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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="letter" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">bmzbT9B57Cj8Fcyq558pThC</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000500597</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190082</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Comment on Myocardial Perfusion Study in Obese Patients without Known Cardiac Ischemia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1466-9413</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mesquita</surname>
            <given-names>Claudio Tinoco</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cruz</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Gavina da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal Fluminense</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Radiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Niter&#243;i</city>
          <state>RJ</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Fluminense - Departamento de Radiologia, Niter&#243;i, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Pr&#243;-card&#237;aco</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Rio de Janeiro</city>
          <state>RJ</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Pr&#243;-card&#237;aco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal Fluminense</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Niter&#243;i</city>
          <state>RJ</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Fluminense - P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares, Niter&#243;i, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Funda&#231;&#227;o T&#233;cnico Educacional Souza Marques</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Rio de Janeiro</city>
          <state>RJ</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Funda&#231;&#227;o T&#233;cnico Educacional Souza Marques, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Claudio Tinoco Mesquita,</bold> Universidade Federal Fluminense Faculdade de Medicina - Departamento de Radiologia - Av. Marques do Paran&#225;, 303. CEP 24230-322, Centro, Niter&#243;i, RJ - Brazil. E-mail: <email>claudiotinocomesquita@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>06</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>112</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>597</fpage>
      <lpage>599</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Perfusion Imaging</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesity/mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Ischemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Diabetes Mellitus</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <disp-quote>
        <p><italic>"All human knowledge is fallible and therefore uncertain. It follows that we must distinguish sharply between truth and certainty... This is the task of scientific activity. Hence, we can say: our aim as scientists is objective truth; more truth, more interesting truth, more intelligible truth. We cannot reasonably aim at certainty</italic>."</p>
        <p>Karl Popper</p>
      </disp-quote>
    </p>
    <p>We congratulate Dippe et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> for their work that addressed the role of myocardial scintigraphy in the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in obese patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Despite limitations, body mass index (BMI) has been the most used anthropometric tool for assessing nutritional status in adults.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Epidemiologic studies have identified high BMI as a risk factor for an expanding set of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Obesity Collaborators found that excess body weight accounted for about 4 million deaths in 2015. Nearly 70% of these deaths were due to cardiovascular disease, and more than 60% of them occurred among obese persons (BMI &#8805; 30 Kg/m<sup>2</sup>).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> The use of a database of consecutive patients provides a sample of obese patients from the real-world scenario and portrays the current clinical practice in which the cardiologist faces major diagnostic challenges in obese patients. All diagnostic methods have significant challenges in obese patients such as the limitation of the acoustic window in the echocardiogram, higher incidence of photon attenuation on computed tomography and myocardial scintigraphy and bore size limitations to cardiac resonance imaging. Radiation-sparing techniques are more difficult to use in heavier patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> The finding that clinical data such as the presence of diabetes mellitus, older age and typical symptoms of angina highlights the need of careful clinical evaluation in order to adequate request ischemic screening tests in patients with suspected coronary artery disease, especially in the obese. Another important finding of their study was the absence of association between obesity alone, especially in the group with BMI greater than 40, with the presence of ischemia. A technical aspect that was not clear in the article and whether the authors used the prone acquisition when there was doubt about the presence of breast attenuation and also the technique used to quantify the visual or automatic ischemia.</p>
