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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">mmTp9Vq8HTLryRg4wYjwVzg</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000200193</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190015</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Review Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Year in Cardiology 2018: ABC Cardiol and RPC at a glance</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fontes-Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0737-6188</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Glaucia Maria Moraes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9255-3064</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gon&#231;alves</surname>
            <given-names>Lino</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4505-3344</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rochitte</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Eduardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">7</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">8</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Vila Nova de Gaia</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia - Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia, Vila Nova de Gaia - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Porto</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Porto</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia - Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade do Porto, Porto - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Rio de Janeiro</city>
          <state>RJ</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o Edson Saad</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Rio de Janeiro</city>
          <state>RJ</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o Edson Saad - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Hospitalar e Universit&#225;rio de Coimbra</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Coimbra</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia - Centro Hospitalar e Universit&#225;rio de Coimbra, Coimbra - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>6</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Coimbra</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Coimbra</city>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7">
        <label>7</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8">
        <label>8</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
          <state>SP</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o (HCOR), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1">Mailing Address: Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - R. Prof. Rodolpho P. Rocco, 255 - 8&#176;. Andar - Sala 6, UFRJ. Postal Code 21941-913, Cidade Universit&#225;ria, RJ - Brazil. E-mail: <email>glauciam@cardiol.br</email>, <email>glauciamoraesoliveira@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research, writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Fontes-Carvalho R, Oliveira GMM, Oliveira GMM, Rochitte CE.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>112</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>193</fpage>
      <lpage>200</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Periodicals/trends</kwd>
        <kwd>Scientific and Technical Activities/trends</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention and control</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomyopathies</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Valve Diseases</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Portuguese is the sixth most spoken language worldwide, by 244 million speakers, the fifth most commonly used language over the Internet, by almost 83 million cybernauts, and the third most commonly used language in the social media <italic>Facebook</italic> and <italic>Twitter</italic>. Portuguese is the official language of eight countries (Portugal, Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Sao Tome and Principe, and Timor-Leste). Despite the incorporation of native words, and the grammatical and pronunciation changes characteristic of each country, their languages remain united and they share many important health problems such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Currently, two journals are published in the Portuguese language all over the world, Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (Rev Port Cardiol) and Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (currently nicknamed ABC Cardiol), and both published the best papers in the Portuguese language.</p>
    <p>Rev Port Cardiol, also known as Portuguese Journal of Cardiology, is the official scientific journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology. With more than 35 years of uninterrupted scientific activity, it is now a prestigious international journal with global visibility.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
		</p>
    <p>The histories of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology and ABC Cardiol have been completely interlaced since the beginning, and in 2018 ABC Cardiol completed 70 years of existence. ABC Cardiol is an open access publication, scientific home, reading for all the 14,000 cardiologists and members of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, with almost one third of its articles coming from international authors. ABC Cardiol is indexed in the main databases and has the best Impact Factor for journals in the area of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences in Latin America.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Every year both journals publish dozens of high-quality scientific articles. In the year 2018, Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia has published a total of 194 papers, with 62 original articles, and ABC Cardiol published a total of 240 papers, with 96 being original articles. The selection of the 10 best research papers (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tables 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">2</xref>) from both journals is always a difficult endeavor, given their overall high scientific quality. Moreover, in the absence of specific metrics, this selection is always imperfect and influenced by some degree of subjectivity. Nonetheless, a judging committee composed by highly selected scientists in the field brings us probably the fairest results for the top ten articles in these Journals. Both journals have also published several important review papers, which were out of the scope of this selection.</p>
    <table-wrap id="t1">
      <label>Table 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>List of the 10 best original articles published in 2018 in Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia</title>
      </caption>
      <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
        <colgroup>
          <col width="20%"/>
          <col width="80%"/>
        </colgroup>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left">Author</th>
            <th align="center">Title _link</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Tim&#243;teo A et al.</td>
            <td align="center">Portuguese Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ProACS): 15 years of a continuous and prospective registry<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2174204918301983">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2174204918301983</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Monteiro P et al.</td>
            <td align="center">The SAFIRA study: A reflection on the prevalence and treatment patterns of atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular risk factors in 7500 elderly subjects<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2174204918300849">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2174204918300849</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Pereira H et al.</td>
            <td align="center">Factors influencing the patient delay to primary angioplasty in myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (STEMI): the Stent for life initiative in Portugal<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117300811">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117300811</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Menezes MN et al.</td>
            <td align="center">Comparative analysis of fractional flow reserve and instantaneous wave-free ratio: Results of a five-year registry<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S217420491830134X">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S217420491830134X</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Cardim N et al.</td>
            <td align="center">The Portuguese Registry of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Overall results<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117305425">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117305425</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Andrade N et al.</td>
            <td align="center">Knowledge about cardiovascular disease in Portugal<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117306832">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117306832</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Tim&#243;teo A et al.</td>
            <td align="center">What is the role of beta-blockers in a contemporary treatment cohort of patients with acute coronary syndrome? A propensity-score matching analysis<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S217420491830388X">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S217420491830388X</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Fontes-Carvalho R et al.</td>
            <td align="center">Left atrial deformation analysis by speckle tracking echocardiography to predict exercise capacity after myocardial infarction<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2174204918303520">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2174204918303520</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Rodrigues PM et al.</td>
            <td align="center">Body adiposity is associated with risk of high blood pressure in Portuguese schoolchildren<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2174204918301259">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2174204918301259</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Pereira-da-Silva T et al.</td>
            <td align="center">Optimizing risk stratification in heart failure and the selection of candidates for heart transplantation<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117300641">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117300641</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </table-wrap>
    <table-wrap id="t2">
      <label>Table 2</label>
      <caption>
        <title>List of the 10 best original articles published in 2018 in ABC Cardiol</title>
      </caption>
      <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
        <colgroup>
          <col width="20%"/>
          <col width="80%"/>
        </colgroup>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left">Author</th>
            <th align="center">Title - link</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Nascimento BR et al.</td>
            <td align="center">Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology in Portuguese-Speaking Countries: data from the Global Burden of Disease, 1990 to 2016<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018000600500&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en&amp;ORIGINALLANG=en">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018000600500&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en&amp;ORIGINALLANG=en</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Farsky PS et al.</td>
            <td align="center">Persistent Inflammatory Activity in Blood Cells and Artery Tissue from Patients with Previous Bare Metal Stent<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001400134&amp;lng=pt&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en&amp;ORIGINALLANG=en">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001400134&amp;lng=pt&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en&amp;ORIGINALLANG=en</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Borges JMDM et al.</td>
