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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">FTFkYNLHDjvpN3TS87XfThH</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000600729</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2019005008103</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190068</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Relationship between Dyslipidemia, Cultural Factors, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Schoolchildren</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4549-3959</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Reuter</surname>
            <given-names>C&#233;zane Priscila</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5624-3592</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Brand</surname>
            <given-names>Caroline</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1690-6769</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Priscila Tatiana da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0470-2910</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Reuter</surname>
            <given-names>&#201;boni Mar&#237;lia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0649-7081</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Renner</surname>
            <given-names>Jane Dagmar Pollo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1935-3231</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Franke</surname>
            <given-names>Silvia Isabel Rech</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8725-3363</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mello</surname>
            <given-names>Elza Daniel de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1770-228X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Burgos</surname>
            <given-names>Leandro Tibiri&#231;&#225;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4147-5910</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Schneiders</surname>
            <given-names>Let&#237;cia de Borba</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7120-1887</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Burgos</surname>
            <given-names>Miria Suzana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Santa Cruz do Sul</city>
          <state>RS</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Porto Alegre</city>
          <state>RS</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Porto Alegre</city>
          <state>RS</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: C&#233;zane Priscila Reuter &#8226;</bold> Avenida Independ&#234;ncia, 2293 - Bloco 42, sala 4206. Postal Code 96815-900, Universit&#225;rio, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS - Brazil E-mail: <email>cpreuter@hotmail.com</email>, <email>cezanereuter@unisc.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Reuter CP, Brand C, Renner JDP, Franke SIR, Burgos MS; Acquisition of data: Reuter CP, Silva PT, Reuter EM, Renner JDP, Franke SIR, Burgos LT, Schneiders LB, Burgos MS; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Reuter CP, Brand C, Silva PT, Reuter EM, Renner JDP, Franke SIR, Mello ED, Burgos LT, Schneiders LB, Burgos MS; Statistical analysis: Reuter CP, Silva PT; Writing of the manuscript and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Reuter CP, Brand C, Silva PT, Reuter EM, Renner JDP, Franke SIR, Mello ED, Schneiders LB, Burgos MS.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>08</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>112</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>729</fpage>
      <lpage>736</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>The presence of dyslipidemia and behavioral aspects are determinants of cardiovascular risk, especially in childhood and adolescence.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To verify possible relationships between dyslipidemia, cultural factors, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in schoolchildren.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>This cross-sectional study evaluated a sample of 1,254 children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 17 from the South of Brazil, 686 of whom were female. Dyslipidemia was defined as increased levels of at least one of the following lipid profile parameters: triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and fractions of high (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c). Cultural aspects were evaluated by a self-reported questionnaire. Data were analyzed by logistic regression, considering the odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) at 95%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>The results revealed a high prevalence of dyslipidemia (41.9%), which was associated with female sex (OR: 1.56; IC: 1.24-1.96) and overweight/obese status (OR: 1.55; IC: 1.20-2.00). When lipid profile parameters were evaluated separately, high levels of LDL-c were observed to be associated with sedentary school transport (OR: 1.59; IC: 1.20-2.09). Schoolchildren who were overweight/obese had higher chances of elevated levels of TC (OR: 1.40; IC: 1.07-1.84) and TG (OR: 3.21; IC: 1.96-5.26). HDL-c was shown to be related to high television time (OR: 1.59; IC: 1.00-2.54).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>Alterations in lipid parameters are associated with cultural factors, especially those related to sedentary lifestyle and low levels of CRF.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Dyslipidemias/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Child</kwd>
        <kwd>Adolescent</kwd>
        <kwd>Life Style</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Atherosclerosis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Dyslipidemia in childhood and adolescence has been the object of diverse studies, owing to its high prevalence in these age groups and to the fact that it is a predictor of atherosclerosis in adulthood.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Data from a study conducted in the United States during the period 2011-2012 indicate that approximately 1 in every 5 children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 7 had adverse blood lipid concentrations.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Subsequent studies have indicated that the occurrence of dyslipidemia during childhood and adolescence is associated with cardiovascular events <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Similarly, behavioral aspects involving eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle, with reduced caloric expenditure and physical activity, as well as more time spent using television (TV), computers, and cellular phones, have been introduced as important determining factors for cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>From this point of view, analyzing changes related to these conditions during childhood and adolescence is a strategy capable of reducing the incidence of injuries and preventing the occurrence of chronic diseases in subsequent years of life,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> thus proposing subsidies for the development of programs that aim to maintain and promote health. With the aim of contributing to efforts to overcome these deficiencies, the objective of this study was to verify possible relations between dyslipidemia, cultural factors (eating habits, TV, school transport) and CRF in schoolchildren.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <p>This cross-sectional study involved the participation of 1,254 children and adolescents (ages 7 to 17), 686 of whom were female, from 19 public and private school in the municipality of Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, selected by conglomerate sampling from a population of 20,540 schoolchildren from rural and urban areas. Participating schools were randomly selected in the year 2004, in the beginning of the &#8220;Schoolchildren&#8217;s Health&#8221; longitudinal study, in line with the population density of schoolchildren in the municipality. During the following cross-sectional analyses, all of the schoolchildren from the previously selected schools were invited to participate in the study. The initial sample was made up of 1,949 schoolchildren. However, 695 schoolchildren were excluded for the following reasons: refusal/impossibility of blood collection, non-completion of fasting period before blood collection, failure to perform the CRF test, or incomplete filling out of questionnaire form. This study is part of the &#8220;Schoolchildren&#8217;s Health&#8221; study, which was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee under certificate number 2525/10. This study follows the principles set forth by the Declaration of Helsinki. The schoolchildren&#8217;s parents or legal guardians signed free and informed consent forms.</p>
      <p>The sample size was calculated using the program G*Power 3.1 (Heinrich-Heine-Universit&#228;t, D&#252;sseldorf, Germany), using logistic regression as a statistical test (presence versus absence of dyslipidemia as dependent variable). Considering a statistical power of (1 &#8722; &#946;) = 0.95, a significance level of &#945; = 0.05 and an odds ratio of 1.30, the minimum sample size estimated was 988 schoolchildren.</p>
      <p>Blood samples were collected after a 12-hour fasting period. Serum samples were used to determine triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). The tests were carried out using Miura One automated equipment (I.S.E., Rome, Italy). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels were calculated using the Friedewald, Fredrickson, and Levy formula. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> International cutoff points were used to classify the lipid profile.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> Dyslipidemia was considered as the presence of alterations in at least one component of the lipid profile (increased TG, TC, or LDL-c or decreased HDL-c, without considering borderline cases).</p>
      <p>Levels of CRF were evaluated by the 12-minute run/walk test, recommended by the Projeto Esporte Brasil (Brazil Sport Project; PROESP-BR),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> which consists of covering the longest distance possible in 12 minutes on a previously marked track. Researchers with degrees in Physical Education who are a part of this study applied the test, with assistance from previously trained students of Physical Education receiving scholarships. Schoolchildren were instructed to wear light clothing and tennis shoes on evaluation day. Data were classified using cutoff points defined by PROESP-BR.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Cultural habits were evaluated using the adapted Barros and Nahas questionnaire, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> which was self-reported by the schoolchildren. Amount of time spent watching TV was categorized into two categories: 1) less than two hours per day and 2) two hours per day or more. School transport was considered either active (by foot or by bike) or sedentary (car, motorcycle, or collective transport). Eating habits were evaluated by the weekly frequency with which schoolchildren consumed the following foods: 1) sweets, 2) soft drinks, 3) fried salty snacks, and 4) pizza/lasagna. Consumption was classified as &#8220;never/sometimes&#8221; (not at all/once a week) and &#8220;almost always/always&#8221; (twice or more than twice weekly).</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical Analysis</title>