    <p>In an editorial about this article, Hueb<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> points out the multiple mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia, including the microvascular mechanisms that determine ischemia in patients with epicardial coronary arteries without obstruction. Functional methods are important in the identification of microvascular ischemic abnormalities, which have diagnostic and prognostic value, especially in diabetic patients and in patients with multiple risk factors. Functional imaging is superior to anatomic imaging in patients with microvascular disease because of their focus on different levels of the ischemic cascade including wall motion abnormalities (echocardiography and stress cardiac magnetic resonance), relative perfusion abnormalities (stress cardiac magnetic resonance and single-photon emission computed tomography), and changes in physiological absolute regional myocardial perfusion (PET).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> The creation of the patient-centered imaging culture that prioritizes patient safety and effectiveness requires the understanding of the better diagnostic techniques for every clinical need.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Karl Popper stated that science is composed of transient truths. The role of scientists is to prove the falsifiability of their findings and others in the search of a more intelligible true. In the absence of contrary evidence, current evidence points that invasive treatment in patients with myocardial ischemia area greater than 10% is associated with better prognosis in comparison with medical management alone. The results of the ISCHEMIA study to be published in the near future should provide additional new scientific evidence regarding whether an invasive management strategy improves clinical outcomes when added to optimal medical therapy in patients moderate or severe ischemia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
		</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  <sub-article article-type="reply" id="s1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Reply</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dippe</surname>
            <given-names>Tufi</given-names>
            <suffix>Junior</suffix>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>V&#237;tola</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Vicente</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Regarding our manuscript,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">1</xref> we would like to make some comments about the letter sent to the editor by Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) and about the short editorial written by Dr. Whady Rueb.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Although body mass index (BMI) correlates with the percentage of body fat in most individuals, the limitations of this index is widely known.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">5</xref> On the other hand, major cohort, prospective and observational studies, such as the Framingham study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">6</xref> and the Nurse's Health Study,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">7</xref> used BMI as a diagnostic parameter for obesity, demonstrating a nearly linear relationship between BMI and coronary artery disease (CAD) from a value equal to or greater than 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>.</p>
      <p>The World Health Organization (WHO) uses BMI for the diagnosis and classification of obesity.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">8</xref> In our study,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">1</xref> which evaluated 5,526 obese patients undergoing myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, one of the largest samples ever published in the world literature, 29.7% of the individuals had BMI equal to or greater than 35 kg/m<sup>2</sup>.</p>
      <p>Regarding the questioning of the UFF colleagues, we pointed out that the limitations of the manuscript include that our patients were not submitted to attenuation correction techniques routinely.</p>
      <p>Before we make any specific comments on the short editorial, we would like to emphasize our deep admiration for Dr. Whady Hueb, a Brazilian scientist of great importance for the world cardiology, who we highly appreciate and respect. We would also like to emphasize, with no reservations, his contribution to the international literature with the MASS study,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">9</xref> quoted and admired all over the world. Today, among other things, the MASS study allows us to work together on the ISCHEMIA study,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">10</xref> on which both Dr. Whady Hueb's and our group worked hard for a successful completion.</p>
      <p>Regarding the minieditorial on our study, we would first like to make some comments about the tests recommended and the perfusional abnormality rate we found.</p>
      <p>Note that our registry in Curitiba, which is certainly one of the largest nuclear cardiology registries in the world, includes patients referred to our diagnostic center, about whom we have no control over which are the tests to be recommended, as this is the responsibility of the referring clinician. (I do not understand this)</p>
      <p>Besides that, we cannot infer that the tests have been inappropriately recommended based on 77% of normal scintigraphies. We are sure that this data should not be used as a criticism of our study, since in many clinical situations this is exactly the information sought by the clinician requesting a provocative ischemia test, that is, the absence of ischemia can avoid unnecessary anatomical evaluations, such as cineangiocorography, for example.</p>
      <p>It is true that many of these patients with suspected CAD could have their disease ruled out by coronary angiography. Unfortunately, this practice is still limited in our country, because of the restrictions imposed by health insurance plans or unavailability in the public health system (SUS). We believe that this would be an excellent way to "rule out" CAD, avoiding additional tests, including myocardial perfusion scintigraphy itself.</p>
