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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">fPBNrJvKhRGrQKVWDsGGZLd</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000500543</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190081</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Control of Body Temperature during Physical Exercise</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7623-8918</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Damatto,</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo Luiz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4829-9606</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cezar,</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo Diarcadia Mariano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1159-5030</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Priscila Portugal dos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Sociedade Cultural e Educacional de Itapeva</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Itapeva</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Sociedade Cultural e Educacional de Itapeva - Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica, Itapeva, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual Paulista J&#250;lio de Mesquita Filho Campus de Botucatu</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Botucatu</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual Paulista J&#250;lio de Mesquita Filho Campus de Botucatu - Faculdade de Medicina, Botucatu, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Ricardo Luiz Damatto,</bold> Sociedade Cultural e Educacional de Itapeva - Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica - Rod. Francisco Alves Negr&#227;o, 258 - km 285. Postal Code 18412-000, Itapeva, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>ridamatto@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>06</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>112</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>543</fpage>
      <lpage>544</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Exercise</kwd>
        <kwd>Rats</kwd>
        <kwd>Rats, Inbred SHR/physiology</kwd>
        <kwd>Body Temperature Regulation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Physical exercise is currently recommended for health promotion and as a non-pharmacological treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Regular exercise results in improved body composition and physical capacity, as well as decreased insulin resistance and arterial hypertension, leading to ameliorated quality of life.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
		</p>
    <p>During exercise, heat is a by-product of metabolism, which leads to increased body temperature. However, the human body needs to maintain a stable temperature, around 37&#186;C, using neural and cardiovascular mechanisms. The temperature-regulating center is found in the anterior hypothalamus. It receives information on the ambient temperature, through the skin thermoreceptors, and on the internal temperature, through the hypothalamic thermoreceptors. Thus, the hypothalamus promotes appropriate responses of heat generation or dissipation, which involve arteriovenous redistribution of blood.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Therefore, individuals with cardiovascular comorbidities such as type II diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and arterial hypertension may present impairment of thermoregulation mechanisms.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
		</p>
    <p>In order to study and evaluate hypertension, Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) are commonly used as a model, since they resemble the condition found in humans.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Therefore, the Gomes et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> used SHR rats to evaluate the effects of low-intensity physical exercise training on thermal balance.</p>
    <p>After 12 weeks of exercise protocol, the Gomes et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> showed a reduction in blood pressure in trained SHR. In addition, trained SHR presented lower skin temperature than trained Wistar. This show an impaired heat dissipation in SHR. However, physical exercise did not influence the promotion of positive adaptations on thermoregulation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
		</p>
    <p>In humans, heat dissipation responses involve increased sweating, as the main mechanism, and cutaneous active vasodilation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Thermoregulatory responses in rats are different. Cutaneous vasodilation of the tail is the main mechanism of heat dissipation in this species, accounting for 40% of heat loss during exercise.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> This mechanism can be activated by central cholinergic stimulation via modulation of arterial baroreceptors by increasing the blood flow of the rat&#180;s tail.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> Additionally, vasodilation of the skin of the feet, the evaporation of saliva spread onto the body surface, the evaporation of water from the respiratory tract and even voluntary urination associated with urine spreading activity may also contribute to the total heat dissipation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Considering the relationship between the cardiovascular system and the regulation of body temperature, hypertension can affect the mechanisms of heat dissipation. In SHR rats, for example, decreased baroreceptor sensitivity, sympathetic hyperactivity, which leads to increased peripheral resistance, and endothelial dysfunction may impair cutaneous vasodilation of the tail and, consequently, heat dissipation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
		</p>
    <p>In fact, the Gomes et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> found lower skin temperature in trained SHR than in trained Wistar. This shows a lower heat dissipation in hypertensive animals during exercise. However, the author did not observe alterations in the internal temperature, heat dissipation threshold, sensitivity and cumulative heat normalized by the work. One possible explanation is that other mechanisms of heat dissipation, besides cutaneous vasodilation of the tail, may have been used by these animals.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Thermoregulation in Hypertensive Rats during Exercise: Effects of Physical Training</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Controle da Temperatura Corporal durante o Exerc&#237;cio F&#237;sico</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7623-8918</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Damatto,</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo Luiz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4829-9606</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cezar,</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo Diarcadia Mariano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1159-5030</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Priscila Portugal dos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Sociedade Cultural e Educacional de Itapeva - Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica, Itapeva, SP - Brasil</institution>
