<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">vtg83bjBzZtvTKZpjZH9HXC</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000400422</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190074</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Ventricular Pacing of Conventional Pacemakers in the Era of CRT</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5156-8232</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Galv&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Silas dos Santos</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Avan&#231;ado de Ritmologia e Eletrofisiologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
            <state>SP</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro Avan&#231;ado de Ritmologia e Eletrofisiologia (CARE), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Silas dos Santos Galv&#227;o Filho</bold>, Rua Martiniano de Carvalho, 864/702. Postal Code 01321-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>sdsantos@uol.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>15</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>112</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>422</fpage>
      <lpage>423</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Cardiac Pacing,Artificial/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Bradycardia</kwd>
        <kwd>Arrhythmias,Cardiac</kwd>
        <kwd>Pacemaker, Artificial/utilization</kwd>
        <kwd>Remodeling Atrial</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>With the advent of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), and the awareness of the impairment of ventricular systolic function caused by intraventricular conduction disorders, especially left bundle branch block, after more than 50 years of routine use, conventional right univentricular artificial cardiac pacing, particularly in its classical site - the apical region - is now being questioned. In fact, conventional right univentricular pacing usually generates a large QRS (often greater than 150 ms), with electrocardiographic pattern of left bundle branch block - more significant signs for the diagnosis of ventricular dyssynchrony that may require CRT.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Some studies have shown impairment of right univentricular pacing in patients with pacemakers compared to normal ventricular activation,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> which prompted the development of algorithms of minimal ventricular pacing, favoring exclusive atrial pacing in currently available dual-chamber pacemakers, which have shown some benefits. However, when the reestablishment of heart rate requires ventricular pacing (in cases of AV blocks), these algorithms cannot be used. Other studies have shown deterioration of ventricular systolic function after initiation of right univentricular pacing.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> In order to minimize any impairment of right univentricular pacing in cases where it is necessary, multiple pacing sites have been tried:<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> (outflow tract, mid-septal, inferior-septal, etc.) and, although no further evidence has been achieved, today, mid-septal pacing is the most commonly method in conventional pacemaker implants, to the detriment of apical pacing.</p>
    <p>Special Hisian pacing presents good results<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> and has been shown to be the best site of univentricular pacing in terms of activation synchrony. However, some problems, such as: high pacing thresholds, low endocavitary potentials, oversensing of atrial potential, and implantation difficulties at this site, still need to be considered for this type of ventricular pacing to be routinely used in patients with recommendation of pacemaker.</p>
    <p>Exclusive left ventricular pacing has been proposed as an alternative to CRT in patients with CHF requiring ventricular pacing,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> and did not deliver any considerable benefits in these patients. The manuscript &#8220;Efficacy, Safety, and Performance of Left vs. Right Ventricular Pacing in Patients with Bradyarrhythmias: A Randomized Clinical Trial&#8221;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> is a well-designed original study that compared these two types of pacing in patients with preserved cardiac function and recommendation for conventional pacemaker. The findings of that study showed low success rate and safety in the implantation of LV electrode via the coronary sinus, contradicting the initial assumption and questioning the appropriateness of proposing left ventricular pacing via the coronary sinus as an option for conventional endocardial right ventricular pacing in patients with recommendation of pacemaker. These findings, however, have been impaired by the small number of patients included and the use of a electrode for LV pacing, which is highly associated with low-performance and complication, not reproducing much better results in the literature for this type of procedure.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Although it is contested, especially in patients with cardiac systolic dysfunction, where some guidelines recommend that preference should be given to biventricular pacing,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> right univentricular pacing persists and is routinely used in patients with recommendation of conventional pacemakers who have preserved ventricular function, and there is no consensus as to the best site of pacing. However, preference is given to the septal region.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Efficacy, Safety, and Performance of Isolated Left vs. Right Ventricular Pacing in Patients with Bradyarrhythmias: A Randomized Controlled Trial</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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        <mixed-citation>12 Linde C, Abraham WT, Gold MR, St John Sutton M, Ghio S, Daubert C; REVERSE (REsynchronization reVErses Remodeling in Systolic left vEntricular dysfunction) Study Group. Randomized trial of cardiac resynchronization in mildly symptomatic heart failure patients and in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction and previous heart failure symptoms. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(23):1834-43.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Linde</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Abraham</surname>
              <given-names>WT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gold</surname>
              <given-names>MR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>St John Sutton</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ghio</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Daubert</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <collab>REVERSE (REsynchronization reVErses Remodeling in Systolic left vEntricular dysfunction) Study Group</collab>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Randomized trial of cardiac resynchronization in mildly symptomatic heart failure patients and in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction and previous heart failure symptoms</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2008</year>