      <p>Although our perfusion abnormality rate (23%) was considered low by Dr. Whady Hueb, it is nearly three times greater than that found in reference laboratories in the United States, as found by the Cedars Sinai Hospital registry, which revealed about 8.7% of perfusion abnormalities.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">11</xref> Similarly, the randomized study PROMISE<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">12</xref> found a perfusion abnormality rate close to 10% in symptomatic patients.</p>
      <p>In our sample, 31% of the patients were known diabetics, and this certainly differentiates our group from other studies, and helps us understand our high abnormality rate.</p>
      <p>Another excerpt of the short editorial reads: <italic>based on this data, by applying a "creative statistics", they found a 245% risk increase for typical angina</italic>.</p>
      <p>Note that nowhere in the manuscript we mentioned that a perfusional abnormality would increase the risk of typical angina. We have published that the patients who reported typical angina before the test, compared to asymptomatic patients (reference) had 245% higher chances of having abnormal myocardial perfusion (odds ratio of 2.45 [1.82-3.31], see page 125 of the manuscript, table 4).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">1</xref> There is no "creative statistics" at all. This conclusion was reached after multivariate logistic regression analysis. It is pure statistics.</p>
      <p>Finally, we would like to thank UFF for the letter sent to the editor of Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia and to Dr. Whady Hueb for his short editorial. The productive discussion and scientific production certainly help to add further value to our admired Brazilian cardiology.</p>
    </body>
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  </sub-article>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s2" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Coment&#225;rios sobre o Estudo da Perfus&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica em Pacientes Obesos sem Isquemia Card&#237;aca Conhecida</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1466-9413</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mesquita</surname>
            <given-names>Claudio Tinoco</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cruz</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Gavina da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">3</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">4</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Fluminense - Departamento de Radiologia, Niter&#243;i, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Pr&#243;-card&#237;aco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Fluminense - P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares, Niter&#243;i, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Funda&#231;&#227;o T&#233;cnico Educacional Souza Marques, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Claudio Tinoco Mesquita,</bold> Universidade Federal Fluminense Faculdade de Medicina - Departamento de Radiologia - Av. Marques do Paran&#225;, 303. CEP 24230-322, Centro, Niter&#243;i, RJ - Brasil. E-mail: <email>claudiotinocomesquita@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Imagem de Perfus&#227;o do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesidade/mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Isquemia Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Diabetes Mellitus</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <disp-quote>
          <p><italic>"Todo o conhecimento humano &#233; fal&#237;vel e, portanto, incerto. O que ocorre &#233; que devemos fazer a n&#237;tida diferencia&#231;&#227;o entre verdade e certeza ... Essa &#233; a miss&#227;o da atividade cient&#237;fica. Assim, podemos dizer: nosso objetivo como cientistas &#233; a verdade objetiva; a verdade maior, a verdade mais interessante, a verdade mais intelig&#237;vel. N&#227;o podemos visar a certeza de maneira racional</italic>".</p>
          <p>Karl Popper</p>
        </disp-quote>
      </p>
      <p>Parabenizamos Dippe et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> pelo seu trabalho, que abordou o papel da cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica no diagn&#243;stico da isquemia mioc&#225;rdica em pacientes obesos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Apesar das limita&#231;&#245;es, o &#237;ndice de massa corporal (IMC) foi o instrumento antropom&#233;trico mais utilizado para avaliar o estado nutricional em adultos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Estudos epidemiol&#243;gicos identificaram IMC elevado como fator de risco para um conjunto crescente de doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas, incluindo doen&#231;as cardiovasculares e diabetes mellitus. Os colaboradores do estudo Global Burden of Disease (GBD) na &#225;rea de obesidade descobriram que o excesso de peso corporal foi respons&#225;vel por cerca de 4 milh&#245;es de mortes em 2015. Quase 70% dessas mortes ocorreram devido a doen&#231;as cardiovasculares e mais de 60% delas ocorreram em pessoas obesas (IMC &#8805; 30 Kg/m<sup>2</sup>).