            <td align="center">Factors Associated with Inadequate Management of Antiplatelet Agents in Perioperative Period of Non-Cardiac Surgeries<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001600596&amp;lng=es&amp;nrm=i&amp;tlng=en&amp;ORIGINALLANG=en">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001600596&amp;lng=es&amp;nrm=i&amp;tlng=en&amp;ORIGINALLANG=en</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">de Souza e Silva CG et al.</td>
            <td align="center">Up to 15-Year Survival of Men and Women after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Paid by the Brazilian Public Healthcare System in the State of Rio de Janeiro, 1999-2010<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001600553&amp;lng=pt&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en&amp;ORIGINALLANG=en">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001600553&amp;lng=pt&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en&amp;ORIGINALLANG=en</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Stephan LS et al.</td>
            <td align="center">Oral Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation: Development and Evaluation of a Mobile Health Application to Support Shared Decision-Making<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en&amp;ORIGINALLANG=en">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en&amp;ORIGINALLANG=en</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Gripp EA et al.</td>
            <td align="center">Global Longitudinal Strain Accuracy for Cardiotoxicity Prediction in a Cohort of Breast Cancer Patients During Anthracycline and/or Trastuzumab Treatment<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018000200140&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en&amp;ORIGINALLANG=en">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018000200140&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en&amp;ORIGINALLANG=en</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Miyazaki Y et al.</td>
            <td align="center">The Role of Quantitative Aortographic Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation by Videodensitometry in the Guidance of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001400193&amp;lng=pt&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en&amp;ORIGINALLANG=en">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001400193&amp;lng=pt&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en&amp;ORIGINALLANG=en</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Martins CN et al.</td>
            <td align="center">Mid- and Longterm Neo-Aortic Valve Regurgitation after Jatene Surgery: Prevalence and Risk Factors<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0066-782X2018005008104&amp;script=sci_arttext">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0066-782X2018005008104&amp;script=sci_arttext</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Silva DV et al.</td>
            <td align="center">Comparison of Cardiac and Vascular Parameters in Powerlifters and Long-Distance Runners: Comparative Cross-Sectional Study<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001800772">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001800772</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Rodrigues JA et al.</td>
            <td align="center">Physical Exercise and Regulation of Intracellular Calcium in Cardiomyocytes of Hypertensive Rats<break/>
							<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001400172">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001400172</ext-link>
						</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </table-wrap>
    <sec>
      <title>Coronary artery disease</title>
      <p>In 2018, Rev Port Cardiol reported the 15-year results of the Portuguese Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes (PorACS).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> This is a multi-center, continuous, and ongoing registry which has already involved more than 45,000 events, from 45 centers. It is one of the largest national registries in this field, which is only exceeded by the SWEDEHEART<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> and the MINAP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> registries. This article provides very important information about the epidemiology and evolution of ACS treatment. First, it demonstrates that the clinical profile of ACS patients changed little over the years, and the proportion of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remained stable (45%). More importantly, over the years, there has been a major improvement in the overall quality of ACS care. For example, more than 85% of STEMI patients in Portugal now receive reperfusion therapy, which is mainly performed by primary PCI (only 5.2% underwent thrombolysis). This improvement in ACS care led to a remarkable reduction of in-hospital mortality, which decreased from 6.7% in 2002 to 2.5% in 2016. Therefore, the cardiovascular community must be acknowledged for this striking achievement. Nevertheless, the work is not finished, and this study also shows important gaps in ACS care that should be addressed. Unfortunately, time-to-reperfusion has not improved sufficiently, and there is an urgent need to improve both the &#8220;patient-delay&#8221; and &#8220;system-delay&#8221; times.</p>
      <p>In another interesting article published in 2018, Pereira H. et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> evaluated the determinants of this &#8220;patient-delay&#8221; time in the Portuguese health system in 994 patients with suspected STEMI. Although most healthcare systems focus their performance measures in the evaluation of &#8220;door-to-balloon times&#8221;,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> it is important to understand and address the reasons for this &#8220;patient-delay time&#8221;, which means the time from symptom onset to the first medical contact.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> The investigators observed that patient-delay time was too long (about 120 minutes) and identified five predictors of increased patient-delay: 1) age &gt; 75 years; 2) symptom onset between 0:00 and 8:00 a.m.; 3) attending a primary care unit before first medical contact; 4) not calling the national medical emergency number; and 5) self-transport to the emergency department. Therefore, this article provides important information to plan more effective patient-directed campaigns that can decrease patient-delay time and improve STEMI management and prognosis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The latest 2018 myocardial revascularization guidelines have focused on the importance of hemodynamic assessment of intermediate-grade coronary artery lesions, which can be done either by FFR or iFR.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> iFR is a new technique to access the severity of coronary stenosis, which has the advantage of not requiring the administration of a vasodilator, such as adenosine. Two recently published randomized trials have shown comparable clinical results between these two techniques in patients with intermediate-grade stenosis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> However, some studies have shown that there can be some inconsistencies between the two measurements.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> In a provocative article published in Rev Port Cardiol, Menezes et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> report their experience directly comparing FFR and iFR information in 150 patients. They have demonstrated that, in general, FFR and iFR are concordant, but in a significant proportion of cases (13%) the results differed between the two techniques. Therefore, this article is another important contributor for the ongoing discussion about the underlying mechanisms responsible for this discordance and their clinical implications.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
			</p>
      <p>An issue that remains open in coronary artery disease care is higher mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) in patients with stent. Farsky et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> evaluated inflammatory markers (LIGHT, IL-6, ICAM, VCAM, CD40, NFKB, TNF&#945;, IFN &#947;) in peripheral blood cells and in coronary artery tissue obtained during CABG in patients with stent (n = 41) compared to controls (n = 26). They observed that patients with stent showed higher TNF&#945; (p = 0.03) and lower CD40 gene expression (p = 0.01) in peripheral blood cells than controls without stent. In coronary artery samples, the TNF&#945; protein staining was higher in patients with stent, not only in the intima-media layer (5.16 &#177; 5.05 vs 1.90 &#177; 2.27; p = 0.02), but also in the adipose tissue (6.69 &#177; 3.87 vs 2.27 &#177; 4.00; p &lt; 0.001), which had a higher interleukin-6 protein (p = 0.04). They concluded that higher systemic levels of inflammatory markers in patients with stents may contribute to a worse clinical outcome, contributing to our better understanding of pathophysiological changes that occur in patients with coronary stents who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting.</p>
      <p>Another challenge in coronary artery management is cardiac complications and deaths in the post-operation period of non-cardiac surgeries, mainly due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Antiplatelet agents are the cornerstone for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. Borges et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> conducted a cross-sectional study to assess factors associated with inadequate management of antiplatelet agents in the perioperative period of non-cardiac surgeries. The sample consisted of adult patients undergoing non-cardiac surgeries and who would use acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) or clopidogrel (n = 161). The management failed to comply with the recommendations in the guidelines in 80.75% of the sample. After multivariate analysis it was observed that patients with a higher level of education (OR = 0.24; CI95% 0.07-0.78), and those with a previous episode of AMI (OR = 0.18; CI95% 0.04-0.95) had a higher probability of using a therapy complying with the guidelines. These findings emphasized the importance of a Heart Team to develop a patient-directed educational tool to improve adherence to the treatment of coronary artery disease to patients.</p>
      <p>In medical science, it is important to keep questioning established dogmas. For decades, the use of beta-blockers has been considered a cornerstone of medical therapy after ACS, having a class I or a class IIa indication for patients after STEMI and non-STEMI, respectively.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> However, in the era of reperfusion therapy, several studies have questioned this indication, especially in patients without left ventricular dysfunction.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> In the November issue of Rev Port Cardiol, Timoteo et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> published a new article about this topic which &#8220;adds more fuel to the fire&#8221; to the ongoing discussion. Using a single center registry, they have used propensity score analysis to evaluate the one-year outcome of patients treated with beta-blockers in a sample of 1520 post-ACS patients. They observed that beta-blocker use was an independent predictor of total mortality, including in patients with normal or mildly reduced ejection fraction. This analysis had some limitations. Although they have used propensity score matching, some caution is advised in the interpretation of these results because of residual confounding. Moreover, compliance with treatment and, more importantly, the reasons for not prescribing a beta-blocker could not be assessed in this study. Therefore, this study is important because it reinforces the urgent need to design a pragmatic clinical trial to reassess the effectiveness and safety of beta-blockers in the modern era of reperfusion therapy.</p>