          <volume>52</volume>
          <issue>23</issue>
          <fpage>1834</fpage>
          <lpage>1843</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Estimula&#231;&#227;o Ventricular dos Marca-passos Convencionais em Tempos de TRC</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5156-8232</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Galv&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Silas dos Santos</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Centro Avan&#231;ado de Ritmologia e Eletrofisiologia (CARE), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Silas dos Santos Galv&#227;o Filho</bold>, Rua Martiniano de Carvalho, 864/702. CEP 01321-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>sdsantos@uol.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Estimula&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Artificial/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Bradicardia</kwd>
        <kwd>Arritmias Card&#237;acas</kwd>
        <kwd>Marca-passo Artificial/utiliza&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Remodelamento Atrial</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Com o advento da terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca (TRC), e a conscientiza&#231;&#227;o do preju&#237;zo na fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica ventricular causado pelos dist&#250;rbios de condu&#231;&#227;o intraventricular, principalmente o bloqueio de ramo esquerdo, ap&#243;s mais de 50 anos de utiliza&#231;&#227;o rotineira, passou-se a questionar a estimula&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca artificial univentricular direita convencional principalmente em seu s&#237;tio cl&#225;ssico, a regi&#227;o apical. Na realidade, a estimula&#231;&#227;o univentricular direita convencional gera na maioria das vezes um QRS largo (frequentemente superior a 150 ms), com padr&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fico de bloqueio do ramo esquerdo, sinais maiores para o diagn&#243;stico de dissincronia ventricular pass&#237;vel de indica&#231;&#227;o de TRC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Alguns estudos mostraram o preju&#237;zo da estimula&#231;&#227;o univentricular direita nos portadores de marca-passos, quando comparados a ativa&#231;&#227;o ventricular normal,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> o que motivou o desenvolvimento de algoritmos de m&#237;nima estimula&#231;&#227;o ventricular, privilegiando a estimula&#231;&#227;o atrial exclusiva nos marca-passos de dupla c&#226;mara atuais, tendo mostrado alguns benef&#237;cios. Entretanto quando o restabelecimento da frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca pressup&#245;e a estimula&#231;&#227;o ventricular (nos casos de bloqueios atriais ventriculares) esses algoritmos n&#227;o podem ser utilizados. Outros estudos mostraram a deteriora&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica ventricular ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio da estimula&#231;&#227;o univentricular direita.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Objetivando minimizar o eventual preju&#237;zo da estimula&#231;&#227;o univentricular direita nos casos em que esta &#233; necess&#225;ria, v&#225;rios s&#237;tios de estimula&#231;&#227;o foram tentados:<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> (via de sa&#237;da, m&#233;dio-septal, septal-inferior etc.) e, apesar de n&#227;o se ter conseguido maiores evidencias, hoje a estimula&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dio-septal &#233; a mais utilizada nos implantes de marca-passo convencional, em detrimento da estimula&#231;&#227;o apical.</p>
      <p>A estimula&#231;&#227;o especial Hissiana apresenta bons resultados<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> e vem se mostrando como o melhor s&#237;tio de estimula&#231;&#227;o univentricular em termos de sincronia da ativa&#231;&#227;o. Entretanto, alguns problemas como: limiares altos de estimula&#231;&#227;o, baixos potenciais endocavit&#225;rios, oversensing de potencial atrial e dificuldades de implante nessa regi&#227;o, ainda precisam ser equacionados para essa modalidade de estimula&#231;&#227;o ventricular ser utilizada rotineiramente nos pacientes com indica&#231;&#227;o de marca-passo.</p>
      <p>A estimula&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda exclusiva foi proposta como alternativa &#224; TRC em pacientes com ICC e necessidade de estimula&#231;&#227;o ventricular,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> n&#227;o tendo mostrado grandes benef&#237;cios nesses pacientes. O trabalho &#8220;Efic&#225;cia, Seguran&#231;a e Desempenho da Estimula&#231;&#227;o Ventricular Esquerda versus Direita em Pacientes com Bradiarritmias: Ensaio Cl&#237;nico Randomizado&#8221;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> &#233; um estudo original bem desenhado para fazer a compara&#231;&#227;o entre esses dois tipos de estimula&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca preservada e indica&#231;&#227;o convencional de marca-passo. Os resultados desse estudo mostraram baixa taxa de sucesso e seguran&#231;a no implante do eletrodo de VE via seio coronariano, contrariando a hip&#243;tese inicial e questionando a corre&#231;&#227;o de se propor a estimula&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda via seio coronariano como op&#231;&#227;o da estimula&#231;&#227;o ventricular direita endoc&#225;rdica convencional em pacientes com indica&#231;&#227;o de marca-passo. Esses resultados, entretanto, foram prejudicados pelo pequeno n&#250;mero de pacientes inclu&#237;dos e pelo uso de um &#250;nico eletrodo para estimula&#231;&#227;o de VE de baixa performance e muito relacionado a complica&#231;&#245;es, n&#227;o reproduzindo resultados bem melhores apresentados na literatura para esse tipo de procedimento.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Apesar de ser contestada, principalmente em pacientes portadores de disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica card&#237;aca, onde algumas diretrizes j&#225; orientam a prefer&#234;ncia pela estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> a estimula&#231;&#227;o univentricular direita persiste, sendo utilizada rotineiramente nos pacientes com indica&#231;&#227;o de marca-passos convencionais que apresentem fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular preservada, n&#227;o existindo ainda consenso de qual o melhor s&#237;tio de estimula&#231;&#227;o, dando-se, entretanto, prefer&#234;ncia &#224; regi&#227;o septal.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Efic&#225;cia, Seguran&#231;a e Desempenho da Estimula&#231;&#227;o Ventricular Esquerda versus Direita em Pacientes com Bradiarritmias: Ensaio Cl&#237;nico Randomizado</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