        <p>Data analysis was carried out using the statistical program SPSS v. 23.0 (IBM, Armonk, USA). Descriptive data were expressed in absolute and relative frequency. The association between dependent variables (dyslipidemia and increased levels of any lipid profile parameter) and cultural habits was tested via logistic regression. Values were described in odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) at 95%. Initially, univariate analysis of data was conducted. Subsequently, adjusted analysis of variables that showed significance was applied. Data with p &lt; 0.05 were considered significant.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>Descriptive data are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>. Dyslipidemia was observed in 41.9% of schoolchildren. The condition was more prevalent in females, adolescents, and schoolchildren with low CRF levels (p &lt; 0.05).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Description of results regarding variables studied in schoolchildren in Santa Cruz do Sul, RS</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" rowspan="2">Variables</th>
              <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Total (n = 1,254)</th>
              <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Presence of dyslipidemia (n = 526)</th>
              <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Absence of dyslipidemia (n = 728)</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2">p</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center">n (%)</th>
              <th align="center">n (%)</th>
              <th align="center">n (%)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Sex</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male</td>
              <td align="center">568 (45.3)</td>
              <td align="center">208 (39.5)</td>
              <td align="center">360 (49.5)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Female</td>
              <td align="center">686 (54.7)</td>
              <td align="center">318 (60.5)</td>
              <td align="center">368 (50.5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Age range</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">7 to 9 years old (children)</td>
              <td align="center">344 (27.4)</td>
              <td align="center">166 (31.6)</td>
              <td align="center">178 (24.5)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.005</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">10 to 17 years old (adolescents)</td>
              <td align="center">910 (72.6)</td>
              <td align="center">360 (68.4)</td>
              <td align="center">550 (75.5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>TV</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Less than 2 hours</td>
              <td align="center">697 (55.6)</td>
              <td align="center">303 (57.6)</td>
              <td align="center">394 (54.1)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.221</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">2 hours or more</td>
              <td align="center">557 (44.4)</td>
              <td align="center">223 (42.4)</td>
              <td align="center">334 (45.9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>School transport type</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Active</td>
              <td align="center">558 (44.5)</td>
              <td align="center">234 (44.5)</td>
              <td align="center">324 (44.5)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.995</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Sedentary</td>
              <td align="center">696 (55.5)</td>
              <td align="center">292 (55.5)</td>
              <td align="center">404 (55.5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Avoids eating fatty or sweet foods</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">917 (73.1)</td>
              <td align="center">377 (71.7)</td>
              <td align="center">540 (74.2)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.324</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">337 (26.9)</td>
              <td align="center">149 (28.3)</td>
              <td align="center">188 (25.8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>4 to 5 varied meals per day</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">583 (46.5)</td>
              <td align="center">249 (47.3)</td>
              <td align="center">334 (45.9)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.609</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">671 (53.5)</td>
              <td align="center">277 (52.7)</td>
              <td align="center">394 (54.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Consumption of soft drinks</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">492 (39.2)</td>
              <td align="center">220 (41.8)</td>
              <td align="center">272 (37.4)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.110</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">762 (60.8)</td>
              <td align="center">306 (58.2)</td>
              <td align="center">456 (62.6)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Consumption of fried salty snacks</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">639 (51.0)</td>
              <td align="center">273 (51.9)</td>
              <td align="center">366 (50.3)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.570</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">615 (49.0)</td>
              <td align="center">253 (48.1)</td>
              <td align="center">362 (49.7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Consumption of pizza and lasagna</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">897 (71.5)</td>
              <td align="center">391 (74.3)</td>
              <td align="center">506 (69.5)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.061</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">357 (28.5)</td>
              <td align="center">135 (25.7)</td>
              <td align="center">222 (30.5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Consumption of sweets</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">500 (39.9)</td>
              <td align="center">211 (40.1)</td>
              <td align="center">289 (39.7)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.882</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">754 (60.1)</td>
              <td align="center">315 (59.9)</td>
              <td align="center">439 (60.3)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Cardiorespiratory fitness</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">At risk</td>
              <td align="center">637 (50.8)</td>
              <td align="center">285 (54.2)</td>
              <td align="center">352 (48.4)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.042</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Normal</td>
              <td align="center">617 (49.2)</td>
              <td align="center">241 (45.8)</td>
              <td align="center">376 (51.6)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>TV: television.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>The data described in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref> indicate that dyslipidemia was significantly associated with female sex and overweight/obese status. Adolescents had lower chances of developing dyslipidemia, in comparison with children. In the univariate analysis, low levels of CRF were associated with dyslipidemia. This association, however, was not maintained in the multivariate analysis. Furthermore, cultural aspects were not associated with dyslipidemia.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Association between dyslipidemia and demographic data, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cultural habits in Santa Cruz do Sul, RS</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="33%"/>
            <col width="33%"/>
            <col width="33%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Variables</th>
              <th align="center">Dyslipidemia Crude OR<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">1</xref></sup> (95% CI)</th>
              <th align="center">Dyslipidemia Adjusted OR<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">2</xref></sup> (95% CI)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Sex</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Female</td>
              <td align="center">1.50 (1.19-1.88)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">1.56 (1.24-1.96)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Age range</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">7 to 9 years</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">10 to 17 years</td>
              <td align="center">0.70 (0.55-0.90)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.72 (0.56-0.93)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>TV</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Less than 2 hours</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">2 hours or more</td>
              <td align="center">0.87 (0.69-1.08)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>School transport type</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Active</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Sedentary</td>
              <td align="center">1.00 (0.80-1.25)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Cardiorespiratory fitness</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Normal</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">At risk</td>
              <td align="center">1.26 (1.01-1.58)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">1.18 (0.93-1.48)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>BMI classification</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Underweight/normal</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Overweight/obese</td>