      <p>Also, in medical science, it is important to keep questioning the treatment effectiveness delivered to our patients. De Souza e Silva et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> studied the survival rate of ischemic heart disease adult patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), in the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), from 1999 to 2014, paid by the Brazilian public healthcare system (SUS). They showed data of 19,263 patients (61 &#177; 11 years old, 63.6% men), and survival rates of men vs. women in 30 days, one year and 15 years were: 97.3% (97.0-97.6%) vs. 97.1% (96.6-97.4%), 93.6% (93.2-94.1%) vs. 93.4% (92.8-94.0%), and 55.7% (54.0-57.4%) vs. 58.1% (55.8-60.3%), respectively. They also observed that the oldest age group was associated with lower survival rates in all periods; PCI with stent placement had higher survival rates than those without stent placement during a two-year follow-up, and women had a higher survival rate than men within 15 years after PCI. These findings performed in a real-world population may help physicians to make decisions regarding the indication of PCI, considering the benefits and risks observed with this procedure.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Arrhythmias</title>
      <p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, and a significant risk factor for stroke, heart failure and mortality.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> The SAFIRA study,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> recently published in the RPC journal, aimed to determine the prevalence and epidemiology of AF in a large sample of 7500 elderly Portuguese individuals. The study included a significant subset of 400 individuals that underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring and another subset of 200 individuals which had a 2-week event loop recorder to identify paroxysmal AF. Several interesting data came from this study. First, they observed a very high prevalence (9%) of AF in this elderly population, which was higher than previously reported.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> Second, more than one-third (35.9%) of AF patients were not aware of having the disease, and 18.6% had paroxysmal AF, which reinforces the need for more systematic AF screening.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref> More importantly, in this &#8220;real-world&#8221; study the rates of anticoagulation were very disappointing. Although the mean CHADSVASC score was high (3.5 &#177; 1.2), most AF patients (56.3%) did not receive anticoagulation and only 25.8% were considered to be adequately anticoagulated. Therefore, this study highlights the enormous challenges in the diagnosis and management of AF in elderly patients and the urgent need to implement specific healthcare policies (involving patients, caregivers, doctors and health authorities) that can tackle these important problems.</p>
      <p>As previously mentioned, the treatment of atrial fibrillation is a challenge in clinical practice especially with regard to the use of oral anticoagulants, which are fundamental for the prevention of stroke. Considering the challenges imposed by this sort of treatment, Stephan et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref> hypothesized that mobile health support for shared decision-making may improve patients&#8217; knowledge and optimize the decisional process. The authors developed an application (App aFib) to be used during the clinical visit, including a video about atrial fibrillation, risk calculators, explanatory graphics and information on the drugs available for treatment. In the pilot phase, 30 patients interacted with the application, which was evaluated qualitatively, and through a disease knowledge questionnaire and a decisional conflict scale. The number of correct answers in the questionnaire about the disease was significantly higher after the interaction with the application (from 4.7 &#177; 1.8 to 7.2 &#177; 1.0, p &lt; 0.001), and the decisional conflict scale, administered after selecting the therapy with the app support, resulted in an average of 11 &#177; 16/100 points, indicating a low decisional conflict. Although these were initial findings, the App aFib improves patients` disease knowledge, and in the future newer studies may confirm if this finding could be translated into clinical benefit.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Cardiovascular disease prevention and Epidemiology</title>
      <p>The presence of cardiovascular risk factors in childhood creates a life-long burden which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref> Therefore, several studies have showed the importance of evaluating risk factors and promoting healthy lifestyle across all lifespan, starting as early as in pre-school children.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref> In an interesting study published in 2018, Melo Rodrigues et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref> analyzed the prevalence and interrelation of cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of 1555 schoolchildren (6-9 years). First, they have found an enormous prevalence (29.1%) of overweight and obesity in this population, showing the magnitude of the childhood obesity epidemic.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref> The prevalence of high-normal blood pressure (4.5%) and hypertension (3.7%) was also much higher than expected. There was a strong association between anthropometric body fat indicators and blood pressure, which reinforces the need for blood pressure measurement, in obese children. However, the most important take-home message from this study is to remember that our lifestyle behaviors as adults are linked to our previous exposures during childhood<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref> and, therefore, cardiovascular health promotion should involve all ages, starting from pre-school children, and the entire family.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref>
			</p>
      <p>It is also known that lifestyle behaviors associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease are influenced by the individual&#8217;s health-related knowledge (health literacy) and by their perception of the risk of disease.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref> Therefore, improving health literacy should be viewed as an essential tool to reduce the global burden of cardiovascular disease and improve risk factor control. In an innovative article published in 2018 in Rev Port Cardiol, Andrade et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">40</xref> evaluated, in a large sample of 1624 portuguese individuals, the specific knowledge on cardiovascular disease, and its relationship with sociodemographic factors, health literacy and clinical history. It was striking to observe a major deficit in cardiovascular health-related knowledge. Only around one-third of the population was able to estimate their risk of myocardial infarction or stroke. Interestingly, participants identified non-smoking and a healthy diet as the main behaviors for cardiovascular disease prevention and attributed a lower importance to blood pressure control. It was also observed that only a very low percentage of individuals would call the national emergency number when faced with symptoms suggestive of a possible stroke or myocardial infarction, as also demonstrated in other studies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">41</xref> Therefore, this study clearly shows that there are important gaps in cardiovascular health-related knowledge in the general population. All of us, both as doctors, scientific community and society, need to create increasing awareness for the importance of improving health literacy in the community. This is a new and important strategy to help prevent cardiovascular disease.</p>
      <p>It is fundamental to know about gaps in cardiovascular healthcare, and the knowledge about common problems and solutions shared by Portuguese-speaking countries (PSC) can provide us useful data regarding the similarities and differences between them, emphasizing well-succeeded actions for fighting CVD. Nascimento et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> described trends in cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in the PSC between 1990 and 2016, stratified by sex, and their association with the respective sociodemographic indexes (SDI) using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2016 data and methodology. They observed large differences, mainly related to socioeconomic conditions, in the relative impact of CVD burden in PSC. Among CVD, ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of death in all PSC in 2016, except for Mozambique and Sao Tome and Principe, where cerebrovascular diseases have supplanted it. The most relevant attributable risk factors for CVD among all PSC are hypertension and dietary factors. Genetic factors, implicit in the cultural identity, factors inherent in the host, as well as the huge social inequality might have contributed to explain the mortality rates observed. Collaboration between the PSC might allow sharing successful experiences to confront CVD between those countries.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Cardiomyopathies and Valvular heart disease</title>
      <p>In the January 2018 issue of Rev Port Cardiol, Cardim et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42">42</xref> report the overall results of the Portuguese national Registry of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (PRo-HCM), which included 1042 patients from 29 centers. This is one the largest and most significant worldwide registries of HCM, and provides a detailed contemporary assessment of the clinical profile, management strategies and outcomes of HCM in Portugal. The main conclusions were that HCM is characterized by relatively advanced age at diagnosis, with more than one fourth of patients diagnosed over the age of 65 years. There was a limited use of CMR for HCM assessment but, on the contrary, more than 50% performed genetic testing. The long-term mortality (0.65%/year) and the risk of sudden-cardiac death (0.22%/year) was low, but morbidity remained considerable. This registry shows that there are important differences in HCM management between guidelines and clinical practice, which was also demonstrated in other registries.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43">43</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44">44</xref> This can be the result of different HCM clinical courses representing the heterogeneous spectrum of HCM. Finally, these data reinforce the importance of using clinical registries as an important source of information that should be used to inform practice but also to influence the writing of the guidelines.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B45">45</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Advances in non-invasive cardiac imaging have provided important new insights in the pathophysiology of valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathies, and diagnosis of implanted device or bioprosthesis related complications.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B46">46</xref> Gripp et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B47">47</xref> used global longitudinal strain to assess the incidence of cardiotoxicity in 49 patients treated for breast cancer, and the independent factors associated with that event. Cardiotoxicity was identified in 5 (10%) on the third (n = 2) and sixth (n = 3) months of follow-up. Strain was independently associated with the event (p = 0.004; HR = 2.77; 95%CI: 1.39-5.54), with a cutoff point for absolute value of -16.6 (AUC = 0.95; 95%CI: 0.87-1.0) or a cutoff point for percentage reduction of 14% (AUC = 0.97; 95%CI: 0.9-1.0). They concluded that the 14% reduction in strain (absolute value of -16.6) allowed the early identification of patients who could develop anthracycline and/or trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity.</p>
      <p>The role of incremental diagnostic and prognostic value of combination of imaging techniques or fusion imaging is growing exponentially.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref> In the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 (VARC-2) consensus document, quantitative and semi-quantitative hemodynamic assessments are recommended to assess aortic regurgitation (AR) severity by echocardiogram, and moderate-to-severe AR is defined as valve failure<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref> that is associated with poor outcome and mortality. Miyazaki et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B49">49</xref> investigated a quantitative angiographic assessment of AR by videodensitometry before and after Balloon post-dilatation (BPD) since this technique provides an accurate assessment of the severity of paravalvular leak (PVL) and correlates with increased mortality and impaired reverse cardiac remodeling by echocardiography after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The authors showed that videodensitometry AR (VD-AR) decreased significantly from 24.0[18.0-30.5]% to 12.0[5.5-19.0]%, and the relative delta of VD-AR after BPD ranged from -100% (improvement) to +40% (deterioration). Significant AR (VD-AR &gt; 17%) was observed in 47 patients (77%) before, and in 19 patients (31%) after BPD. They concluded that VD-AR after transcatheter heart valve implantation provides a quantitative assessment of post-TAVI regurgitation and can help in the decision-making process on performing BPD and in determining its efficacy.</p>