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      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual Paulista J&#250;lio de Mesquita Filho Campus de Botucatu -Faculdade de Medicina, Botucatu, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2">Correspond<bold>&#234;ncia: Ricardo Luiz Damatto,</bold> Sociedade Cultural e Educacional de Itapeva - Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica - Rod. Francisco Alves Negr&#227;o, 258 - km 285. CEP 18412-000, Itapeva, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>ridamatto@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Exerc&#237;cio</kwd>
        <kwd>Ratos</kwd>
        <kwd>Ratos Endog&#226;micos SHR/fisiologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Regula&#231;&#227;o de Temperatura Corporal</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Os exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos t&#234;m sido preconizados para a promo&#231;&#227;o da sa&#250;de e o tratamento n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gico de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares. A pr&#225;tica regular de exerc&#237;cios resulta em melhora na composi&#231;&#227;o corporal e capacidade f&#237;sica, al&#233;m de diminui&#231;&#227;o da resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina e da hipertens&#227;o arterial, melhorando assim a qualidade de vida.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Durante o exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico, o calor &#233; subproduto do pr&#243;prio metabolismo, aumentando a temperatura corporal. Entretanto, o corpo humano precisa manter a temperatura est&#225;vel, em torno de 37&#186;C, utilizando-se de mecanismos neurais e cardiovasculares. O centro neural regulador da temperatura est&#225; localizado no hipot&#225;lamo anterior e recebe informa&#231;&#227;o sobre a temperatura ambiente de termorreceptores da pele, e sobre a temperatura interna, dos termorreceptores no pr&#243;prio hipot&#225;lamo anterior. A seguir, o hipot&#225;lamo organiza respostas apropriadas de gera&#231;&#227;o ou dissipa&#231;&#227;o de calor, as quais v&#227;o envolver a redistribui&#231;&#227;o arteriovenosa do sangue.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Sendo assim, indiv&#237;duos que apresentem comorbidades cardiovasculares como diabetes tipo II, hipercolesterolemia e hipertens&#227;o arterial podem apresentar os mecanismos de termorregula&#231;&#227;o prejudicados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Para estudo e avalia&#231;&#227;o de condi&#231;&#245;es de hipertens&#227;o, ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) s&#227;o comumente utilizados como modelo, pois mimetizam a condi&#231;&#227;o encontrada no humano.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Assim, o autor Gomes et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> utilizou ratos SHR para avaliar os efeitos do treinamento f&#237;sico de baixa intensidade sobre o balan&#231;o t&#233;rmico.</p>
      <p>Ap&#243;s 12 semanas de protocolo de exerc&#237;cios, Gomes et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> mostraram redu&#231;&#227;o na press&#227;o arterial nos animais hipertensos treinados. Como esperado, os animais SHR treinados apresentaram menor temperatura da pele quando comparados aos animais Wistar treinados, mostrando piora da dissipa&#231;&#227;o de calor. Entretanto, n&#227;o houve influ&#234;ncia do exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico na promo&#231;&#227;o de adapta&#231;&#245;es positivas sobre a termorregula&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Em humanos, as respostas de dissipa&#231;&#227;o de calor envolvem o aumento da sudorese, principal mecanismo, e a vasodilata&#231;&#227;o cut&#226;nea.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> As respostas termorregulat&#243;rias em ratos s&#227;o um pouco diferentes dos seres humanos. A vasodilata&#231;&#227;o cauda-pele &#233; o principal mecanismo de perda de calor nesta esp&#233;cie, respondendo por 40% da dissipa&#231;&#227;o de calor.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Esse mecanismo pode ser ativado pela estimula&#231;&#227;o colin&#233;rgica central via modula&#231;&#227;o dos barorreceptores arteriais aumentando o fluxo sangu&#237;neo da cauda do rato.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> Adicionalmente, a vasodilata&#231;&#227;o da pele dos p&#233;s, evapora&#231;&#227;o da saliva espalhada na superf&#237;cie do corpo, evapora&#231;&#227;o da &#225;gua do trato respirat&#243;rio, e at&#233; a mic&#231;&#227;o volunt&#225;ria associada &#224; atividade de espalhamento da urina tamb&#233;m podem contribuir para a dissipa&#231;&#227;o total do calor.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Tendo em vista a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o sistema cardiovascular e a regula&#231;&#227;o da temperatura corporal, a hipertens&#227;o arterial pode afetar os mecanismos de dissipa&#231;&#227;o de calor. Em ratos SHR por exemplo, a diminui&#231;&#227;o da sensibilidade dos barorreceptores, bem como hiperatividade simp&#225;tica, a qual leva ao aumento da resist&#234;ncia perif&#233;rica, e a disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial podem prejudicar a vasodilata&#231;&#227;o cut&#226;nea da cauda e, consequentemente, a dissipa&#231;&#227;o de calor.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
			</p>
      <p>De fato, Gomes et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> encontraram menor temperatura da pele nos animais SHR treinados do que nos animais Wistar treinados, mostrando uma piora na dissipa&#231;&#227;o de calor nos animais hipertensos durante o exerc&#237;cio. Entretanto, o autor n&#227;o observou altera&#231;&#245;es na temperatura interna, limiar de dissipa&#231;&#227;o do calor, sensibilidade termoefetora e ac&#250;mulo de calor normalizado pelo trabalho. Uma poss&#237;vel explica&#231;&#227;o &#233; que os animais podem ter feito uso dos outros mecanismos de dissipa&#231;&#227;o de calor que n&#227;o a vasodilata&#231;&#227;o cut&#226;nea.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Termorregula&#231;&#227;o durante o Exerc&#237;cio em Ratos Hipertensos: Efeitos do Treinamento F&#237;sico</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