              <td align="center">1.60 (1.25-2.05)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">1.55 (1.20-2.00)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Avoids eating fatty or sweet foods</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">0.88 (0.68-1.13)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Varied meals</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">1.06 (0.85-1.33)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Soft drinks</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">0.83 (0.66-1.04)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Pizza or lasagna</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">0.79 (0.61-1.01)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Sweets</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">0.98 (0.78-1.24)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Fried salty snacks</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">0.94 (0.75-1.17)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <p>Logistic regression. OR: odds ratio; CI: 95% confidence interval; TV: television; BMI: body mass index.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN3">
            <label>1</label>
            <p>Univariate analysis;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN4">
            <label>2</label>
            <p>analysis adjusted for variables that showed significance (p &lt; 0.05).</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN5">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Significant data (p &lt; 0.05).</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>When comparing data for lipid profile components, in as isolated manner, high levels of TC were observed to be associated with female sex. Adolescents had higher chances of increased TC and TG levels than children. Overweight/obese status is associated with increased TC and TG (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Association between altered triglycerides and total cholesterol and demographic data, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cultural habits in Santa Cruz do Sul, RS</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Variables</th>
              <th align="center">CT Crude OR<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">1</xref></sup> (95% CI)</th>
              <th align="center">CT Adjusted OR<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">2</xref></sup> (95% CI)</th>
              <th align="center">TG Crude OR<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">1</xref></sup> (95% CI)</th>
              <th align="center">TG Adjusted OR<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">2</xref></sup> (95% CI)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Sex</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Female</td>
              <td align="center">1.29 (1.01-1.66)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">1.36 (1.05-1.75)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">1.53 (0.94-2.51)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Age range</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">7 to 9 years</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">10 to 17 years</td>
              <td align="center">0.63 (0.48-0.83)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.66 (0.50-0.86)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.39 (0.34-0.62)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.47 (0.28-0.76)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>TV</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Less than 2 hours</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">2 hours or more</td>
              <td align="center">0.81 (0.63-1.04)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">1.31 (0.81-2.10)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>School transport type</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Active</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Sedentary</td>
              <td align="center">0.83 (0.64-1.06)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">0.98 (0.61-1.58)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Cardiorespiratory fitness</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Normal</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">At risk</td>
              <td align="center">1.24 (0.97-1.59)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">1.50 (0.93-2.44)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>BMI classification</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Underweight/normal</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Overweight/obese</td>
              <td align="center">1.45 (1.11-1.90)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">1.40 (1.07-1.84)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">3.82 (2.36-6.20)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">3.21 (1.96-5.26)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Avoids eating fatty or sweet foods</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">0.91 (0.69-1.20)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">1.10 (0.66-1.87)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Varied meals</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">0.92 (0.72-1.18)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">0.70 (0.44-1.13)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Soft drinks</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">0.86 (0.67-1.11)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">0.48 (0.30-0.78)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.63 (0.38-1.04)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Fried salty snacks</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">0.96 (0.75-1.23)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">0.49 (0.30-0.81)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.58 (0.34-0.98)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Pizza or lasagna</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">0.93 (0.70-1.23)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">0.58 (0.32-1.05)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Sweets</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">0.89 (0.69-1.15)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">0.95 (0.59-1.53)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN6">
            <p>Logistic regression. TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; TV: television; BMI: body mass index; OR: odds ratio; CI: 95% confidence interval.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN7">
            <label>1</label>
            <p>Univariate analysis;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN8">
            <label>2</label>
            <p>analysis adjusted for variables that showed significance (p &lt; 0.05).</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN9">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Significant data (p &lt; 0.05).</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Low levels of HDL-c are associated with the habit of watching TV for 2 or more hours per day. Female sex, adolescent age range, and sedentary school transport were associated with increased LDL-c (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 4</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t4">
        <label>Table 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Association between altered high and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and demographic data, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cultural habits in Santa Cruz do Sul, RS</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Variables</th>
              <th align="center">HDL-c Crude OR<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">1</xref></sup> (95% CI)</th>
              <th align="center">LDL-c Crude OR<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">1</xref></sup> (95% CI)</th>
              <th align="center">LDL-c Adjusted OR<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">2</xref></sup> (95% CI)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Sex</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Female</td>
              <td align="center">0.87 (0.54-1.38)</td>
              <td align="center">1.68 (1.28-2.20)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">1.65 (1.25-2.18)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Age range</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">7 to 9 years</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">10 to 17 years</td>
              <td align="center">1.14 (0.67-1.95)</td>
              <td align="center">1.52 (1.11-2.09)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">1.50 (1.08-2.07)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>TV</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Less than 2 hours</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">2 hours or more</td>
              <td align="center">1.59 (1.00-2.54)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.88 (0.67-1.15)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>School transport type</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Active</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Sedentary</td>
              <td align="center">0.92 (0.58-1.48)</td>
              <td align="center">1.63 (1.24-2.15)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">1.59 (1.20-2.09)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN13">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Cardiorespiratory fitness</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Normal</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">At risk</td>
              <td align="center">1.28 (0.80-2.05)</td>
              <td align="center">1.08 (0.83-1.40)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>BMI classification</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Underweight/normal</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Overweight/obese</td>
              <td align="center">1.55 (0.96-2.50)</td>
              <td align="center">1.13 (0.85-1.51)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Avoids eating fatty or sweet foods</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">0.90 (0.53-1.54)</td>
              <td align="center">0.89 (0.66-1.21)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Varied meals</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">0.81 (0.51-1.30)</td>
              <td align="center">1.07 (0.82-1.40)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Soft drinks</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">0.88 (0.55-1.41)</td>
              <td align="center">0.78 (0.60-1.03)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Fried salty snacks</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">0.98 (0.62-1.57)</td>
              <td align="center">0.88 (0.67-1.14)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Pizza or lasagna</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">0.55 (0.30-0.99)</td>
              <td align="center">0.97 (0.73-1.31)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Sweets</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never/sometimes</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Almost always/always</td>