      <p>The increasing number of children with evolving congenital heart diseases who had lower mortality, especially in recent years, demands greater preparation of professionals and institutions that handle them. Jatene surgery became the surgical procedure of choice to repair transposition of the great arteries (TGA) in neonates and infants, and nowadays the behavior of the neo-aortic valve is a cause of concern because of its potential for requiring late reoperation. Martins et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B50">50</xref> assessed the prevalence and risk factors of neo-aortic valve regurgitation in 127 patients in the late postoperative period and observed 29% of mild and 18% of moderate neo-aortic valve regurgitation, in a long follow-up. Those patients had a higher aortic annulus Z-score, although reoperation rate due to neo-aortic regurgitation associated with aortic dilation was only 1.5%, all in patients with complex TGA group. So, this study shows that, despite the low incidence of reoperation after Jatene surgery, these patients require strict vigilance due to the time-dependent phenomenon, and one of the major risk factors for neo-aortic valve regurgitation was the preoperative pulmonary artery diameter.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Cardiac function, exercise capacity and heart failure</title>
      <p>Several studies have shown that left atrium (LA) size and function are important predictors of cardiovascular events in several clinical settings and can be involved in the progression to heart failure.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B51">51</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B52">52</xref> In another interesting article published in Rev Port Cardiol, Fontes-Carvalho et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B53">53</xref> evaluated in 94 patients after AMI the role of different indices of LA function (assessed by speckle tracking) as determinants of exercise capacity by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. They found a significant correlation between exercise capacity and LA conduit function, but not with contractile function. LA longitudinal strain was also associated with worse exercise capacity parameters, suggesting that this echocardiographic parameter can be used to predict reduced exercise capacity. Finally, it was shown that LA functional parameters were interdependent with LV diastolic function, highlighting the pathophysiologic importance of correct atrioventricular coupling. Therefore, this study highlights that although the LA was frequently viewed as a bystander in the regulation of cardiac function, the availability of new echocardiographic parameters for LA assessment (such as speckle tracking assessment) has shown its clinical utility as an important functional and prognostic marker in several clinical settings, especially in heart failure (HF).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B54">54</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Heart failure patients have a significant risk of cardiovascular events. Therefore, several studies have tried to improve risk stratification tools to predict HF hospitalizations or the need for heart transplantation. The most commonly used score is the Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM), which is based on 24 clinical variables.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B55">55</xref> Other scores are also available,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B56">56</xref> but there is an ongoing need to improve risk stratification in HF. In the February issue of Rev Port Cardiol, Pereira-da-Silva demonstrate that VE/VCO2 slope, obtained from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), can be a good predictor of events in patients with HF with reduced EF (&lt;40%). Although most previous studies have assessed the role of peak VO2 as a prognostic marker, it is known that the VE/VCO2 slope is a particularly interesting parameter, because it reflects ventilatory efficiency and is independent on the level of patient effort.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B57">57</xref> The authors identified a threshold of VE/VCO2 slope &gt; 39 as an excellent marker of worse outcome, with a c-statistic value of 0.79. Nevertheless, it is commonly said &#8220;in Medicine there are no magical numbers&#8221;. This is especially true in the selection of HF patients for heart transplantation, where individual clinical decision requires a team-based approach, with extensive clinical experience and a multiparametric approach. However, this interesting study highlights the importance of integrating the information provided by CPET, especially of VE/VCO2, as another important clinical parameter to better stratify these patients.</p>
      <p>Exercise training induces cardiovascular adaptations secondary to changes in blood pressure, as well as other hemodynamic and metabolic changes in response to physical exertion that are most of the time desired by the cardiologist. Rodrigues et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B58">58</xref> checked the effects of aerobic exercise training on contractility and intracellular calcium (Ca2+) transients of cardiomyocytes, and on the expression of microRNA 214 (miR-214) in the left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). They demonstrated that exercise training reduced systolic arterial pressure in hypertensive rats and increased the availability of intracellular Ca2+ by accelerating the sequestration of these ions in left ventricular myocytes of hypertensive rats, despite increased expression of miR-214 and maintenance of cell contractility. This study confirmed the anti-hypertensive effects of aerobic exercise, as already reported previously.</p>
      <p>But will any level of exercise be beneficial to all? Silva et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B59">59</xref> hypothesized that athletes engaging in high-intensity strength training for long periods of time show changes in cardiac structure associated with reduced cardiac function when compared to long-distance runners, and long-time exposure to high-intensity strength training could lead to a reduction of endothelial function caused by pressure overload. They evaluated 40 high-performance athletes (powerlifters [PG], n = 16; runners [RG], n = 24) and assessed heart structure and function performing echocardiography and checking systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), peripheral vascular resistance (PVR), maximum force (squat, bench press, and deadlift), and maximal oxygen uptake (spirometry). The authors concluded that cardiovascular adaptations are dependent on training modality, and the borderline structural cardiac changes are not accompanied by impaired function in powerlifters. However, a mild increase in blood pressure seems to be related to PVR rather than endothelial function.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusions</title>
      <p>We hope this review of the best in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science published in the Portuguese language by 2 major journals can help our readers to update their knowledge in an easy and pleasant format and yet, get excited and interested in going deeper on the articles published last year on their field of expertise. The specific areas covered by this review included coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, cardiovascular disease prevention and epidemiology, cardiomyopathy and valvular heart disease, and finally cardiac function, exercise and heart failure. Articles published in all these fields demonstrated important innovation, new and original information with direct effect on clinical routine patient management, and also new insights on better understanding of disease process and treatment. Population and epidemiological data of particular importance for Portuguese speaking countries were also presented.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo de Revis&#227;o</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O Ano de 2018 em Cardiologia: Uma Vis&#227;o Geral da ABC Cardiol e RPC</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fontes-Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0737-6188</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Glaucia Maria Moraes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">3</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">4</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9255-3064</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gon&#231;alves</surname>
            <given-names>Lino</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">5</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">6</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4505-3344</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rochitte</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Eduardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">7</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">8</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff9">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia - Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia, Vila Nova de Gaia - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff10">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia - Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade do Porto, Porto - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff11">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff12">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o Edson Saad - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff13">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia - Centro Hospitalar e Universit&#225;rio de Coimbra, Coimbra - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff14">
        <label>6</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff15">
        <label>7</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff16">
        <label>8</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o (HCOR), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira,</bold> Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - R. Prof. Rodolpho P. Rocco, 255 - 8&#176;. Andar - Sala 6, UFRJ. CEP 21941-913, Cidade Universit&#225;ria, RJ - Brasil. E-mail: <email>glauciam@cardiol.br</email>, <email>glauciamoraesoliveira@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Fontes-Carvalho R, Oliveira GMM, Oliveira GMM, Rochitte CE.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Publica&#231;&#245;es Peri&#243;dicas/tend&#234;ncias</kwd>
        <kwd>Atividades Cient&#237;ticas e Tecnol&#243;gicas/tend&#234;ncias</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/preven&#231;&#227;o e controle</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomiopatias</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as das Valvas Card&#237;acas</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A l&#237;ngua portuguesa &#233; a sexta l&#237;ngua mais falada em todo o mundo. Estima-se que seja falada por mais de 244 milh&#245;es de pessoas, sendo a quinta l&#237;ngua mais utilizada na Internet, por quase 83 milh&#245;es de cibernautas, e a terceira l&#237;ngua mais utilizada nas redes sociais Facebook e Twitter. O portugu&#234;s &#233; a l&#237;ngua oficial de oito pa&#237;ses (Portugal, Brasil, Angola, Mo&#231;ambique, Guin&#233;-Bissau, Cabo Verde, S&#227;o Tom&#233; e Pr&#237;ncipe e Timor-Leste). Apesar da incorpora&#231;&#227;o de palavras nativas e das mudan&#231;as gramaticais e de pron&#250;ncia t&#237;picas de cada pa&#237;s, seus idiomas permanecem unidos, e esses pa&#237;ses compartilham muitos problemas importantes de sa&#250;de, como as doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DCV).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Atualmente, dois peri&#243;dicos s&#227;o publicados em portugu&#234;s no mundo, a Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (Rev Port Cardiol) e os Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (atualmente apelidado de ABC Cardiol), e ambos publicam os melhores trabalhos em l&#237;ngua portuguesa.</p>
