk for a worse outcome.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> The simple TIMI risk score for STEMI<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> and for NSTEMI/UA<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> was developed from large clinical trials, with controlled and selected populations. The TIMI RS for STEMI<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> was formulated from the InTIME II trial which enrolled a total of 15,078 patients, all were candidates for fibrinolytic therapy. This risk score performed well at identifying high risk patients (c-statistics for predicting in-hospital mortality and in the first 24 hours after admission was 0.784 and 0.813, respectively).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> The TIMI for NSTEMI/UA was developed using the database of the TIMI 11B trial, with a total of 3910 patients, satisfactorily predicting all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction or urgent revascularization at 14 days.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> However, since it underperformed in our population, the authors decided not to use the RS. The SRI risk score was also calculated from the InTIME trial, using a cohort of 13,253 STEMI patients. This risk score satisfactorily predicted in-hospital death (c-statistic 0.79). The PURSUIT risk score was developed through the Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin (eptifibatide) Therapy trial using a NSTEMI population of 9,461 patients, with a c-statistic of 0.814. These RS are simple and intuitive, however, derivation from large trial databases tend to overlook specific high-risk patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> The GRACE risk score was developed using an international registry, much more representative of real-world patients, with a total of 11,389 patients enrolled.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> The GRACE risk score outperformed previous RS which tended to use clinical trial data. GRACE showed good predictive capacity for in-hospital mortality and at 6-month follow-up.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> This risk score was updated using a cohort of 48,023 patients<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> and has become the most widely used risk score both in STEMI and NSTEMI/UA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> The EMMACE risk score was also developed from patients admitted for ACS over a 3-month period in 1995, compiling a total of 2,135 patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A mathematical formula only comprising 3 variables (age, heart rate and systolic blood pressure) was formulated and revealed good performance at predicting mortality at 30 days (c-statistics of 0.76 to 0.79). This risk score is simple and reproducible.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
				</p>
        <p>The Journal of the American College of Cardiology published in 2016 a new risk score.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> This risk score was developed using data from the ACTION Registry-GWTG, which included a total of 145,952 patients from more than 300 hospitals from the United States of America admitted for both STEMI and NSTEMI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> The ACTION Registry-GWTG risk score performed well in the general population (c-statistic 0.88), as well as in specific subsets of patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> This score appeared to be a good alternative to the GRACE score.</p>
        <p>Finally, in 2017, the Portuguese Journal of Cardiology presented a new and simple risk score.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> The ProACS risk score, formulated by Tim&#243;teo et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> was developed using the Portuguese Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes. The risk model was developed from the data of 17,380 patients. Internal and external validation of the score was done using 12,701 and 8,532 patients, respectively.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Tim&#243;teo et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> built a simple risk score with only 4 variables, age, systolic blood pressure, Killip class and ST-segment elevation (information easily obtainable even in a pre-hospital setting). The score performed well in predicting in-hospital mortality, both in STEMI and NSTEMI (c-statistics ranging from 0.785 to 0.809). This risk score was formulated similarly to the C-ACS, a score formulated by a Canadian group and published in the American Heart Journal. The C-ACS developed a simple score with 4 variables (age &#8805;75, Killip class &gt;I, systolic blood pressure &lt; 100 mmHg and heart rate &gt; 100 beats/min.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> The score was derived from the Acute Myocardial Infarction in Quebec (AMI-QUEBEC) and Canada ACS-1 registries, compiling a total of 6,182 patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> This score performed well at predicting worse outcome both in short-term (c-statistics ranging from 0.73 to 0.75) and in long-term mortality (c-statistics ranging from 0.73 to 0.76).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
				</p>
        <p>It was the authors&#180; objective to test several RS, which have been validated in the setting of ACS, to determine which one fared better at balancing a good predictive capability, combined with simple and intuitive use. The authors decided to apply the aforementioned RS in a single-centre population of patients admitted for ACS and compare each score to the ProACS.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Risk scores and in-hospital mortality</title>
        <p>Almost all RS performed well. However, the CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS and the C-ACS scores underperformed in this population (c-statistics of 0.600 and 0.619, respectively), even though both have been validated for the prediction of short-term mortality. The TIMI for STEMI, PURSUIT, SRI and EMMACE RS performed moderately well, with a c-statistics of 0.744, 0.775, 0.732 and 0.749, respectively. Of all the RS, three outperformed the other, achieving extremely good c-statstics, namely the ProACS, GRACE and ACTION Registry-GWTG RS. All of the RS predict short-term mortality. However, not all are equally efficient. The ProACS, GRACE and ACTION Registry-GWTG RS performed incredibly well when determining short-term mortality. A c-statistics of 0.908, 0.904 and 0.890 was calculated for each respective score. These results demonstrate a greater efficiency that that shown in previous studies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> The ProACS demonstrated impressive results. It was significantly better than all the other RS, apart from the ACTION Registry-GWTG and GRACE RS. The only setback was a HL-test value of under 0.05 in both the ProACS and ACTION Registry-GWTG, indicating model lack of fit. This resulted from the presence of NSTEMI patients in the study.</p>
        <p>All RS performed better at predicting in-hospital mortality in a STEMI setting. Again, the ProACS, ACTION Registry-GWTG and GRACE RS were the more accomplished RS, attaining c-statistics of 0.923, 0.911 and 0.899, respectively. These numbers are especially impressive since they outperformed each of their derivation and validation cohorts.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> ProACS demonstrated statistical superiority when compared to all others RS, apart from the ACTION Registry-GWTG and only marginal superiority when compared to the GRACE RS. In STEMI patients, these three RS revealed good fit. Once more, the TIMI for STEMI, PURSUIT, SRI and EMMACE RS had a satisfactory performance (c-statistics of 0.785, 0.809, 0.781 and 0.795, respectively). The CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS and the C-ACS RS performed disappointingly, with c-statistics of 0.674 and 0.620, respectively.</p>
        <p>Concerning NSTEMI, the ProACS, GRACE and ACTION Registry-GWTG achieved a good predictive power, with c-statistics of 0.898, 0.878 and 0.895. In this particular population, both the ProACS and the ACTION Registry-GWTG showed lack of fit, thus interfering with the goodness of fit in the general population in these RS. The PURSUIT and EMMACE RS performed moderately good, with c-statistics of 0.742 and 0.702. It is impressive that the PURSUIT RS performed better at predicting a worse outcome in STEMI when compared to NSTEMI, since it is based upon NSTEMI patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> The TIMI for STEMI and SRI predictably underperformed (c-statistics of 0.696 and 0.682), since both were developed for STEMI patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Again, the C-ACS revealed poor discriminatory accuracy (c-statistic 0.618) and the CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS was unable to predict in-hospital mortality in NSTEMI patients (c-statistic of 0.534, p = 0.453).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Risk scores and long-term prognosis</title>
        <p>The majority of the RS evaluated were developed solely for prediction of short-term prognosis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> In this population, all the RS underperformed when predicting all-cause mortality and non-fatal ACS at one-year follow-up (c-statistics &lt; 0.7). Almost all the RS presented with a c-statistic ranging from 0.622 to 0.690, without a statistically significant difference when compared with the ProACS. Notably, the C-ACS was unable to predict the worst long-term prognosis (c-statistic 0.550, p = 0.057), even though it was validated for long-term prognosis prediction.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> More studies are needed to develop RS with better discriminatory accuracy for predicting long-term prognosis in ACS patients.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Limitations</title>
        <p>This is a single-centre retrospective, observational study of a small population. The analysis of the parameters was based on nonrandomized data. The population sample was relatively small and was composed by the sequential patients admitted in a single centralized hospital, thus it might represent a biased sample.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusions</title>
      <p>In this population, several RS showed good discriminatory accuracy at predicting short-term mortality. The ProACS, GRACE and ACTION Registry-GWTG RS performed incredibly, with c-statistics around 0.90. This revealed great predictive capability both in STEMI and NSTEMI patients. The TIMI for STEMI, PURSUIT, SRI and EMMACE RS performed moderately well. However, the CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> and the C-ACS underperformed, perhaps due to differences between the cohort from which they were based on and the population sample of this study. In this real-world population, it is evident that RS developed from databases of large registries, such as the GRACE, ProACS and the ACTION Registry-GWTG, seem to fare better than those derived from clinical trials. RS developed from clinical trials tend to include skewed populations which avoid high-risk patients. None of the RS performed well at predicting long-term prognosis. This is understandable given they were intended for the prediction of short-term mortality.</p>