              <td align="center">0.96 (0.60-1.54)</td>
              <td align="center">1.10 (0.84-1.44)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN10">
            <p>Logistic regression. HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; TV: television; BMI: body mass index; OR: odds ratio; CI: 95% confidence interval.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN11">
            <label>1</label>
            <p>Univariate analysis;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN12">
            <label>2</label>
            <p>analysis adjusted for variables that showed significance (p &lt; 0.05).</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN13">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Significant data (p &lt; 0.05).</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>A high prevalence of dyslipidemia in schoolchildren has constituted increasingly frequent alterations in Brazilian children and adolescents. Studies conducted in Recife, Pernambuco (29.7%),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Florian&#243;polis, Santa Catarina (22.0%),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> and Londrina, Paran&#225; (20.8%)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> indicate a growing prevalence of dyslipidemia in schoolchildren in different regions of the country. In Birjand, Iran, similar estimates indicated that the prevalence of dyslipidemia has affected 31% of children between 6 and 11 years of age, with girls presenting a higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and boys a higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> It is worth highlighting, however, that the high prevalence found in this study (41.9%) exceeds these already high estimates. Furthermore, data from a 10-year trend study (2004-2014) of serum lipid levels and dyslipidemia, conducted with 3,249 schoolchildren between the ages of 6 and 18 from several schools in Beijing, demonstrated that the prevalence of dyslipidemia, based on elevated levels of TG and TC and reduced HDL-c, significantly increased during the period. This suggests an upward trend in this prevalence and constitutes a warning that continuous measures are necessary to curb this condition.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Regarding factors that contribute to high rates of dyslipidemia, our findings showed an association with the presence of overweight/obese status and sedentary behavior. On the other hand, various factors have been indicated as contributing to the occurrence of altered blood lipid concentrations. Alc&#226;ntara Neto et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> indicate that there is a positive association between inadequate food intake and dyslipidemia. Body mass index (BMI) is also an important variable, given that obesity has been evidenced as an important risk factor for dyslipidemia and cardiometabolic risk. This suggests that obese adolescents have elevated levels of TG, TC, LDL-c, increased insulin resistance, and reduced levels of HDL-c.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> Moreover, a cross-sectional study of 173 schoolchildren ages 10-18, demonstrated that greater adherence to a diet high in fat and sugar was associated with the presence of hypercholesterolemia (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.3) and increased LDL-c (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.0-2.9). Furthermore, children who exercised less than 3 times/week were less likely to have low levels of HDL-c than children who exercised 7 times/week or more (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-0.7).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
			</p>
      <p>A study of 1,805 Chinese children and adolescents evaluated the different between metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy schoolchildren. The findings revealed that BMI and sedentary behavior were the factors with the greatest impact on metabolic health. In addition, excessive consumption of junk food was strongly associated with unfavorable metabolic profiles in schoolchildren.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> Similarly, a study of 227 preschool children conducted in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil demonstrated that preschoolers who reported less balanced diets, with more frequent consumption of foods rich in lipids and carbohydrates, as well as higher BMI and lower levels of maternal education, had a higher association with the occurrence of lipid profile alterations, especially higher levels of LDL-c, with these variables being identified as determinants of dyslipidemia in the preschoolers evaluated.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> It is thus understood that this condition, largely due to dietary habits, is affecting schoolchildren at increasingly early ages.</p>
      <p>In detail, this study indicated an associated between dyslipidemia and low levels of CRF, increased LDL-c, and sedentary school transport, as well as low levels of HDL-c and more time in front of the TV. It is thus proposed that sedentarism and low CRF are associated with metabolic alterations. In the same manner, results from the <italic>National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey</italic> (NHANES) demonstrated that screen time appears to be a potential moderator of the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular fitness in male adolescents with dyslipidemia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> Furthermore, previous data, involving a sample of 1,243 children and adolescents from our municipality, demonstrated that lipid profile alterations are more prevalent among obese/unfit children and adolescents in comparison with schoolchildren with normal or low weight, in both sexes. These results reinforce the findings of the present study and indicate a direct relation between the prevalence of dyslipidemia, obesity, and low levels of CRF.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Thus faced with this increasing impact of dyslipidemia on health conditions in the pediatric population, recommendations suggest that children be screened for risk factors in order to promote early identification of high levels of LDL-c and reduce cardiovascular events in young adults.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> This notwithstanding, it is assumed that only 18% of this population receives this form of primary care.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> The National Academy of Medicine of the United States recommends that children have access to healthy food and that parents and guardians offer nutritious foods that promote fullness. It is also necessary to increase time dedicated to practicing physical activities and reduce activities that stimulate sedentary behavior in the pediatric population.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> With respect to treating dyslipidemia, it is estimated that changes involving lifestyle intervention are alternatives with excellent results and that they provoke positive response and adaptation, with treatment involving medication being used only in rare cases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> In the same manner, the results of our study suggest that these recommendations should continue during subsequent years to include the periods of adolescence and adulthood.</p>
      <p>We recognize the fact that the questionnaire was self-reported by the schoolchildren as a limitation to this study, given that these reports may not be compatible with reality. Additionally, due to the cross-sectional design, it was not possible to show causality. The study includes the evaluations of schoolchildren in a municipality in the South of Brazil, which may not be representative of the reality of children and adolescents in other contexts. At the same time, this may be considered a strong point of our study, to the extent that it indicates that the high prevalence of dyslipidemia found corresponds to and even exceeds those which were indicated in studies in other territories of Brazil, providing a current estimate that the occurrence of this condition tends toward a growing increase. Furthermore, the study structurally explores variables that are relevant to schoolchildren&#8217;s cultural context, proposing estimates and describing factors that are apparently associated with the high prevalence of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents. The data thus permit health management organizations dedicated to children and adolescents to establish more precise guidelines for this population.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>The results of this study show that there is a high prevalence of dyslipidemia in schoolchildren and that this is related to low cardiorespiratory fitness and cultural factors, especially those related to sedentary behavior. These findings highlight the need for interventions that promote healthy habits and lifestyles, beginning with the first years of childhood.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>The article is part of a research Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Promo&#231;&#227;o da Sa&#250;de of the Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC).</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade Santa Cruz do Sul under the protocol number 2525/10. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Rela&#231;&#227;o entre Dislipidemia, Fatores Culturais e Aptid&#227;o Cardiorrespirat&#243;ria em Escolares</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4549-3959</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Reuter</surname>
            <given-names>C&#233;zane Priscila</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5624-3592</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Brand</surname>
            <given-names>Caroline</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1690-6769</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Priscila Tatiana da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0470-2910</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Reuter</surname>
            <given-names>&#201;boni Mar&#237;lia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0649-7081</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Renner</surname>
            <given-names>Jane Dagmar Pollo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1935-3231</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Franke</surname>
            <given-names>Silvia Isabel Rech</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8725-3363</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mello</surname>
            <given-names>Elza Daniel de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1770-228X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Burgos</surname>
