Arq Bras Cardiol abc Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia Arq. Bras. Cardiol. 0066-782X 1678-4170 Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC kP6CVFxmpYPkq7GMg44J5cq S0066-782X2019000500553 10.5935/abc.20190085 Short Editorial Cardioprotective Effects of Resistance Training on Obesity 0000-0003-4829-9606 Cezar Marcelo Diarcadia Mariano 1 0000-0003-1865-0207 Pagan Luana Urbano 2 0000-0002-7623-8918 Damatto Ricardo Luiz 1 0000-0002-3119-5723 Lima Aline 2 0000-0001-5613-1585 Gomes Mariana Janini 2 Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Agrárias de Itapeva Itapeva SP Brazil Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Agrárias de Itapeva (FAIT), Itapeva, SP - Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Botucatu SP Brazil Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP - Brazil Mailing Address: Marcelo Diarcadia Mariano Cezar, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Agrárias de Itapeva (FAIT) - Rodovia Francisco Alves Negrão, km 285 Itapeva, SP - Brazil. E-mail: marcelocezar@fait.edu.br 06 06 2019 05 2019 112 5 553 554 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Keywords Obesity/complications Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality Diabetes Mellitus Hypertension Mice Diet, High-fat Exercise Quality of Life

Obesity is characterized as a complex metabolic disorder and is associated with several complications such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, renal dysfunction, liver dysfunction and cancer, resulting in impairment of quality of life.1

The pathogenesis of obesity has a multifactorial origin and the oxidative stress may play an important role. Studies on animals and cell culture have reported how oxidative stress can contribute to the development of obesity, causing increased preadipocytes proliferation, adipocyte differentiation, and size of mature adipocytes, resulting in increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).2,3

Experimental model of high fat diet-induced obesity aims to reproduce the characteristics observed in human, such as the development of cardiovascular abnormalities.4,5 The study of Effting et al.6 evaluated the effects of resistance training on parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation in mice with high fat diet-induced obesity.

Currently, regular physical exercise has been recommended for the treatment of obesity. Exercise practicing results in numerous health benefits, such as improvement in body composition, physical capacity, insulin resistance, endothelial function, arterial hypertension, antioxidant status and quality of life.7,8

Data presented by the authors of the article "Resistance Exercise Modulates Oxidative Stress Parameters and TNF-α Content in the Heart of Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity" showed important cardioprotective effects of resistance training, which resulted in decreased levels of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species, modulation of antioxidant enzymes activity and a decrease in myocardial TNF-α concentration of obese mice6. Similarly, Alves et al.9 observed that eight weeks of resistance exercise was associated with an improvement on inflammatory profile in the heart of rats with myocardial infarction.

The effects of resistance exercise on oxidative stress have been investigated mainly in skeletal muscle.10-12 There are few studies evaluating the effects of resistance exercise on the redox status of the cardiac muscle in the literature. Therefore, Effting et al.6 presented relevant data supporting resistance exercise as a therapeutic approach to obesity, being able to prevent or mitigate metabolic changes and improve the quality of life.

Short Editorial related to the article: Resistance Exercise Modulates Oxidative Stress Parameters and TNF-α Content in the Heart of Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity

 References 1 Manna P, Jain SK. Obesity, oxidative stress, adipose tissue dysfunction, and the associated health risks: causes and therapeutic strategies. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2015;13(10):423-44. Manna P Jain SK Obesity, oxidative stress, adipose tissue dysfunction, and the associated health risks: causes and therapeutic strategies Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2015 13 10 423 444 2 Furukawa S, Fujita T, Shimabukuro M, Iwaki M, Yamada Y, Nakajima Y, et al. Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest. 2004;114(12):1752-61. Furukawa S Fujita T Shimabukuro M Iwaki M Yamada Y Nakajima Y Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome J Clin Invest 2004 114 12 1752 1761 3 Higuchi M, Dusting GJ, Peshavariya H, Jiang F, Hsiao ST, Chan EC, et al. Differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into fat involves reactive oxygen species and Forkhead box O1 mediated upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. Stem Cells Dev. 2013;22(6):878-888. Higuchi M Dusting GJ Peshavariya H Jiang F Hsiao ST Chan EC Differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into fat involves reactive oxygen species and Forkhead box O1 mediated upregulation of antioxidant enzymes Stem Cells Dev 2013 22 6 878 888 4 Nascimento TB, Baptista RF, Pereira PC, Campos DH, Leopoldo AS, Leopoldo AP, et al. Vascular alterations in high-fat diet-obese rats: role of endothelial L-arginine/NO pathway. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2011;97(1):40-5. Nascimento TB Baptista RF Pereira PC Campos DH Leopoldo AS Leopoldo AP Vascular alterations in high-fat diet-obese rats: role of endothelial L-arginine/NO pathway Arq Bras Cardiol 2011 97 1 40 45 5 Martins F, Campos DHS, Pagan LU, Martinez PF, Okoshi K, Okoshi MP, et al. High-fat diet promotes cardiac remodeling in an experimental model of obesity. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2015;105(5):479-486. Martins F Campos DHS Pagan LU Martinez PF Okoshi K Okoshi MP High-fat diet promotes cardiac remodeling in an experimental model of obesity Arq Bras Cardiol 2015 105 5 479 486 6 Effting PS, Brescianini SMS, Sorato HR, Fernandes BB, Fidelis GSP, Silva PRL, et al. Resistance exercise modulates oxidative stress parameters and TNF-α content in the heart of mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019; 112(5):545-552. Effting PS Brescianini SMS Sorato HR Fernandes BB Fidelis GSP Silva PRL Resistance exercise modulates oxidative stress parameters and TNF- α content in the heart of mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet Arq Bras Cardiol 2019 112 5 545 552 7 Gomes MJ, Martinez PF, Pagan LU, Damatto RL, Cezar MDM, Lima ARR, et al. Skeletal muscle aging: influence of oxidative stress and physical exercise. Oncotarget. 2017;8(12):20428-40. Gomes MJ Martinez PF Pagan LU Damatto RL Cezar MDM Lima ARR Skeletal muscle aging: influence of oxidative stress and physical exercise Oncotarget 2017 8 12 20428 20440 8 Pagan LU, Gomes MJ, Okoshi MP. Endothelial function and physical exercise. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018;111(4):540-1. Pagan LU Gomes MJ Okoshi MP Endothelial function and physical exercise Arq Bras Cardiol 2018 111 4 540 541 9 Alves JP, Nunes RB, Stefani GP, Dal Lago P. Resistance training improves hemodynamic function, collagen deposition and inflammatory profiles: experimental model of heart failure. PLoS One. 2014;9(10):e110317. Alves JP Nunes RB Stefani GP Dal Lago P Resistance training improves hemodynamic function, collagen deposition and inflammatory profiles: experimental model of heart failure PLoS One 2014 9 10 e110317 10 Scheffer DL, Silva LA, Tromm CB, da Rosa GL, Silveira PC, de Souza CT, et al. Impact of different resistance training protocols on muscular oxidative stress parameters. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012;37(6):1239-46. Scheffer DL Silva LA Tromm CB da Rosa GL Silveira PC de Souza CT Impact of different resistance training protocols on muscular oxidative stress parameters Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012 37 6 1239 1246 11 Cai M, Wang Q, Liu Z, Jia D, Feng R, Tian Z. Effects of different types of exercise on skeletal muscle atrophy, antioxidant capacity and growth factors expression following myocardial infarction. Life Sci. 2018;213:40-9. Cai M Wang Q Liu Z Jia D Feng R Tian Z Effects of different types of exercise on skeletal muscle atrophy, antioxidant capacity and growth factors expression following myocardial infarction Life Sci 2018 213 40 49 12 Vilela TC, Effting PS, Dos Santos PG, Farias H, Paganini L, Rebelo SH, et al. Aerobic and strength training induce changes in oxidative stress parameters and elicit modifications of various cellular components in skeletal muscle of aged rats. Exp Gerontol. 2018;106:21-7. Vilela TC Effting PS Dos Santos PG Farias H Paganini L Rebelo SH Aerobic and strength training induce changes in oxidative stress parameters and elicit modifications of various cellular components in skeletal muscle of aged rats Exp Gerontol 2018 106 21 27 Minieditorial Efeito Cardioprotetor do Exercício Resistido na Obesidade 0000-0003-4829-9606 Cezar Marcelo Diarcadia Mariano 1 0000-0003-1865-0207 Pagan Luana Urbano 2 0000-0002-7623-8918 Damatto Ricardo Luiz 1 0000-0002-3119-5723 Lima Aline 2 0000-0001-5613-1585 Gomes Mariana Janini 2 Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Agrárias de Itapeva (FAIT), Itapeva, SP - Brasil Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP - Brasil Correspondência: Marcelo Diarcadia Mariano Cezar, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Agrárias de Itapeva (FAIT) - Rodovia Francisco Alves Negrão, km 285 Itapeva, SP - Brasil. E-mail: marcelocezar@fait.edu.br Palavras-chave Obesidade/complicações Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade Diabetes Mellitus Hipertensão Camundongos Dieta Hiperlipídica Exercício Qualidade de Vida

