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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">PzjXJzMnZ6N4kKycTBkRLzH</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2019000200129</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180265</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Single Photon Computed Tomography-Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy. Diagnostic Tool Anticipating the Disease</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3166-6054</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Hueb</surname>
            <given-names>Whady</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>S&#227;o Paulo</city>
            <state>SP</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo (FMUSP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Whady Hueb,</bold> Instituto do cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo (FMUSP) - Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Sala 114. Postal Code 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>whady.hueb@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>112</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>129</fpage>
      <lpage>129</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article ext-link-type="doi" id="r01" page="121-128" related-article-type="commentary-article" vol="112" xlink:href="10.5935/abc.20180250"/>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Obesity</kwd>
        <kwd>Diabetes Mellitus</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Reperfusion/radionuclide imaging</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease/physiopathology</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Without making any value judgment, a large percentage of physicians who request tests to make diagnoses is observed in the contemporary clinical practice. On the other hand, a considerable percentage of physicians who make the diagnosis and possibly ask for tests to confirm the diagnosis is also observed. Both behaviors are considered valid when common good is achieved: The patients&#8217; benefit. However, the request for tests without an appropriate criterion is not only harmful to the patient, but also to the system.</p>
    <p>In present-day medicine, there is a large collection of tests considered normal throughout the medical knowledge area, including cardiology. In a publication by Dippe Jr et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> in this issue, the authors, in a retrospective analysis of a database, found this trend. Of 5,526 scans of myocardial perfusion scans performed on obese patients (grade 1), 77% were considered normal. Assuming that the exams were requested for investigation of myocardial ischemia, the authors related the presence of perfusion deficit with myocardial ischemia in only 23%. Based on these data, they found, after applying a "creative statistic", a 245% risk-ratio for typical angina. It is known, in principle, that perfusion deficit is an expression of intrinsic myocardial abnormality.</p>
    <p>The coronary arterial system may or may not contribute to this anomaly. In this scenario, the disproportion between supply and consumption of O<sub>2</sub> by the myocardium has some variables that do not always depend on the coronary arterial system. Thus, to relate the presence of perfusion deficit as a future prediction of clinical variables may be a methodologically dangerous path. Still in this study, the authors mentioned obesity as a predictor of diabetes mellitus in 57% of the people studied. In this case, the subjects had grade 1 obesity at the upper limit of the Body Mass Index (BMI) for overweight.</p>
    <p>On the other hand, this classification imposes limitations to its application.</p>
    <p>There are some problems with using BMI as a determinant of obesity. Muscular people have high BMIs and are not obese. The elderly need a differentiated classification to determine obesity. Moreover, the World Health Organization concluded that Asian people could be considered obese even with a BMI of 25. Thus, unless better judged, the levels of obesity reported in this research cannot be disseminated as a predictor of the prognosis. Up to a point, this study resembles the study model by Hachamovitch et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> where the authors, in methodologically biased studies and results subject to discussion, established a percentage of myocardial ischemia close to 12% as a reference for indication of myocardial revascularization. Unfortunately, these results are referenced in the main specialty guidelines. Abstaining from practicing prediction, these results should be placed in the collections of transient truths.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Study of Myocardial Perfusion in Obese Individuals without Known Ischemic Heart Disease</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 Dippe Jr T, Pereira da Cunha C L, Cerci R J, Stier J&#250;nior A L, V&#237;tola J V. Estudo de Perfus&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica em Obesos sem Doen&#231;a Card&#237;aca Isqu&#234;mica Conhecida. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019; 112(2):121-128</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Dippe</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
              <suffix>Jr</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pereira da Cunha</surname>
              <given-names>C L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cerci</surname>
              <given-names>R J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Stier</surname>
              <given-names>A L</given-names>
              <suffix>J&#250;nior</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>V&#237;tola</surname>
              <given-names>J V</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Estudo de Perfus&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica em Obesos sem Doen&#231;a Card&#237;aca Isqu&#234;mica Conhecida</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>112</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>121</fpage>