            <given-names>Leandro Tibiri&#231;&#225;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4147-5910</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Schneiders</surname>
            <given-names>Let&#237;cia de Borba</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7120-1887</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Burgos</surname>
            <given-names>Miria Suzana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: C&#233;zane Priscila Reuter &#8226;</bold> Avenida Independ&#234;ncia, 2293 - Bloco 42, sala 4206. CEP 96815-900, Universit&#225;rio, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS - Brasil E-mail: <email>cpreuter@hotmail.com</email>, <email>cezanereuter@unisc.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Reuter CP, Brand C, Renner JDP, Franke SIR, Burgos MS; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Reuter CP, Silva PT, Reuter EM, Renner JDP, Franke SIR, Burgos LT, Schneiders LB, Burgos MS; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Reuter CP, Brand C, Silva PT, Reuter EM, Renner JDP, Franke SIR, Mello ED, Burgos LT, Schneiders LB, Burgos MS; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Reuter CP; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Reuter CP, Brand C, Silva PT, Reuter EM, Renner JDP, Franke SIR, Mello ED, Schneiders LB, Burgos MS.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>A presen&#231;a de dislipidemia e os aspectos comportamentais s&#227;o fatores determinantes do risco cardiovascular, sobretudo na inf&#226;ncia e adolesc&#234;ncia.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p>Verificar poss&#237;veis rela&#231;&#245;es entre dislipidemia, fatores culturais e aptid&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria (APCR) em escolares.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>S&#227;o sujeitos deste estudo transversal 1.254 crian&#231;as e adolescentes do Sul do Brasil, sendo 686 do sexo feminino, com idade entre 7 e 17 anos. Foi considerada dislipidemia a presen&#231;a de n&#237;veis aumentados em pelo menos um dos par&#226;metros do perfil lip&#237;dico: triglicer&#237;deos (TG), colesterol total (CT) e fra&#231;&#245;es de alta (HDL-c) e baixa densidade (LDL-c). Os aspectos culturais foram avaliados por meio de question&#225;rio autorreferido pelo escolar. Os dados foram analisados pela regress&#227;o log&#237;stica, considerando os valores de raz&#227;o de chances (<italic>odds ratio</italic>; OR) e intervalos de confian&#231;a (IC) para 95%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Foi encontrada elevada preval&#234;ncia de dislipidemia (41,9%), a qual esteve associada com o sexo feminino (OR: 1,56; IC: 1,24-1,96) e com a presen&#231;a de sobrepeso/obesidade (OR: 1,55; IC: 1,20-2,00). Quando os componentes do perfil lip&#237;dico foram avaliados de forma separada, observou-se que altos n&#237;veis de LDL-c se associaram ao deslocamento sedent&#225;rio para a escola (OR: 1,59; IC: 1,20-2,09). Escolares com sobrepeso/obesidade apresentam maiores chances de eleva&#231;&#227;o nos n&#237;veis de CT (OR: 1,40; IC: 1,07-1,84) e TG (OR: 3,21; IC: 1,96-5,26). O HDL-c apresentou associa&#231;&#227;o com o elevado tempo em frente &#224; televis&#227;o (OR: 1,59; IC: 1,00-2,54).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>A presen&#231;a de altera&#231;&#227;o nos par&#226;metros lip&#237;dicos associa-se com fatores culturais, especialmente voltados ao sedentarismo e baixos n&#237;veis de APCR.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Dislipidemias/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Crian&#231;a</kwd>
        <kwd>Adolescente</kwd>
        <kwd>Estilo de Vida</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Aterosclerose</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A dislipidemia, na inf&#226;ncia e adolesc&#234;ncia, vem sendo objeto de diversos estudos, em virtude da sua alta preval&#234;ncia em crian&#231;as e adolescentes e de se constituir como um fator preditor da aterosclerose na idade adulta.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Dados de estudo estadunidense apontam que no per&#237;odo de 2011-2012 aproximadamente 1 em cada 5 crian&#231;as e adolescentes entre 6 e 12 anos apresentava concentra&#231;&#245;es alteradas de lip&#237;dios no sangue.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Sequencialmente, estudos indicam que a ocorr&#234;ncia de dislipidemia no per&#237;odo da inf&#226;ncia e adolesc&#234;ncia est&#225; associada com eventos cardiovasculares <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> e com aptid&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria (APCR). <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Da mesma forma, os aspectos comportamentais, envolvendo h&#225;bitos alimentares e comportamento sedent&#225;rio, com redu&#231;&#227;o do gasto cal&#243;rico e da pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica, bem como maior tempo de uso de televis&#227;o (TV), computadores e celulares t&#234;m sido introduzidos como importantes fatores determinantes do risco cardiovascular em crian&#231;as e adolescentes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Nestas perspectivas, analisar as mudan&#231;as relacionadas a estas condi&#231;&#245;es, durante a inf&#226;ncia e adolesc&#234;ncia, se constitui como uma estrat&#233;gia capaz de reduzir a incid&#234;ncia de agravos e prevenir a ocorr&#234;ncia de doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas nos anos sequenciais da vida,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> propondo assim subs&#237;dios para o desenvolvimento de programas que visem a manuten&#231;&#227;o e promo&#231;&#227;o da sa&#250;de. Visando contribuir para supera&#231;&#227;o dessas lacunas, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar poss&#237;veis rela&#231;&#245;es entre dislipidemia, fatores culturais (h&#225;bitos alimentares, TV, deslocamento para escola) e APCR em escolares.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <p>O estudo, de car&#225;ter transversal, envolveu a participa&#231;&#227;o de 1.254 crian&#231;as e adolescentes (7-17 anos), sendo 686 do sexo feminino, de 19 escolas (p&#250;blicas e privadas) do munic&#237;pio de Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. A amostra foi selecionada por conglomerados, de uma popula&#231;&#227;o de 20.540 escolares, da zona urbana e rural. As escolas participantes do estudo foram sorteadas no ano de 2004, in&#237;cio da pesquisa longitudinal &#8220;Sa&#250;de dos Escolares&#8221;, respeitando a densidade populacional de escolares do munic&#237;pio. Nas avalia&#231;&#245;es transversais seguintes, todos os escolares, das escolas previamente sorteadas, foram convidados a participar do estudo. A amostra inicial contou com a participa&#231;&#227;o de 1.949 escolares. No entanto, devido &#224; recusa/impossibilidade de coleta sangu&#237;nea; escolar estar sem jejum pr&#233;vio; n&#227;o realiza&#231;&#227;o do teste de APCR; ou dados do question&#225;rio preenchidos de forma incompleta, foram exclu&#237;dos 695 escolares. A pesquisa &#8220;Sa&#250;de dos Escolares&#8221;, da qual este estudo faz parte, foi aprovada pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos, sob parecer n&#250;mero 2525/10. O estudo segue os preceitos da Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki. Os pais ou respons&#225;veis pelos escolares assinaram termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido.</p>
        <p>O c&#225;lculo do tamanho amostral foi realizado no programa G*Power 3.1 (Heinrich-Heine-Universit&#228;t - D&#252;sseldorf, Alemanha), tendo por refer&#234;ncia a regress&#227;o log&#237;stica como teste estat&#237;stico (presen&#231;a versus aus&#234;ncia de dislipidemia como vari&#225;vel dependente). Considerando um poder de teste (1 &#8722; &#946;) = 0,95, um n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de &#945; = 0,05 e um tamanho de efeito (<italic>odds ratio</italic>) de 1,30, estimou-se uma amostra m&#237;nima de 988 escolares.</p>
        <p>A coleta de sangue foi realizada em jejum pr&#233;vio de 12 horas. Foram utilizadas amostras de soro para a dosagem de triglicer&#237;deos (TG), colesterol total (CT) e lipoprote&#237;nas de alta densidade (HDL-c; <italic>high density lipoprotein cholesterol</italic>). As dosagens foram realizadas no equipamento automatizado Miura One (I.S.E., Rome, Italy). Os n&#237;veis de lipoprote&#237;nas de baixa densidade (LDL-c; <italic>low density lipoprotein cholesterol</italic>) foram calculados pela f&#243;rmula de Friedewald, Fredrickson e Levy.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Foram utilizados pontos de corte internacionais para classifica&#231;&#227;o do perfil lip&#237;dico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> Dislipidemia foi considerada na presen&#231;a de pelo menos um componente do perfil lip&#237;dico alterado (casos aumentados, para TG, CT e LDL-c, e baixos para HDL-c, sem considerar casos lim&#237;trofes).</p>
        <p>Os n&#237;veis de APCR foram avaliados por meio do teste de corrida/caminhada de 12 minutos, preconizado pelo Projeto Esporte Brasil (PROESP-BR),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> o qual consiste em percorrer, em uma pista previamente demarcada, a maior dist&#226;ncia poss&#237;vel durante 12 minutos. O teste foi aplicado por pesquisadores do estudo, formados em Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica, auxiliados por bolsistas do curso de Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica, previamente capacitados. Os escolares foram instru&#237;dos a utilizarem roupa leve e t&#234;nis no dia da avalia&#231;&#227;o. Foram utilizados os pontos de corte do PROESP-BR <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> para a classifica&#231;&#227;o dos dados.</p>
        <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o dos h&#225;bitos culturais foi realizada por meio de question&#225;rio adaptado de Barros e Nahas,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> autorreferido pelo escolar. O n&#250;mero de horas em frente &#224; TV foi classificado em duas categorias: 1) at&#233; duas horas e 2) duas horas ou mais por dia. O deslocamento para a escola foi considerado ativo (a p&#233; ou de bicicleta) ou sedent&#225;rio (carro, moto ou transporte coletivo). Os h&#225;bitos alimentares foram avaliados pela frequ&#234;ncia semanal de consumo dos seguintes alimentos: 1) doces; 2) refrigerantes; 3) salgadinhos fritos e 4) pizza/lasanha. O consumo foi classificado em &#8220;nunca/&#224;s vezes&#8221; (nenhuma vez/uma vez por semana) e &#8220;quase sempre/sempre&#8221; (duas vezes ou mais por semana).</p>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>A an&#225;lise dos dados foi realizada no programa estat&#237;stico SPSS v. 23.0 (IBM, Armonk, EUA). Dados descritivos foram expressos em frequ&#234;ncia absoluta e relativa. A associa&#231;&#227;o entre as vari&#225;veis dependentes (dislipidemia e n&#237;veis aumentados de cada par&#226;metro do perfil lip&#237;dico) e os h&#225;bitos culturais foi testada pela regress&#227;o log&#237;stica. Os valores foram descritos em raz&#227;o de chances (OR) e intervalo de confian&#231;a (IC) para 95%. Inicialmente, foi realizada an&#225;lise univariada dos dados. Ap&#243;s, aplicou-se an&#225;lise ajustada para as var&#225;veis que apresentaram signific&#226;ncia. Foram considerados significantes dados com p &lt; 0,05.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>Os dados descritivos encontram-se na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 1</xref>. Observa-se que 41,9% dos escolares apresentavam dislipidemia, sendo esta condi&#231;&#227;o mais prevalente no sexo feminino, entre os adolescentes e nos escolares com baixos n&#237;veis de APCR (p &lt; 0,05).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Descri&#231;&#227;o dos resultados referentes &#224;s vari&#225;veis estudadas em escolares de Santa Cruz do Sul (RS)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Total (n = 1.254)</th>
