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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">mnMvNKPW9cCpTpFkqMV7ZCs</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000600737</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190103</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Childhood Claim for Public Health Policies</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Martinez</surname>
            <given-names>Tania L. R.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira</surname>
            <given-names>Abel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1763-2157</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Saldanha</surname>
            <given-names>Anita L. R.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">BP - A Benefic&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
            <state>SP</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">BP - A Benefic&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Tania L. R. Martinez,</bold> Rua Comandante Ismael Guilherme, 358. Postal Code 04031-120, Jardim Lusit&#226;nia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>tamar@uol.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>15</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>112</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>737</fpage>
      <lpage>738</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Child</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesity</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Diabetes Mellitus</kwd>
        <kwd>Hyperlipidemias</kwd>
        <kwd>Insulin Resistance</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Obesity is presently a pandemic public health problem not only in developed countries but also in developing ones. As its incidence is increasing in childhood and adolescence as well this issue becomes alarming considering its evolution and associations. The multiple comorbidities such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance that accompany obesity increase the risk of cardiovascular mortality whilst worsening quality of life in adults.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> It is always appropriate to reinforce the fact that the atherosclerotic process starts at an early stage in life<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> as demonstrated in autopsies of children with strong association between LDL cholesterol levels prior to death and the presence of fatty streaks in the aorta.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> This observation has been documented in various reports in Brazil demonstrating that public health policies must be reinforced towards this problem.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
		</p>
    <p>In different approaches in schoolchildren of a city in Sao Paulo for over ten years we have been studying the impact of biochemical, anthropometric, nutritional status, clinical, socio-cultural and economic conditions.</p>
    <p>Interesting enough was the positive correlation between minimum wage salary and its multiples per family, indicating that probably expenses went up on unhealthy food in the richer groups.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Passive smoking at home correlated with lower ranges of HDL Cholesterol.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> The distance between the urban and rural areas was divided into eight categories for comparison with Total Cholesterol values. The closer to rural areas the lower the Cholesterol and our understanding is that their diets were more adequate in terms of vegetables intake and less processed food. For these conclusions, we needed a new statistical approach, a multilevel hierarchical model.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Continuous intervention is given by means of weekly talks on the local radio, press releases, TV programs, participation in parents and teachers&#8217; meetings and periodically having ludic and playful camping with the students. Comparison of Total Cholesterol levels in the students of the same grades as of ten years earlier showed a statistically significant difference for the better, lower levels.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Besides the already mentioned surveys in Brazil, programs with some slight differences are being carried out in other cities, such as Campinas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> and Sao Caetano do Sul.</p>
    <p>The Brazilian Society of Cardiology enrolled the major part of the above-mentioned investigators in a unique program-Brazilian Cardiology Society Goes to the Schools-, launched in 2017 together with the State of Sao Paulo Education Ministry. As from 2020, the plan is to have reached the five regions of Brazil.</p>
    <p>The paper presented in this issue - Relationship between Dyslipidemia, Cultural Factors, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Schoolchildren - broadens importantly the spectrum of elements as to cardiovascular risk, mainly in the overweight or obese students. The Brazilian Society of Cardiology Goes to the Schools will contemplate incorporating the PROESP-BR test in its program. The hyperlipidemia finding of 41.9% is really alarming and close to 100 % higher than the data that has been published. This really calls for immediate actions joining Ministeries of Health and of Education. Looking further into the article the attention is called to the investigators having a large range of spectrum to amplify their research as it is a relatively new observation among documentation of association with risk factors for atherosclerotic diseases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Articles on criterion-referenced cut points for cardiorespiratory fitness in children,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> sleep patterns, augmentation index, pulse wave velocity, insulin resistance, preschool children testing, cognition, arterial stiffness and so many others can be expected in the near future from the authors of this relevant and well-conducted paper.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Relationship between Dyslipidemia, Cultural Factors, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Schoolchildren</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
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          <year>2014</year>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O Clamor para Medidas de Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica nos Fatores de Risco Cardiovasculares em Crian&#231;as</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Martinez</surname>