      <p>The ProACS risk score proved to be an effective risk model, which performed incredibly well in this population, in both STEMI and NSTEMI patients. It is an intuitive risk score that requires only four easily obtainable variables. Its simplicity is rivalled only by the C-ACS, which has significantly underperformed in every aspect. The authors believe that ProACS is an appropriate and simple method to obtain adequate risk stratification regarding short-term prognosis that applies well to the Portuguese population.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label>Erratum</label>
        <p>In the original article &#8220;Aplica&#231;&#227;o de Escores de Risco em S&#237;ndromes Coron&#225;rias Agudas: Como o ProACS se Comporta Diante de Outros Escores de Risco?&#8221; Correct the title of Figure 1 of Cruva ROC &#8211; Escores de Risco e mortalidade hospitalar for Curva ROC &#8211; Escores de Risco e mortalidade hospitalar.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Aplica&#231;&#227;o de Escores de Risco em S&#237;ndromes Coron&#225;rias Agudas: Como o ProACS se Comporta Diante de Outros Escores de Risco?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0277-4512</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gil</surname>
            <given-names>J&#250;lio</given-names>
          </name>
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        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Abreu</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4431-8219</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Antunes</surname>
            <given-names>Hugo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gon&#231;alves</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Lu&#237;sa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pires</surname>
            <given-names>Maria In&#234;s</given-names>
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        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s Ferreira dos</given-names>
          </name>
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        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Henriques</surname>
            <given-names>Carla</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Matos</surname>
            <given-names>Ana</given-names>
          </name>
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        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cabral</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Costa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Jorge Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
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        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de S&#227;o Teot&#243;nio, Viseu - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Polit&#233;cnico de Viseu e CI&amp;DETS, Viseu - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro de Matem&#225;tica da Universidade de Coimbra (CMUC), Coimbra - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: J&#250;lio Gil</bold> Hospital de S&#227;o Teot&#243;nio - Av. Rei D. Duarte. 3504 509 - Viseu - Portugal Email: <email>juliogilpereira@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Gil J, Santos LF; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Gil J, Abreu L, Antunes H, Gon&#231;alves ML, Pires MI; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Gil J, Abreu L, Antunes H, Gon&#231;alves ML, Pires MI, Santos LF, Henriques C, Matos A; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Gil J, Henriques C, Matos A; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Gil J, Abreu L, Antunes H; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Santos LF, Cabral JC, Santos JO.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>Existem muitos escores de risco (ERs) aprovados na predi&#231;&#227;o de um pior progn&#243;stico em s&#237;ndromes coron&#225;rias agudas (SCAs). Recentemente, a Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia prop&#244;s o ER ProACS.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Aplicar v&#225;rios ERs validados, bem como o ProACS em pacientes internados por SCA. Avaliar o desempenho de cada ER em predizer mortalidade hospitalar e a ocorr&#234;ncia de mortalidade por todas as causas ou SCA n&#227;o fatal em um ano de acompanhamento e compar&#225;-los com o ProACS.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Estudo retrospectivo de SCA. Os seguintes ERs foram aplicados: GRACE, ACTION Registry-GWTG, PURSUIT, TIMI, EMMACE, SRI, CHA2DS2-VASc-HS, C-ACS e ProACS. Curvas ROC foram criadas para determinar o poder preditivo de cada ER e diretamente comparadas com a do ProACS.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Os escores ProACS, ACTION Registry-GWTG e GRACE mostraram estat&#237;stica-C de 0,908, 0,904 e 0,890, respectivamente, em predizer mortalidade hospitalar, mostrando melhor desempenho em pacientes com infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST. Os demais ERs mostraram desempenho satisfat&#243;rio, com estat&#237;stica-C acima de 0,750, com exce&#231;&#227;o de CHA2DS2-VASc-HS e C-ACS, que mostraram baixa performance. Todos os ERs apresentaram baixo desempenho em predizer um pior progn&#243;stico em longo prazo, com estat&#237;stica-C abaixo de 0,700.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>O ProACS &#233; um escore de risco facilmente obtido para estratifica&#231;&#227;o precoce de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Ao avaliar todos os ERs, ProACS, ACTION Registry-GWTG e GRACE mostraram o melhor desempenho, com alta capacidade de predizer um pior progn&#243;stico. O ProACS mostrou superioridade estatisticamente significativa em compara&#231;&#227;o aos outros ERs. Portanto, o ProACS mostrou-se capaz de combinar simplicidade no c&#225;lculo do escore com bom desempenho em predizer um pior progn&#243;stico.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda/progn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio com Supradesn&#237;vel do Segmento ST</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade Hospitalar</kwd>
        <kwd>Medi&#231;&#227;o de Risco /m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Taxa de Sobrevida/m&#233;todos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A doen&#231;a cardiovascular &#233; a principal causa de morte em todo o mundo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Nas &#250;ltimas tr&#234;s a quatro d&#233;cadas, estudos t&#234;m mostrado uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa na mortalidade aguda e em longo prazo por s&#237;ndromes coron&#225;rias agudas (SCAs).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Tal fato &#233; atribu&#237;do a avan&#231;os nos tratamentos m&#233;dicos e estrat&#233;gias invasivas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> No entanto, as SCAs representam um grupo heterog&#234;neo, com risco vari&#225;vel de morbimortalidade.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> V&#225;rios modelos de estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco foram desenvolvidos para determinar quais pacientes teriam maior probabilidade de um pior desfecho.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Uma estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco precoce &#233; crucial para assegurar uma abordagem adequada a cada paciente, pensando nos riscos e nos benef&#237;cios de cada op&#231;&#227;o de tratamento.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Recentemente, a avalia&#231;&#227;o do risco tem sido realizada de maneira sistem&#225;tica, com a cria&#231;&#227;o de muitos escores de risco (ERs).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Talvez o escore de risco global para eventos coronarianos agudos GRACE (<italic>Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events</italic>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> seja o ER mais conhecido para SCA. De acordo com os guias europeus mais recentes, o escore de risco GRACE &#233; recomendado para estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco no infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST (STEMI) e infarto do mioc&#225;rdio sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST e/ou angina inst&#225;vel (NSTEMI/AI).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Entretanto, existem muitos outros ERs conhecidos, tais como o escore TIMI (<italic>Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction</italic>) for STEMI,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> o escore PURSUIT (<italic>Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy</italic>),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> o SRI (<italic>Simple Risk Index</italic>),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> o EMMACE (<italic>Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events</italic>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> e, mais recentemente, o C-ACS (<italic>Canada Acute Coronary Syndrome</italic>),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> o escore CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> e o ACTION (<italic>Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network</italic>) Registry-GWTG.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Em 2016, a Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia publicou um novo ER, desenvolvido a partir dos dados do Registro Nacional de S&#237;ndromes Coron&#225;rias Agudas da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia, criado em 2002.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> O grupo elaborou o simples, mas efetivo, ER ProACS para prever a mortalidade hospitalar, o qual pode ser facilmente aplicado mesmo no cuidado pr&#233;-hospitalar.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O objetivo este estudo foi calcular todos os ERs citados em pacientes internados por SCA em um &#250;nico centro. Os autores avaliaram o desempenho de cada ER em predizer a mortalidade hospitalar e os comparou com o ER ProACS. Os autores tamb&#233;m determinaram o desempenho de cada ER em predizer pior desfecho no STEMI e NSTEMI/AI independentemente. Finalmente, os autores avaliaram a capacidade de cada ER em predizer mortalidade e recorr&#234;ncia de SCA em um ano de acompanhamento.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <p>Este &#233; um estudo retrospectivo de pacientes internados por SCA em uma Unidade Coronariana de um hospital central no per&#237;odo de dezembro de 2006 a maio de 2016. Foram inclu&#237;dos somente os pacientes com hist&#243;ria de dor tor&#225;cica em repouso ou outros sintomas sugestivos de uma SCA com ou sem altera&#231;&#245;es significativas no segmento ST ou onda T, como bloqueio do ramo esquerdo ou eleva&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de biomarcadores de dano mioc&#225;rdio. Dos 1714 pacientes inclu&#237;dos no estudo, foram selecionados 1452, sendo que os demais foram exclu&#237;dos por falta de dados. A amostra deste estudo n&#227;o foi inclu&#237;da na coorte para o desenvolvimento do escore de risco ProACS,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> mas foi inclu&#237;da nas coortes de valida&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Foram calculados os seguintes ERs: GRACE, TIMI para STEMI, PURSUIT, SRI, EMMACE, C-ACS, CHA2DS2-VASc-HS, ACTION Registry-GWTG e ProACS. Todos os ERs foram calculados com dados da hist&#243;ria cl&#237;nica, dados eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos, e dados laboratoriais coletados na admiss&#227;o. Todos os pacientes inclu&#237;dos foram acompanhados por pelo menos um ano ou at&#233; a ocorr&#234;ncia de um evento importante. O desfecho prim&#225;rio deste estudo foi mortalidade hospitalar combinada com mortalidade por todas as causas ou SCA n&#227;o fatal em um ano de acompanhamento.