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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">mjxLMxsnt5nLWHZbJxX4GYg</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000600767</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190102</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction was not Associated with Cardiac Arrhythmias in the Cross-Sectional Analysis of the ELSA-Brasil Study</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3777-1947</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Soeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre de Matos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
            <state>SP</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Addres: Alexandre de Matos Soeiro,</bold> Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. Postal Code 09541-001, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>alexandre.soeiro@bol.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>15</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>112</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>767</fpage>
      <lpage>768</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Thyroid Diseases/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Pathologic Processes</kwd>
        <kwd>Thyrotropin (TSH)</kwd>
        <kwd>Arrhytmias, Cardiac</kwd>
        <kwd>Adult</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Brazil lacks large cohort studies with analyses of incidence and prevalence of diseases in all areas. In this context, the ELSA-Brasil study was an important milestone for the evaluation of cardiovascular diseases in the country. This study shows a very detailed means of exposing relevant facts to the occurrence or not of arrhythmogenic electrocardiographic manifestations in patients with subclinical thyroid hormone disorders. This issue is extremely relevant, has biological plausibility and generates several doubts regarding the patient.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
		</p>
    <p>The study included a relevant sample of 13,341 patients in total, with a mean age of 51 years. The data collection, electrocardiographic specifications and laboratory tests were protocolized according to predetermined and uniform specifications in all patients. Moreover, they were comprehensively evaluated, from arrhythmias supposedly more frequent in thyroid disorders such as atrial fibrillation, plus basal heart rate, presence of extrasystoles and conduction intervals.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
		</p>
    <p>On the other hand, there was a significant disparity between patients with alterations in hormonal levels when compared to those without alterations (6.68% vs. 93.32%), which in a way affects data analysis. Furthermore, the mean age of the patients involved in the study was the youngest of all previously performed studies with similar characteristics.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Although it included elderly patients, the percentage was small, which may explain the small rate of cardiac arrhythmias in the studied sample. Finally, serum levels of free T4 were similar between the groups. Thus, with very similar levels of circulating hormones, it is to be speculated that the arrhythmogenic event rates were not different from each other.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
		</p>
    <p>As mentioned in the article, the largest study published to date with similar characteristics included 23,838 patients and observed a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism. However, it was a cross-sectional study that included patients hospitalized for other comorbidities, a factor that interferes with the occurrence of events and that cannot be directly compared to studies with outpatient follow-up.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Regarding the other studies, the only prospective studies showed results that were similar to those of the ELSA-Brasil study, performed in the outpatient setting, with a total of more than 8,500 included patients, and which did not show any differences regarding the incidence of atrial fibrillation between the groups.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> It is noteworthy that the complete analysis of electrocardiographic data was unique in the ELSA-Brasil study, which makes it relevant in the area and with original information on the subject.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
		</p>
    <p>A recent review published by Razvi et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> highlighted the fact there is little evidence of the correlation between atrial fibrillation and subclinical hyperthyroidism and that there is no indication for treatment in patients under 65 years of age and TSH between 0.39 and 0.10 mIU/L related to concerns over cardiac arrhythmias.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Similarly, in acute coronary syndromes, a recent study evaluated a sample of 505 patients in Brazil and found that higher TSH values (&gt; 4 mIU/L) at the time of the clinical presentation showed a significant correlation with the occurrence of bleeding and cardiogenic shock. However, following the same trend as other studies, there was no correlation with the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias during hospitalization and TSH values.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Thus, due to the significant discrepancies between different studies and populations regarding the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias in subclinical forms of thyroid disorders, this study alone is not capable of suggesting changes in clinical behavior, but contributes significantly to the increase of evidence, reinforcing the negative side of interactions.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction was not Associated with Cardiac Arrhythmias in a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the ELSA-Brasil Study</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Disfun&#231;&#227;o Tireoidiana Subcl&#237;nica n&#227;o foi Associada com Arritmias Card&#237;acas em An&#225;lise Transversal do Estudo ELSA-Brasil</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3777-1947</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Soeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre de Matos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Alexandre de Matos Soeiro,</bold> Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. CEP 09541-001, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>alexandre.soeiro@bol.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as da Gl&#226;ndula Tireoide/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Processos Patol&#243;gicos</kwd>