                <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Presen&#231;a de dislipidemia (n = 526)</th>
                <th align="center" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">Aus&#234;ncia de dislipidemia (n = 728)</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2">p</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>n (%)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>n (%)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>n (%)</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Sexo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">568 (45,3)</td>
                <td align="center">208 (39,5)</td>
                <td align="center">360 (49,5)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">686 (54,7)</td>
                <td align="center">318 (60,5)</td>
                <td align="center">368 (50,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Faixa et&#225;ria</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">7 a 9 anos (crian&#231;a)</td>
                <td align="center">344 (27,4)</td>
                <td align="center">166 (31,6)</td>
                <td align="center">178 (24,5)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,005</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">10 a 17 anos (adolescente)</td>
                <td align="center">910 (72,6)</td>
                <td align="center">360 (68,4)</td>
                <td align="center">550 (75,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>TV</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">At&#233; 2 horas</td>
                <td align="center">697 (55,6)</td>
                <td align="center">303 (57,6)</td>
                <td align="center">394 (54,1)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,221</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">2 horas ou mais</td>
                <td align="center">557 (44,4)</td>
                <td align="center">223 (42,4)</td>
                <td align="center">334 (45,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Tipo de deslocamento para a escola</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ativo</td>
                <td align="center">558 (44,5)</td>
                <td align="center">234 (44,5)</td>
                <td align="center">324 (44,5)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,995</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sedent&#225;rio</td>
                <td align="center">696 (55,5)</td>
                <td align="center">292 (55,5)</td>
                <td align="center">404 (55,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Evita ingerir alimentos gordurosos e doces</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">917 (73,1)</td>
                <td align="center">377 (71,7)</td>
                <td align="center">540 (74,2)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,324</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">337 (26,9)</td>
                <td align="center">149 (28,3)</td>
                <td align="center">188 (25,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>4 a 5 refei&#231;&#245;es variadas ao dia</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">583 (46,5)</td>
                <td align="center">249 (47,3)</td>
                <td align="center">334 (45,9)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,609</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">671 (53,5)</td>
                <td align="center">277 (52,7)</td>
                <td align="center">394 (54,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Consumo de refrigerante</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">492 (39,2)</td>
                <td align="center">220 (41,8)</td>
                <td align="center">272 (37,4)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,110</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">762 (60,8)</td>
                <td align="center">306 (58,2)</td>
                <td align="center">456 (62,6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Consumo de salgadinhos fritos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">639 (51,0)</td>
                <td align="center">273 (51,9)</td>
                <td align="center">366 (50,3)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,570</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">615 (49,0)</td>
                <td align="center">253 (48,1)</td>
                <td align="center">362 (49,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Consumo de pizza e lasanha</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">897 (71,5)</td>
                <td align="center">391 (74,3)</td>
                <td align="center">506 (69,5)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,061</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">357 (28,5)</td>
                <td align="center">135 (25,7)</td>
                <td align="center">222 (30,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Consumo de doces</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">500 (39,9)</td>
                <td align="center">211 (40,1)</td>
                <td align="center">289 (39,7)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,882</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">754 (60,1)</td>
                <td align="center">315 (59,9)</td>
                <td align="center">439 (60,3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Aptid&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Indicador de risco</td>
                <td align="center">637 (50,8)</td>
                <td align="center">285 (54,2)</td>
                <td align="center">352 (48,4)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,042</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Normal</td>
                <td align="center">617 (49,2)</td>
                <td align="center">241 (45,8)</td>
                <td align="center">376 (51,6)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN14">
              <p>TV: televis&#227;o.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Os dados descritos na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 2</xref> indicam que a dislipidemia esteve associada significativamente com o sexo feminino e com sobrepeso/obesidade. Adolescentes apresentaram menores chances de desenvolver dislipidemia, em compara&#231;&#227;o com as crian&#231;as. Na an&#225;lise univariada, baixos n&#237;veis de APCR se associaram com dislipidemia. No entanto, essa associa&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o foi mantida na an&#225;lise multivariada. Al&#233;m disso, os aspectos culturais n&#227;o estiveram associados com dislipidemia.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Associa&#231;&#227;o entre dislipidemia com dados demogr&#225;ficos, aptid&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria e h&#225;bitos culturais em escolares de Santa Cruz do Sul, RS</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="33%"/>
              <col width="33%"/>
              <col width="33%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th align="center">Dislipidemia OR bruta<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">1</xref></sup> (IC 95%)</th>
                <th align="center">Dislipidemia OR ajustada<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">2</xref></sup> (IC 95%)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Sexo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">1,50 (1,19-1,88)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">1,56 (1,24-1,96)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Faixa et&#225;ria</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">7 a 9 anos</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">10 a 17 anos</td>
                <td align="center">0,70 (0,55-0,90)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,72 (0,56-0,93)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>TV</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">At&#233; 2 horas</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">2 horas ou mais</td>
                <td align="center">0,87 (0,69-1,08)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Deslocamento para escola</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ativo</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sedent&#225;rio</td>
                <td align="center">1,00 (0,80-1,25)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Aptid&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Normal</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Indicador de risco</td>
                <td align="center">1,26 (1,01-1,58)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">1,18 (0,93-1,48)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o do IMC</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Baixo peso/normal</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sobrepeso/obesidade</td>
                <td align="center">1,60 (1,25-2,05)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">1,55 (1,20-2,00)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Evita ingerir alimentos gordurosos e doces</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">0,88 (0,68-1,13)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Refei&#231;&#245;es variadas</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">1,06 (0,85-1,33)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Refrigerante</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">0,83 (0,66-1,04)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Pizza - lasanha</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">0,79 (0,61-1,01)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Docinhos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">0,98 (0,78-1,24)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Salgadinhos fritos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">0,94 (0,75-1,17)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN15">