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram caracterizadas em porcentagens. As compara&#231;&#245;es dessas vari&#225;veis entre grupos foram realizadas pelo teste qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher. Vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas num&#233;ricas foram expressas em m&#233;dia &#177; desvio padr&#227;o e o ER em mediana e intervalo interquartil, dada sua natureza ordinal. Quando a suposi&#231;&#227;o de normalidade n&#227;o podia ser aplicada a qualquer das vari&#225;veis num&#233;ricas estudadas, as compara&#231;&#245;es foram feitas pelo teste de Mann-Whitney. An&#225;lises comparativas foram realizadas em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s vari&#225;veis demogr&#225;ficas, estrat&#233;gias terap&#234;uticas, e par&#226;metros gerais de desfecho. O ER foi avaliado por curvas ROC (<italic>receiver operating characteristic curves</italic>) e suas &#225;reas sob a curva (AUC) quanto &#224; capacidade de diferenciar os pacientes com e sem eventos cl&#237;nicos adversos, quanto &#224; mortalidade hospitalar e combina&#231;&#227;o dos eventos mortalidade por todas as causas ou SCA n&#227;o fatal em um ano de acompanhamento. A compara&#231;&#227;o da AUC de cada ER com a do ProACS foi realizada pelo m&#233;todo descrito por DeLong et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> O teste de Hosmer-Lemeshow<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> foi usado para avaliar a qualidade do ajuste de cada escore de risco. Foram apresentados valores p bicaudais, e um valor de p &lt; 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada pelo programa SPSS vers&#227;o 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, EUA) e pelo MedCalc vers&#227;o 18.2.1 (MedCalc Software, Osted, B&#233;lgica).</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Caracter&#237;sticas basais e preditores univariados de um pior desfecho</title>
          <p>Um total de 1.452 pacientes foi inclu&#237;do no estudo. As caracter&#237;sticas basais s&#227;o apresentadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 1</xref>. Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; mortalidade hospitalar, 6,5% dos pacientes foram a &#243;bito durante a interna&#231;&#227;o. Em um ano de acompanhamento, 9,9% dos pacientes foram a &#243;bito ou sofreram de SCA n&#227;o fatal.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t6">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Caracteriza&#231;&#227;o da popula&#231;&#227;o (n = 1.452)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="50%"/>
                <col width="50%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Sexo masculino, %</th>
                  <th align="center">70%</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Idade, anos</td>
                  <td align="center">69,09 &#177; 13,2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Tipo de SCA</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">STEMI</td>
                  <td align="center">45,1%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">NSTEMI/AI</td>
                  <td align="center">52,0%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">SCA com bloqueio de ramo esquerdo</td>
                  <td align="center">2,3%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">SCA com pacing ventricular</td>
                  <td align="center">0,6%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Press&#227;o sangu&#237;nea sist&#243;lica na admiss&#227;o (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">140.54 &#177; 30.4</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Press&#227;o sangu&#237;nea diast&#243;lica (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">81.79 &#177; 17.7</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, batimentos por minuto</td>
                  <td align="center">79.29 &#177; 21.1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Classe Killip-Kimbal na admiss&#227;o</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">I</td>
                  <td align="center">70,7%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">II</td>
                  <td align="center">22,0%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">III</td>
                  <td align="center">5,0%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IV</td>
                  <td align="center">2,3%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Classe Killip-Kimbal m&#225;xima</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">I</td>
                  <td align="center">57,2%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">II</td>
                  <td align="center">27,3%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">III</td>
                  <td align="center">6,0%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IV</td>
                  <td align="center">9,4%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Fatores de risco</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">65,8%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Dislipidemia</td>
                  <td align="center">46,6%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tabagismo</td>
                  <td align="center">24,3%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Diabetes mellitus</td>
                  <td align="center">26,6%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria pr&#233;via</td>
                  <td align="center">19,5%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica</td>
                  <td align="center">9,7%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Doen&#231;a cerebrovascular</td>
                  <td align="center">9,4%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Medica&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Estatina</td>
                  <td align="center">35,0%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">iSRAA</td>
                  <td align="center">48,1%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Betabloqueador</td>
                  <td align="center">17,5%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria</td>
                  <td align="center">34,4%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Valores laboratoriais</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Hemoglobina, g/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">13,95 &#177; 2,5</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Creatinina, mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">1,20 &#177; 1,6</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Troponina de alta sensibilidade I na admiss&#227;o, ng/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">15,92 &#177; 49,7</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Troponina I m&#225;xima, ng/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">69,68 &#177; 104,7</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico cerebral, pg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">552,58 &#177; 708,0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Medica&#231;&#227;o e estrat&#233;gia terap&#234;utica durante hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">iSRAA</td>
                  <td align="center">81,9%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Betabloqueador</td>
                  <td align="center">59,6%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Nitratos</td>
                  <td align="center">32,4%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Antiarr&#237;tmicos</td>
                  <td align="center">13,6%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Inotr&#243;picos</td>
                  <td align="center">12,3%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Estrat&#233;gia invasiva</td>
                  <td align="center">79,9%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, %</td>
                  <td align="center">53,80 &#177; 12,3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Dias de interna&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">7,3 &#177; 5,0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Escores de risco</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">TIMI para STEMI</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (3-7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">PURSUIT</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (10-14)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">SRI</td>
                  <td align="center">26,04 (17,82 - 37,24)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">GRACE</td>
                  <td align="center">144 (112-178,75)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">EMMACE</td>
                  <td align="center">0,15 (0,06 - 0,33)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (3-5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">ACTION Registry-GWTG</td>
                  <td align="center">34 (27-44)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">C-ACS</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (1-1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">ProACS</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1-3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Mortalidade hospitalar</td>
                  <td align="center">6,5%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Mortalidade por todas as causas e SCA n&#227;o fatal em um ano de acompanhamento</td>
                  <td align="center">9,9%</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN6">
