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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">hxRqVqkM4LXFv3SwvZvDQqS</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000600791</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190080</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Viewpoint</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Diuretic Effect of Sacubitril/Valsartan Might Be Clinically Relevant</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Beck-da-Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5702-210X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rohde</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s E.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Porto Alegre</city>
          <state>RS</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia - Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia e Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Porto Alegre</city>
          <state>RS</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia e Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1">Mailing Address: Lu&#237;s Beck-da-Silva, Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre - Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Sala 2060. CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil. E-mail: <email>lbneto@hcpa.edu.br</email>, <email>luisbeckdasilva@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p> Conception and design of the research and Writing of the manuscript:: Beck-da-Silva L; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Beck-da-Silva L, Rohde LE.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>15</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>112</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>791</fpage>
      <lpage>792</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Valsartan/therapeutic use</kwd>
        <kwd>Aminobutyrates/pharmacology</kwd>
        <kwd>Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology</kwd>
        <kwd>Natriuretic Peptides/physiology</kwd>
        <kwd>Tetrazoles/farmacologia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Recently, patients with heart failure have been prescribed a novel and innovative drug. Sacubitril/valsartan is a new drug modality that brings a 16% reduction in total mortality, a 20% reduction in cardiovascular mortality and 21% reduction in hospital admissions due to heart failure. The benefit is undoubtedly clinically relevant and the clinical trial which have shown such benefit have achieved an unprecedented statistical significance.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
		</p>
    <p>The mechanism of action of sacubitril/valsartan combines the well-known vasodilatory effect of valsartan associated with the neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibition effect of sacubitril, which will ultimately result in increased serum levels of natriuretic peptides, increased action of endogenous natriuretic peptides in target tissues by prolonging its tissue half-life, and consequently increased vasodilatory, anti-proliferative and natriuretic effects.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Although the current approach of replacing enalapril with sacubitril/valsartan might sound as a switch of vasodilators in patients with heart failure, the addition of natriuretic effect provided by sacubitril may in fact be the driving force of the clinical benefits. In favor of this concept we can make a few comments:</p>
    <p>
      <list list-type="alpha-lower">
        <list-item>
          <p>Hypotension, more frequently seen in sacubitril/valsartan than in the enalapril group, could possibly be associated with hypovolemia caused by the natriuretic effect of sacubitril;</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Patients who received valsartan (160 mg twice daily) in the Val-HEFT trial<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> did not show the same benefit on mortality or on hypotensive adverse events as those demonstrated in the PARADIGM-HF trial (sacubitril/valsartan 97/103 mg twice daily).</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>A post hoc analysis of data from the PARADIGM-HF study revealed that the increase in the mean dose of furosemide was smaller in the sacubitril/valsartan group compared with the enalapril group, and that the median dose of furosemide increased in the enalapril group, but not in the sacubitril/valsartan group.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
					</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
    </p>
    <p>It is well known from observational studies and meta-analyses that increased doses of diuretics have been linked to worse prognosis in patients with heart failure. Despite inherent biases associated with observational studies, it is biologically plausible that diuretics are potentially harmful due to heir hyperreninemic, vasoconstrictive and hypokalemic effects. One of the few clinical trials conducted on diuretics in patients with heart failure, the DOSE trial, have shown greater kidney toxicity associated with higher doses of furosemide. Diuretic dose reduction associated with sacubitril/valsartan therapy might be a desired secondary effect of this compound in patients with heart failure.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
		</p>
    <p>In that sense, studies on diuretic withdrawal are mostly needed. The REBIC (REde Brasileira de Insufici&#234;nia Card&#237;aca - Heart Failure Brazilian Network) trial is under way and is intended to be the largest clinical trial ever conducted designed to assess the effects of diuretic withdrawal in ambulatory patients with heart failure.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> A subgroup of patients on sacubitril-valsartan will be compared with those on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker for tolerance of diuretic withdrawal.</p>