      <p>A Rev Port Cardiol, tamb&#233;m conhecida como Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia, &#233; o peri&#243;dico cient&#237;fico oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. Com mais de 35 anos de atividade cient&#237;fica ininterrupta, &#233; hoje uma prestigiada revista internacional com visibilidade global.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>As hist&#243;rias da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC) e do ABC Cardiol est&#227;o completamente entrela&#231;adas desde o in&#237;cio, e em 2018 o ABC Cardiol completou 70 anos de exist&#234;ncia. O ABC Cardiol &#233; uma publica&#231;&#227;o de acesso aberto, editada pela SBC, lida por 14.000 cardiologistas e membros da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, com autoria estrangeira em cerca de um ter&#231;o de seus artigos. O ABC Cardiol &#233; indexado nas principais bases de dados e possui o melhor Fator de Impacto para peri&#243;dicos da &#225;rea de Cardiologia e Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares da Am&#233;rica Latina.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Todos os anos, os dois peri&#243;dicos publicam dezenas de artigos cient&#237;ficos de alta qualidade. No ano de 2018, a Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia publicou um total de 194 artigos, sendo 62 originais, e o ABC Cardiol publicou um total de 240 artigos, sendo 96 originais. A sele&#231;&#227;o dos 10 melhores trabalhos de pesquisa (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabelas 1</xref> e <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">2</xref>) de ambos os peri&#243;dicos &#233; sempre um esfor&#231;o dif&#237;cil, devido a alta qualidade cient&#237;fica geral. Al&#233;m disso, na aus&#234;ncia de m&#233;tricas espec&#237;ficas, essa sele&#231;&#227;o &#233; sempre imperfeita e influenciada por algum grau de subjetividade. N&#227;o obstante, um comit&#234; composto por cientistas posicionados entre os melhores do seu campo de atua&#231;&#227;o nos traz os resultados mais pr&#243;ximos do ideal na escolha dos melhores 10 artigos desses peri&#243;dicos em 2018. As revistas tamb&#233;m publicaram v&#225;rios artigos de revis&#227;o importantes, que ficaram fora do escopo desta sele&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Tabela 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Lista dos 10 melhores artigos originais publicados em 2018 na Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="80%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Autor</th>
              <th align="center">T&#237;tulo _link</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Tim&#243;teo A et al.</td>
              <td align="center">Registo Nacional de S&#237;ndromes Coron&#225;rias Agudas: 15 anos de um registo prospetivo cont&#237;nuo<break/>
								<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117302950?via%3Dihub">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117302950?via%3Dihub</ext-link>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Monteiro P et al.</td>
              <td align="center">Estudo Safira: reflex&#245;es sobre a preval&#234;ncia e os padr&#245;es de tratamento de fibrilha&#231;&#227;o auricular e risco cardiovascular em 7.500 indiv&#237;duos com 65 ou mais anos<break/>
								<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255116304218">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255116304218</ext-link>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Pereira H et al.</td>
              <td align="center">Fatores que influenciam o atraso do doente at&#233; &#224; angioplastia prim&#225;ria no enfarte agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento de ST (STEMI): a iniciativa Stent for Life em Portugal<break/>
								<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117300811">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117300811</ext-link>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Menezes MN et al.</td>
              <td align="center">An&#225;lise comparativa do fractional flow reserve (FFR) e do instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR): resultados de um registo de 5 anos<break/>
								<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117303943">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117303943</ext-link>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Cardim N et al.</td>
              <td align="center">Registo Portugu&#234;s de Miocardiopatia Hipertr&#243;fica: resultados globais<break/>
								<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117305425">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117305425</ext-link>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Andrade N et al.</td>
              <td align="center">Conhecimento sobre a doen&#231;a cardiovascular em Portugal<break/>
								<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2174204918302848">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2174204918302848</ext-link>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Tim&#243;teo A et al.</td>
              <td align="center">Qual o papel dos bloqueadores-beta numa coorte de tratamento contempor&#226;nea de doentes com s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda? An&#225;lise de emparelhamento de score de propens&#227;o<break/>
								<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S217420491830388X">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S217420491830388X</ext-link>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Fontes-Carvalho R et al.</td>
              <td align="center">An&#225;lise de deforma&#231;&#227;o da aur&#237;cula esquerda por speckle tracking como preditor da capacidade funcional ap&#243;s enfarte do mioc&#225;rdi<break/>
								<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2174204918303520">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2174204918303520</ext-link>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Rodrigues PM et al.</td>
              <td align="center">Adiposidade corporal est&#225; associada com o risco de press&#227;o arterial elevada em escolares portugueses<break/>
								<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2174204918301259">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2174204918301259</ext-link>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Pereira-da-Silva T et al.</td>
              <td align="center">Aprimoramento da estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e da sele&#231;&#227;o de candidatos a transplanta&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca<break/>
								<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117300641">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117300641</ext-link>
							</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <table-wrap id="t4">
        <label>Tabela 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Lista dos 10 melhores artigos originais publicados em 2018 no ABC Cardiol</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="80%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Autor</th>
              <th align="center">T&#237;tulo _link</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Nascimento BR et al.</td>
              <td align="center">Epidemiologia das Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares em Pa&#237;ses de L&#237;ngua Portuguesa: Dados do "Global Burden of Disease", 1990 a 2016<break/>
								<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0066-782X2018000600500&amp;script=sci_arttext&amp;tlng=pt">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0066-782X2018000600500&amp;script=sci_arttext&amp;tlng=pt</ext-link>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Farsky PS et al.</td>
              <td align="center">Atividade Inflamat&#243;ria Persistente em C&#233;lulas Sangu&#237;neas e Tecidos Arteriais de Pacientes com Stent Pr&#233;vio Convencional<break/>
								<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001400134&amp;lng=pt&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=pt">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001400134&amp;lng=pt&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=pt</ext-link>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Borges JMDM et al.</td>
              <td align="center">Fatores Associados ao Manejo Inadequado de Agentes Antiplaquet&#225;rios no Perioperat&#243;rio de Cirurgias N&#227;o Card&#237;acas<break/>
								<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001600596&amp;lng=es&amp;nrm=i&amp;tlng=pt">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001600596&amp;lng=es&amp;nrm=i&amp;tlng=pt</ext-link>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">de Souza e Silva CG et al.</td>
              <td align="center">Sobrevida de homens e mulheres de at&#233; 15 anos ap&#243;s interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea realizada pelo Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 1999-2010<break/>
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							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Stephan LS et al.</td>
              <td align="center">Anticoagula&#231;&#227;o Oral na Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial Desenvolvimento e Avalia&#231;&#227;o de um Aplicativo de Sa&#250;de M&#243;vel para Apoiar a Tomada de Decis&#227;o Compartilhada<break/>
								<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0066-782X2018000100007&amp;script=sci_arttext&amp;tlng=pt">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0066-782X2018000100007&amp;script=sci_arttext&amp;tlng=pt</ext-link>
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            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Gripp EA et al.</td>
              <td align="center">Acur&#225;cia do Strain Longitudinal Global na Predi&#231;&#227;o de Cardiotoxicidade em uma Coorte de Pacientes com C&#226;ncer de Mama em Tratamento com Antrac&#237;clicos e/ou Trastuzumab<break/>
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							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Miyazaki Y et al.</td>
              <td align="center">Papel da Avalia&#231;&#227;o Aortogr&#225;fica Quantitativa da Regurgita&#231;&#227;o A&#243;rtica por Videodensitometria na Orienta&#231;&#227;o do Implante da Valva A&#243;rtica Transcateter<break/>
								<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001400193&amp;lng=pt&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=pt">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001400193&amp;lng=pt&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=pt</ext-link>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Martins CN et al.</td>
              <td align="center">Regurgita&#231;&#227;o da Valva Neo-A&#243;rtica a M&#233;dio e Longo Prazo ap&#243;s Cirurgia de Jatene: Preval&#234;ncia e Fatores de Risco<break/>
								<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001300021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=pt">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0066-782X2018001300021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=pt</ext-link>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Silva DV et al.</td>
              <td align="center">Compara&#231;&#227;o de Par&#226;metros Card&#237;acos e Vasculares em Powerlifters e Corredores de Longa Dist&#226;ncia: Um Estudo Transversal Comparativo<break/>
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            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Rodrigues JA et al.</td>
              <td align="center">Exerc&#237;cio F&#237;sico e Regula&#231;&#227;o de C&#225;lcio Intracelular em Cardiomi&#243;citos de Ratos Hipertensos<break/>
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							</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <sec>
        <title>Doen&#231;a arterial coronariana</title>