                <p>SCA: s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda; STEMI: infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST; NSTEMI/AI: infarto do mioc&#225;rdio sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST/angina inst&#225;vel; iRAAS: inibidores do sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona. TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; PURSUIT: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy; SRI: Simple Risk Index; GRACE: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; EMMACE: Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events; C-ACS: Canada Acute Coronary Syndrome. Doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica definida como diminui&#231;&#227;o da taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular para valores inferiores a 60 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Tabela 2</xref> apresenta preditores univariados de mortalidade hospitalar, mortalidade por todas as causas e SCA n&#227;o fatal em um ano de acompanhamento. &#201; evidente que os pacientes mais velhos apresentaram maior mortalidade, com associa&#231;&#227;o entre doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica e um pior progn&#243;stico. A apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica tamb&#233;m influenciou no desfecho. Press&#227;o sangu&#237;nea mais baixa e maior frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, bem como a classifica&#231;&#227;o de Killip e Kimball (KK) associaram-se com maior taxa de mortalidade. Tamb&#233;m &#233; evidente que valores mais baixos de hemoglobina e de fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, e valores mais altos de creatinina, troponina e pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico cerebral associaram-se com um pior progn&#243;stico. Quanto &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos em um ano, os pacientes mais velhos e do sexo feminino tenderam a apresentar maior mortalidade no acompanhamento. NSTEMI/AI associou-se com pior progn&#243;stico. Press&#227;o sangu&#237;nea diast&#243;lica mais baixa, maior frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e maior classe KK associaram-se com maior taxa de eventos. Quanto &#224; hist&#243;rica cl&#237;nica, hist&#243;ria de diabetes mellitus, doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica e doen&#231;a coronariana associaram-se a um pior progn&#243;stico. Maior taxa de eventos em um ano de acompanhamento foi visto em pacientes medicados anteriormente ao evento-&#237;ndice com estatina, inibidores do sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, betabloqueadores, e terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria. Todos os ERs foram maiores nos grupos com pior desfecho, tanto na mortalidade hospitalar como em um ano de acompanhamento.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t7">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Preditores univariados de pior progn&#243;stico</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
                <col width="14%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <th align="left">
									</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="3">Mortalidade hospitalar</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="3">1 ano de acompanhamento</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">
									</th>
                  <th align="center">Com eventos<break/>(n = 94)</th>
                  <th align="center">Sem eventos<break/>(n = 1358)</th>
                  <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
                  <th align="center">Com eventos<break/>(n = 135)</th>
                  <th align="center">Sem eventos<break/>(n = 1223)</th>
                  <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Sexo masculino, %</td>
                  <td align="center">70,2%</td>
                  <td align="center">70,0%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,97</td>
                  <td align="center">59,3%</td>
                  <td align="center">71,2%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,004</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Idade, anos</td>
                  <td align="center">76,6 &#177; 10,2</td>
                  <td align="center">68,6 &#177; 13,2</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">75,4 &#177; 12,7</td>
                  <td align="center">67,8 &#177; 13,1</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Tipo de SCA</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">STEMI, %</td>
                  <td align="center">54,3%</td>
                  <td align="center">46,9%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,168</td>
                  <td align="center">31,1%</td>
                  <td align="center">48.7%</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">NSTEMI/AI, %</td>
                  <td align="center">45,7%</td>
                  <td align="center">53,1%</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">68,9%</td>
                  <td align="center">51.3%</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Press&#227;o sangu&#237;nea sist&#243;lica na admiss&#227;o, mmHg</td>
                  <td align="center">121,6 &#177; 30</td>
                  <td align="center">141,9 &#177; 30</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">138,7 &#177; 31,7</td>
                  <td align="center">142,2 &#177; 30</td>
                  <td align="center">0,109</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Press&#227;o sangu&#237;nea diast&#243;lica na admiss&#227;o, mmHg</td>
                  <td align="center">73,2 &#177; 18,4</td>
                  <td align="center">82,4 &#177; 17,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">78,6 &#177; 17,4</td>
                  <td align="center">82,9 &#177; 17,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,002</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, batimentos por minuto</td>
                  <td align="center">83,9 &#177; 25,6</td>
                  <td align="center">79,0 &#177; 20,7</td>
                  <td align="center">0,02</td>
                  <td align="center">85,6 &#177; 21,1</td>
                  <td align="center">78,2 &#177; 20,6</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Classe Killip-Kimbal na admiss&#227;o</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">I</td>
                  <td align="center">34,0%</td>
                  <td align="center">73,3%</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">43,0%</td>
                  <td align="center">76,6%</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">II</td>
                  <td align="center">48,9%</td>
                  <td align="center">20,1%</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">43,7%</td>
                  <td align="center">17,5%</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">III</td>
                  <td align="center">7,4%</td>
                  <td align="center">4,8%</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">10,4%</td>
                  <td align="center">4,2%</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IV</td>
                  <td align="center">9,6%</td>
                  <td align="center">1,8%</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">3,0%</td>
                  <td align="center">1,7%</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&gt; I</td>
                  <td align="center">66,0%</td>
                  <td align="center">26,7%</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">57,0%</td>
                  <td align="center">23,4%</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Classe Killip-Kimbal m&#225;xima</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">I</td>
                  <td align="center">4,3%</td>
                  <td align="center">60,9%</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">29,6%</td>
                  <td align="center">64,3%</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">II</td>
                  <td align="center">12,8%</td>
                  <td align="center">28,4%</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">51,9%</td>
                  <td align="center">25,8%</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">III</td>
                  <td align="center">2,1%</td>
                  <td align="center">6,3%</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">13,3%</td>
                  <td align="center">5,5%</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">IV</td>
                  <td align="center">80,9%</td>
                  <td align="center">4,5%</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">5,2%</td>
                  <td align="center">4,4%</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">&gt; I</td>
                  <td align="center">95,7%</td>
                  <td align="center">39,1%</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">70,4%</td>
                  <td align="center">35,7%</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Fatores de risco</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o, %</td>
                  <td align="center">70,2%</td>
                  <td align="center">65,5%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,355</td>
                  <td align="center">70,4%</td>
                  <td align="center">65,0%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,213</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Dislipidemia, %</td>
                  <td align="center">41,5%</td>
                  <td align="center">46,9%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,308</td>
                  <td align="center">51,9%</td>
                  <td align="center">46,4%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,225</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Tabagismo</td>
                  <td align="center">16,0%</td>
                  <td align="center">24,9%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,051</td>
                  <td align="center">13,3%</td>
                  <td align="center">26,2%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Diabetes Mellitus, %</td>
                  <td align="center">31,9%</td>
                  <td align="center">26,2%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,226</td>
                  <td align="center">35,6%</td>
                  <td align="center">25,2%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,009</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica, %</td>
                  <td align="center">17,5%</td>
                  <td align="center">9,1%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,015</td>
                  <td align="center">20,4%</td>
                  <td align="center">7,6%</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Doen&#231;a cerebrovascular, %</td>
                  <td align="center">12,5%</td>
                  <td align="center">9,2%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,332</td>
                  <td align="center">11,5%</td>
                  <td align="center">8,9%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,368</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria pr&#233;via, %</td>
                  <td align="center">19,1%</td>
                  <td align="center">19,5%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,931</td>
                  <td align="center">34,1%</td>
                  <td align="center">17,9%</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Mais de tr&#234;s fatores de risco</td>
                  <td align="center">34,0%</td>
                  <td align="center">29,4%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,339</td>
                  <td align="center">35,6%</td>
                  <td align="center">28,7%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,097</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Medica&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Estatinas, %</td>
                  <td align="center">36,2%</td>
                  <td align="center">34,9%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,803</td>
                  <td align="center">43,0%</td>
                  <td align="center">34,0%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,038</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">iSRAA, %</td>
                  <td align="center">55,3%</td>
                  <td align="center">47,6%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,015</td>
                  <td align="center">57,0%</td>
                  <td align="center">46,6%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,021</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Betabloqueador, %</td>
                  <td align="center">17,0%</td>