Obesidade é uma doença caracterizada por complexo distúrbio metabólico e associada a diversas complicações, como doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes, disfunção renal, disfunção hepática e câncer, resultando em prejuízo da qualidade de vida.1

A patogênese da obesidade tem origem multifatorial, entre os fatores destaca-se o estresse oxidativo (EO). Estudos em cultura celular e com animais relatam como o EO pode contriuir para o desenvolvimento da obesidade, causando aumento da proliferação de pré-adipócitos, diferenciação de adipócitos e tamanho dos adipócitos maduros, que resulta em maior produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, como o fator de necrose tumoral alpha (TNF-α).2,3

O modelo de obesidade induzida por dieta hiperlipídica em animais tem como objetivo mimetizar as características observadas no humano, tais como o desenvolvimento de anormalidades cardiovasculares.4,5 O estudo de Effting et al.,6 utilizou animais com obesidade induzida por dieta hiperlipídica e verificou os efeitos do treinamento resistido sobre parâmetros de EO e inflamatório.

Atualmente, dentre as recomendações para o tratamento da obesidade, destaca-se o exercício físico regular, resultando em diversos benefícios, como: melhora da composição corporal, capacidade física, resistência à insulina, função endotelial, hipertensão arterial, defesa antioxidante e qualidade de vida.7,8

Os resultados apresentados pelos autores do artigo "Exercício Resistido Modula Parâmetros de Estresse Oxidativo e Conteúdo de TNF-α no Coração de Camundongos com Obesidade Induzida por Dieta", demonstraram importante efeito cardioprotetor do treinamento resistido, que resultou em diminuição dos níveis de peroxidação lipídica e espécies reativas de oxigênio, modulação da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes e diminuição da concentração do TNF-α no miocárdio de camundongos obesos.6 Da mesma forma, Alves et al.,9 observaram que oito semanas de exercício resistido melhora o perfil inflamatório no coração de ratos com infarto do miocárdio.

Os efeitos do exercício resistido sobre o EO têm sido investigados principalmente no músculo esquelético.10-12 Estudos que avaliaram efeitos do exercício resistido sobre o status redox do músculo cardíaco são escassos na literatura. Portanto, Effting et al.,6 apresentaram dados relevantes sobre o exercício resistido como abordagem terapêutica da obesidade, sendo aliado no combate às alterações metabólicas e manutenção da qualidade de vida.

Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Exercício Resistido Modula Parâmetros de Estresse Oxidativo e Conteúdo de TNF-α no Coração de Camundongos com Obesidade Induzida por Dieta