          <lpage>128</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2 Hachamovitch R, Hayes SW, Friedman JD, Cohen I, Berman DS.Comparison of the short-term survival benefit associated with revascularization compared with medical therapy in patients with no prior coronary artery disease undergoing stress myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography.Circulation. 2003,17;107(23):2900-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Hachamovitch</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hayes</surname>
              <given-names>SW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Friedman</surname>
              <given-names>JD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cohen</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Berman</surname>
              <given-names>DS</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Comparison of the short-term survival benefit associated with revascularization compared with medical therapy in patients with no prior coronary artery disease undergoing stress myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2003</year>
          <volume>107</volume>
          <issue>23</issue>
          <fpage>2900</fpage>
          <lpage>2907</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Cintilografia de Perfus&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica com Tomografia Computadorizada por F&#243;ton &#218;nico. Ferramenta Diagn&#243;stica Antecipando a Doen&#231;a</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3166-6054</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Hueb</surname>
            <given-names>Whady</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo (FMUSP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Whady Hueb,</bold> Instituto do cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo (FMUSP) - Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Sala 114. CEP 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>whady.hueb@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Obesidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Diabetes Mellitus</kwd>
        <kwd>Reperfus&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica/cintilografia</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana/fisiopatologia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Sem apreciar qualquer ju&#237;zo de valor, observa-se na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica contempor&#226;nea um percentual vultoso de m&#233;dicos que solicitam exames para fazer diagn&#243;sticos. Observa-se tamb&#233;m, por outro lado, um percentual consider&#225;vel de m&#233;dicos que fazem o diagn&#243;stico e, eventualmente, pedem exames para confirmar o diagn&#243;stico. Ambas atitudes s&#227;o consideradas v&#225;lidas quando o bem comum &#233; alcan&#231;ado: o benef&#237;cio dos pacientes. Todavia, a solicita&#231;&#227;o de exames sem um crit&#233;rio apropriado &#233; danosa n&#227;o s&#243; para o paciente como tamb&#233;m para o sistema.</p>
      <p>Assiste-se, na medicina recente, um vultoso acervo de exames considerados normais em toda a &#225;rea do conhecimento m&#233;dico incluindo-se, nesse cen&#225;rio, a cardiologia. Em publica&#231;&#227;o de Dippe Jr et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> nessa edi&#231;&#227;o, os autores, em an&#225;lise retrospectiva de um banco de dados, encontraram essa tend&#234;ncia. De 5.526 exames de cintilografia de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica realizados em obesos (grau 1), 77 % deles foram considerados normais. Admitindo-se que os exames foram solicitados para investiga&#231;&#227;o de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica, os autores relacionaram a presen&#231;a de d&#233;ficit de perfus&#227;o com isquemia mioc&#225;rdica em somente 23 %. Diante desses dados, encontraram, ap&#243;s aplicar uma &#8220;estat&#237;stica criativa&#8221;, uma rela&#231;&#227;o de 245 % de aumento de risco para angina t&#237;pica.</p>
      <p>Sabe-se, por princ&#237;pio, que d&#233;ficit de perfus&#227;o &#233; uma express&#227;o de anormalidade intr&#237;nseca do mioc&#225;rdio. O sistema arterial coronariano pode contribuir ou n&#227;o para essa anomalia. Nesse cen&#225;rio, a despropor&#231;&#227;o entre a oferta e consumo de O<sub>2</sub> pelo mioc&#225;rdio tem algumas vari&#225;veis que nem sempre dependem do sistema arterial coronariano. Assim, relacionar a presen&#231;a de d&#233;ficit de perfus&#227;o como previs&#227;o futura de vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas pode ser um caminho metodologicamente perigoso. Ainda nesse estudo, os autores relacionaram a obesidade como fator preditor de diabetes mellitus em 57 % das pessoas estudadas. Nesse caso, os sujeitos da pesquisa apresentavam obesidade grau 1 no limite superior da classifica&#231;&#227;o do &#237;ndice de massa corporal (IMC) para sobrepeso.</p>
      <p>Por outro lado, essa classifica&#231;&#227;o imp&#245;e limita&#231;&#245;es para sua aplica&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <p>Existem alguns problemas para usar o IMC como determinante de obesidade. Pessoas musculosas tem o IMC alto e n&#227;o s&#227;o obesos. Idosos necessitam de classifica&#231;&#227;o diferenciada para determinar a obesidade. Ainda, a Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial de Sa&#250;de concluiu que pessoas de origem asi&#225;tica poderiam ser consideradas obesas mesmo com IMC de 25. Assim, salvo melhor ju&#237;zo, os n&#237;veis de obesidade relatados nessa pesquisa n&#227;o podem ser disseminados como preditores de progn&#243;stico. Guardadas as devidas propor&#231;&#245;es, esse estudo assemelha-se ao modelo de estudo de Hachamovitch et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> onde os autores, em estudos metodologicamente enviesados e resultados pass&#237;veis de discuss&#227;o, estabeleceram percentual de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica pr&#243;xima a 12 % como refer&#234;ncia para indica&#231;&#227;o de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica. Lamentavelmente esses resultados s&#227;o referenciados nas principais diretrizes da especialidade. Abstendo-se de praticar a vaticina&#231;&#227;o, esses resultados dever&#227;o ser colocados nas cole&#231;&#245;es de verdades transit&#243;rias.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Estudo de Perfus&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica em Obesos sem Doen&#231;a Card&#237;aca Isqu&#234;mica Conhecida</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