                  <td align="center">17,5%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,901</td>
                  <td align="center">25,2%</td>
                  <td align="center">16,7%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,014</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria, %</td>
                  <td align="center">38,3%</td>
                  <td align="center">34,1%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,407</td>
                  <td align="center">58,5%</td>
                  <td align="center">31,4%</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Valores laboratoriais</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Hemoglobina, g/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">13,3 &#177; 2,4</td>
                  <td align="center">14,0 &#177; 2,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,006</td>
                  <td align="center">12,8 &#177; 2,1</td>
                  <td align="center">14,1 &#177; 2,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Creatinina, mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">1,56 &#177; 0,93</td>
                  <td align="center">1,18 &#177; 1,6</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">1,58 &#177; 1,6</td>
                  <td align="center">1,13 &#177; 1,6</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Troponina na admiss&#227;o, ng/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">34,4 &#177; 72,2</td>
                  <td align="center">14,6 &#177; 47,5</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">23,1 &#177; 86,1</td>
                  <td align="center">13,7 &#177; 41</td>
                  <td align="center">0,215</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Troponina m&#225;xima, ng/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">109,8 &#177; 146,1</td>
                  <td align="center">67,2 &#177; 101,1</td>
                  <td align="center">0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">66,3 &#177; 117,5</td>
                  <td align="center">67,3 &#177; 99,3</td>
                  <td align="center">0,021</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico cerebral, pg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">1109,0 &#177; 1194,9</td>
                  <td align="center">511,3 &#177; 640,2</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">972,2 &#177; 1052,9</td>
                  <td align="center">441,2 &#177; 517,6</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Medica&#231;&#227;o e estrat&#233;gia terap&#234;utica durante interna&#231;&#227;o</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">iSRAA</td>
                  <td align="center">59,5%</td>
                  <td align="center">83,7%</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">78,8%</td>
                  <td align="center">84,3%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,090</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Betabloqueador</td>
                  <td align="center">34,2%</td>
                  <td align="center">61,6%</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">48,7%</td>
                  <td align="center">63,3%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,002</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Nitratos</td>
                  <td align="center">39,2%</td>
                  <td align="center">31,9%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,392</td>
                  <td align="center">28,3%</td>
                  <td align="center">23,3%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,082</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Antiarr&#237;tmicos</td>
                  <td align="center">21,8%</td>
                  <td align="center">13,0%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,038</td>
                  <td align="center">19,5%</td>
                  <td align="center">12,2%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,025</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Inotr&#243;picos</td>
                  <td align="center">53,2%</td>
                  <td align="center">9,0%</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">10,6%</td>
                  <td align="center">8,8%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,316</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Estrat&#233;gia invasiva</td>
                  <td align="center">54,0%</td>
                  <td align="center">80,6%</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">56,2%</td>
                  <td align="center">83,4%</td>
                  <td align="center">0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, %</td>
                  <td align="center">40.7 &#177; 15.2</td>
                  <td align="center">54,1 &#177; 12,0</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">50,1 &#177; 12,6</td>
                  <td align="center">54,7 &#177; 11,8</td>
                  <td align="center">0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Dias de interna&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">5.6 &#177; 6</td>
                  <td align="center">7,42 &#177; 4,8</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">9,2 &#177; 5,0</td>
                  <td align="center">7,2 &#177; 4,8</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Escores de risco</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">TIMI para STEMI</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (5-9)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (2-6)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (4-8)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (2-6)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">PURSUIT</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (14-16)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (10-14)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (12-16)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (10-14)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">SRI</td>
                  <td align="center">38,9 (28,7-54,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">25,2 (17,5 - 35,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">36,2 (23,3-48,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">24,2 (17,0 - 33,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">GRACE</td>
                  <td align="center">217 (195-249)</td>
                  <td align="center">140 (109-171)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">170 (142-194)</td>
                  <td align="center">137 (107-167)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">EMMACE</td>
                  <td align="center">0,36 (0,23-0,55)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,14 (0,06 - 0,31)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,29 (0,13-0,48)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,13 (0,05-0,28)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (3-5)4,28 &#177; 1,6</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (3-5)3,73 &#177; 1,6</td>
                  <td align="center">0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (3-5)4,36 &#177; 1,8</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (3-5)3,7 &#177; 1,6</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">ACTION Registry-GWTG</td>
                  <td align="center">58,5 (51-66)</td>
                  <td align="center">33 (27 -42)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">42 (33-50)</td>
                  <td align="center">32 (26-41)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">C-ACS</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (1-2)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (1-1)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (1-2)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (1-1)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,029</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">ProACS</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (4-6)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1- 3)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (2-4)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1-3)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN7">
                <p>SCA: s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda; STEMI: infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST; NSTEMI/AI: infarto do mioc&#225;rdio sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST/angina inst&#225;vel; iRAAS: inibidores do sistema renina angiotensina aldosterona; TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; PURSUIT: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy; Simple Risk Index; GRACE: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; EMMACE: Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events; C-ACS: Canada Acute Coronary Syndrome. Valores p obtidos pelo teste de Mann-Whitney para vari&#225;veis num&#233;ricas e pelo teste do qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher para vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Acur&#225;cia preditiva dos escores de risco</title>
          <p>As <xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Tabelas 3</xref>, <xref ref-type="table" rid="t9">4</xref> e <xref ref-type="table" rid="t10">5</xref> descrevem a acur&#225;cia preditiva e a qualidade do ajuste do ER em predizer mortalidade hospitalar global e nos pacientes com STEMI e NSTEMI/AI, e a ocorr&#234;ncia de mortalidade por todas as causas e SCA n&#227;o fatal em um ano de acompanhamento respectivamente. A &#250;ltima coluna de cada tabela mostra como os outros ERs se comparam com o escore ProACS. A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 1</xref> mostra as curvas ROC do ER e mortalidade hospitalar. A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 2</xref> mostra mortalidade intra-hospitalar em pacientes com STEMI e NSTEMI individualmente. O progn&#243;stico em longo prazo est&#225; representado na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura 3</xref>.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t8">
            <label>Tabela 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Acur&#225;cia preditiva e qualidade do ajuste dos escores em predizer mortalidade hospitalar e compara&#231;&#227;o com o escore ProACS</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" rowspan="3">
									</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="5" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Mortalidade hospitalar</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center" rowspan="2">Estat&#237;stica-C (IC 95%)</th>
                  <th align="center" rowspan="2">Valor de p</th>
                  <th align="center" rowspan="2">Valor de p (Hosmer-Lemeshow &#967;<sup>2</sup>)</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Compara&#231;&#227;o com o escore de risco ProACS</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center">&#8710;</th>
                  <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">TIMI para STEMI</td>
                  <td align="center">0,744 (0,695-0,792)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,486</td>
                  <td align="center">0,165</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">PURSUIT</td>
                  <td align="center">0,775 (0,733-0,817)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,043</td>