        <p>Em 2018, a Rev Port Cardiol publicou os resultados de 15 anos do Registro Portugu&#234;s de S&#237;ndromes Coronarianas Agudas (PorACS).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Este &#233; um registro multic&#234;ntrico e cont&#237;nuo que j&#225; envolveu mais de 45.000 eventos, de 45 centros. &#201; um dos maiores registros nacionais nesta &#225;rea, excedido apenas pelos registros SWEDEHEART<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> e MINAP.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Este artigo fornece informa&#231;&#245;es muito importantes sobre a epidemiologia e a evolu&#231;&#227;o dos padr&#245;es de tratamento da SCA. Primeiro, demonstra-se que o perfil cl&#237;nico dos pacientes com SCA mudou pouco ao longo dos anos e a propor&#231;&#227;o de infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCST) permaneceu est&#225;vel (45%). Mais importante, ao longo dos anos ocorreu grande melhora da qualidade geral dos cuidados da SCA. Por exemplo, mais de 85% dos pacientes com IAMCST em Portugal recebem atualmente terapia de reperfus&#227;o, que &#233; principalmente realizada por ICP prim&#225;ria (apenas 5,2% foram submetidos a tromb&#243;lise). Essa melhora nos cuidados de SCA traduziu-se em uma not&#225;vel redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade intra-hospitalar, que passou de 6,7% em 2002 para 2,5% em 2016. Portanto, a comunidade cardiovascular deve ser reconhecida por essa conquista not&#225;vel. No entanto, o trabalho n&#227;o est&#225; conclu&#237;do, e este estudo tamb&#233;m mostrou lacunas importantes nos cuidados da SCA que devem ser abordadas. Infelizmente, o tempo para reperfus&#227;o n&#227;o melhorou suficientemente e h&#225; uma necessidade urgente de melhorar tanto o tempo de &#8220;retardo do paciente&#8221; como o de &#8220;retardo do sistema&#8221;.</p>
        <p>Em outro artigo interessante publicado em 2018, Pereira H. et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> avaliaram, em 994 pacientes com suspeita de IAMCST, os determinantes do tempo de retardo do paciente no sistema de sa&#250;de portugu&#234;s. Embora a maioria dos sistemas de sa&#250;de concentre suas medidas de desempenho na avalia&#231;&#227;o do &#8220;tempo porta-bal&#227;o&#8221;,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> &#233; importante entender e abordar as raz&#245;es desse &#8220;tempo de retardo do paciente&#8221;, que significa o tempo entre o in&#237;cio dos sintomas e o primeiro contato com o m&#233;dico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> Os pesquisadores observaram que o tempo de retardo do paciente era muito longo (cerca de 120 minutos) e identificaram cinco preditores de aumento no tempo de retardo do paciente: 1) idade&gt;75 anos; 2) in&#237;cio dos sintomas entre 0:00 e 8:00 da manh&#227;; 3) atendimento em uma unidade de aten&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria antes do primeiro contato m&#233;dico; 4) n&#227;o ligar para o n&#250;mero de emerg&#234;ncia m&#233;dica nacional; e 5) autotransporte para o setor de emerg&#234;ncia. Portanto, este artigo fornece informa&#231;&#245;es importantes para planejar campanhas mais eficazes direcionadas ao paciente que possam diminuir o tempo de retardo do paciente, e melhorar o tratamento e o progn&#243;stico do IAMCST.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
				</p>
        <p>As &#250;ltimas diretrizes de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio de 2018 refor&#231;am a import&#226;ncia da avalia&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica de les&#245;es coronarianas com estenoses de gravidade interm&#233;dia, que pode ser realizada por meio de FFR ou iFR.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> A iFR &#233; uma nova t&#233;cnica para avaliar a gravidade da estenose coronariana, que tem a vantagem de n&#227;o necessitar da administra&#231;&#227;o de um vasodilatador, como a adenosina. Dois estudos randomizados publicados recentemente mostraram resultados cl&#237;nicos compar&#225;veis entre essas duas t&#233;cnicas em pacientes com estenose de grau intermedi&#225;rio.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> No entanto, alguns estudos mostraram que pode haver algumas inconsist&#234;ncias entre as duas avalia&#231;&#245;es.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Em um artigo provocativo publicado na Rev Port Cardiol, Menezes et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> relataram sua experi&#234;ncia comparando diretamente a informa&#231;&#227;o sobre FFR e iFR em 150 pacientes. Eles demonstraram que, em geral, o FFR e o iFR s&#227;o concordantes, mas em uma propor&#231;&#227;o significativa de casos (13%) os resultados diferiram entre as duas t&#233;cnicas. Portanto, este artigo agrega importante contribui&#231;&#227;o para a discuss&#227;o em andamento sobre os mecanismos subjacentes respons&#225;veis por essa discord&#226;ncia e suas implica&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Uma quest&#227;o que permanece em aberto no tratamento de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana &#233; a maior mortalidade ap&#243;s cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio (CRM) em pacientes com <italic>stent.</italic> Farsky et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> avaliaram marcadores inflamat&#243;rios (LIGHT, IL-6, ICAM, VCAM, CD40, NFKB, TNF&#945;, IFN&#947;) em c&#233;lulas do sangue perif&#233;rico e no tecido da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria obtidos durante a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio em pacientes com <italic>stent</italic> (n = 41) em compara&#231;&#227;o com os controles (n = 26). Eles observaram que pacientes com <italic>stent</italic> apresentaram maior TNF&#945; (p = 0,03) e menor express&#227;o do gene CD40 (p = 0,01) em c&#233;lulas do sangue perif&#233;rico do que controles sem <italic>stent</italic>. Em amostras de art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias, a colora&#231;&#227;o da prote&#237;na TNF&#945; foi maior em pacientes com <italic>stent</italic>, n&#227;o apenas na camada &#237;ntima-m&#233;dia (5,16 &#177; 5,05 vs 1,90 &#177; 2,27; p = 0,02), mas tamb&#233;m no tecido adiposo (6,69 &#177; 3,87 vs 2,27 &#177; 4,00; p &lt; 0,001), que apresentou maior valor de prote&#237;na interleucina-6 (p = 0,04). Eles conclu&#237;ram que os n&#237;veis sist&#234;micos mais elevados de marcadores inflamat&#243;rios em pacientes com <italic>stents</italic> podem contribuir para um pior desfecho cl&#237;nico, contribuindo para o nosso melhor entendimento das altera&#231;&#245;es fisiopatol&#243;gicas que ocorrem em pacientes com <italic>stents</italic> coronarianos submetidos &#224; revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio.</p>
        <p>Outro desafio no tratamento da doen&#231;a coronariana &#233; a ocorr&#234;ncia de complica&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas e &#243;bitos no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio de cirurgias n&#227;o card&#237;acas, principalmente devido ao infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM). Agentes antiplaquet&#225;rios s&#227;o a base da preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria e secund&#225;ria de eventos cardiovasculares. Borges et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> realizaram um estudo transversal para avaliar os fatores associados ao manejo inadequado de antiagregantes plaquet&#225;rios no per&#237;odo perioperat&#243;rio de cirurgias n&#227;o card&#237;acas. A amostra foi composta por pacientes adultos submetidos a cirurgias n&#227;o card&#237;acas e que utilizariam &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico (aspirina) ou clopidogrel (n = 161). O tratamento n&#227;o cumpriu as recomenda&#231;&#245;es das diretrizes em 80,75% da amostra. Ap&#243;s an&#225;lise multivariada, observou-se que os pacientes com maior n&#237;vel de escolaridade (OR = 0,24; IC95% 0,07-0,78) e aqueles com um epis&#243;dio anterior de IAM (OR = 0,18; IC 95% 0,04-0,95) apresentaram maior probabilidade de uso de terapia em conformidade com as diretrizes. Esses achados enfatizaram a import&#226;ncia do <italic>Heart Team</italic> no desenvolvimento de instrumentos educativos para refor&#231;ar aos pacientes a import&#226;ncia da ades&#227;o ao tratamento da doen&#231;a arterial coronariana.</p>
        <p>Na ci&#234;ncia m&#233;dica, &#233; importante continuar questionando dogmas estabelecidos. Durante d&#233;cadas, o uso de betabloqueadores foi considerado uma pedra angular da terapia medicamentosa ap&#243;s IAM, com indica&#231;&#227;o de classe I ou classe IIa para os pacientes ap&#243;s IAMCST e IAMSST, respectivamente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> Entretanto, na era da terapia de reperfus&#227;o, v&#225;rios estudos t&#234;m questionado essa indica&#231;&#227;o, principalmente em pacientes sem disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> Na edi&#231;&#227;o de novembro da Rev Port Cardiol, Timoteo et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> publicaram um novo artigo sobre esse t&#243;pico que &#8220;adiciona mais combust&#237;vel ao fogo&#8221; e &#224; discuss&#227;o em andamento. Usando os registros de um &#250;nico centro, eles realizaram uma an&#225;lise utilizando escore de propens&#227;o para avaliar o desfecho em um ano de uma amostra de 1520 pacientes p&#243;s-SCA tratados com betabloqueadores. Observaram que o uso de betabloqueador foi um preditor independente de mortalidade total, incluindo os pacientes com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o normal ou levemente reduzida. Contudo, a an&#225;lise efetuada apresenta algumas limita&#231;&#245;es. Apesar de terem usado o escore de propens&#227;o,devemos ter cautela na interpreta&#231;&#227;o destes dados devido ao fen&#244;meno de confus&#227;o residual. Al&#233;m disso, a ades&#227;o ao tratamento e, mais importante, as raz&#245;es para n&#227;o prescrever um betabloqueador n&#227;o foram avaliadas neste estudo. Portanto, este estudo &#233; importante porque refor&#231;a a necessidade urgente de realizar um ensaio cl&#237;nico pragm&#225;tico para reavaliar a efic&#225;cia e a seguran&#231;a dos betabloqueadores na era moderna da terapia de reperfus&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Al&#233;m disso, na ci&#234;ncia m&#233;dica, &#233; importante continuar questionando a efic&#225;cia da abordagem terap&#234;utica dos nossos pacientes. De Souza e Silva et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> estudaram a sobrevida de pacientes adultos com cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica tratados com interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea (ICP), no estado do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), de 1999 a 2014, pagos pelo sistema p&#250;blico de sa&#250;de (SUS). Eles mostraram dados de 19.263 pacientes (61 &#177; 11 anos, 63,6% homens), e as taxas de sobrevida de homens versus mulheres em 30 dias, um ano e 15 anos foram: 97,3% (97,0-97,6%) vs. 97,1% (96,6-97,4%), 93,6% (93,2-94,1%) vs. 93,4% (92,8-94,0%) e 55,7% (54,0-57,4%) vs. 58,1 % (55,8-60,3%), respectivamente. Eles tamb&#233;m observaram que a faixa et&#225;ria mais avan&#231;ada estava associada com menores taxas de sobrevida em todos os per&#237;odos, ICP com coloca&#231;&#227;o de <italic>stent</italic> tinham taxas de sobrevida maiores do que aquelas sem coloca&#231;&#227;o de stent durante um acompanhamento de dois anos, e mulheres apresentaram taxa de sobrevida maior que os homens em um per&#237;odo de 15 anos ap&#243;s a ICP. Esses achados realizados em uma popula&#231;&#227;o do mundo real podem ajudar os m&#233;dicos a tomar decis&#245;es sobre a indica&#231;&#227;o da ICP, considerando os benef&#237;cios e riscos observados com este procedimento.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Arritmias</title>