              <p>Regress&#227;o log&#237;stica. OR: odds ratio; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a para 95%; TV: televis&#227;o; IMC: &#237;ndice de massa corporal.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN16">
              <label>1</label>
              <p>An&#225;lise univariada;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN17">
              <label>2</label>
              <p>an&#225;lise ajustada para as var&#225;veis que apresentaram signific&#226;ncia (p &lt; 0,05).</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN18">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Dados significantes (p &lt; 0,05).</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Comparando os dados por componentes do perfil lip&#237;dico, de forma isolada, observa-se que altos n&#237;veis de CT se associaram com sexo feminino. Adolescentes apresentaram menores chances de n&#237;veis aumentados de CT e TG do que crian&#231;as. A presen&#231;a de sobrepeso/obesidade est&#225; associada com eleva&#231;&#227;o de CT e TG (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Tabela 3</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t7">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Associa&#231;&#227;o entre triglicer&#237;deos e colesterol total alterado com dados demogr&#225;ficos, aptid&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria e h&#225;bitos culturais em escolares de Santa Cruz do Sul, RS</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th align="center">CT OR bruta<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN20">1</xref></sup> (IC 95%)</th>
                <th align="center">CT OR ajustada<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">2</xref></sup> (IC 95%)</th>
                <th align="center">TG OR bruta<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN20">1</xref></sup> (IC 95%)</th>
                <th align="center">TG OR ajustada<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">2</xref></sup> (IC 95%)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Sexo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">1,29 (1,01-1,66)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">1,36 (1,05-1,75)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">1,53 (0,94-2,51)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Faixa et&#225;ria</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">7 a 9 anos</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">10 a 17 anos</td>
                <td align="center">0,63 (0,48-0,83)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,66 (0,50-0,86)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,39 (0,34-0,62)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,47 (0,28-0,76)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>TV</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">At&#233; 2 horas</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">2 horas ou mais</td>
                <td align="center">0,81 (0,63-1,04)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">1,31 (0,81-2,10)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Deslocamento para escola</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ativo</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sedent&#225;rio</td>
                <td align="center">0,83 (0,64-1,06)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">0,98 (0,61-1,58)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Aptid&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Normal</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Risco</td>
                <td align="center">1,24 (0,97-1,59)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">1,50 (0,93-2,44)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o do IMC</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Baixo peso/normal</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sobrepeso/obesidade</td>
                <td align="center">1,45 (1,11-1,90)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">1,40 (1,07-1,84)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">3,82 (2,36-6,20)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">3,21 (1,96-5,26)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Evita ingerir alimentos gordurosos e doces</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">0,91 (0,69-1,20)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">1,10 (0,66-1,87)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Refei&#231;&#245;es variadas</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">0,92 (0,72-1,18)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">0,70 (0,44-1,13)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Refrigerante</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">0,86 (0,67-1,11)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">0,48 (0,30-0,78)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,63 (0,38-1,04)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Salgadinhos fritos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">0,96 (0,75-1,23)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">0,49 (0,30-0,81)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,58 (0,34-0,98)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Pizza - lasanha</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">0,93 (0,70-1,23)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">0,58 (0,32-1,05)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Docinhos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">0,89 (0,69-1,15)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">0,95 (0,59-1,53)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN19">
              <p>Regress&#227;o log&#237;stica. CT: colesterol total; TG: triglicer&#237;deos; TV: televis&#227;o; IMC: &#237;ndice de massa corporal; OR: odds ratio; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a para 95%.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN20">
              <label>1</label>
              <p>An&#225;lise univariada;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN21">
              <label>2</label>
              <p>an&#225;lise ajustada para as var&#225;veis que apresentaram signific&#226;ncia (p &lt; 0,05).</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN22">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Dados significantes (p &lt; 0,05).</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Baixos n&#237;veis de HDL-c est&#227;o associados com o h&#225;bito de assistir TV por 2 horas ou mais por dia. Sexo feminino, faixa et&#225;ria adolescente e deslocamento sedent&#225;rio para a escola associaram-se com a presen&#231;a de LDL-c elevado (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Tabela 4</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t8">
          <label>Tabela 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Associa&#231;&#227;o entre colesterol de alta e baixa densidade alterado com dados demogr&#225;ficos, aptid&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria e h&#225;bitos culturais em escolares de Santa Cruz do Sul, RS</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th align="center">HDL-c OR bruta<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN24">1</xref></sup> (IC 95%)</th>
                <th align="center">LDL-c OR bruta<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN24">1</xref></sup> (IC 95%)</th>
                <th align="center">LDL-c OR ajustada<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN25">2</xref></sup> (IC 95%)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Sexo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">0,87 (0,54-1,38)</td>
                <td align="center">1,68 (1,28-2,20)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN26">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">1,65 (1,25-2,18)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN26">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Faixa et&#225;ria</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">7 a 9 anos</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">10 a 17 anos</td>
                <td align="center">1,14 (0,67-1,95)</td>
                <td align="center">1,52 (1,11-2,09)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN26">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">1,50 (1,08-2,07)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN26">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>TV</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">At&#233; 2 horas</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">2 horas ou mais</td>
                <td align="center">1,59 (1,00-2,54)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN26">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,88 (0,67-1,15)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Deslocamento para escola</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ativo</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sedent&#225;rio</td>
                <td align="center">0,92 (0,58-1,48)</td>
                <td align="center">1,63 (1,24-2,15)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN26">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">1,59 (1,20-2,09)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN26">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Aptid&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Normal</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Risco</td>
                <td align="center">1,28 (0,80-2,05)</td>
                <td align="center">1,08 (0,83-1,40)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o do IMC</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Baixo peso/normal</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sobrepeso/obesidade</td>
                <td align="center">1,55 (0,96-2,50)</td>
                <td align="center">1,13 (0,85-1,51)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Evita ingerir alimentos gordurosos e doces</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">0,90 (0,53-1,54)</td>
                <td align="center">0,89 (0,66-1,21)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Refei&#231;&#245;es variadas</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">0,81 (0,51-1,30)</td>
                <td align="center">1,07 (0,82-1,40)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Refrigerante</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">0,88 (0,55-1,41)</td>
                <td align="center">0,78 (0,60-1,03)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Salgadinhos fritos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">0,98 (0,62-1,57)</td>
                <td align="center">0,88 (0,67-1,14)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Pizza - lasanha</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">0,55 (0,30-0,99)</td>