                  <td align="center">0,133</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">SRI</td>
                  <td align="center">0,732 (0,682-0,781)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,23</td>
                  <td align="center">0,176</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">GRACE</td>
                  <td align="center">0,890 (0,855-0,925)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,298</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0185</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0879</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">EMMACE</td>
                  <td align="center">0,749 (0,700-0,797</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,566</td>
                  <td align="center">0,160</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS</td>
                  <td align="center">0,600 (0,543-0,656)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,804</td>
                  <td align="center">0,309</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">ACTION Registry-GWTG</td>
                  <td align="center">0,904 (0,870-0,938)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,041</td>
                  <td align="center">0,00399</td>
                  <td align="center">0,6647</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">C-ACS</td>
                  <td align="center">0,619 (0,554-0,684)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,003</td>
                  <td align="center">0,289</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">ProACS</td>
                  <td align="center">0,908 (0,876-0,941)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,031</td>
                  <td align="center">N/A</td>
                  <td align="center">N/A</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN8">
                <p>&#8710;: diferen&#231;a entre as duas &#225;reas sob a curva; TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; PURSUIT: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy; Simple Risk Index; GRACE: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; EMMACE: Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events; C-ACS: Canada Acute Coronary Syndrome.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <table-wrap id="t9">
            <label>Tabela 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Acur&#225;cia preditiva e qualidade do ajuste dos escores em predizer mortalidade hospitalar e compara&#231;&#227;o com o escore de risco ProACS, tanto em pacientes com STEMI como em pacientes com NSTEMI/UA</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="3">
                    <bold>STEMI</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="5" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                    <bold>Mortalidade hospitalar</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                    <bold>Estat&#237;stica-C (IC 95%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                    <bold>Valor de p</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                    <bold>Valor de p (Hosmer-Lemeshow &#967;<sup>2</sup>)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                    <bold>Compara&#231;&#227;o com o escore de risco ProACS Risk</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>&#8710;</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Valor de p</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">TIMI para STEMI</td>
                  <td align="center">0,785 (0,720-0,849)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,766</td>
                  <td align="center">0,139</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">PURSUIT</td>
                  <td align="center">0,809 (0,758-0,861)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,075</td>
                  <td align="center">0,114</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">SRI</td>
                  <td align="center">0,781 (0,718-0,843)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,011</td>
                  <td align="center">0,143</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">GRACE</td>
                  <td align="center">0,899 (0,856-0,942)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,603</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0244</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0331</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">EMMACE</td>
                  <td align="center">0,795 (0,731-0,858)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,392</td>
                  <td align="center">0,129</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS</td>
                  <td align="center">0,674 (0,596-0,751)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,206</td>
                  <td align="center">0,250</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">ACTION Registry-GWTG</td>
                  <td align="center">0,911 (0,874-0,948)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,882</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0127</td>
                  <td align="center">0,2248</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">C-ACS</td>
                  <td align="center">0,620 (0,531-0,708)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,004</td>
                  <td align="center">0,005</td>
                  <td align="center">0,304</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="left">ProACS</td>
                  <td align="center">0,923 (0,892-0,955)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,821</td>
                  <td align="center">N/A</td>
                  <td align="center">N/A</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="2">
                    <bold>NSTEMI/UA</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                    <bold>Estat&#237;stica-C (IC 95%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                    <bold>Valor de p</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                    <bold>Valor de p (Hosmer-Lemeshow &#967;<sup>2</sup>)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                    <bold>Compara&#231;&#227;o com o escore de risco ProACS Risk</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>&#8710;</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Valor de p</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">TIMI for STEMI</td>
                  <td align="center">0,696 (0,624-0,767)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,377</td>
                  <td align="center">0,202</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">PURSUIT</td>
                  <td align="center">0,742 (0,673-0,810)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,551</td>
                  <td align="center">0,157</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">SRI</td>
                  <td align="center">0,682 (0,604-0,761)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,078</td>
                  <td align="center">0,216</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">GRACE</td>
                  <td align="center">0,878 (0,822-0,934)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,566</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0205</td>
                  <td align="center">0,2040</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">EMMACE</td>
                  <td align="center">0,702 (0,629-0,774)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,376</td>
                  <td align="center">0,197</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS</td>
                  <td align="center">0,534 (0,448-0,620)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,453</td>
                  <td align="center">0,455</td>
                  <td align="center">0,364</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">ACTION Registry-GWTG</td>
                  <td align="center">0,895 (0,835-0,956)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,00302</td>
                  <td align="center">0,8411</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">C-ACS</td>
                  <td align="center">0,618 (0,522-0,714)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,009</td>
                  <td align="center">0,077</td>
                  <td align="center">0,281</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,0001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">ProACS</td>
                  <td align="center">0,898 (0,841-0,956)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">N/A</td>
                  <td align="center">N/A</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN9">
                <p>&#8710;: diferen&#231;a entre as duas &#225;reas sob a curva. TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; PURSUIT: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy; Simple Risk Index; GRACE: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; EMMACE: Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events; C-ACS: Canada Acute Coronary Syndrome.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <table-wrap id="t10">
            <label>Tabela 5</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Acur&#225;cia preditiva e qualidade do ajuste em predizer a ocorr&#234;ncia de mortalidade por todas as causas e s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda n&#227;o fatal em um ano de acompanhamento e compara&#231;&#227;o com o escore de risco ProACS risk score</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
                <col width="16%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" rowspan="3">
									</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="5" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Mortalidade por todas as causas e s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda em um ano de acompanhamento</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center" rowspan="2">Estat&#237;stica-C (IC 95%)</th>
                  <th align="center" rowspan="2">Valor de p</th>
                  <th align="center" rowspan="2">Valor de p (Hosmer-Lemeshow &#967;<sup>2</sup>)</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Compara&#231;&#227;o com o escore de risco ProACS</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center">&#8710;</th>
                  <th align="center">Valor de p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">TIMI para STEMI</td>
                  <td align="center">0,695 (0,650-0,741)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,033</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0323</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0656</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">PURSUIT</td>
                  <td align="center">0,682 (0,634-0,730)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0185</td>
                  <td align="center">0,3846</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">SRI</td>
                  <td align="center">0,680 (0,632-0,729)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,042</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0171</td>
                  <td align="center">0,3854</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">GRACE</td>
                  <td align="center">0,684 (0,639-0,729)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,022</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0209</td>