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> O uso de um banco de dados de pacientes consecutivos fornece uma amostra de pacientes obesos do cen&#225;rio real e retrata a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica atual em que o cardiologista enfrenta grandes desafios diagn&#243;sticos em pacientes obesos. Todos os m&#233;todos diagn&#243;sticos apresentam desafios significativos em pacientes obesos, como a limita&#231;&#227;o da janela ac&#250;stica no ecocardiograma, maior incid&#234;ncia de atenua&#231;&#227;o de f&#243;tons na tomografia computadorizada e cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica e limita&#231;&#245;es de di&#226;metro &#224; resson&#226;ncia card&#237;aca. As t&#233;cnicas que envolvem menos radia&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o mais dif&#237;ceis de se usar em pacientes mais pesados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> A constata&#231;&#227;o de que dados cl&#237;nicos como a presen&#231;a de diabetes mellitus, idade avan&#231;ada e sintomas t&#237;picos de angina demonstra a necessidade de avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica criteriosa para a adequada solicita&#231;&#227;o de exames de avalia&#231;&#227;o isqu&#234;mica em pacientes com suspeita de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, principalmente em obesos. Outro achado importante de seu estudo foi a aus&#234;ncia de associa&#231;&#227;o entre a obesidade isolada, principalmente no grupo com IMC maior que 40, e a presen&#231;a de isquemia. Um aspecto t&#233;cnico que n&#227;o ficou claro no artigo &#233; se os autores usaram a aquisi&#231;&#227;o na posi&#231;&#227;o prono quando havia d&#250;vidas sobre a presen&#231;a de atenua&#231;&#227;o de mama e tamb&#233;m a t&#233;cnica usada para quantificar a isquemia visual ou autom&#225;tica.</p>
      <p>Em um editorial sobre esse artigo, Hueb<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> aponta os m&#250;ltiplos mecanismos envolvidos na fisiopatologia da isquemia mioc&#225;rdica, incluindo os mecanismos microvasculares que determinam a isquemia em pacientes com art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias epic&#225;rdicas sem obstru&#231;&#227;o. Os m&#233;todos funcionais s&#227;o importantes na identifica&#231;&#227;o de anormalidades isqu&#234;micas microvasculares, que t&#234;m valor diagn&#243;stico e progn&#243;stico, principalmente em pacientes diab&#233;ticos e em pacientes com m&#250;ltiplos fatores de risco. A imagem funcional &#233; superior &#224; imagem anat&#244;mica em pacientes com doen&#231;a microvascular devido ao seu foco em diferentes n&#237;veis da cascata isqu&#234;mica, incluindo altera&#231;&#245;es de motilidade parietal (ecocardiografia e resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca SOB estresse), anormalidades de perfus&#227;o relativa (resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca sob estresse e tomografia computadorizada por emiss&#227;o de f&#243;ton &#250;nico), e altera&#231;&#245;es na perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica regional absoluta (TEP).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> A cria&#231;&#227;o da cultura imageol&#243;gica centrada no paciente, que prioriza a seguran&#231;a e do paciente a efic&#225;cia, requer o entendimento das melhores t&#233;cnicas de diagn&#243;stico para cada necessidade cl&#237;nica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Karl Popper afirmou que a ci&#234;ncia &#233; composta por verdades transit&#243;rias. O papel dos cientistas &#233; provar a falseabilidade de seus achados e outros na busca de uma verdade mais intelig&#237;vel. Na aus&#234;ncia de evid&#234;ncias contr&#225;rias, evid&#234;ncias atuais apontam que o tratamento invasivo em pacientes com &#225;rea de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica maior que 10% est&#225; associado a melhor progn&#243;stico em compara&#231;&#227;o com o tratamento cl&#237;nico isolado. Os resultados do estudo ISCHEMIA a ser publicado em um futuro pr&#243;ximo devem fornecer evid&#234;ncias cient&#237;ficas adicionais sobre se uma estrat&#233;gia de manejo invasivo melhora os desfechos cl&#237;nicos quando adicionada &#224; terapia medicamentosa &#243;tima em pacientes com isquemia moderada ou importante.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
			</p>
    </body>
    <sub-article article-type="reply" id="s3" xml:lang="pt">
      <front-stub>
        <article-categories>
          <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
            <subject>Articles</subject>
          </subj-group>
        </article-categories>
        <title-group>
          <article-title>Carta-resposta</article-title>
        </title-group>
        <contrib-group>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Dippe</surname>
              <given-names>Tufi</given-names>
              <suffix>Junior</suffix>
            </name>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>V&#237;tola</surname>
              <given-names>Jo&#227;o Vicente</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
        </contrib-group>
      </front-stub>
      <body>
        <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao nosso artigo,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">1</xref> gostar&#237;amos de fazer algumas considera&#231;&#245;es sobre a carta enviada ao editor, encaminhada pela Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), bem como, o minieditorial escrito pelo Dr. Whady Hueb.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">2</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Embora o &#237;ndice de massa corporal (IMC) correlaciona-se com o percentual de gordura corporal na maioria dos indiv&#237;duos, este &#237;ndice apresenta limita&#231;&#245;es amplamente conhecidas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">5</xref> Por outro lado, grandes estudos de coorte, prospectivos e observacionais, como o estudo de Framingham<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">6</xref> e o Nurse's Health Study,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">7</xref> utilizaram o IMC como par&#226;metro diagn&#243;stico para obesidade, demonstrando uma rela&#231;&#227;o quase linear entre o IMC e risco de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC), a partir de um valor igual ou maior que 25kg/m<sup>2</sup>.</p>