                <td align="center">0,97 (0,73-1,31)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Docinhos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca/&#224;s vezes</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Quase sempre/sempre</td>
                <td align="center">0,96 (0,60-1,54)</td>
                <td align="center">1,10 (0,84-1,44)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN23">
              <p>Regress&#227;o log&#237;stica. HDL-c: colesterol de lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade; LDL-c: colesterol de lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade; TV: televis&#227;o; IMC: &#237;ndice de massa corporal; OR: odds ratio; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a para 95%.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN24">
              <label>1</label>
              <p>An&#225;lise univariada;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN25">
              <label>2</label>
              <p>an&#225;lise ajustada para as var&#225;veis que apresentaram signific&#226;ncia (p &lt; 0,05) e para a classifica&#231;&#227;o do IMC.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN26">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Dados significantes (p &lt; 0,05).</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Altas preval&#234;ncias de dislipidemia em escolares t&#234;m se constitu&#237;do como altera&#231;&#245;es cada vez mais comuns em crian&#231;as e adolescentes brasileiros. Estudos realizados em Recife-PE (29,7%),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Florian&#243;polis-SC (22,0%) <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> e Londrina-PR (20,8%) <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> apontam uma crescente preval&#234;ncia de dislipidemia em escolares de diferentes regi&#245;es do pa&#237;s. Em Birjand-Ir&#227;, estimativas semelhantes apontaram que a preval&#234;ncia de dislipidemia tem atingido 31% das crian&#231;as entre 6 e 11 anos de idade, sendo que meninas apresentam maior preval&#234;ncia de hipertrigliceridemia e meninos maior preval&#234;ncia de hipercolesterolemia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Contudo, ressalta-se que a alta preval&#234;ncia encontrada no presente estudo (41,9%) supera essas estimativas j&#225; elevadas. Al&#233;m disso, dados de um estudo de tend&#234;ncia de dez anos (2004-2014) dos n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de lip&#237;dios e dislipidemia, realizado com 3.249 escolares entre 6 e 18 anos de v&#225;rias escolas de Pequim-China, demonstraram que a preval&#234;ncia de dislipidemia, baseada principalmente na eleva&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de TG e CT e redu&#231;&#227;o do HDL-c, aumentou significantemente durante o per&#237;odo, sugerindo uma tend&#234;ncia ascendente em tais preval&#234;ncias e alertando para a necessidade de medidas cont&#237;nuas para frear essa condi&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Entre os fatores que colaboram para os elevados &#237;ndices de dislipidemia, nossos achados apontaram associa&#231;&#245;es com a presen&#231;a de sobrepeso/obesidade e com comportamento sedent&#225;rio. No entanto, uma variedade de fatores tem sido apontada por contribuir para a ocorr&#234;ncia de altera&#231;&#245;es nas concentra&#231;&#245;es de lip&#237;dios no sangue. Alc&#226;ntara Neto et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> indicam associa&#231;&#227;o positiva entre o consumo alimentar inadequado e a dislipidemia. O &#205;ndice de massa corporal (IMC) tamb&#233;m se constitui como importante vari&#225;vel, j&#225; que a obesidade tem sido evidenciada como um importante fator de risco para a dislipidemia e o risco cardiometab&#243;lico, sugerindo que adolescentes obesos apresentam valores elevados de TG, CT, LDL-c, maior resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina e valores reduzidos de HDL-c.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> Ainda, um estudo transversal, desenvolvido com 173 escolares entre 10 e 18 anos de idade, demonstrou que a maior ades&#227;o a uma dieta rica em gordura/a&#231;&#250;car associou-se com a presen&#231;a de hipercolesterolemia (OR: 1,6; IC 95%: 1,1-2,3) e o LDL-c elevado (OR: 1,7; IC 95%: 1,0-2,9). Al&#233;m disso, crian&#231;as que se exercitavam menos de 3 vezes/semana foram menos propensas a ter baixos n&#237;veis de HDL-c, em compara&#231;&#227;o &#224;s crian&#231;as que se exercitavam 7 vezes ou mais por semana (OR: 0,4; IC 95%: 0,2-0,7).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Um estudo realizado com 1.805 crian&#231;as e adolescentes chineses avaliou a diferen&#231;a entre escolares metabolicamente saud&#225;veis e n&#227;o saud&#225;veis. Os achados revelaram que valores de IMC e comportamento sedent&#225;rio foram os aspectos que mais afetaram a sa&#250;de metab&#243;lica. Al&#233;m disso, o consumo excessivo de alimentos n&#227;o saud&#225;veis esteve fortemente associado aos escolares com perfil metab&#243;lico negativo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> De forma similar, um estudo desenvolvido com 227 pr&#233;-escolares, em Diamantina-MG, demonstrou que escolares que relatavam possuir uma dieta menos equilibrada, com consumo mais frequente de alimentos ricos em lip&#237;dios e carboidratos, bem como maior IMC e cujas m&#227;es possu&#237;am menores n&#237;veis de escolaridade, apresentaram maior associa&#231;&#227;o com a ocorr&#234;ncia de altera&#231;&#245;es no perfil lip&#237;dico, em especial n&#237;veis mais elevados de LDL-c, sendo estas vari&#225;veis identificadas como determinantes da dislipidemia nos escolares avaliados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Logo, entende-se que a ocorr&#234;ncia desta condi&#231;&#227;o vem atingido, muito devido ao comportamento alimentar, escolares em idades cada vez mais precoces.</p>
        <p>Detalhadamente, o presente estudo apontou associa&#231;&#227;o entre dislipidemia e baixos n&#237;veis de APCR, entre LDL-c aumentado e deslocamento passivo para a escola, bem como entre baixos n&#237;veis de HDL-c e elevado tempo em frente &#224; TV. Assim, prop&#245;e-se que o sedentarismo e a baixa APCR est&#227;o associados a altera&#231;&#245;es metab&#243;licas. Do mesmo modo, resultados do estudo <italic>National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey</italic> (NHANES) demonstraram que em escolares adolescentes masculinos com dislipidemia, o tempo de tela parece ser um moderador potencial da rela&#231;&#227;o entre aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica e atividade f&#237;sica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> Ainda, dados anteriores, envolvendo uma amostra de 1.243 crian&#231;as e adolescentes do nosso munic&#237;pio, demonstraram que altera&#231;&#245;es no perfil lip&#237;dico s&#227;o mais prevalentes entre as crian&#231;as e adolescentes obesos/inaptos quando comparados com os escolares com peso normal/baixo peso, em ambos os sexos. Estes resultados refor&#231;am os achados encontrados no presente estudo e apontam rela&#231;&#227;o direta entre a preval&#234;ncia de dislipidemia, obesidade e baixos n&#237;veis de APCR.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Assim, diante do crescente impacto da dislipidemia nas condi&#231;&#245;es de sa&#250;de da popula&#231;&#227;o pedi&#225;trica, recomenda&#231;&#245;es sugerem que crian&#231;as sejam submetidas a triagem de fatores de risco a fim de identificar precocemente os n&#237;veis elevados de LDL-c e reduzir a evid&#234;ncia de eventos cardiovasculares em adultos jovens. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> Contudo, sup&#245;e-se que esses cuidados prim&#225;rios sejam aplicados somente a 18% desta popula&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> De acordo com o Instituto de Medicina Americano, recomenda-se que crian&#231;as tenham acesso a alimentos saud&#225;veis e que pais e respons&#225;veis ofertem alimentos nutritivos que promovam a saciedade da fome. Al&#233;m disso, &#233; preciso aumentar o tempo destinado &#224; pr&#225;tica de atividades f&#237;sicas e reduzir as atividades que estimulem o comportamento sedent&#225;rio na popula&#231;&#227;o pedi&#225;trica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> Ainda no que se refere ao tratamento da dislipidemia, estima-se que mudan&#231;as com interven&#231;&#227;o no estilo de vida s&#227;o alternativas com excelentes resultados, que provocam respostas e adapta&#231;&#245;es positivas, sendo que o tratamento medicamentoso tem sido utilizado em raros casos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> Do mesmo modo, os resultados do nosso estudo sugerem que essas recomenda&#231;&#245;es devem permanecer nos anos sequenciais, incluindo o per&#237;odo da adolesc&#234;ncia e a vida adulta.</p>
        <p>Reconhecemos como limita&#231;&#227;o de nosso estudo o fato do question&#225;rio ser autorreferido pelo escolar, o que pode implicar em relatos n&#227;o compat&#237;veis com a realidade. Al&#233;m disso, devido ao delineamento transversal, n&#227;o &#233; poss&#237;vel demonstrar causalidade. O estudo inclui a avalia&#231;&#227;o de escolares do munic&#237;pio do Sul do Brasil, o que poderia n&#227;o ser representativo da realidade de crian&#231;as e adolescentes em outros contextos. Ao mesmo tempo, este pode ser considerado um aspecto forte de nosso estudo, &#224; medida que aponta que a alta preval&#234;ncia de dislipidemia encontrada condiz e, inclusive supera, as apontadas em estudos de outros territ&#243;rios brasileiros, estimando, de forma atualizada, que a ocorr&#234;ncia desta condi&#231;&#227;o tende a um crescente aumento. Al&#233;m disso, o estudo explora estruturadamente vari&#225;veis relevantes do contexto cultural do escolar, propondo estimativas e descrevendo fatores que aparentemente est&#227;o associados com a alta preval&#234;ncia de dislipidemia em crian&#231;as e adolescentes. Assim, os dados permitem aos &#243;rg&#227;os voltados &#224; gest&#227;o da sa&#250;de na inf&#226;ncia e adolesc&#234;ncia delinear de forma mais precisa suas diretrizes para esta popula&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Os resultados do presente estudo mostraram a elevada preval&#234;ncia de dislipidemia em escolares e sua rela&#231;&#227;o com baixa aptid&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria e fatores culturais, especialmente ligados ao comportamento sedent&#225;rio. Esses achados ressaltam para a necessidade de interven&#231;&#245;es que promovam h&#225;bitos de vida saud&#225;veis, desde os primeiros anos de vida da crian&#231;a.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O artigo faz parte de projeto de pesquisa vinculado ao Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Promo&#231;&#227;o da Sa&#250;de da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica da Universidade Santa Cruz do Sul sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 2525/10. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