                  <td align="center">0,1608</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">EMMACE</td>
                  <td align="center">0,673 (0,623-0,723)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,681</td>
                  <td align="center">0,00997</td>
                  <td align="center">0,6157</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS</td>
                  <td align="center">0,622 (0,570-0,673)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,027</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0414</td>
                  <td align="center">0,2093</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">ACTION Registry-GWTG</td>
                  <td align="center">0,690 (0,643-0,737)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,005</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0267</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0567</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">C-ACS</td>
                  <td align="center">0,550 (0,497-0,603)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,057</td>
                  <td align="center">0,366</td>
                  <td align="center">0,113</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0007</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">ProACS</td>
                  <td align="center">0,663 (0,617-0,709)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,015</td>
                  <td align="center">N/A</td>
                  <td align="center">N/A</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN10">
                <p>&#8710;: diferen&#231;a entre as duas &#225;reas sob a curva. TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; PURSUIT: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy; Simple Risk Index; GRACE: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; EMMACE: Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events; C-ACS: Canada Acute Coronary Syndrome.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>
            <fig id="f4">
              <label>Figura 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Curvas ROC (Receiver operating characteristic) dps escores de risco e mortalidade hospitalar na popula&#231;&#227;o total. TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; PURSUIT: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy; Simple Risk Index; GRACE: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; EMMACE: Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events; C-ACS: Canada Acute Coronary Syndrome.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-01-0020-90109-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
            <fig id="f5">
              <label>Figura 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Curvas ROC (Receiver operating characteristic) de escores de risco e mortalidade hospitalar no grupo de pacientes com infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento SR e pacientes com infarto do mioc&#225;rdio sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio ST. TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; PURSUIT: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy; Simple Risk Index; GRACE: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; EMMACE: Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events; C-ACS: Canada Acute Coronary Syndrome.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-01-0020-90109-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
            <fig id="f6">
              <label>Figura 3</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Curvas ROC (Receiver operating characteristic) dos escores de risco e mortalidade por todas as causas e s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda (SCA) em um ano de acompanhamento. TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; PURSUIT: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy; Simple Risk Index; GRACE: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; EMMACE: Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events; C-ACS: Canada Acute Coronary Syndrome.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-113-01-0020-90109-gf03-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>A maioria dos ERs mostraram boa acur&#225;cia discriminat&#243;ria em predizer mortalidade hospitalar, como mostrado por estat&#237;stica-C consistentemente superior a 0,700. Tr&#234;s ERs mostraram claramente melhor desempenho que as outras, os escores GRACE, ACTION Registry-GWTG e ProACS, com estat&#237;stica-C em torno de 0,900. A maioria dos ERs, com exce&#231;&#227;o do ProACS (p = 0,031), PURSUIT (p = 0,043), ACTION Registry-GWTG (p = 0,041) e C-ACS (p = 0,003), mostrou boa qualidade do ajuste (p &gt; 0,05 pelo teste Hosmer-Lemeshow). Comparando o ProACS com os outros ERs, observou-se uma superioridade significativamente maior do primeiro em rela&#231;&#227;o a todos os demais, exceto o ACTION Registry-GWTG (p = 0,6647) e o GRACE (p = 0,0879).</p>
          <p>Todos os ERs mostraram consistentemente melhor acur&#225;cia discriminat&#243;ria em predizer mortalidade hospitalar em pacientes com STEMI. Nessa popula&#231;&#227;o, os ERs ACTION Registry-GWTG e ProACS tiveram um desempenho formid&#225;vel, com estat&#237;stica-C maior que 0,900. Praticamente todos os ERs mostraram bom ajuste exceto o SRI (p = 0,011), o C-ACS (p = 0,005) e uma tend&#234;ncia do PURSUIT (p = 0,075). Em pacientes com STEMI o ACTION Registry-GWTG (p = 0,882) e o ProACS (p = 0,821) mostraram boa qualidade do ajuste. O ER ProACS mostrou acur&#225;cia discriminat&#243;ria significativamente superior em compara&#231;&#227;o a todos os ERs, exceto o ACTION Registry-GWTG (p = 0,2248).</p>
          <p>Nos pacientes com NSTEMI, o desempenho do ER foi levemente pior em compara&#231;&#227;o aos pacientes com STEMI. Os escores ProACS, ACTION Registry-GWTG e GRACE foram os que apresentaram maior acur&#225;cia discriminat&#243;ria em predizer mortalidade hospitalar, com estat&#237;stica-C de 0,898, 0,895 e 0,878 respectivamente. O ProACS tamb&#233;m mostrou superioridade significativa, exceto quando comparado ao ER mencionado acima. No entanto, os escores ProACS e ACTION Registry-GWTG apresentaram valores de p de 0,001 e &lt; 0,001, respectivamente, no teste de Hosmer-Lemeshow, indicando falta de ajuste do modelo.</p>
          <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; mortalidade por todas as causas e SCA n&#227;o fatal em um ano de seguimento, todos os escores tiveram baixo desempenho, com estat&#237;stica-C consistentemente abaixo de 0,700. O PRoACS s&#243; foi estatisticamente superior que o ER C-ACS, que mostrou baixa acur&#225;cia discriminat&#243;ria (estat&#237;stica-C 0,550). A maioria dos escores mostraram aus&#234;ncia de ajuste.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Desenvolvimento de escores de risco em s&#237;ndromes coron&#225;rias agudas</title>
          <p>Avan&#231;os terap&#234;uticos e o desenvolvimento de estrat&#233;gias invasivas t&#234;m tido um impacto significativo no progn&#243;stico de SCA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> A estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco tornou-se uma parte essencial do estabelecimento de uma estrat&#233;gia de tratamento personalizada em pacientes com SCA, pensando-se nos riscos e nos benef&#237;cios de uma abordagem invasiva precoce.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Em pacientes com STEMI, a interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea prim&#225;ria &#233; a abordagem padr&#227;o e, por isso, uma estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco precoce &#233; menos importante.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Contudo, a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco em STEMI ainda exerce um importante papel em predizer quais pacientes est&#227;o em maior risco de morte ou de SCA recorrente, exigindo, assim, um tratamento m&#233;dico mais agressivo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Os pacientes com NSTEMI/AI representam um grupo mais heterog&#234;neo, com a estratifica&#231;&#227;o precoce de risco exercendo um papel mais importante na decis&#227;o de quais pacientes se beneficiariam mais de uma estrat&#233;gia invasiva precoce.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> V&#225;rios ERs foram desenvolvidos nos &#250;ltimos 20 anos, com o objetivo de prever quais pacientes estariam em um maior risco de um desfecho pior.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> O simples ER TIMI para pacientes com STEMI<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> e para NSTEMI/AI<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> foi desenvolvido a partir de grandes ensaios cl&#237;nicos, com popula&#231;&#245;es controladas e selecionadas. O TIMI para STEMI<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> foi formulado no estudo InTIME II, que incluiu um total de 15078 pacientes, todos candidatos &#224; terapia fibrinol&#237;tica. Esse ER teve um bom desempenho em identificar os pacientes de alto risco (estat&#237;stica-C para predizer mortalidade intra-hospitalar e mortalidade nas primeiras 24 horas ap&#243;s admiss&#227;o foi 0,784 e 0,813, respectivamente).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> O escore TIMI para NSTEMI/IA foi desenvolvido a partir da base de dados do estudo TIMI 11B, com um total de 3910 pacientes, desempenho satisfat&#243;rio em predizer mortalidade por todas as causas, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio ou revasculariza&#231;&#227;o urgente em 14 dias.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> No entanto, uma vez que seu desempenho foi baixo em nossa popula&#231;&#227;o, os autores decidiram n&#227;o us&#225;-lo. O ER SRI tamb&#233;m foi calculado a partir do estudo InTIME, com uma coorte de 13 253 pacientes com STEMI. O ER teve bom desempenho em predizer mortalidade hospitalar (estat&#237;stica-C 0,79). O ER PURSUIT foi desenvolvido no estudo "<italic>Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin (eptifibatide) Therapy trial</italic>", incluindo uma popula&#231;&#227;o de 9461 pacientes, com estat&#237;stica-C de 0,814. Esses ERs s&#227;o simples e intuitivos, no entanto, pelo fato de terem sido derivados de dados de base de grandes ensaios, tendem a negligenciar pacientes espec&#237;ficos de alto risco.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> O score de risco GRACE foi desenvolvido usando um registro internacional, muito mais representativo dos pacientes do mundo real, com um total de 11389 pacientes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> O ER GRACE teve um desempenho melhor que outros ERs que usaram dados de ensaios cl&#237;nicos O GRACE mostrou boa capacidade preditiva de mortalidade hospitalar e em seis meses de acompanhamento.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Esse ER foi atualizado usando uma coorte de 48 023 pacientes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> e se tornou o ER mais utilizado, tanto em pacientes com STEMI como em pacientes com NSTEMI/AI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> O ER EMMACE tamb&#233;m foi desenvolvido a partir de pacientes admitidos por SCA durante um per&#237;odo de tr&#234;s meses em 1995, perfazendo um total de 2135 pacientes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> Uma f&#243;rmula matem&#225;tica contendo apenas tr&#234;s vari&#225;veis - idade, frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e press&#227;o sist&#243;lica - foi elaborada e revelou bom desempenho em predizer mortalidade de 30 dias (estat&#237;stica-C de 0,76-0,79). Esse ER &#233; simples e reproduz&#237;vel.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