        <p>A fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) &#233; a arritmia sustentada mais comum e um fator de risco significativo para acidente vascular cerebral, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e mortalidade.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> O estudo SAFIRA,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> recentemente publicado na RPC, teve como objetivo determinar a preval&#234;ncia e a epidemiologia da FA numa grande amostra de 7500 idosos portugueses. O estudo incluiu um subconjunto significativo de 400 indiv&#237;duos que foram submetidos a monitoriza&#231;&#227;o por Holter de 24 horas e outro subconjunto de 200 indiv&#237;duos que tiveram um gravador de eventos de 2 semanas para identificar FA parox&#237;stica. V&#225;rios dados interessantes vieram deste estudo. Primeiro, observaram uma preval&#234;ncia muito alta (9%) de FA nessa popula&#231;&#227;o idosa, que foi maior do que a relatada anteriormente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref> Segundo, mais de um ter&#231;o (35,9%) dos pacientes com FA n&#227;o tinham conhecimento da doen&#231;a e 18,6% tinham FA parox&#237;stica, o que refor&#231;a a necessidade de uma triagem de FA mais sistem&#225;tica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref> Mais importante, neste estudo do &#8220;mundo real&#8221;, as taxas de anticoagula&#231;&#227;o foram muito decepcionantes. Embora a m&#233;dia do escore CHADSVASC tenha sido alta (3,5 &#177; 1,2), a maioria dos pacientes com FA (56,3%) n&#227;o recebeu anticoagula&#231;&#227;o e apenas 25,8% foram considerados adequadamente anticoagulados. Portanto, este estudo destaca os enormes desafios no diagn&#243;stico e tratamento da FA em pacientes idosos e a necessidade urgente de implementar pol&#237;ticas espec&#237;ficas de sa&#250;de (envolvendo pacientes, cuidadores, m&#233;dicos e autoridades de sa&#250;de) que possam enfrentar esses importantes problemas.</p>
        <p>Como mencionado anteriormente, o tratamento da fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial &#233; um desafio na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, especialmente no que diz respeito ao uso de anticoagulantes orais, que s&#227;o fundamentais para a preven&#231;&#227;o do AVC. Considerando os desafios impostos por esse tipo de tratamento, Stephan et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref> hipotetizaram que o apoio a tomada de decis&#227;o compartilhada, atrav&#233;s do uso de aplicativos em telefone celular, poderia melhorar o conhecimento dos pacientes e otimizar o processo de decis&#227;o. Os autores desenvolveram um aplicativo (App aFib) para ser usado durante a visita cl&#237;nica, incluindo um v&#237;deo sobre fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial, calculadoras de risco, gr&#225;ficos explicativos e informa&#231;&#245;es sobre os medicamentos dispon&#237;veis para tratamento. Na fase piloto, 30 pacientes interagiram com o aplicativo, que foi avaliado qualitativamente e por um question&#225;rio de conhecimento da doen&#231;a e uma escala de conflito decisional. O n&#250;mero de respostas corretas no question&#225;rio sobre a doen&#231;a foi significativamente maior ap&#243;s a intera&#231;&#227;o com o aplicativo (de 4,7 &#177; 1,8 para 7,2 &#177; 1,0, p &lt; 0,001), e a escala de conflito decisional, aferida ap&#243;s a sele&#231;&#227;o da terapia com suporte do aplicativo, resultou em uma m&#233;dia de 11 &#177; 16/100 pontos, indicando um baixo conflito decis&#243;rio. Embora estes tenham sido os achados iniciais, o App aFib melhorou o conhecimento do paciente sobre a doen&#231;a e, no futuro, estudos mais recentes podem confirmar se esse achado poderia ser traduzido em benef&#237;cio cl&#237;nico.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Preven&#231;&#227;o de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares e epidemiologia</title>
        <p>A presen&#231;a de fatores de risco cardiovascular na inf&#226;ncia aumenta o risco de doen&#231;a cardiovascular na vida adulta.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref> Portanto, v&#225;rios estudos mostraram a import&#226;ncia de avaliar os fatores de risco e promover estilos de vida saud&#225;veis durante toda a vida, come&#231;ando em crian&#231;as em idade pr&#233;-escolar.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref> Em um estudo interessante publicado em 2018, Melo Rodrigues et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref> analisaram a preval&#234;ncia e a interrela&#231;&#227;o de fatores de risco cardiovascular em uma amostra de 1555 crian&#231;as portuguesas (6-9 anos). Primeiro, eles encontraram uma enorme preval&#234;ncia (29,1%) de sobrepeso e obesidade nessa popula&#231;&#227;o, mostrando a magnitude da epidemia de obesidade infantil.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref> A preval&#234;ncia de press&#227;o arterial normal-alta (4,5%) e hipertens&#227;o (3,7%) tamb&#233;m foi muito maior que a esperada. Houve forte associa&#231;&#227;o entre os indicadores antropom&#233;tricos de gordura corporal e a press&#227;o arterial, o que refor&#231;a a necessidade de medi&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial, especialmente em crian&#231;as obesas. No entanto, a mensagem mais importante deste estudo &#233; lembrar que nossos comportamentos de estilo de vida como adultos est&#227;o ligados &#224;s exposi&#231;&#245;es anteriores durante a inf&#226;ncia<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref> e, portanto, a promo&#231;&#227;o da sa&#250;de cardiovascular deve envolver todas as idades a partir das crian&#231;as em idade pr&#233;-escolar, devendo incluir a fam&#237;lia inteira.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">40</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Sabe-se tamb&#233;m que os comportamentos de estilo de vida associados a um risco aumentado de doen&#231;a cardiovascular s&#227;o influenciados pelo conhecimento relacionado com a sa&#250;de do indiv&#237;duo (<italic>alfabetiza&#231;&#227;o</italic> em sa&#250;de) e por sua percep&#231;&#227;o do risco de doen&#231;a.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">41</xref> Portanto, a melhora do conhecimento em sa&#250;de deve ser vista como uma ferramenta essencial para reduzir a carga global de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares e melhorar o controle dos fatores de risco. Em um artigo inovador publicado em 2018 na Rev Port Cardiol, Andrade et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42">42</xref> avaliaram em uma grande amostra de 1624 indiv&#237;duos o conhecimento espec&#237;fico sobre doen&#231;a cardiovascular e sua rela&#231;&#227;o com fatores sociodemogr&#225;ficos, conhecimento em sa&#250;de e hist&#243;ria cl&#237;nica. Foi impressionante observar um grande d&#233;ficit no conhecimento relacionado com a sa&#250;de cardiovascular. Apenas um ter&#231;o da popula&#231;&#227;o foi capaz de estimar o risco de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio ou acidente vascular cerebral. Curiosamente, os participantes identificaram o n&#227;o-tabagismo e uma dieta saud&#225;vel como os principais comportamentos para a preven&#231;&#227;o de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares e atribu&#237;ram menor import&#226;ncia ao controle da press&#227;o arterial. Observou-se tamb&#233;m que apenas um percentual muito baixo de indiv&#237;duos ligaria para o n&#250;mero de emerg&#234;ncia nacional diante de sintomas sugestivos de um poss&#237;vel acidente vascular cerebral ou infarto do mioc&#225;rdio, algo que tamb&#233;m foi demonstrado em outros estudos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43">43</xref> Portanto, este estudo mostrou claramente que existem lacunas importantes no conhecimento relacionado &#224; sa&#250;de cardiovascular na popula&#231;&#227;o em geral. Todos n&#243;s, como m&#233;dicos, comunidade cient&#237;fica e sociedade, precisamos criar uma conscientiza&#231;&#227;o crescente sobre a import&#226;ncia de melhorar o conhecimento em sa&#250;de na comunidade. Esta &#233; uma estrat&#233;gia nova e importante para ajudar a prevenir doen&#231;as cardiovasculares.</p>
        <p>&#201; fundamental conhecer as lacunas na aten&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular, e o conhecimento sobre problemas e solu&#231;&#245;es comuns compartilhados pelos pa&#237;ses de l&#237;ngua portuguesa (PLP) pode fornecer dados &#250;teis sobre as semelhan&#231;as e diferen&#231;as entre eles, enfatizando a&#231;&#245;es bem-sucedidas no combate &#224;s DCV. Nascimento et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> descreveram as tend&#234;ncias na morbidade e mortalidade por doen&#231;as cardiovasculares no PLP entre 1990 e 2016, estratificadas por sexo, e sua associa&#231;&#227;o com os respectivos &#237;ndices sociodemogr&#225;ficos (ISD), utilizando os dados e a metodologia do Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2016. Eles observaram grandes diferen&#231;as, principalmente relacionadas &#224;s condi&#231;&#245;es socioecon&#244;micas, no impacto relativo da carga de DCV no PLP. Entre as DCV, a cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica foi a principal causa de morte em todos os PLP em 2016, com exce&#231;&#227;o de Mo&#231;ambique e S&#227;o Tom&#233; e Pr&#237;ncipe, onde as doen&#231;as cerebrovasculares a suplantaram. Os fatores de risco atribu&#237;veis mais relevantes para DCV entre todos os PLP s&#227;o hipertens&#227;o e fatores diet&#233;ticos. Fatores gen&#233;ticos, impl&#237;citos na identidade cultural, fatores inerentes ao hospedeiro, bem como a enorme desigualdade social, poderiam ter contribu&#237;do para explicar as taxas de mortalidade observadas. A colabora&#231;&#227;o entre os PLP pode possibilitar o compartilhamento de experi&#234;ncias bem-sucedidas para enfrentar as DCV nesses pa&#237;ses.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Cardiomiopatias e valvopatia card&#237;aca</title>
        <p>Na edi&#231;&#227;o de janeiro de 2018 da Rev Port Cardiol, Cardim et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44">44</xref> relataram os resultados gerais do Registro Nacional de Cardiomiopatia Hipertr&#243;fica (PRo-HCM), que incluiu 1042 pacientes de 29 centros. Este &#233; um dos maiores e mais significativos registros mundiais de CMH e fornece uma avalia&#231;&#227;o contempor&#226;nea detalhada do perfil cl&#237;nico, estrat&#233;gias de manejo e desfechos de CMH em Portugal. As principais conclus&#245;es foram que a CMH &#233; caracterizada pela idade relativamente avan&#231;ada ao diagn&#243;stico, uma vez que em mais de um quarto dos doentes o diagn&#243;stico foi feito apenas ap&#243;s os 65 anos. Houve uso limitado de Resson&#226;ncia Magn&#233;tica Card&#237;aca para avalia&#231;&#227;o de CMH, mas, por outro lado, mais de 50% realizaram testes gen&#233;ticos. A mortalidade de longo prazo (0,65%/ano) e o risco de morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca (0,22%/ano) foram baixos, mas a morbidade permaneceu consider&#225;vel. Esse registro mostra que existem diferen&#231;as importantes na abordagem da CMH entre as diretrizes e a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, o que tamb&#233;m foi demonstrado em outros registros.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B45">45</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B46">46</xref> Este pode ser o resultado de diferentes cursos cl&#237;nicos de CMH que representam o espectro heterog&#234;neo da CMH. Finalmente, esses dados refor&#231;am a import&#226;ncia do uso de registros cl&#237;nicos como uma importante fonte de informa&#231;&#227;o que deve ser usada para auxiliar a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, mas tamb&#233;m para influenciar a reda&#231;&#227;o das diretrizes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B47">47</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Os avan&#231;os na imagiologia card&#237;aca n&#227;o invasiva proporcionaram importantes conhecimentos novos na fisiopatologia da cardiopatia valvular e das cardiomiopatias, e no diagn&#243;stico de complica&#231;&#245;es relacionadas com dispositivos implantados ou biopr&#243;teses.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref> Gripp et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B49">49</xref> usaram o <italic>strain</italic> longitudinal global para avaliar a incid&#234;ncia de cardiotoxicidade em 49 pacientes tratados de c&#226;ncer de mama e os fatores independentes associados a esse evento. A cardiotoxicidade foi identificada em 5 (10%) no terceiro (n = 2) e sexto (n = 3) meses de seguimento. A altera&#231;&#227;o no <italic>strain</italic> longitudinal esteve independentemente associada ao evento (p = 0,004; HR = 2,77; IC95%: 1,39-5,54), com um ponto de corte para o valor absoluto de -16,6 (AUC = 0,95; IC95%: 0,87-1,0) ou um ponto de corte para redu&#231;&#227;o percentual de 14% (AUC = 0,97; IC 95%: 0,9-1,0). Eles conclu&#237;ram que a redu&#231;&#227;o de 14% do <italic>strain</italic> longitudinal (valor absoluto de -16,6) possibilitou a identifica&#231;&#227;o precoce de pacientes que poderiam desenvolver cardiotoxicidade induzida por antraciclina e/ou trastuzumabe.</p>