        <p>A Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial de Sa&#250;de (OMS) utiliza o IMC para o diagn&#243;stico e classifica&#231;&#227;o da obesidade.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">8</xref> Em nosso estudo,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">1</xref> que avaliou 5.526 pacientes obesos submetidos &#224; cintilografia de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica, uma das maiores amostras j&#225; publicadas na literatura mundial, 29,7% dos indiv&#237;duos estudados apresentavam IMC igual ou maior que 35 kg/m<sup>2</sup>.</p>
        <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao questionamento dos colegas da UFF, ressaltamos nas limita&#231;&#245;es do artigo que nossos pacientes n&#227;o foram submetidos &#224;s t&#233;cnicas de corre&#231;&#227;o de atenua&#231;&#227;o de forma rotineira.</p>
        <p>Antes de nossas considera&#231;&#245;es espec&#237;ficas sobre o minieditorial, gostar&#237;amos de ressaltar a nossa profunda admira&#231;&#227;o pelo Dr. Whady Hueb, um cientista brasileiro de grande import&#226;ncia para a cardiologia mundial, pelo qual temos grande estima e respeito. Salientamos aqui, mas de forma n&#227;o restrita, a sua contribui&#231;&#227;o na literatura internacional com o estudo MASS,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">9</xref> citado e admirado em todo o mundo. Entre outras coisas, o estudo MASS nos permite hoje trabalharmos juntos no estudo ISCHEMIA,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">10</xref> em que ambos os grupos, o do Dr. Whady Hueb e o nosso, trabalharam para concluir com &#234;xito.</p>
        <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao mineditorial sobre nosso estudo, primeiramente gostar&#237;amos de tecer algumas considera&#231;&#245;es sobre as indica&#231;&#245;es dos exames e a taxa de anormalidade perfusional por n&#243;s encontrada.</p>
        <p>Chamamos a aten&#231;&#227;o de que o nosso registro em Curitiba, certamente um dos maiores do mundo em cardiologia nuclear, &#233; de pacientes encaminhados ao nosso centro diagn&#243;stico, sobre os quais n&#227;o temos qualquer controle da indica&#231;&#227;o apropriada ou n&#227;o dos exames, sendo esta de responsabilidade do cl&#237;nico encaminhador.</p>
        <p>Al&#233;m disso, n&#227;o podemos inferir que as indica&#231;&#245;es foram inapropriadas baseado no n&#250;mero de 77% de cintilografias normais. Certamente esse dado n&#227;o deveria ser usado como uma cr&#237;tica ao nosso estudo, visto que em muitas situa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas essa &#233; exatamente a informa&#231;&#227;o buscada pelo cl&#237;nico quando solicita um teste provocativo de isquemia, ou seja, a aus&#234;ncia de isquemia pode evitar avalia&#231;&#245;es anat&#244;micas desnecess&#225;rias, como por exemplo a cineangiocoronriografia.</p>
        <p>&#201; verdade que muitos desses pacientes com suspeita de DAC poderiam ter sua doen&#231;a exclu&#237;da por meio de uma angiotomografia de coron&#225;rias. Infelizmente, essa &#233; uma pr&#225;tica ainda limitada em nosso pa&#237;s, por causa das restri&#231;&#245;es dos conv&#234;nios ou indisponibilidade do exame no Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de (SUS). Acreditamos que este seria um caminho excelente para "descartar" a DAC, evitando testes adicionais, inclusive a pr&#243;pria cintilografia de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica.</p>
        <p>A nossa taxa de anormalidade perfusional (23%), apesar de ser sido considerada baixa pelo Dr. Whady Hueb, &#233; quase 3 vezes maior do que vem sendo encontrado em laborat&#243;rios de refer&#234;ncia nos Estados Unidos, como demonstrado pelo registro do Hospital Cedars Sinai, que revelou cerca de 8,7% de anormalidades perfusionais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">11</xref> Similarmente, o estudo randomizado PROMISE<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">12</xref> demonstrou em pacientes sintom&#225;ticos uma taxa de anormalidade perfusional pr&#243;xima de 10%.</p>
        <p>Salientamos que em nossa amostra, 31% dos pacientes j&#225; eram diab&#233;ticos conhecidos, e isso certamente diferencia nosso grupo de outros estudos, e nos ajuda a compreender a nossa taxa de anormalidade t&#227;o elevada.</p>
        <p>Em outro trecho do minieditorial, lemos a seguinte frase: <italic>diante desses dados, encontraram, ap&#243;s aplicar uma "estat&#237;stica criativa", uma rela&#231;&#227;o de 245 % de aumento de risco para angina t&#237;pica.</italic></p>
        <p>&#201; importante observar que em nenhum momento do artigo mencionamos que uma anormalidade perfusional aumentaria o risco de angina t&#237;pica. Publicamos que os pacientes que nos relataram angina t&#237;pica antes do exame, quando comparados aos pacientes assintom&#225;ticos (refer&#234;ncia), apresentaram uma chance 245% maior de apresentarem uma perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica anormal (<italic>odds ratio</italic> de 2,45 [1,82-3,31], vide p&#225;gina 125 do artigo, tabela 4).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">1</xref> N&#227;o h&#225; "estat&#237;stica criativa" alguma. Essa conclus&#227;o foi obtida ap&#243;s an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada. &#201; pura estat&#237;stica.</p>
        <p>Finalizando, gostar&#237;amos de agradecer &#224; UFF pela carta enviada ao editor dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, e ao estimado Dr. Whady Hueb, por seu minieditorial. A discuss&#227;o produtiva e a produ&#231;&#227;o cientifica certamente ajuda a engrandecer ainda mais a nossa admirada cardiologia brasileira.</p>
      </body>
      <back>
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