					</p>
          <p>Em 2014, o <italic>American Journal of Cardiology</italic> publicou um ER que adaptou o simples escore CHA2DS2-VASc usado na fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial para predi&#231;&#227;o de risco de infarto no escore CHA2DS2-VASc-HS.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> Esse estudo unic&#234;ntrico incluiu 407 pacientes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> Esse escore foi desenvolvido com dados do ACTION Registry-GWTG, que incluiu 145952 pacientes de mais de 300 hospitais dos EUA admitidos tanto por STEMI como por NSTEMI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> O ER ACTION Registry-GWTG teve bom desempenho na popula&#231;&#227;o geral (estat&#237;stica-C 0,88), bem como em um subgrupo de pacientes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> Esse escore foi aparentemente uma boa alternativa para o GRACE.</p>
          <p>Finalmente, em 2017, a Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia apresentou um escore novo e simples.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> O ER ProACS, formulado por Tim&#243;teo et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> foi desenvolvido a partir de um registro nacional de ACSs. O modelo de risco foi desenvolvido com dados de 17 380 pacientes. A valida&#231;&#227;o interna e externa do escore foi feita com 12 701 e 8 532 pacientes, respectivamente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Tim&#243;teo et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> elaboraram um ER simples com quatro vari&#225;veis - idade, press&#227;o sist&#243;lica, classifica&#231;&#227;o KK e eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST (informa&#231;&#245;es facilmente obtidas mesmo no ambiente pr&#233;-hospitalar. O escore teve bom desempenho em predizer mortalidade hospitalar tanto em STEMI como em NSTEMI (estat&#237;stica-C de 0,785 a 0,809). Esse ER foi formulado de maneira similar ao C-ACS, um escore formulado por um grupo canadense e publicado no <italic>American Heart Journal</italic>. O C-ACS &#233; um escore simples contendo quatro vari&#225;veis (idade &#8805;75, classe KK &gt; I, press&#227;o sangu&#237;nea sist&#243;lica &lt; 100 mmHg e frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &gt; 100 batimentos/min.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> O escore foi desenvolvido a partir do registro de infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio de Quebec (AMI-QUEBEC, <italic>Acute Myocardial Infarction in Quebec</italic>) e do registro Canada ACS-1, com um total de 6182 pacientes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Esse escore teve um bom desempenho em predizer mortalidade em curto prazo (estat&#237;stica-c 0,73-0,75) e em longo prazo (estat&#237;stica-c 0,73-0,76).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
					</p>
          <p>Foi objetivo dos autores testar v&#225;rios ERs, validados no contexto da SCA, e determinar qual escore teve melhor desempenho em equilibrar boa capacidade preditiva, com uso simples e intuitivo. Os autores decidiram aplicar os ERs mencionados acima em uma popula&#231;&#227;o de pacientes admitidos por SCA em um &#250;nico centro, e comparar esses escores ao ProACS.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Escores de risco e mortalidade intra-hospitalar</title>
          <p>Quase todos os ERs tiveram bom desempenho. No entanto, o CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS e o C-ACS n&#227;o tiveram um desempenho t&#227;o bom nesta popula&#231;&#227;o (estat&#237;stica-C de 0,600 e 0,619, respectivamente), embora ambos tenham sido validados para predi&#231;&#227;o de mortalidade em curto prazo. Os escores TIMI para STEMI, PURSUIT, SRI e EMMACE tiveram desempenho moderado, com estat&#237;sticas-C de 0,744, 0,775, 0,732 e 0,749, respectivamente. De todos os ERs, tr&#234;s se destacaram - o ProACS, o GRACE e o ACTION Registry-GWTG - alcan&#231;ando valores de estat&#237;stica-C extremamente bons - 0,908, 0,904 e 0,890, respectivamente. Esses resultados demonstram maior efici&#234;ncia que a apresentada em estudos pr&#233;vios.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> O ProACS mostrou resultados expressivos, significativamente melhores que outros ERs, com exce&#231;&#227;o do ACTION Registry-GWTG e do GRACE. O &#250;nico contraponto foi um valor inferior a 0,05 no teste de Hosmer-Lemeshow para ambos os escores ProACS e ACTION Registry-GWTG, indicando falta de ajuste do modelo. Tal fato deve-se &#224; presen&#231;a de pacientes com NSTEMI neste estudo.</p>
          <p>Todos os ERs apresentaram melhor desempenho em predizer mortalidade hospitalar em STEMI. Mais uma vez, os ERs ProACS, ACTION Registry-GWTG e GRACE foram os que apresentaram melhor desempenho, atingindo estat&#237;stica-C de 0,923, 0,911 e 0,899, respectivamente. Esses n&#250;meros s&#227;o particularmente significativos, uma vez que superam suas coortes de deriva&#231;&#227;o e de valida&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> O ProACS mostrou superioridade estat&#237;stica em compara&#231;&#227;o a todos os outros escores, com exce&#231;&#227;o do ACTION Registry-GWTG, e leve superioridade em compara&#231;&#227;o ao escore GRACE. Em pacientes STEMI, esses tr&#234;s escores revelaram bom ajuste. Mais uma vez, os escore TIMI para STEMI, PURSUIT, SRI e EMMACE apresentaram desempenho satisfat&#243;rio (estat&#237;stica-c de 0,785, 0,809, 0,781 e 0,795, respectivamente). Os escores CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS e C-ACS n&#227;o tiveram desempenho esperado, com estat&#237;sticas-C de 0,674 e 0,620, respectivamente.</p>
          <p>Quanto a NSTEMI, os escores ProACS, GRACE e ACTION Registry-GWTG atingiram bom poder preditivo, com estat&#237;sticas-C de 0,898, 0,878 e 0,895, respectivamente. Nessa popula&#231;&#227;o, ambos os escores ProACS e ACTION Registry-GWTG mostraram falta de ajuste, interferindo na qualidade do ajuste desse escore na popula&#231;&#227;o geral. O PURSUIT e o EMMACE tiveram desempenho de qualidade moderada, com estat&#237;stica-C de 0,742 e 0,702, respectivamente. Chama a aten&#231;&#227;o o melhor desempenho do escore PURSUIT em compara&#231;&#227;o ao NSTEMI, uma vez que se baseia em pacientes com NSTEMI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Como esperado, os escores TIMI para STEMI e SRI tiveram baixo desempenho (estat&#237;stica-C de 0,696 e 0,682), j&#225; que ambos foram desenvolvidos para pacientes com STEMI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> O C-ACS mostrou baixa acur&#225;cia discriminat&#243;ria (estat&#237;stica-C 0,618), e o CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS n&#227;o foi capaz de predizer mortalidade hospitalar em pacientes com NSTEMI (estat&#237;stica-C de 0,534, p = 0,453).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Escores de risco e progn&#243;stico em longo prazo</title>
          <p>A maioria dos ERs avaliados foi desenvolvido somente para a predi&#231;&#227;o de progn&#243;stico em curto prazo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Nesta popula&#231;&#227;o, todos os ERs tiveram baixo desempenho ao predizer mortalidade por todas as causas e SCA n&#227;o fatal em um ano de acompanhamento (estat&#237;stica-C &lt; 0,7). Quase todos os ERs apresentaram estat&#237;stica-C de 0,622 a 0,690, sem diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa quando comparado ao ProACS. Vale destacar que o C-ACS n&#227;o foi capaz de predizer um pior progn&#243;stico em longo prazo (estat&#237;stica C 0,550, p=0,057), apesar de ter sido validado para predi&#231;&#227;o de progn&#243;stico em longo prazo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Outros estudos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para desenvolver um ER com melhor acur&#225;cia discriminat&#243;ria em predizer progn&#243;stico em longo prazo em pacientes com SCA.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es</title>
          <p>Este &#233; um estudo observacional, retrospectivo, unic&#234;ntrico de uma pequena popula&#231;&#227;o. A an&#225;lise dos par&#226;metros foi baseada em dados n&#227;o randomizados. O tamanho da amostra foi relativamente pequeno e composto por pacientes consecutivos admitidos em um &#250;nico hospital central, o que pode representar uma amostra enviesada.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
        <p>Nesta popula&#231;&#227;o, v&#225;rios ERs mostraram boa acur&#225;cia discriminat&#243;ria em predizer mortalidade em curto prazo. Os ERs ProACS, GRACE e ACTION Registry-GWTG tiveram um desempenho excelente, com estat&#237;stica-C em torno de 0,90. Isso revelou a grande capacidade preditiva tanto em pacientes com STEMI como em pacientes com NSTEMI. Os escores TIMI para STEMI, PURSUIT, SRI e EMMACE tiveram um desempenho razo&#225;vel. No entanto, o CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc-HS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> e o C-ACS tiveram baixo desempenho, talvez pelas diferen&#231;as entre as coortes nas quais se basearam, e a amostra populacional deste estudo. Nesta popula&#231;&#227;o real, &#233; evidente que o ER desenvolvido das bases de dados de grandes registros, tais como o GRACE, o ProACS e o ACTION Registry-GWTG, parecem ter melhor desempenho em compara&#231;&#227;o aos escores derivados de ensaios cl&#237;nicos, Os ERs desenvolvidos a partir de ensaios cl&#237;nicos tendem a incluir popula&#231;&#245;es enviesadas, que evitam pacientes de alto risco. Nenhum dos ERs tiveram bom desempenho em predizer progn&#243;stico de longo prazo. Tal fato &#233; compreens&#237;vel, uma vez que esses escores foram desenvolvidos para a predi&#231;&#227;o de mortalidade de curto prazo.</p>
        <p>O ER ProACS mostrou-se um modelo de risco eficaz, com &#243;timo desempenho nesta popula&#231;&#227;o, tanto em pacientes com STEMI como em pacientes com NSTEMI. Esse &#233; um escore intuitivo, que requer somente quatro vari&#225;veis facilmente obtidos. Sua simplicidade &#233; compar&#225;vel somente &#224; do C-ACS, cuja performance foi significativamente baixa em todos os aspectos. Os autores acreditam que o ProACS &#233; um m&#233;todo simples e apropriado para obten&#231;&#227;o da estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco adequada quanto ao progn&#243;stico de curto prazo que se aplica bem &#224; popula&#231;&#227;o portuguesa.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>
              <bold>Full texts in English - <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.arquivosonline.com.br">http://www.arquivosonline.com.br</ext-link></bold>
            </italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label>Errata</label>
          <p>No artigo original &#8220;Aplica&#231;&#227;o de Escores de Risco em S&#237;ndromes Coron&#225;rias Agudas: Como o ProACS se Comporta Diante de Outros Escores de Risco?&#8221; corrigir o t&#237;tulo da figura 1 de Cruva ROC &#8211; Escores de Risco e mortalidade hospitalar para Curva ROC &#8211; Escores de Risco e mortalidade hospitalar.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