        <kwd>Tireotropina (TSH)</kwd>
        <kwd>Arritmias Card&#237;acas</kwd>
        <kwd>Adultos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>O Brasil carece de grandes estudos de coorte com an&#225;lises de incid&#234;ncias e preval&#234;ncias de doen&#231;as em todas as &#225;reas. Nesse contexto, o estudo ELSA-Brasil foi um grande marco para a avalia&#231;&#227;o principalmente de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares dentro do pa&#237;s. Esse estudo apresentado vem de maneira muita detalhada expor fatos relevantes &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia ou n&#227;o de manifesta&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas arritmog&#234;nicas em pacientes com dist&#250;rbios hormonais de tireoide subcl&#237;nicos. Trata-se de tema extremamente relevante, com plausibilidade biol&#243;gica e que gera in&#250;meras incertezas frente ao paciente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>O estudo apresentou uma casu&#237;stica relevante com 13.341 pacientes no total, sendo a m&#233;dia de 51 anos de idade. Em todos os pacientes a coleta de dados, especifica&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas e exames laboratoriais foram protocoladas de acordo com especifica&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;-determinadas e uniformes. Al&#233;m disso, de forma abrangente, foram avaliadas desde arritmias supostamente mais frequentes em dist&#250;rbios tireoidianos como fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial, at&#233; mesmo frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca basal, presen&#231;a de extrass&#237;stoles e intervalos de condu&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Por outro lado, observou-se uma despropor&#231;&#227;o relevante entre pacientes com altera&#231;&#245;es de n&#237;veis hormonais em compara&#231;&#227;o a aqueles sem altera&#231;&#245;es (6,68% <italic>vs.</italic> 93,32%), o que de certa forma prejudica a an&#225;lise dos dados. Al&#233;m disso, a m&#233;dia de idade dos pacientes envolvidos foi a menor de todos os estudos j&#225; realizados com caracter&#237;sticas semelhantes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Apesar de incluir pacientes idosos, a porcentagem foi pequena, o que pode talvez explicar a pequena taxa de arritmias card&#237;acas na amostra estudada. Por &#250;ltimo, os n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de T4 livre foram semelhantes entre os grupos. Dessa forma, com as taxas de horm&#244;nios circulantes muito similares, &#233; de se especular que os &#237;ndices de eventos arritmog&#234;nicos n&#227;o fossem diferentes entre si.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Conforme citado no artigo, o maior estudo j&#225; publicado com caracter&#237;sticas semelhantes possu&#237;a 23.838 pacientes e observou maior incid&#234;ncia de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial em pacientes com hipertiroidismo subcl&#237;nico. No entanto, foi um estudo transversal e que incluiu pacientes internados por outras comorbidades, fator este que interfere na ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos e que n&#227;o pode ser diretamente comparado a estudos com acompanhamento ambulatorial.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Nos outros estudos, os &#250;nicos trabalhos prospectivos apresentaram resultados semelhantes ao estudo ELSA-Brasil, sendo realizados em ambiente ambulatorial, com total de mais de 8.500 pacientes inclu&#237;dos e n&#227;o mostraram diferen&#231;as na incid&#234;ncia de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial entre os grupos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Cabe ressaltar que a an&#225;lise completa de dados eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos foi &#250;nica no estudo ELSA-Brasil, o que torna o mesmo relevante na &#225;rea e com informa&#231;&#245;es originais ao assunto.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Revis&#227;o recente publicada por Razvi et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> ressaltou o fato de que existe pouca evid&#234;ncia da correla&#231;&#227;o entre fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial e hipertireoidismo subcl&#237;nico e que em pacientes com menos de 65 anos e TSH entre 0,39 e 0,10 mUI/L n&#227;o existe indica&#231;&#227;o de tratamento voltada &#224; preocupa&#231;&#227;o quanto &#224;s arritmias card&#237;acas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Em uma linha semelhante, em s&#237;ndromes coronarianas agudas, estudo recente estudou uma amostra de 505 pacientes no Brasil e constatou que valores mais elevados de TSH (&gt; 4 mUI/L) no momento da apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica apresentaram correla&#231;&#227;o significativa com a ocorr&#234;ncia de sangramentos e choque cardiog&#234;nico. No entanto, seguindo a mesma tend&#234;ncia de outros estudos, n&#227;o houve correla&#231;&#227;o com a incid&#234;ncia de arritmias card&#237;acas durante a interna&#231;&#227;o e os valores de TSH.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Dessa forma, devido &#224;s intensas discord&#226;ncias entre diferentes estudos e popula&#231;&#245;es quanto &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia de arritmias card&#237;acas em forma subcl&#237;nicas de dist&#250;rbios de tireoide, esse estudo isoladamente n&#227;o &#233; capaz de sugerir mudan&#231;as na conduta cl&#237;nica, mas contribui de forma significativa para o crescimento das evid&#234;ncias, refor&#231;ando o lado negativo das intera&#231;&#245;es.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Disfun&#231;&#227;o Tireoidiana Subcl&#237;nica n&#227;o foi Associada com Arritmias Card&#237;acas em An&#225;lise Transversal do Estudo ELSA-Brasil</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