    <p>While no other data are available, it is reasonable to recommend closer attention to patients&#8217; volume status and exercise a low threshold to decrease or even discontinue diuretics in heart failure patients on sacubitril/valsartan.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p> There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p> This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Ponto de Vista</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O Efeito Diur&#233;tico do Sacubitril/Valsartana pode ser Clinicamente Relevante</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Beck-da-Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5702-210X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rohde</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s E.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia - Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia e Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Lu&#237;s Beck-da-Silva,</bold> Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre - Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Sala 2060. CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil. E-mail: <email>lbneto@hcpa.edu.br</email>, <email>luisbeckdasilva@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p> Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Beck-da-Silva L; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Beck-da-Silva L e Rohde LE.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p> Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Valsartana/uso terap&#234;utico</kwd>
        <kwd>Aminobutiratos/farmacologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/farmacologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Pept&#237;deos Natriur&#233;ticos</kwd>
        <kwd>Tetraz&#243;is/farmacologia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Recentemente, um novo e inovador medicamento tem sido prescrito a pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. O sacubitril/valsartana &#233; uma nova modalidade de medicamento que promove uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 16% na mortalidade, 20% na mortalidade cardiovascular e 21% nas interna&#231;&#245;es hospitalares por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. O benef&#237;cio &#233; clinicamente relevante, e o ensaio cl&#237;nico que demonstrou tal benef&#237;cio alcan&#231;ou signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica sem precedentes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>O mecanismo de a&#231;&#227;o do sacubitril/valsartana combina o conhecido efeito vasodilatador da valsartana associado ao efeito inibit&#243;rio do sacubitril sobre a neprilisina (NEP), o que resulta em n&#237;veis aumentados de pept&#237;deos natriur&#233;ticos, a&#231;&#227;o aumentada de pept&#237;deos natriur&#233;ticos end&#243;genos nos tecidos alvos pelo aumento da meia vida nos tecidos, e consequentemente aumento no efeito vasodilatador, antiproliferativo e natriur&#233;tico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Apesar de a abordagem atual de se substituir o enalapril por sacubitril/valsartana possa parecer apenas uma substitui&#231;&#227;o de vasodilatadores em pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, a adi&#231;&#227;o do efeito natriur&#233;tico do sacubitril pode na verdade representar o agente condutor dos benef&#237;cios cl&#237;nicos. A favor desse conceito, podemos fazer alguns coment&#225;rios:</p>
      <p>a. A hipotens&#227;o, mais frequentemente observada em pacientes que recebem sacubitril/valsartana que naqueles que recebem enalapril, poderia estar associada com a hipovolemia causada pelo efeito natriur&#233;tico do sacubitril;</p>
      <p>b. Pacientes que receberam valsartana (160 mg duas vezes por dia) no ensaio Val-HEFT trial<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> n&#227;o mostraram o mesmo benef&#237;cio sobre a mortalidade ou sobre eventos adversos hipotensivos demonstrados no estudo PARADIGM-HF (sacubitril/valsartana 97/103 mg duas vezes por dia).</p>
      <p>c. Uma an&#225;lise post hoc dos dados do estudo PARADIGM-HF revelou que o aumento na dose m&#233;dia de furosemida foi menor no grupo que recebeu sacubitril/valsartana em compara&#231;&#227;o &#224;quele que recebeu enalapril, e que a dose mediana de furosemida aumentou somente no grupo que recebeu enalapril.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
			</p>
      <p>J&#225; est&#225; bem estabelecido, a partir de estudos observacionais e meta-an&#225;lises, que doses aumentadas de diur&#233;ticos est&#227;o associadas a um pior progn&#243;stico de pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. Apesar dos vieses inerentes a estudos observacionais, &#233; biologicamente plaus&#237;vel que os diur&#233;ticos sejam potencialmente prejudiciais devido ao aumento dos n&#237;veis plasm&#225;ticos de renina, ao efeito vasoconstritor e ao efeito hipocal&#234;mico. Um dos poucos ensaios cl&#237;nicos conduzidos com diur&#233;ticos em pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, o estudo DOSE, mostrou maior toxicidade renal associada a maiores doses de furosemida. A redu&#231;&#227;o na dose de diur&#233;ticos associada &#224; terapia com sacubitril/valsartana pode ser um efeito secund&#225;rio desejado desse composto em pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Nesse sentido, estudos sobre a retirada de diur&#233;ticos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios. O estudo REBIC (REde Brasileira de Insufici&#234;nia Card&#237;aca) est&#225; em andamento, e pretende ser o maior ensaio cl&#237;nico j&#225; realizado que avalie os efeitos da retirada de diur&#233;ticos em pacientes ambulatoriais com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Um subgrupo de pacientes que receberam sacubitril-valsartana ser&#225; comparado com pacientes que receberam inibidores de enzima conversora de angiotensina/bloqueador de receptor de angiotensina quanto &#224; toler&#226;ncia da retirada do diur&#233;tico.</p>
      <p>Na aus&#234;ncia de outros dados dispon&#237;veis, recomenda-se uma maior aten&#231;&#227;o no status de volume dos pacientes e a pr&#225;tica de um limiar mais baixo para a diminui&#231;&#227;o ou mesmo a retirada de diur&#233;ticos em pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca recebendo sacubitril/valsartana.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p> O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p> N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