            <given-names>Tania L. R.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira</surname>
            <given-names>Abel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid"> 0000-0002-1763-2157</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Saldanha</surname>
            <given-names>Anita L. R.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">BP - A Benefic&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Tania L. R. Martinez,</bold> Rua Comandante Ismael Guilherme, 358. CEP 04031-120, Jardim Lusit&#226;nia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>tamar@uol.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Crian&#231;a</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesidade Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Diabetes Mellitus</kwd>
        <kwd>Hiperlipidemias</kwd>
        <kwd>Resist&#234;ncia &#224; Insulina</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A obesidade &#233; um problema pand&#234;mico de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica n&#227;o somente em pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos como em pa&#237;ses em desenvolvimento. Uma vez que sua incid&#234;ncia cresce em crian&#231;as e em adolescentes, a obesidade representa uma quest&#227;o alarmante considerando sua evolu&#231;&#227;o e suas associa&#231;&#245;es. Muitas comorbidades associadas &#224; obesidade, tais como hipertens&#227;o, dislipidemia, e resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina aumentam o risco de mortalidade cardiovascular e pioram a qualidade de vida em adultos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Vale sempre a pena enfatizar que o processo ateroscler&#243;tico inicia-se nas primeiras fases da vida,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> como foi demonstrado em aut&#243;psias de crian&#231;as, com uma forte associa&#231;&#227;o entre os n&#237;veis de colesterol LDL antes do &#243;bito e a presen&#231;a de estrias de gordura na aorta.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Tal observa&#231;&#227;o foi documentada em muitos estudos no Brasil, demonstrando que pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas devem ser refor&#231;adas em dire&#231;&#227;o a esse problema.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Em diferentes abordagens com crian&#231;as escolares na cidade de S&#227;o Paulo, durante um per&#237;odo de dez anos, n&#243;s estudamos o impacto de caracter&#237;sticas bioqu&#237;micas, antropom&#233;tricas, cl&#237;nicas, e nutricionais, bem como de condi&#231;&#245;es socioculturais e econ&#244;micas sobre a obesidade.</p>
      <p>Um dado interessante foi a correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre obesidade e n&#250;mero de sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos (e seus m&#250;ltiplos) por fam&#237;lia, indicando um poss&#237;vel aumento nos gastos com alimentos pouco saud&#225;veis nos grupos mais ricos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Tabagismo passivo no domic&#237;lio associou-se com menores valores de HDL colesterol.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> A dist&#226;ncia entre a &#225;rea urbana e a &#225;rea rural foi dividida em oito categorias para compara&#231;&#227;o dos valores de colesterol total. Quanto maior a proximidade de &#225;reas rurais, menores os n&#237;veis de colesterol. Nossa interpreta&#231;&#227;o para esse fato foi a de que as dietas eram mais adequadas em termos de uma maior ingest&#227;o de vegetais e menor de alimentos industrializados. Para chegar a essa conclus&#227;o, utilizamos de uma nova abordagem estat&#237;stica, um modelo hier&#225;rquico multin&#237;vel.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Uma interven&#231;&#227;o cont&#237;nua &#233; realizada por meio de conversas semanais na r&#225;dio local, comunicados de imprensa, programas de televis&#227;o, participa&#231;&#227;o em reuni&#245;es de pais e professores, e acampamentos l&#250;dicos e divertidos com os estudantes. A compara&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de colesterol de estudantes do mesmo ano escolar com os valores de dez anos atr&#225;s mostrou uma melhora estatisticamente significativa.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Al&#233;m das pesquisas mencionadas no Brasil, outros programas semelhantes t&#234;m sido realizados em outras cidades, como em Campinas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> e S&#227;o Caetano do Sul.</p>
      <p>A Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC) reuniu a maioria dos pesquisadores dos estudos acima em um &#250;nico programa - SBC vai &#224; escola - lan&#231;ado em 2017 juntamente com o Minist&#233;rio da Educa&#231;&#227;o do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo. O plano &#233; alcan&#231;ar as cinco regi&#245;es brasileiras at&#233; o ano de 2020.</p>
      <p>O artigo apresentado nesta edi&#231;&#227;o - Rela&#231;&#227;o entre Dislipidemia, Fatores Culturais e Aptid&#227;o Cardiorrespirat&#243;ria em Escolares - amplia o espectro de elementos relacionados ao risco cardiovascular, principalmente em alunos com sobrepeso e obesidade. O projeto &#8220;SBC vai &#224; escola&#8221; incorporar&#225; o teste PROESP-BR. A preval&#234;ncia encontrada de 41,9% de dislipidemia &#233; realmente alarmante, e quase 100% maior que os dados da literatura. Tal fato clama por a&#231;&#245;es imediatas dos Minist&#233;rios da Sa&#250;de e da Educa&#231;&#227;o. O estudo abre ainda a possibilidade para novos e abrangentes estudos, por se tratar de uma investiga&#231;&#227;o relativamente nova mediante as publica&#231;&#245;es sobre os fatores de risco para doen&#231;as ateroscler&#243;ticas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Artigos sobre pontos de corte crit&#233;rio-referenciados para aptid&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria em crian&#231;as,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> padr&#245;es de sono, &#237;ndice de aumento (<italic>augmentation index</italic>), velocidade de onda de pulso, resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina, teste com crian&#231;as pr&#233;-escolares, cogni&#231;&#227;o, rigidez arterial, entre muitos outros, podem ser esperados no futuro pr&#243;ximo dos autores deste artigo relevante e muito bem conduzido.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Rela&#231;&#227;o entre Dislipidemia, Fatores Culturais e Aptid&#227;o Cardiorrespirat&#243;ria em Escolares</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