        <p>O papel do valor incremental da combina&#231;&#227;o de t&#233;cnicas de imagem ou das imagens de fus&#227;o no diagn&#243;stico e no progn&#243;stico est&#225; crescendo exponencialmente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref> No documento do consenso <italic>Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 (VARC-2)</italic>, a avalia&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica quantitativa e semi-quantitativa &#233; recomendada para quantificar a gravidade da regurgita&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica (RA) pelo ecocardiograma, e uma RA moderada a grave &#233; definida como uma les&#227;o na v&#225;lvula<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B50">50</xref> associada com desfecho prec&#225;rio e mortalidade. Miyazaki et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B51">51</xref> investigaram a avalia&#231;&#227;o angiogr&#225;fica quantitativa da RA por videodensitometria antes e depois da dilata&#231;&#227;o p&#243;s bal&#227;o (DPB), uma vez que essa t&#233;cnica fornece uma avalia&#231;&#227;o precisa da gravidade do vazamento perivalvar (VPV) e correlaciona-se com aumento da mortalidade e comprometimento do remodelamento card&#237;aco reverso pela ecocardiografia ap&#243;s implante de v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica transcateter (TAVI). Os autores mostraram que a videodensitometria AR (VD-AR) diminuiu significativamente de 24,0 [18,0-30,5]% para 12,0 [5,5-19,0]%, e o delta relativo da VD-AR ap&#243;s a DPB variou de -100% (melhora) a +40% (deteriora&#231;&#227;o). RA significativa (VD-AR &gt; 17%) foi observada em 47 pacientes (77%) antes e em 19 pacientes (31%) ap&#243;s a DPB. Eles conclu&#237;ram que o VD-AR ap&#243;s a implanta&#231;&#227;o da v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica transcateter fornece uma avalia&#231;&#227;o quantitativa da regurgita&#231;&#227;o p&#243;s-TAVI e pode ajudar no processo de tomada de decis&#227;o sobre a realiza&#231;&#227;o de DPB e na determina&#231;&#227;o da sua efic&#225;cia.</p>
        <p>O aumento do n&#250;mero de crian&#231;as com cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas que tiveram menor mortalidade, especialmente nos &#250;ltimos anos, exige maior preparo dos profissionais e institui&#231;&#245;es que lidam com eles. A cirurgia de Jatene tornou-se o procedimento cir&#250;rgico de escolha para reparar a transposi&#231;&#227;o das grandes art&#233;rias (TGA) em neonatos e lactentes, e atualmente o comportamento da v&#225;lvula neo-a&#243;rtica &#233; preocupante devido ao seu potencial para evoluir para reopera&#231;&#227;o tardia. Martins et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B52">52</xref> avaliaram a preval&#234;ncia e os fatores de risco da regurgita&#231;&#227;o valvar neo-a&#243;rtica em 127 pacientes no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio tardio e observaram 29% de regurgita&#231;&#227;o valvar a&#243;rtica leve e 18% de moderada em um longo per&#237;odo de seguimento. Esses pacientes apresentavam maior escore Z do anel a&#243;rtico, embora a taxa de reopera&#231;&#227;o devido &#224; regurgita&#231;&#227;o neo-a&#243;rtica associada &#224; dilata&#231;&#227;o da aorta fosse de apenas 1,5%, todos em pacientes do grupo de TGA de maior complexidade. Assim, este estudo mostrou que, apesar da baixa incid&#234;ncia de reopera&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s a cirurgia de Jatene, esses pacientes necessitam de vigil&#226;ncia rigorosa devido ao fen&#244;meno tempo-dependente, e um dos principais fatores de risco para regurgita&#231;&#227;o valvar neo-a&#243;rtica foi o di&#226;metro da art&#233;ria pulmonar pr&#233;-operat&#243;ria.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, capacidade de exerc&#237;cio e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</title>
        <p>V&#225;rios estudos demonstraram que o tamanho e a fun&#231;&#227;o do &#225;trio esquerdo (AE) s&#227;o importantes preditores de eventos cardiovasculares em diversos contextos cl&#237;nicos e podem estar envolvidos na progress&#227;o para insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B53">53</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B55">55</xref> Em outro artigo interessante publicado na Rev Port Cardiol, Fontes-Carvalho et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B56">56</xref> avaliaram, em 94 pacientes ap&#243;s IAM, o papel de diferentes &#237;ndices de fun&#231;&#227;o do AE, avaliados pelo speckle tracking, como determinantes da capacidade de exerc&#237;cio pelo teste de exerc&#237;cio cardiopulmonar. Eles encontraram uma correla&#231;&#227;o significativa entre a capacidade de exerc&#237;cio e a fun&#231;&#227;o de condu&#231;&#227;o do AE, mas n&#227;o com a fun&#231;&#227;o contr&#225;til deste. O <italic>strain</italic> longitudinal do AE tamb&#233;m esteve associado com piores par&#226;metros de capacidade de exerc&#237;cio, sugerindo que este par&#226;metro ecocardiogr&#225;fico pode ser usado para prever uma capacidade de exerc&#237;cio diminu&#237;da. Por fim, foi demonstrado que os par&#226;metros funcionais do AE eram interdependentes com a fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica do VE, mostrando a import&#226;ncia fisiopatol&#243;gica do correto acoplamento atrioventricular. Portanto, este estudo destaca que, embora o AE tenha sido frequentemente visto como um &#8220;espectador&#8221; na regula&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, a disponibilidade de novos par&#226;metros ecocardiogr&#225;ficos para a avalia&#231;&#227;o do AE (como a avalia&#231;&#227;o de speckle tracking) mostrou sua utilidade cl&#237;nica como importante marcador funcional e progn&#243;stico em v&#225;rios contextos cl&#237;nicos, especialmente na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B57">57</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca t&#234;m um risco significativo de eventos cardiovasculares. Portanto, v&#225;rios estudos tentaram melhorar as ferramentas de estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco para prever hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por IC ou a necessidade de transplante card&#237;aco. O escore mais comumente utilizado &#233; o Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM), baseado em 24 vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B58">58</xref> Outras pontua&#231;&#245;es tamb&#233;m est&#227;o dispon&#237;veis,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B59">59</xref> mas h&#225; uma necessidade cont&#237;nua de melhorar a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco na IC. Na edi&#231;&#227;o de fevereiro da Rev Port Cardiol, Pereira-da-Silva demonstrou que a inclina&#231;&#227;o VE/VCO2, obtida do teste de exerc&#237;cio cardiopulmonar (TECP), pode ser um bom preditor de eventos em pacientes com IC com FE reduzida (&lt;40%). Embora a maioria dos estudos anteriores tenha avaliado o papel do pico de VO2 como marcador progn&#243;stico, sabe-se que a inclina&#231;&#227;o VE/VCO2 &#233; um par&#226;metro particularmente interessante, pois reflete a efici&#234;ncia ventilat&#243;ria e &#233; independente do n&#237;vel de esfor&#231;o do paciente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B60">60</xref> Os autores identificaram um limiar de inclina&#231;&#227;o de VE/VCO2 &gt; 39 como um excelente marcador de pior desfecho, com um valor na estat&#237;stica-c de 0,79. No entanto, &#233; comum dizer que &#8220;na Medicina n&#227;o h&#225; n&#250;meros m&#225;gicos&#8221;. Isto &#233; especialmente verdadeiro na sele&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com IC para transplante card&#237;aco, onde a decis&#227;o cl&#237;nica individual requer uma abordagem baseada em equipe, com extensa experi&#234;ncia cl&#237;nica e uma abordagem multiparam&#233;trica. No entanto, este interessante estudo destaca a import&#226;ncia de integrar as informa&#231;&#245;es fornecidas pelo TECP, especialmente do VE/VCO2, como outro importante par&#226;metro cl&#237;nico para estratificar melhor esses pacientes.</p>
        <p>O treinamento f&#237;sico induz adapta&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares secund&#225;rias a altera&#231;&#245;es na press&#227;o arterial, bem como outras altera&#231;&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas e metab&#243;licas em resposta ao esfor&#231;o f&#237;sico, que s&#227;o na maioria das vezes desejadas pelo cardiologista. Rodrigues et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B61">61</xref> verificaram os efeitos do treinamento f&#237;sico aer&#243;bico na contratilidade e nos transientes intracelulares de c&#225;lcio (Ca2+) de cardiomi&#243;citos e na express&#227;o do microRNA 214 (miR-214) no ventr&#237;culo esquerdo de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (REH). Eles demonstraram que o treinamento f&#237;sico reduziu a press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica em ratos hipertensos e aumentou a disponibilidade de Ca2+ intracelular ao acelerar o sequestro desses &#237;ons nos mi&#243;citos do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo de ratos hipertensos, apesar do aumento da express&#227;o de miR-214 e manuten&#231;&#227;o da contratilidade celular. Este estudo confirmou os efeitos anti-hipertensivos do exerc&#237;cio aer&#243;bico, como j&#225; relatado anteriormente.</p>
        <p>Mas qualquer n&#237;vel de exerc&#237;cio ser&#225; ben&#233;fico para todos? Silva et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B62">62</xref> hipotetizaram que atletas praticantes de treinamento de for&#231;a de alta intensidade por longos per&#237;odos apresentam altera&#231;&#245;es na estrutura card&#237;aca associadas &#224; fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca reduzida quando comparados com corredores de longa dist&#226;ncia, e a exposi&#231;&#227;o prolongada ao treinamento de for&#231;a de alta intensidade poderia levar a uma redu&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial causada pela sobrecarga de press&#227;o. Eles avaliaram 40 atletas de alto rendimento (levantadores de peso [LP], n = 16; corredores [GP], n = 24) e analisaram a estrutura e fun&#231;&#227;o do cora&#231;&#227;o realizando ecocardiograma e verificando a press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica e diast&#243;lica (PAS/PAD), dilata&#231;&#227;o mediada pelo fluxo (DMF), resist&#234;ncia vascular perif&#233;rica (RVP), for&#231;a m&#225;xima (agachamento, supino e terra) e consumo m&#225;ximo de oxig&#234;nio (espirometria). Os autores conclu&#237;ram que as adapta&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares s&#227;o dependentes da modalidade de treinamento e que as altera&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas estruturais lim&#237;trofes n&#227;o s&#227;o acompanhadas de preju&#237;zo da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular em levantadores de peso. No entanto, um leve aumento na press&#227;o arterial parece estar relacionado &#224; RVP, e n&#227;o &#224; fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
        <p>Esperamos que esta revis&#227;o do melhor em Cardiologia e Ci&#234;ncia Cardiovascular publicado em Portugu&#234;s por 2 peri&#243;dicos importantes possa ajudar nossos leitores a atualizarem seus conhecimentos em um formato f&#225;cil e agrad&#225;vel e, ainda mais, entusiasmarem-se e interessarem-se em aprofundar a leitura dos artigos publicados no ano passado em sua &#225;rea de especializa&#231;&#227;o. As &#225;reas espec&#237;ficas cobertas por esta revis&#227;o inclu&#237;ram doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, arritmias, preven&#231;&#227;o e epidemiologia de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, cardiomiopatia e cardiopatia valvar e, finalmente, fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, exerc&#237;cio e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. Artigos publicados em todos esses campos demonstraram importante inova&#231;&#227;o, informa&#231;&#227;o nova e original, com efeito direto no manejo cl&#237;nico do paciente, e tamb&#233;m novos <italic>insights</italic> para melhor compreens&#227;o do processo e tratamento da doen&#231;a. Foram tamb&#233;m apresentados dados populacionais e epidemiol&#243;gicos de particular import&#226;ncia para os pa&#237;ses de l&#237;ngua portuguesa.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
